JP2001092349A - Molecular structure model - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a model which allows the distinct recognition of the characteristics in the structure of a molecular structure not having mirror symmetry by indirectly indicating the kinds of atoms, molecules or atomic groups in a molecular structure model of a skeleton structure. SOLUTION: The skeleton structure of a regular tetrahedron consists of six sheets of planar parts B1 to B6 of an isosceles triangular shape co-possessing a central point CT. The four vertexes P1 to P4 of this structure are composed of the three planar parts. The front and rear surfaces of the planar parts B1, B2 and B6 are both colored to a first color tone (for example, purple), the front and rear surfaces of the planar parts B6 are colored to a second color tone (for example, yellow), the front and rear surfaces of the planar parts B5 are colored to a third color tone (for example, red) and the front and rear surfaces of the planar parts B6 are colored to a fourth color tone (for example, blue).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a molecular structure model.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, in a compound comprising a plurality of types of atoms and ions, even if the types of atoms, ions and atomic groups constituting the compound are the same, the arrangement and bonding of the atoms, ions and various atomic groups are common. Some aspects exhibit different properties due to different aspects. For example, an optical isomer is a typical example, and a plurality of types of compounds having different arrangements of atoms, ions, or atomic groups are known even if they have exactly the same chemical formula.

On the other hand, as a conventional molecular model, there is an atomic position model configured to indicate the position of an atom or ion by a sphere and to indicate the bond between the atom or ion by an axis. There is also a polyhedron model configured in a polyhedron shape to indicate a geometric arrangement such as a crystal plane orientation in which atoms and ions are arranged. However, since these conventional models show only one of the positions of atoms and ions and the geometric surface arrangement, it is necessary to recognize the relationship between the positions of atoms and ions and the geometric structure. And it is difficult to intuitively grasp the material structure. Therefore, the inventor of the present application devised a crystal model of a skeleton structure in advance, and described in Patent No. 2 as a device capable of intuitively grasping both the positions of atoms and ions and the geometric structure of the crystal.
790247.

[0004]

Some molecules have a structure (chiral type) having no mirror symmetry. For example, optical isomers are typical examples. To understand the molecular structure of chiral forms such as optical isomers, it is necessary to easily understand the asymmetry. There is a problem that can not be expressed.
In addition, although the above skeleton structure crystal model can show the geometric structure of the crystal together with the arrangement of individual atoms and ions, the positions of atoms and ions are indicated by the center position and vertex position of the skeleton structure. Therefore, since atoms and ions cannot be represented by a substantial shape, the types of atoms and ions cannot be indicated only by their shapes. Therefore, if only macroscopic understanding of the crystal structure is required, a sufficient effect can be expected even with such a model, but a molecular structure having no mirror symmetry, for example, a structural difference between optical isomers There is a problem that it is difficult to understand the

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a mirror image having a mirror symmetry by indirectly indicating types of atoms, molecules or atomic groups in a molecular structure model of a skeleton structure. An object of the present invention is to provide a model that can clearly grasp the structural characteristics of a molecular structure that does not need to be used.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a molecular structure model according to the present invention is commonly connected at a center point, and a plurality of plate-like portions arranged around the center point cross each other. Are connected by a line, the outer edge of the plate-shaped portion forms a ridge line, and the ridge lines are connected to each other to form a vertex, and the ridge line is a ridge line between each face of the polyhedron. A molecular structure model having a skeleton structure in which the vertices correspond to the vertices of a polyhedron, wherein the center point and at least a part of the vertices represent the positions of atoms or ions or atomic groups. Wherein at least a part of the intersection line and the ridge line indicates a bond between an atom or an ion or an atomic group, the skeleton structure represents a molecular structure having no mirror symmetry, and the plurality of plate-shaped portions are Previous Characterized in that it comprises at least two different appearance from each other depending on the type of the bond indicated by the type or the ridge of the atomic or ionic or atomic group represented by the vertex.

According to the present invention, a plurality of molecules having no mirror symmetry are provided by providing a plurality of plate-like portions having different appearances depending on the type of an atom, an ion, or an atomic group indicated by a vertex. Differences in the arrangement of atoms or ions or atomic groups between models showing the structure can be distinguished from each other by the appearance of the plate-like portion. In addition, since differences in the arrangement of atoms or ions or atomic groups are indicated by different appearances between a plurality of plate-like portions, it is only necessary to change the appearance for each plate-like portion, which unnecessarily complicates model production. Nothing to do.

In the present invention, the type of the atom, ion or atomic group represented by the apex and the combination of the appearance of at least two of the plurality of the plate-like portions constituting the apex are mutually reciprocal. Preferably, they are compatible. According to this means, the type of the atom or ion or atomic group indicated by the vertex corresponds to the combination of the appearances of the plurality of plate-like portions constituting the vertex, so that the atom or ion indicated by the certain vertex Alternatively, the type of the atomic group can be specified relatively easily.

