JP2001051205A - Video type stereo microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To incorporate information used in common for focusing and magnification adjustment of a relay optical system within an image by an image pickup unit. SOLUTION: Right and left photographing optical systems are respectively constituted of objective optical systems 220 and 230 to form the image of an observation object, and relay optical systems 240 and 250 by which the primary image by the objective optical systems 220 and 230 is relayed and reformed to/at each area of a CCD 116. Visual field diaphragms 270 and 271 for shielding an area which does not correspond to itself at the CCD are arranged on a forming surface of the primary image by respective objective optical systems 220 and 230. The visual field diaphragms 270 and 271 are provided with a marking, that is movable within the forming surface of the primary image and with which the image is formed on the CCD, when a visual field frame is moved even though the image is not normally formed on the CCD.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a video stereo microscope which magnifies an object to be observed and shoots a video as a stereoscopic image. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of forming a subject image once at a field stop position. The present invention relates to a video stereoscopic microscope for re-imaging an image on an imaging surface together with an image of the image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A video-type stereo microscope of this type is used, for example, in treating fine tissue such as in neurosurgery.

That is, since it is difficult to visually discriminate an organ composed of fine tissues such as the brain with the naked eye, such an organ must be treated under a microscope. Moreover, since it is impossible to recognize the three-dimensional structure of the tissue with a monocular microscope, the binocular microscope is used for such a procedure because the tissue can be magnified three-dimensionally and an accurate treatment can be performed. Had been.

[0004] In a conventional binocular optical microscope, a surgeon in charge of surgery (or an assistant in some cases) can see a microscope image,
Others (eg, anesthesiologist, nurse, resident, advisor at a remote location) cannot see the same microscopic image, so they can perform quick and accurate sharing work or provide appropriate advice from a remote location. Could not do. Therefore, in recent years, instead of the binocular optical microscope, a video stereo microscope has been proposed in which left and right subject images are video-photographed by the binocular microscope and used for stereoscopic observation on a plurality of monitors.

[0005] For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2607828, the optical axes of the left and right objective optical systems of a binocular microscope are arranged and reached on the imaging surface of the same imaging device by a large number of lenses and prisms. A video stereomicroscope for arranging left and right object images side by side to form an image is described.

[0006] However, although the structure of the video stereo microscope is not described in detail in this publication, the left and right subject images are efficiently arranged on an imaging surface having a limited aspect ratio, and these left and right subject images are mutually placed. In order not to overlap each other, a boundary line that separates the imaging regions of the right and left subject images on the imaging surface is defined, and the left and right objective optical systems form images once in the air, respectively. It is conceivable that a portion that protrudes from the boundary line defined in the above is shielded by a field stop 400 as shown in FIG. 28, and the remaining portion is re-imaged on each imaging area of the imaging surface by a relay lens.

[0007]

In the case of employing such a configuration, after the position of the object image (primary image) formed by the objective lens coincides with the position of the field stop 400 in the optical axis direction, the primary image is formed. It is necessary to focus the relay lens so that it is re-imaged as a secondary image on the imaging surface.
When the relay lens also functions as the magnifying optical system, it is necessary to adjust the magnification of the relay lens so that the magnification on the left and right sides match.

In this case, if the focus is simply adjusted, the focus can be adjusted based on the contrast of the image at the outer edge (knife edge) of the field stop 400.

However, since the outer edge image of the field stop 400 is apparently unaffected by the magnification, it is impossible to adjust the magnification of the relay lens based on this outer edge image.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made based on the recognition of such a problem, and a problem thereof is that a video stereoscopic microscope incorporating a relay optical system is commonly used for focus adjustment and magnification adjustment of the relay optical system. The present invention provides a configuration in which the information used for the image pickup device can be included in the image obtained by the imaging device, and thereby the focus adjustment and the magnification adjustment of the relay optical system can be easily performed.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a video stereo microscope according to the present invention comprises a pair of photographing optical systems arranged at a predetermined base length apart from each other. A stereomicroscope that forms an image of the same object in a corresponding region of the two regions divided in the direction of the base line length and captures images simultaneously by the imaging device, wherein each imaging optical system includes an optical system. An objective optical system that forms a primary image of the observation object, a relay optical system that relays a primary image formed by the objective optical system and re-images it as a secondary image, and shifts an optical axis of the relay optical system An inter-optical axis distance reducing element for guiding the image pickup surface to a region corresponding to the self-photographing optical system, and the relay when arranged at a predetermined position in a plane where the primary image is formed by the objective optical system. A field stop that shields a part conjugate to a region corresponding to the other imaging optical system in the imaging surface with respect to the optical system, and a conjugate outside the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system when the field stop is arranged at the predetermined position. Marking formed on the field stop at a certain position,
A moving mechanism that moves the field stop between the predetermined position and the position where the marking is conjugate with the inside of the imaging plane with respect to the relay optical system in the plane.

