JP2001103911A - Feed for ruminant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To search for nonfermentable and scarcely hydrolyzable saccharides in the rumen of a ruminant and develop a feed containing the substances added thereto. SOLUTION: This feed for a ruminant comprises an oligosaccharide or a sugar alcohol nonfermentable and scarcely hydrolyzable in the rumen of the ruminant.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed for ruminants, and more particularly, to oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols that can avoid degradation and fermentation in the rumen of ruminants and can reach digestive organs below the abomasum. The present invention relates to a feed for ruminants, comprising:

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art All nutrients in feed are not used by animals, and for example, about 20% of undigested components of carbohydrates may be excreted in feces. Similar trends are seen for proteins and other nutritional components. Excretion of unused components not only results in economical loss of feed, but also causes fecal matter resulting from excretion to become an environmental pollution, leading to social problems.

[0003] In monogastric animals, when indigestible carbohydrates (oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols) are added and fed to the feed, they reach the lower gastrointestinal tract, improve the intestinal flora, improve feed efficiency and improve the efficiency of excreta. It is known that it is effective in controlling odors. In the field of feed for livestock, lactulose (JP-B No. 54-1582) has been used for the purpose of improving diarrhea and loose stool, which are often seen in the suckling period of mammals and the chick stage of poultry, and improving feed efficiency.
No. 9), a branched oligosaccharide (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-16680), a reduced product of a branched oligosaccharide (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-61222), a fructooligosaccharide (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-34134), or a xylo-oligosaccharide ( JP-A-64-5515
No. 0), a method of adding an oligosaccharide has been proposed, a part of which is industrialized, and a commercial product is commercially available. However, its effect on livestock with rumen has not been fully examined. The conventional findings found in the above patents and the like are the results of a feeding test in a state in which the rumen is undeveloped immediately after feeding or immediately after weaning, and a feeding test in a state in which the lumen is fully developed and functioning has been performed. Absent. In ruminants such as cattle, when rumen is fully developed, conventional indigestible oligosaccharides can be directly orally administered, and most of them are degraded and assimilated by microorganisms in the rumen without reaching the lower digestive tract. The present inventors consider that the function is not exhibited.

A method of coating a physiologically active substance with a coating composition so as not to be decomposed in the lumen (JP-A-6-339343) has been studied, but this method is economically satisfactory. It was not something. Therefore, administering a functional carbohydrate that is hardly degraded in the rumen to a ruminant, and allowing the carbohydrate to reach the abomasum and lower gastrointestinal tract and exerting its original function is to improve the productivity of the ruminant. It is important not only for improvement but also for environmental hygiene.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention focuses on the effectiveness of functional carbohydrates against intestinal bacteria in livestock, taking into account safety and economics, and having sufficiently developed rumen after weaning. It provides sugars that are difficult to decompose and ferment in the rumen of ruminants, improves intestinal flora in the lower gastrointestinal tract, improves feed efficiency, and exhibits functions such as reducing the odor of excreted feces. The aim is to provide a feed that can.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have made intensive efforts to achieve the above object, and as a result, among sugars having a bifidobacterial growth activity, sugars that are hardly decomposed in the rumen of ruminants are considered. Found quality. Furthermore, based on this finding, it was found that raising ruminants using a compound feed containing the carbohydrate improved the utilization efficiency of feed nutrients and also improved the smell of excreted feces. Was completed.

The present invention according to claim 1 is a feed for ruminants comprising an oligosaccharide or a sugar alcohol which is non-fermentable and hardly decomposable in rumen of ruminants. According to the present invention, the oligosaccharide which is non-fermentable and hardly decomposable in rumen of ruminant is a maltooligosaccharide having a non-reducing terminal glucosyl residue having a galactosyl group at β.
2. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the feed is a 1,4-linked oligosaccharide. In the third aspect of the present invention, the oligosaccharide that is non-fermentable and hardly decomposable in the rumen of a ruminant animal is an oligosaccharide in which maltooligosaccharide is α-linked to β-hydroxyl group of glucosyl residue of lactose. A feed for ruminants as described. The present invention according to claim 4, wherein the oligosaccharide that is non-fermentable and hardly degradable in the rumen of a ruminant animal,
The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, which is galactosyl maltose. The present invention according to claim 5 is the feed for ruminant animals according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide that is non-fermentable and hardly decomposable in rumen of ruminants is galactosyl neotrehalose. The present invention according to claim 6 provides:
2. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol which is non-fermentable and hardly decomposable in rumen rumen is lactitol.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The rumen non-fermentable and hardly decomposable saccharides used in the present invention include oligosaccharides in which a galactosyl group is linked to a glucosyl residue at the non-reducing terminal of maltooligosaccharide by β1,4, and glucosyl of lactose. Examples include oligosaccharides in which maltooligosaccharides are α-linked to the β-hydroxyl group of the residue, galactosyl maltose, galactosyl neotrehalose, and lactitol. Of these, the first two are precursors of galactosyl maltose and galactosyl neotrehalose, respectively.