[0009] In the present invention, in the skeleton structure, in a surface region formed by a plurality of plate-like portions surrounded by three or more ridge lines around the center point, the skeleton structure is formed at an outer edge of the surface region. It is preferable that the type of the atom, ion or atomic group indicated by the apex corresponds to a combination of the appearance of the two plate-like portions in the surface region constituting the apex. According to this means, the kind of atoms or ions or atomic groups indicated by the vertices formed at the outer edge of the surface area surrounded by three or more ridgelines surrounding the center point is determined by the surface constituting the vertex. The atoms or ions or atoms represented by each vertex formed at the outer edge of the surface region when viewed from a certain orientation overlooking the surface region by corresponding to the combination of the appearances of the two plate-like portions in the region Since the type of group can be specified, the arrangement of the molecular structure can be more easily understood.

In the present invention, the skeleton structure includes:
It is preferable that at least one of the center point, the apex, and the ridge line is connected to another structural part. Here, the other structural portion may have a structure corresponding to the above skeleton structure, or may have a structure not corresponding to the above skeleton structure.

In each of the above inventions, the appearance is preferably a color tone.

[0012]

[First Embodiment] Next, an embodiment of a molecular structure model according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates a molecular structure model for representing an amino acid of the present embodiment. FIG. 1A is a chemical structural formula showing a basic structure of an amino acid, wherein a hydrogen atom (H) 12, an amino group (NH ₂ ) 13, and a carboxyl group (COOH) are provided with respect to a central carbon atom (C _α ) 11. 14 and side chain (R) 15 are bound.
As amino acids, there are 20 types that can be present in the living body (hydrophobic amino acids alanine, valine, phenylalanine,
Isoleucine, leucine, proline, methionine, charged amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, polar amino acids serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, glycine of the simplest structure) are known, Amino acids differ only in the structure of the side chain R, and have the same basic structure. Chiral molecular structures without mirror symmetry are important for amino acids.

The molecular structure model of the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
(D). FIGS. 1B to 1D show the same molecular structure model viewed from different directions. This embodiment has a regular tetrahedral skeleton structure. This tetrahedral skeleton structure has six isosceles triangular plate-shaped portions B ₁ to B ₁ to which share a center point CT.
Consisting of B _6. Four vertices P ₁ to P ₄ of the structure is constituted by three plate-shaped portion, respectively. In this model, 1 extending from the center point CT to each of the vertices P _{1 to} P ₄
Two intersection lines are formed, and six ridge lines are formed between the vertices P _{1 to} P ₄ .

In this model, the plate-shaped portion B₁, B₂Passing
And B₃Both the front and back sides are in the first color tone (for example, purple).
Shape B₄The front and back sides have a second color tone (for example, yellow),
Part B ₅The front and back surfaces are in a third color tone (for example, red),
B₆The front and back sides are in the fourth color tone (for example, blue)
It is colored.

The above-mentioned center point CT indicates the center carbon atom 11. The above-mentioned vertex P ₁ to which the plate-shaped portions B ₁ , B _2, and B ₃ are connected indicates the side chain 15, and the plate-shaped portions B ₁ ,
The vertex P ₂ to which B ₄ and B ₆ are connected is a hydrogen atom 12
The vertex P ₃ to which the plate-shaped portions B ₁ , B ₄ and B ₅ are connected indicates the amino group 13, and the plate-shaped portions B ₁ , B ₅ and B ₅
The vertex P ₄ to which ₆ is connected indicates the carboxyl group 14.

Therefore, in this model,
A vertex P in which all the plate portions have the first color tone₁Is the side chain 15
And the color tone of the plate portion to be connected is the first color tone, the second color
Vertex P, which is a combination of tone and fourth tone₂Is hydrogen field
FIG. 12 shows a child 12, and the color tone of the connected plate-shaped portion is a first color tone;
Vertex P, which is a combination of the second color tone and the third color tone ₃
Indicates an amino group 13, and the color tone of the connected plate portion is the first
Vertex P, which is the color tone, the third color tone, and the fourth color tone₄Ha
A ruboxyl group 14 is shown. Therefore, connected to each vertex
Indicated at each vertex by the combination of the color of the plate
Of the atom (or ion) or group or other atomic group
It becomes possible to know the difference between the types. Also different atoms
Or a plurality connected to the vertices indicating ions or atomic groups
The combination of the appearance (color tone) of the plate
Depending on the atomic structure in the overall structure of the molecular structure
Intuitively grasp the arrangement and symmetry of ions or atomic groups
For example, two types of molecules with similar binding structures
In the structure, the type of atom or ion or group of atoms
Easily see how the array arrangements considered differ
You can know.