With this configuration, when the field stop is moved to the predetermined position by the moving mechanism, the image of the observation object by the objective optical system of each photographing optical system arranged via the predetermined base line length is changed. Is once formed as the primary image on the same plane as the field stop. Of the primary image, with respect to the relay optical system of the photographing optical system, a portion conjugate with a region corresponding to another photographing optical system on the imaging surface of the imaging device is blocked by the field stop. Therefore, the portion of the primary image that is not blocked by the field stop is the optical axis distance reduction optics.
The optical axis shifted by the system is relayed by a relay optical system, and an image is formed on a region corresponding to the self-photographing optical system on the imaging surface. Therefore, the secondary images of the same observation target object by the respective imaging optical systems are formed side by side on the same imaging surface without overlapping each other. At this time, the image of the marking is also formed by the relay optical system, but the imaging position is out of the imaging surface, so that the image is not captured. On the other hand, when the field stop is moved by the moving mechanism to a position where the marking is conjugate with the optical system with respect to the imaging surface, the image of the marking is captured on the imaging surface by the relay optical system. Is done. In this way, the marking images of each photographing optical system are formed on the imaging surface, and the magnification of the relay optical system of each photographing optical system is adjusted so that the size of each marking image becomes equal to each other. It is possible to make the magnifications of the photographing optical systems coincide. Further, it is also possible to adjust the focus of each relay optical system based on the blur state of the image of each marking. After adjusting the magnification and the focus of the relay optical systems of the two photographing optical systems in this way, if the field stop of each photographing optical system is returned to a predetermined position by the moving mechanism, the size of the two secondary images formed on the image pickup surface is increased. , So that accurate stereoscopic observation is possible.

In the present invention, since the marking only needs to be provided on the field stop, the marking may be formed as a transmission type or a reflection type. In the former case, it may be a circular hole or a square hole formed in the field stop, or a slit. In the latter case, printing, engraving, or stickers formed on the field stop may be used. In the latter case, means for illuminating this marking is required.

Further, since the marking needs to be understood by its enlargement ratio, it is necessary that the size range is limited or that the marking has a scale like a scale of a ruler. In the latter case, if the scales of the markings in the secondary image match each other, the magnification of both imaging optical systems will match regardless of whether the overall size of the markings match each other. Can be determined to be. On the other hand, in the former case, it is desirable that the sizes of the entire markings match each other or that the markings have a simple ratio such as 1: 2.

The moving mechanism only needs to be able to move at least the field stop between two positions, so that the field stop may be moved linearly, or the field stop may be rotated. There may be. Further, a mechanism combining a mechanism for rotating the field stop and a mechanism for moving the field stop straight may be used.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0017]

Embodiment 1 A video stereo microscope according to a first embodiment described below (hereinafter simply referred to as “stereo microscope”).
Is used, for example, by being incorporated into an operation support system used in neurosurgery. This surgery support system combines a stereoscopic image (stereo image) obtained by video-taking a patient's tissue with a stereoscopic microscope with a CG (computer graphic) image created based on data of an affected part obtained in advance. And display it on the surgeon's dedicated stereoscopic viewer or monitor for other staff.
This is a system for recording on a recording device. (Overall Configuration of Surgery Support System) FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of the surgery support system. This figure 1
As shown in FIG.
01, a high-vision CCD camera 102 attached near the upper end of the back of the stereoscopic microscope 101, and a microscope position measuring device 103 also attached near the lower end.
A counter weight 104 attached to the upper surface of the stereo microscope 101; a light guide fiber 105 that penetrates through the through hole formed in the counter weight 104 and is conducted to the inside of the stereo microscope 101; A light source device 106 for introducing illumination light to the stereo microscope 101 through the optical system, a surgical planning computer 108 having a disk device 107, a real-time CG creating device 109 connected to the microscope position measuring device 103 and the surgical planning computer 108, An image synthesizing device 110 connected to the real-time CG creating device 109 and the high-vision CCD camera 102, a distributor 111 connected to the image synthesizing device 110, a recording device 115, a monitor 114, and a stereoscopic device connected to the distributor 111. Visual viewer 13, etc., are constructed.

The above-mentioned disk device 107 has a patient P
Images (CT scan images, MRI images, SPEC) obtained by previously imaging the affected area with various imaging devices
T images, angiographic images, etc.) and three-dimensional data of the diseased part and peripheral tissues created in advance based on these various images are stored. Note that the three-dimensional data is based on three-dimensional local coordinates defined using a reference point (marking or the like) set at a specific portion of the patient's outer skin or internal tissue as the origin, shape and size of the affected part and surrounding tissue. The data specifies the position in a vector format or a map format.

The above-mentioned stereo microscope 101 is connected to the first stand 10 via a mount attached to the back of the microscope.
The free arm 100a is detachably fixed to the tip of the free arm 100a. Therefore, the stereoscopic microscope 101 is movable within a radius that the tip of the free arm 100a of the first stand 100 can reach, and can be oriented in any direction. However, here, for convenience, the direction of the subject with respect to the stereoscopic microscope 101 is defined as “down”, and the opposite direction is defined as “up”.

The optical configuration inside the stereo microscope 101 will be described in detail later.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the observation target includes a large-diameter close-up optical system 210 having a single optical axis, and a pair of left and right that converge light transmitted through different portions of the close-up optical system 210. Zoom optical system 220, 2
An objective optical system consisting of 30
The images are formed as primary images at positions 0 and 271, respectively.
These left and right primary images are formed by a pair of left and right relay optical systems 24.
0, 250, is introduced into the high-vision CCD camera 102, and the left and right imaging regions (vertical and horizontal aspect ratios) of the CCD 116 as an imaging device having an imaging surface of a high-vision size (vertical and horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 16). 9: 8), they are re-imaged as secondary images. Close-up optical system 21 in this optical system
0, one zoom optical system 220 and one relay optical system 240 constitute one photographing optical system, and the close-up optical system 210, the other zoom optical system 230 and the other relay optical system 250 constitute the other photographing optical system. And a pair of photographing optical systems arranged at a predetermined base line distance from each other.