By reacting β-galactosidase on a mixed solution of maltooligosaccharide (starch saccharified product) and lactose by a known method, galactosyl maltose which is an amylase-resistant trisaccharide consisting of galactose, glucose and glucose at the non-reducing terminal is obtained. A product having a partial structure is obtained, and then an amylase such as Taka-amylase is allowed to act thereon to produce galactosyl maltose (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-279596). This galactosyl maltose has been found to have bifidobacterial selective growth activity. Galactosyl maltose can be separated and purified by column chromatography and used.However, a galactosyl group is β1,4 bonded to a glucosyl residue at the non-reducing end of maltooligosaccharide obtained by the action of β-galactosidase. Oligosaccharide mixtures can also be used in the present invention. That is, this precursor can also be used because it is converted to galactosyl maltose by the action of amylase in ruminants.

Next, galactosyl neotrehalose used in the present invention is a trisaccharide obtained by reacting lactose and starch with cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and glucoamylase (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-146949).
Publication), it has been clarified that it has a selective growth activity for bifidobacteria. This galactosyl neotrehalose can also be used after separation and purification by column chromatography, but an oligosaccharide obtained by reacting cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase with maltooligosaccharide α-bonded to β-hydroxyl group of glucosyl residue of lactose. Sugar mixtures can also be used in the present invention as precursors. That is, this substance can be used because it is converted into galactosyl neotrehalose by the action of amylase in ruminants.

Lactitol used in the present invention can be obtained by reducing lactose by an existing method, and it has been clarified that this substance also has bifidobacterial growth activity.

As the feed for ruminant animals, a commercially available product can be used arbitrarily. For example, a concentrated feed (trade name: dairy cow flake 16, made by Nisshin Feed) can be used. It is not necessary to change the composition, and it is only necessary to add a non-fermentable, hardly decomposable saccharide in the rumen to the commercial feed. In addition, a commonly used component, for example, hay or the like is appropriately added depending on the target animal. The amount of the carbohydrate of the present invention to be added to the feed depends on the purity and the growing condition of the livestock, but is optimally 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 2.0% as an active ingredient. The period of administration of the feed according to the present invention to animals is not particularly limited, and the feed may be continuously provided over a long period.

[0013]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. Example 1 Test by Batch Culture (a) Preparation of Rumen Microbial Mixture The rumen contents were collected from Holstein cows before foraging,
The mixture was squeezed with double gauze, and the filtrate was used as a microorganism mixture.

(B) Medium The composition of the medium used in the test is shown in Table 1 below. Using this medium as a control, 3 g / L each of various sugars (lactosucrose, galactosyl maltose, galactosyl neotrehalose or lactitol) was added to the medium.

[0015]

Table 1 Composition of culture solution

(C) Culture method Culture was performed by a batch method using a 120 mL vaccine bottle. That is, 60 mL of a control medium having the above composition or a medium to which a saccharide is added is anaerobically injected under CO ₂ aeration,
The cells were cultured at 40 ° C. for 8 hours and compared.

In order to measure the fate of the saccharide added to the medium, the amount of residual sugar during and after the cultivation was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). That is,
Equipment equipped with an amide column (AMIDO-80) (S
HIMADZU), the column temperature was set to 35 ° C., the flow rate of the mobile phase (71% acetonitrile) was set to 1.0 mL / min, and detection was performed with an RI detector.