[0017] In this embodiment, the model is intended to indicate an amino acid, especially since there is a feature in the structure of the side chain 15 is different for each type of amino acids, connected to the vertex P ₁ showing the side chain 15 of interest The color tones of the plate portions B ₁ , B _2, and B ₃ are all the same so that the position of the side chain 15 can be immediately grasped from any direction. In particular, when a plurality of different types of amino acids are represented by models, the second color tone, the third color tone, and the fourth color tone are all common to each model, and different amino acids are used for the first color tone. It is preferable that the groups have different colors.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show models representing optical isomers of specific amino acids. Amino acids have two optical isomers, L-form and D-form.
FIG. 2A shows that when the central carbon atom 11 is viewed from the bonding direction of the hydrogen atom 12, the carboxyl group 14, the side chain 15, and the amino group 13 are arranged around the central carbon atom 11 clockwise. FIG. 2 (b) shows that the carboxylic acid, the amino group 13 and the side chain 15 are arranged clockwise around the central carbon atom 11 when viewed from the same direction. It shows a D-type. In addition, the amino acids constituting the protein synthesized in the living body are all L-type.

In the model of the present embodiment, when explaining the structural difference between the L-type amino acid and the D-type amino acid, the L-type model shown in FIG. (B)
A D-type model shown in both the plate portion _B 4, _{B 5} and B
₆ (a region surrounded by three ridges connecting the three vertices P _{2 to} P ₄ ) may be arranged side by side in a visible posture. By doing this,
It can be seen at a glance that the L-type model and the D-type model are arranged in different orders around the center point CT indicating the central carbon atom in the three plate-like portions.

[Second Embodiment] Next, a description will be given of a protein molecular structure model constructed based on the above-described amino acid molecular structure model. As is well known, a plurality of amino acids bind via a peptide bond S shown in FIG. 3A to become a protein. Although it is extremely difficult to explain the protein using a conventional model, as shown in FIG. 3B, the tetrahedral skeleton structure 20 having the same structure as the amino acid model described above is used.
Is connected to the vertices of the quadrangular structure 30 representing peptide bonds formed in the shape of a quadrilateral plate, thereby forming a molecular structure model of the protein. Note that, in this model as well, each plate-like portion is colored as in the first embodiment, but in FIG.
Instead of representing the coloring, the atoms (atomic groups involved in bonding in the case of atomic groups) shown at each vertex are indicated by symbols. In a protein, one central carbon atom (C _α ) in the polypeptide chain is replaced by the next central carbon atom (C _α ).
All the atoms up to _α ) are arranged on the same plane, and the bond distance and bond angle are almost constant, but the central carbon atom (C _α )
Have two degrees of freedom rotatable about the bond axis between the carbon atom and the N atom and the bond axis between the central carbon atom (C _α ) and the C atom.

In order to realize the above-mentioned structure, for example, a strip such as a string or a wire having flexibility is introduced into the plate-shaped portions of the tetrahedral skeleton structure portion 20 and the quadrilateral structure portion 30 to form The vertices indicating (the carbon atoms of) the carboxyl groups 14 in the body skeleton structure portion 20 and the vertices indicating the carbon atoms in the quadrilateral structure portion 30 are abutted against each other so that the above-mentioned strip passes through the abutting portion. Should be fixed to. In this structure, the apex of the tetrahedral skeleton structure 20 and the apex of the quadrilateral structure 30 are maintained in a state where they abut each other. Can rotate around the axis of. Further, by forming a universal joint as the butting portion, a structure having the same degree of freedom is obtained. Of course, the central carbon atom 11 and the carboxyl group 14
Around the bond axis with, and the central carbon atom 11
It can also be configured such that only rotation about the bond axis between the amino group 13 and the amino group 13 is possible.

According to this model, it is also possible to represent the secondary structure of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding (three-dimensional structure connected in a chain), such as α-helix and β sheet.

Third Embodiment Next, a molecular structure model of tartaric acid will be described. Tartaric acid also needs a chiral molecular structure without mirror symmetry. The structure shown in FIG. 4 (a) is called D (−)-tartaric acid.
The structure shown in (b) is called L (+)-tartaric acid. FIG. 4 (c) shows what is called meso-tartaric acid, in which a chiral structural portion forms a pair to form an achiral molecular structure having mirror symmetry as a whole. is there. Among them, D-form and L-form are optical isomers. The connecting arm shown in each figure indicates that the thinner side protrudes below the paper surface.

This model is shown in FIG. 4 (d). A tetrahedral skeleton structure of the same shape, which is slightly vertically long (long in the vertical direction in the figure), is turned upside down, and furthermore, 60 times around the vertical axis. It has a structure combined in a posture rotated by degrees. Above the tetrahedral skeleton structure 40 is disposed vertices P ₁ to P ₃ on the upper end, the remaining one vertex coincides with the center point CT ₂ tetrahedral skeleton structure 50 of the lower. Tetrahedral skeleton structure 50 downward, the lower end vertex Q ₁ to Q ₃ is disposed is configured as the remaining one vertex coincides with the center point CT ₁ of the upper skeleton structure 40. In addition, the plate-shaped portions B _{4 to} B ₆ and D _{4 to} D _6
6 is alternately connected either in a form of sharing the edge line connecting the center point CT ₁ and CT _2.