With such a pair of photographing optical systems, CC
Left and right imaging regions on the imaging surface of D116 (two regions divided in the direction of the base line length on the imaging surface)
Is equivalent to a stereo image in which images respectively taken from two locations separated by a predetermined base line length are arranged on the left and right. The output signal of the CCD 116 is generated as a Hi-Vision signal by the image processor 117 and output from the Hi-Vision CCD camera 102 to the image synthesizing device 110.

The stereoscopic microscope 101 has a built-in illumination optical system 300 (see FIG. 6) for illuminating an object to be observed near the focal point of the close-up optical system 210. Then, illumination light is introduced into the illumination optical system 300 from the light source device 106 via the light guide fiber bundle 105.

Returning to FIG. 1, the microscope position measuring device 103 attached to the stereoscopic microscope 101 has a distance to an object to be observed existing on the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210.
The three-dimensional direction of the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 and the position of the reference point are measured, and the position of the observation target in the local coordinates is calculated based on the measured information. Then, the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation target is notified to the real-time CG creation device 109.

This real-time CG creation device 109
Based on the information of the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation object notified from the microscope position measuring device 103, and the three-dimensional data downloaded from the surgical planning computer 108, the affected part (for example, a tumor) is determined from the direction of the optical axis. CG image equivalent to stereoscopic viewing (eg, wireframe image)
Generate in real time. This CG image is generated as a stereoscopic image (stereo image) at the same base length and the same subject distance as the optical system in the stereoscopic microscope 101. Then, the real-time CG creation device 109 inputs a CG image signal indicating the CG image generated in this way to the image synthesis device 110 as needed.

The image synthesizing device 110 converts the Hi-Vision signal of the actual observation object input from the Hi-Vision CCD camera 102 into a real-time CG generating device 109.
Is superimposed by adjusting the scale of the CG image signal obtained from. In the image indicated by the high-definition signal in which the CG image signal is superimposed, the shape of the affected part,
The size and position are shown as a CG image such as a wire frame. The superimposed Hi-Vision signal is transmitted by the distributor 111 to the stereoscopic viewer 113 for the operator D, the monitor 114 for other surgical staff or an advisor at a remote location, and the recording device 115. Supplied respectively.

The stereoscopic viewer 113 includes the second stand 1
Twelve free arms 112a are attached by hanging from the tips. Therefore, it is possible to arrange the stereoscopic viewer 113 according to a posture in which the main operator D can easily perform the treatment. FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic viewer 113. As shown in FIG. 3, the stereoscopic viewer 113 includes a high-definition LCD panel 12.
0 is built in as a monitor. This LCD panel 1
When an image based on the high-definition signal from the distributor is displayed on the LCD 20, an image captured in the left imaging area of the CCD 116 is provided on the left half 120b of the LCD panel 120, as shown in the plan view of FIG. The right half 120a displays an image photographed in the right photographing area of the CCD 116. The boundary 120c between these left and right images is shifted or tilted depending on the position adjustment of the field stops 270 and 271 described later. The optical path in the stereoscopic viewer 113 is divided into right and left by a partition wall 121 installed perpendicularly to the boundary line 120c when the field stops 270 and 271 are accurately adjusted. On both sides of the partition 121, the LCD panel 1
Wedge prism 119 and eyepiece 1 in order from the 20 side
18 are arranged. This eyepiece 118 is an LC
This lens forms a virtual image of an image displayed on the D panel 120 by enlarging it at a position about 1 m (-1 diopter) in front of the observation eye I. The wedge prism 119 corrects the traveling direction of light so that the angle of convergence of the observation eye I is equal to the angle at which an object existing 1 m ahead is observed, thereby enabling natural stereoscopic observation.

As described above, in the image stereoscopically viewed by the stereoscopic viewer 113 or the image displayed on the monitor 114, as described above, detection has been performed based on images previously photographed by various photographing devices. A CG such as a wire frame indicating the shape, size and position of an affected part such as a tumor is superimposed. Therefore, the main operator D or other surgical staff observing these,
An affected part that is difficult to identify in an actual video can be easily identified. As a result, accurate and prompt treatment can be performed. (Configuration of stereo microscope) Next, the stereo microscope 101 described above is used.
The specific configuration of the camera (including the high-vision CCD camera 102) will be described in detail. As shown in the perspective view of FIG.
02 has a substantially prismatic shape with a flat rear surface and chamfered edges on both sides of the front surface (opposite side surface of the rear surface). At the center of the upper surface, a concave portion 101a having a circular opening is formed. At the center of the concave portion 101a, an insertion opening (not shown) for inserting a guide pipe 122 which is a cylindrical member into which the tip of the light guide fiber bundle 105 is inserted and fixed is formed. The annular member (fiber guide insertion portion) 123 attached to the opening of the insertion port is a chuck for fixing the guide pipe 122 inserted in the insertion port. <Optical Configuration> Next, the optical configuration in the stereomicroscope 101 will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a perspective view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system, FIG. 7 is a side view, FIG. 8 is a front view, and FIG. 9 is a plan view.