(D) Results The results obtained are shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure,
The carbohydrate was degraded with the lapse of the culture time, but in particular, the lactosucrose used for comparison was completely degraded within 4 hours after the start of the culture. However, 35% or more of galactosyl maltose remains after 4 hours of culture, the remaining amount after 7 hours is about 1.5%, and in the case of galactosyl neotrehalose, about 20% after 8 hours.
%, And in the case of lactitol, the residual amount was much larger, and about 77% remained even after 8 hours.

As described above, it was found that galactosyl maltose, galactosyl neotrehalose and lactitol are carbohydrates which are hardly decomposed and fermented in the rumen of ruminants. Therefore, by adding these to the feed,
It can be expected that it will pass through the lumen and perform functions such as improving the lower gastrointestinal flora.

Example 2 In Vivo Test Using Cattle (a) Test Method Four Holstein steers, 3 months old, with an average weight of 1
10 kg) was placed in a metabolic gauge and tested. The composition of the feed (% dry matter) is 40% Sudangrass hay, 27% alfalfa hay cube, 33% concentrated feed (combined feed for dairy cows, trade name: dairy cow flake 16, Nisshin Feed) 33%
The feeding amount was maintained at a maintenance level based on the Japanese Feed Standards (1994 edition), and the feeding was carried out twice in the morning and evening in equal amounts.

The test was divided into a period in which a given carbohydrate was added to the above feed and a period in which it was not added. In the addition period, galactosyl maltose was added to the above-mentioned feed at 1.0%. Each period was 2 weeks, all feces were collected on the last 3 days, and rumen contents were collected on the last day before and 2 and 5 hours after feeding. For rumen contents, total volatile fatty acid concentration and ammonia concentration were measured, and for feces, odorant (ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, indole, skatole) concentration, NDF (neutral detergent fiber; lignin, cellulose, The hemicellulose) content and the CP (protein) content were measured, and the effects were examined.

(B) Results In the in vivo test, the health condition and the amount of food consumed by the test cows were as follows:
It was not affected by the addition of galactosyl maltose. In addition, the ammonia-N concentration in the rumen contents liquid showed a decreasing tendency with the addition of galactosyl maltose. On the other hand, there was a tendency for the acetic acid ratio in the total volatile fatty acids to decrease and for the propionic acid ratio to increase. The NDF digestibility increased significantly (p <0.05), and the CP digestibility also showed an increasing trend. Also, the pH of feces tended to decrease,
The ammonia-N concentration decreased significantly, the indole concentration tended to decrease, and the total volatile fatty acid concentration in feces decreased significantly. There was a tendency for the ratio of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid in volatile fatty acids to decrease.

The results strongly suggest that feeding galactosyl maltose to ruminants such as cattle results in improved intestinal flora, increased feed efficiency and reduced odor from feces. Thus, it was found that the use of galactosyl maltose for improving the intestinal flora and reducing malodor was very effective. This strongly suggests that the use of galactosyl neotrehalose or lactitol, which is less likely to be degraded in the rumen than galactosyl maltose, will have the same effect.

[0024]

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, by adding oligosaccharides or sugar alcohols which are non-fermentable and hardly degradable in rumen rumen to feed, feed efficiency is increased, gastrointestinal flora is improved, feces are improved. It can contribute to the reduction of odor. This can contribute not only to economic efficiency but also to environmental issues.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the residual ratio of the saccharide of Example 1.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Eriko Kikuchi 13-46 Ogurocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside the Yokohama International Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd. (72) Takaki Fujita 13-46, Ogurocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Inside the Yokohama International Bio Research Institute (72) Kozo Hara 13-46 Ogurocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa F-term (reference) 2B005 BA01 BA07 2B150 AA02 AB01 AB12 AB20 DA06 DC15

Claims (6)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
A feed for ruminants comprising an oligosaccharide or a sugar alcohol which is hardly decomposable. 2. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
The feed for ruminant animals according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide that is hardly decomposed is an oligosaccharide in which a galactosyl group is linked to a glucosyl residue at a non-reducing terminal of a maltooligosaccharide by β1,4. 3. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
The oligosaccharide that is hardly degradable is β-glycosyl residue of lactose.
The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the feed is a oligosaccharide having a maltooligosaccharide α-linked to a hydroxyl group. 4. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide that is hardly decomposable is galactosyl maltose. 5. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
2. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide that is hardly decomposable is galactosyl neotrehalose. 6. A non-fermentable rumen ruminant,
The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol which is hardly decomposable is lactitol.