Also in this model, the plate portions B ₁ and B ₂
And B ₃ is colored in mutually different colors, also,
The plate portions D ₁ , D ₂ and D ₃ are also colored in different tones. Thus, hydrogen atoms bonded to the central carbon atom represented by the center point CT _1, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, distinguished by the combination of different shades in the two plate-shaped portions different in the plate-like portion B _1, B ₂ and B ₃ The vertices P _{1 to} P ₁ where the two plate-shaped portions are connected
₃ will be shown. Further, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxyl group bonded to the central carbon atom indicated by the central point CT2 can be distinguished by a combination of different colors in two different plate-like portions among the plate-like portions D ₁ , D _2, and D _3. A vertex Q to which the two plate-shaped portions are connected.
It will be represented by ₁ to Q _3.

Therefore, the three types of tartaric acid shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C are respectively plate-shaped portions B _{1 to} B ₃ and D _{1 to} D _{3 according to the} structural model shown in FIG. 4D. All can be expressed simply by changing the arrangement of color tones,
They can be clearly distinguished from each other. By using this model, the structures of the above three types of tartaric acid can be explained very easily, and the explained side can also be intuitively understood. In particular, three models
By describing the surface area of the upper end face where the _three plate-shaped parts B _{1 to} B ₃ are arranged and the surface area of the lower end face where the plate-shaped parts D _{1 to} D ₃ are arranged, the three models can be easily replaced. Differences can be shown.

[0027]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Depending on the type of atom or ion or atomic group indicated by the apex, the plurality of plate-shaped portions have different appearances, so that atoms or ions between models showing a plurality of molecular structures that do not have mirror symmetry Alternatively, differences in the arrangement of atomic groups can be distinguished from each other by the appearance of the plate-like portion. In addition, since differences in the arrangement of atoms or ions or atomic groups are indicated by different appearances between a plurality of plate-like portions, it is only necessary to change the appearance for each plate-like portion, which unnecessarily complicates model production. Nothing to do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a chemical structural formula (a) showing the structure of an amino acid represented in the first embodiment of the molecular structure model according to the present invention;
FIGS. 3B and 3D are perspective views showing the appearance of the first embodiment viewed from three directions.

FIG. 2 is perspective views (a) and (b) showing two optical isomers of an amino acid according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a chemical structural formula (a) showing the structure of a protein expressed in the second embodiment of the molecular structure model according to the present invention.
It is a perspective view (b) showing the appearance of a 2nd embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the chemical structural formulas (a) to (c) showing the structures of three types of tartaric acid expressed in the third embodiment of the molecular structure model according to the present invention, and the appearance of the third embodiment. (D).

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 amino acid 11 central carbon atom 12 hydrogen atom 13 amino group 14 carboxyl group 15 side chain 20 tetrahedral skeleton structure part 30 quadrilateral structure part 40 upper tetrahedral skeleton structure part 50 lower tetrahedral skeleton structure part

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of plate portions connected in common at a center point and arranged around the center point are connected to each other by an intersection line, and an outer edge of the plate portion forms a ridge line. And a skeleton structure in which the ridge lines are connected to each other to form a vertex, the ridge line corresponds to a ridge line between each face of the polyhedron, and the vertex corresponds to a vertex of the polyhedron. Wherein at least a part of the center point and the vertex represent the position of an atom or an ion or an atomic group, and at least a part of the intersection line and the ridge line is an atom or an ion or an atomic group. The skeleton structure represents a molecular structure having no mirror symmetry, and the plurality of plate-like portions are formed by the kind of atom or ion or atomic group represented by the apex or Depending on the type of the bond shown by the ridge, the molecular structure model, characterized in that it comprises at least two different appearance from each other. 2. The combination according to claim 1, wherein a type of an atom, an ion, or an atomic group indicated by the vertex, and a combination of appearances of at least two of the plurality of plate portions constituting the vertex. A molecular structure model characterized in that they correspond to each other. 3. An outer edge of the surface region in the skeleton structure in a surface region including a plurality of plate-like portions surrounded by three or more ridge lines around the center point in the skeleton structure. Wherein the type of the atom, ion or atomic group represented by the apex formed on the surface corresponds to the combination of the appearances of the two plate-like portions in the surface region constituting the apex. Molecular structure model. 4. One of claims 1 to 3
3. The molecular structure model according to item 1, wherein the skeleton structure is connected to another structural part at at least one of the center point, the vertex, and the ridge line.