As shown in FIG. 6, the microscope optical system includes a photographing optical system (a pair of left and right photographing optical systems) 200 for electronically photographing an image of a subject, and a light guide fiber bundle 10.
5 and an illumination optical system 300 for illuminating the subject with illumination light guided from the light source device 106.

A photographing optical system (a pair of left and right photographing optical systems) 20
0 is an objective optical system including one close-up optical system 210 shared by the left and right, and a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above;
A pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 for relaying a primary image of a subject formed by the objective optical system to form a secondary image of the subject, and these relay optical systems 240 and 2
And a converging prism 260 as an inter-optical axis distance reducing element for bringing the subject light from the lens 50 closer to each other.

Field stops 270 and 271 are disposed at positions where the primary images are formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively. The relay optical systems 240 and 250 are provided as optical path deflecting elements for deflecting the optical path at right angles. Are disposed, respectively.

With such a configuration, the CCD camera 10
The left and right subject images having a predetermined parallax can be formed in two adjacent regions on the CCD 116 arranged in the second CCD 2. In the description of the optical system, “left and right” is C
When projected onto the CD 116, the direction coincides with the longitudinal direction of the imaging surface, and “up / down” refers to the direction orthogonal to the left / right direction on the CCD 116. Hereinafter, the configuration of each optical system will be described in order.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the close-up optical system 210 is configured by arranging a negative first lens 211 and a positive second lens 212 in order from the object side. The second lens 212 is movable in the optical axis direction,
The focus can be adjusted for objects at different distances by the movement adjustment.

That is, the close-up optical system 210
Has a collimating function that is adjusted so that the subject is located at the focal position, and converts divergent light from the subject into substantially parallel light.

First and second close-up optical systems 210
Each of the lenses 211 and 212 has a substantially semicircular shape in which the planar shape viewed from the optical axis direction is D-cut, and the illumination optical system 300 is disposed in the cut portion.

The pair of zoom optical systems 220 and 230 focus the subject light from the close-up optical system 210 at infinity at the positions of the field stops 270 and 271 respectively.

One zoom optical system 220 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in (1), the first and fourth lenses are configured in order from the close-up optical system 210 side, having first to fourth lens groups 221, 222, 223, and 224 having positive, negative, negative, and positive powers, respectively. The groups 221 and 224 are fixed, and zooming is performed by moving the second and third lens groups 222 and 223 in the optical axis direction. The magnification is changed mainly by moving the second lens group 222, and the focal position is kept constant by moving the third lens group 223.

The other zoom optical system 230 has the same configuration as the above-described zoom optical system 220, and includes first to fourth lens groups 231, 232, 233, and 234. These zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are linked by a drive mechanism (not shown), and can simultaneously change the photographing magnification of the left and right images.

Optical axes Ax of zoom optical systems 220 and 230
2, Ax3 is the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210.
And the zoom optical systems 220 and 23
The plane including the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 0 is parallel to the plane and includes the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210.
It is separated by Δ on the opposite side of the D cut portion.

The diameter of the close-up optical system 210 is set to be larger than the diameter of a circle containing the maximum effective diameter of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 and the maximum effective diameter of the illumination optical system 300. As described above, the zoom optical systems 220 and 2
The 30 optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 are close-up optical systems 210.
By setting the optical axis Ax1 at a position farther from the D-cut portion than the optical axis Ax1, the illumination optical system 300 can also be accommodated within the diameter occupied by the close-up optical system 210 , and the whole can be made compact.

The field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the positions of the primary images formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230. As shown in FIG. 6, the field stops 270 and 271 have a circular outer shape, and have semicircular openings on the inner side in the left-right direction. Each of the field stops 270 and 271 is arranged such that the straight edge of the opening coincides with the direction corresponding to the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116, and transmits only light beams inside the boundary.

As described above, in the microscope of the embodiment, since the left and right secondary images are formed in the adjacent areas on the single CCD 116, the boundaries between the left and right images on the CCD 116 are clarified so that the images overlap. Need to be prevented. For this reason, the field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the position of the primary image. By making the straight edge of the semicircular aperture function as a so-called knife edge and transmitting only the light beam inside the edge, the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116 can be clarified.

The primary images formed on the field stops 270 and 271 are re-imaged by the relay optical systems 240 and 250 to become secondary images, and the primary image and the secondary image are inverted vertically and horizontally. . Therefore, the knife edge that defines the outside in the left-right direction at the position of the primary image defines the inside in the left-right direction at the position of the secondary image, that is, the boundary between the left and right images.

The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have the function of re-forming the primary image formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above, and each is constituted by three positive lens groups.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, one relay optical system 240 includes a first lens group 241 composed of a single positive meniscus lens and a second lens group 242 having a positive power as a whole. And a third lens group 243 composed of a single biconvex lens. The first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242 have the object-side focal point as a whole fixed at the image forming plane of the primary image by the zoom optical system 220 (the same plane as the field stop 271). Further, the third lens group 243 is the second lens group 2
The parallel light emitted from 42 is converged on the imaging surface of CCD 116. A pentaprism 272 for deflecting the optical path at right angles is disposed between the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242, and a light amount adjustment is provided between the second lens group 242 and the third lens group 243. Brightness stop 244 is provided.

The other relay optical system 250 has the same configuration as the above-mentioned relay optical system 240, and includes first, second, and third lens groups 251, 252, and 253. A pentaprism 273 is disposed between the second lens group 252 and the lens group 252, and a brightness stop 254 is provided between the second lens group 252 and the third lens group 253.

The divergent light that has passed through the field stops 270 and 271 is again converted into almost parallel light by the first lens group 241 and 251 and the second lens group 242 and 252 of the relay optical system. After passing through, the image is formed again by the third lens groups 243 and 253 to form a secondary image.

By disposing the pentaprisms 272 and 273 in the relay optical systems 240 and 250, the photographing optical system 20 along the optical axis direction of the close-up optical system 210 can be obtained.
0 can be shortened.

The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have their second lenses 242 and 252 and third lenses 243 and 25, respectively.
3 is adjustable in the optical axis direction and in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. These second and third lens groups 242, 252, 24
3, 253 in the direction of the optical axis to move the first lens group 24
1, 251 and the second lens groups 242, 252, the relay optical systems 240, 2
The magnification (image height of the secondary image) of the entire 50 can be adjusted. Further, by moving only the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the optical axis direction, the back focus of the relay optical system is changed, and the focus of the CCD 116 can be adjusted. Further, the second lens groups 242, 252 and the third
By adjusting the lens groups 243 and 253 integrally in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the position of the secondary image in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis can be adjusted. For such adjustment, the second lens group 242 and 252 and the third lens group 24
3, 253 are held by an integral outer lens barrel (second lens frame 32 and third lens mounting frame 34), and the third lens group 24
3, 253 is further held in an inner barrel (third lens frame 35) movable in the optical axis direction with respect to this barrel.

As described above, since the second lens group 242, 252 and the third lens group 243, 253 move for adjustment, the pentaprism 272,
The provision of 273 complicates the adjustment mechanism. Therefore, the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are provided with the field stops 270 and 271.
And the second lens group 242, 252. Further, since the degree of divergence of the subject light is weakened by the first lens groups 241 and 251, the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are connected to the first lens groups 241 and 25 as in the embodiment in order to reduce the effective diameter of the pentaprism.
It is desirable to provide between the first lens group 242 and the second lens group 252.

A convergence shifting prism 260 disposed between the relay optical systems 240 and 250 and the CCD camera 102
Has a function of narrowing the left and right intervals of subject light from the respective relay optical systems 240 and 250. In order to obtain a stereoscopic effect by stereoscopic vision, left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 23 are used.
0, a predetermined base line length is required between the relay optical systems 240 and 250. On the other hand, in order to form a secondary image in an adjacent area on the CCD 116, the distance between the optical axes needs to be smaller than the base length. Therefore, the congestion approaching prism 260
By shifting the optical axis of the relay optical system inward, the same CCD can be maintained while maintaining a predetermined base line length.
It allows for upward imaging.

The converging prism 260 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 5, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 of a pentagonal prism are arranged to face each other with a gap of about 0.1 mm.

As shown in FIG. 9, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 have an incident end face and an exit end face parallel to each other, and have first and second reflection faces parallel to each other inside and outside. ing. When viewed in a plane perpendicular to the entrance and exit end faces and the reflection surface, these optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 form one of the acute apex angles of the parallelogram as a line perpendicular to the exit end face. It is a pentagonal shape formed by cutting out with.

The subject light from the relay optical systems 240 and 250 enters from the entrance end faces of the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262, is reflected by the outer reflecting surface, is directed inward in the left and right direction, and is directed to the inner reflecting surface. Is reflected again in the same optical axis direction as at the time of incidence, exits from the exit end face, and is
Incident on. As a result, the left and right object lights are narrowed only in the left and right intervals without changing their traveling directions, and the same CCD 1
16 to form a secondary image.

The illumination optical system 300 has a function of projecting illumination light onto a subject, and as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an illumination lens 310 for adjusting the degree of divergence of divergent light emitted from the light guide fiber bundle 105. And a wedge prism 320 for matching the illumination range and the photographing range. The optical axis Ax4 of the illumination lens 310 is, as shown in FIG.
Since it is parallel to 1 and is eccentric by a predetermined amount, the center of the illumination range and the center of the photographing range do not match, and the amount of illumination light is wasted. By providing the wedge prism 310, the above mismatch can be eliminated, and the amount of illumination light can be used effectively. <Optical System Holding Mechanism> Next, a mechanical configuration of a mechanism for holding the optical systems after the field stops 270 and 271 in the above-described photographing optical system will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the above-mentioned pair of left and right field stops 270 and 271, and the relay optical systems 240 and 250 including the pentaprisms 272 and 273 and the brightness stops 244 and 254 are previously integrated as a unit (relay unit unit). After being assembled as 1), it is attached inside the housing of the stereo microscope 101.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is viewed obliquely from above from the front.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is looked up obliquely from the lower front. These FIGS. 11 and 12
As shown in FIG. 2, the relay unit 1 is mounted on a reference frame 2 fixed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.
A pair of left and right field stop holders 3 and 4, respectively, front barrel 5,
6, a pentaprism 272, 273, and a rear barrel 7,
8 is assembled. Less than,
The description of each of these units constituting the relay unit 1 will be made in order.

First, the reference frame 2 is a relay optical system 2
The pentaprism 272 (27) at 40 (250)
The first lens group 2 is arranged such that the cross-sectional shape of the plane including the optical axis Ax2 (Ax3) before and after 3) is substantially L-shaped.
41 (251) and a plate-like pentabase 21 orthogonal to the optical axis and a rear end of the pentabase 21 (the second lens group 2).
42 (the edge on the side of (252)), and has a schematic shape in which the mount portion 22 which stands vertically from the mount portion 22 is integrated.

The rear end face (surface on the second lens group 242 (252) side) 22a of the mount section 22 is
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing only the rear end face side.
The optical axes Ax2 and Ax of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are formed as rectangular flat surfaces as shown in FIG.
3 is applied to a reference plane (not shown) formed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101 and positioned so as to be exactly parallel to a plane including both of them. Therefore, the rear end surface 22a is a reference for all processing in the relay unit 1, and is hereinafter referred to as a "processing reference surface 22a".

When the relay unit 1 is fixed to the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101, the light passes through the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 bent at right angles by the prisms 272 and 273, respectively. Axis A
The through holes 22b, 22b having a circular cross section centering on the passing positions of x2 and Ax3 are opened so as to be symmetrical. And the processing reference surface 22a of each of these through holes 22b
In order to fix the rear barrels 7 and 8,
The receiving seat 22c is coaxial with the through hole 22b and has an inner diameter about three times that of the through hole 22b. Since each of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 passes through a position slightly deviated from the center in the vertical direction on the processing reference surface 22a to the lower end side,
A part of each receiving seat 22c reaches the lower edge of the mount portion 22 (the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21) and opens in a C- shape .

Also, around the receiving seats 22c on the processing reference surface 22a, screw holes for screwing and fixing the decenter adjustment rings 30 (see FIGS. 20 and 21) of the rear barrels 7 and 8, which will be described later, respectively. 22d are formed at three positions at equal angular intervals with respect to the center of each through hole 22b. Further, on the bottom surface of each receiving seat 22c, the second barrels of the rear barrels 7, 8 described later are provided.
The fixing through holes 22e of the lens frame mounting ring 31 (see FIGS. 20 and 21) are formed at three positions at equal angular intervals with respect to the center of each receiving seat 22c.

On the other hand, the upper and lower surfaces of the penta-base portion 21 are machined so as to be exactly perpendicular to the machining reference plane 22a and to be exactly parallel to a plane including the center axis of both through holes 22b. I have. In addition, this penta base 21
Along the shape inside the housing of the stereomicroscope 101,
It is formed symmetrically.

As shown in FIG. 20, the relay unit 1 is attached to the pentabase 22 with the stereo microscope 10.
Each zoom optical system 220,
In order to pass the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 230, through-holes 21a, 21a having a circular cross section centering on the passing positions of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 are opened so as to be left-right symmetric. The upper half of each through hole 21a is formed as a female screw, and the lower half is formed as a receiving seat. The front lens barrels 5, 6 are screwed into the through holes 21a, 21a, respectively, from the openings on the lower surface thereof. The front lens barrels 5 and 6 have first lens groups 241 and 251 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250 therein.
Is fixed to the pentabase portion 21 by screwing a slightly smaller male screw formed at the rear end thereof into the female screw of the through holes 21a, 21a.

Further, on the upper surface side of the pentabase portion 21, the through holes 21a, 21a are formed with two prism fixing grooves 21b, formed perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a.
It is open at the bottom of 21b. Each prism fixing groove 21b
Is formed in a rectangular cross section having substantially the same width as each of the pentaprisms 272 and 273, and the bottom surface thereof is parallel to the upper surface of the pentabase portion 21. Each pentaprism 272, 273 is connected to each prism fixing groove 21b, 21.
b, and the incident surface of each of the through holes 21a, 21a
In contact with the bottom surfaces of the prism fixing grooves 21b, 21b. Then, each pentaprism 272, 2
The fixing band 9 hung on the slope between the first and second reflecting surfaces 73, is fixed to the pentagonal base section 21. Accordingly, the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the first lens groups 241 and 251 are aligned with the through holes 2 of the pentabase 21.
It is deflected at a right angle in a plane including the central axis of 1a and the central axis of the through-hole 22b of the mount part 22, and penetrates at right angles to the processing reference plane 22a.

Further, at the center in the left-right direction on the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21, a rear end surface flush with the processing reference surface 22a, the processing reference surface 22a and the pentabase portion 21 are provided.
Both sides perpendicular to the lower surface of the penta-base and the penta-base portion 2
A holder supporting portion 23 having a lower surface parallel to the lower surface of the first member 1 is integrally formed so as to protrude. The holder support portion 23 holds the pair of left and right field stop holders 3, 4 described above in parallel with the processing reference plane 22 a and in both first lens groups 241, 251.
Are held so as to be position-adjustable only in a direction orthogonal to the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. Hereinafter, the configurations of the holder support 23 and the field stop holders 3 and 4 will be described.

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along a plane through which the optical axis Ax2 passes, FIG. 15 is a transverse sectional view taken along line XV-XV in FIG. 14, and FIG.
a-XVIa and a vertical section along the line XVIb-XVIb
It is a synthetic cross-sectional view of a vertical cross section along a line. As shown in each of these sectional views and the perspective view of FIG.
3 has two bearing holes 23 perpendicular to both side surfaces thereof.
a and 23b are formed to penetrate in a positional relationship symmetrical to each other with respect to a plane including both optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. Each of the bearing holes 23a and 23b has a guide pin 1 having substantially the same diameter as the bearing holes 23a and 23b.
0 and 11 are rotatably inserted.

Each of these guide pins 10 and 11 has the same cylindrical shape, and the outer peripheral surface near one end thereof is formed with a protrusion of a male screw 10a or 11a.
Since the male screws 10a and 11a have a larger diameter than the bearing holes 23a and 23b, the guide pins 10 and 11 are separated from the end where the male screws 10a and 11a are not formed.
Each bearings holes 23a, is inserted into 23b. Specifically, for the shaft hole 23a on the side close to the processing reference surface 22a,
The guide pin 10 is inserted from the lower opening in FIG. 15, and the guide pin 11 is inserted into the other shaft hole 23b from the upper opening in FIG.

Each of the field stop holders 3 and 4 has a flat and substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the axis in the left-right direction is shorter than the axis in the front-rear direction, and at the center of the plane (the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21), Through holes 3a, 4a having an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the first lens groups 241, 251 penetrate vertically. The openings on the side of the pentabase 21 in the through holes 3a and 4a are:
It is formed as a slightly larger seat. Further, on both sides of the through holes 3a and 4a, a positional relationship symmetrical with respect to the center axis of the through holes 3a and 4a, and the holder support portion 23 is provided.
Screw holes 3b, 4 at the same intervals as the bearing holes 23a, 23b
b and straight holes 3c, 4c. The screw holes 3b and 4b are provided with the male screw 1 of each of the guide pins 10 and 11.
0a and 11a have inner diameters that can be screwed together, and the straight holes 3c and 4c have substantially the same inner diameter as the tips of the guide pins 10 and 11, respectively. The one field stop holder 3 has a male screw 11a of the guide pin 11 in its screw hole 3b.
Are screwed together, and the tip of the guide pin 10 is inserted into the straight hole 3c. The other field frame holder 4, together with the male screw 10a of the guide pin 10 is screwed into the screw holes 4b, the guide pin 11 is written to inserted into the straight bore 4c.

Each of the guide pins 10 and 11 has a side surface (the tip of the guide pin 10) of the holder support portion 23 in a state where the distance between the male screws 10a and 11a and the side surface of the holder support portion 23 is kept constant. E which abuts the side surface where
A ring 12 is fitted. Also, guide pin 1
A washer 13 whose inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the male screws 10a, 11a is inserted between the male screws 10a, 11a at 0 and 11 and the side surface of the holder support 23. And, between the washer 13 and the side surface of the holder supporting portion 23, the washer 1 is placed in a direction in which the guide pins 10 and 11 come off.
The compression spring 14 for urging the guide pins 3 is connected to each of the guide pins 10 and 11.
Is wound around. As a result, each of the guide pins 10 and 11 is connected to each of the bearing holes 23 a and
With respect to 23b, it is impossible to move back and forth in the axial direction.

[0068] With the above configuration, by rotating the one of the guide pins 1 1, it is one of the field stop holder 3, and move linearly in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis Ax2 along the machining reference surface 22a, the middle , The center of the through hole 3a intersects the optical axis Ax2. Further, by rotating the other guide pin 1 0, the other field stop holder 4, along the working reference surface 22a moves linearly in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis Ax3, at its middle, the center of the through hole 4a Is the optical axis A
Crosses x3. Therefore, the holder support portion 23 and the guide pins 10 and 11 correspond to support means.

[0069] Between the respective E-ring 12 and the side surface of the field stop holders 3 and 4, a compression spring 15 for urging in a direction to separate the respective field stop holders 3 and 4 from the holder support 23 is The guide pins 10 and 11 are wound around and mounted. Thereby, the male screw 1 of each guide pin 10, 11
0a, 11a and screw holes 3b of the field stop holders 3, 4;
The error caused by backlash between the field stop holders 4 and 4b is eliminated, and the positions of the field stop holders 3 and 4 are uniquely determined.

The through-holes 3a and 4a of the field stop holders 3 and 4 have a cylindrical field stop frame 16 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the through-holes 3a and 4a, respectively. , 4a so as to be rotatable with a predetermined friction. Upper end of each field stop frame 16 (front barrel 5,
A flange that fits into the receiving seat of the through-holes 3a, 4a is formed on the outer edge of the end opposite to 6). When the flanges are fitted in the receiving seats of the through holes 3a, 4a, the lower end of each field stop frame 16 protrudes slightly from the lower surface of each field stop holder 3, 4. At the lower end of the field stop frame 16, a notch 16 engaging with the tip of a flathead screwdriver is provided.
a is formed along a direction orthogonal to the central axis. A receiving seat 16b having an inner diameter slightly larger than other portions is formed on the inner edge of the upper end of each field stop frame 16. The above-mentioned field stop 270, 2
71 is fixed to be orthogonal to the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. The holder support 23, the two guide pins 10, 11, the field stop holder 3 (4), and the field stop frame 16 are used to form the two field stops 27 corresponding to a moving mechanism.
Since the shapes of 0 and 271 are exactly the same, the specific shape of the field stop 270 will be described below. FIG. 17 is a plan view of the field stop 270. This figure 1
As shown in FIG. 7, and as described above, the outer edge shape of each field stop 270 is circular. Inside thereof, a semicircular opening 270 having a diameter of a chord (that is, a knife edge 270b) and an arc concentric with the outer edge is provided.
a has been opened.

As described above, in the normal use state after the field stop 270 has been adjusted to the predetermined position, as shown in FIG. 18, the image 270 'of the field stop 270 has its knife edge 270'b With the CCD 116 aligned with the boundary between the left and right imaging areas on the imaging surface of the CCD 116,
It is formed on the same plane as the imaging surface 116. At this time, the half of the field stop 270 on which the opening 270a is not opened blocks a portion conjugate with one half of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (imaging region not corresponding to itself).
Image 270′a of opening 270a by relay optical system 240
Must be large enough to completely cover the other half of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (the imaging region corresponding to the self). Therefore, the radius R of the arc of the opening 270a is as shown in FIG.
With respect to the horizontal direction width CCD _H of the imaging surface of CCD116 shown in 9, R ^2> is sized to satisfy the relation ^{_{(CCD H / m) 2 +}} (CCD V / 2m) 2 ...... (1). Here, m is the magnification of the relay optical system 240.

The aperture 270 in the field stop 270
On the side where a is not opened, insert a small circular hole with a knife
Magnifier for adjusting magnification, three of which are arranged in parallel with
A king 270c is formed. The field stop 270
In normal use after being adjusted to the prescribed position,
Marking 270c relayOpticsSystem 24Image 2 by 0
70'c is a CCD as shown in FIG.116 imaging
Must be out of plane. Therefore, Markin
L between the blade 270c and the knife edge 270b _HWell, figure
19 is a horizontal width CCD of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 shown in FIG._H
For L_H> CCD_H / (2 × m)... (2) That is, marking
270c is a relay when the field stop is located at a predetermined position.
-Conjugation with the optical system 240 outside the imaging plane of the CCD 116
Is formed on the field stop 270 at the position
You.

Next, the structure of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 will be described. Since the two rear lens barrels 7 and 8 have exactly the same structure, only one of the rear lens barrels 7 will be described. The description of the other rear lens barrel 8 is omitted.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along a plane including the optical axis Ax2 of one of the relay optical systems 240, and FIG. 21 is a sectional perspective view of the rear barrel 7 taken along this plane. In these figures, the right side is referred to as the front, and the left side is referred to as the rear. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the rear lens barrel 7 is
A decentering adjustment ring 30 fixed to the periphery of the receiving seat 22c in 2a;
0, the second lens frame mounting ring 31 fixed inside
A second lens frame 32 screwed into the second lens frame mounting ring 31 and holding the second lens group 242 therein; and a second lens frame 32 screwed into the outer surface of the second lens frame 32. The second abutment on the rear end face of the lens frame mounting ring 31
A lens frame fixing ring 33, a third lens frame mounting ring 34 fitted to the rear end of the second lens frame 32 so as to allow only rotation adjustment,
A third lens frame 35 screwed into the third lens frame mounting ring 34 and holding the third lens group 243 therein, and a third lens screwed into the third lens frame mounting ring 34. The third abutment against the frame 35 from the rear end side
The lens frame fixing ring 36 is configured as a main component. Each of the frames or rings 30 to 36 described above has a rotationally symmetric shape except for the shape of the screw holes and the like. Hereinafter, each specific shape will be described.

First, the decenter adjustment ring 30 is
It has a shape in which a mounting flange 30a having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c protrudes from the tip of a cylinder having the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of 2c. The mounting flange 30
a on the distal end surface of the decenter adjustment ring 30 including
An annular projection 30b having substantially the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of 2c is formed so as to protrude. This annular projection 30b is used as the receiving seat 22c.
The decenter adjustment ring 30 is positioned with respect to the processing reference surface 22a. In this state, through holes 30c are formed in the mounting flange 30a at positions corresponding to the respective screw holes 22d on the processing reference surface 22a in this state. The decenter adjustment ring 30 is fixed to the mount portion 22 of the reference frame 2 by a fixing screw 37 that passes through each through hole 30c and is screwed into each screw hole 22d.

As shown in FIG. 22, the rear cylindrical portion of the decenter adjustment ring 30 has two screws (a set screw for decenter adjustment) 38 in a positional relationship of 90 degrees with respect to the center. The ball plungers 39 are arranged in two relatively small screw holes into which the screws 38 are screwed, respectively, and in a positional relationship of 135 degrees to each of the screws 38.
One relatively large diameter screw hole into which is screwed is formed to penetrate from a position on the same circumference on the outer peripheral surface toward the center.

Next, the second lens frame mounting ring 31 has an inner diameter larger than that of the through hole 22b. At the front end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, a mounting flange 31a having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c is formed so as to protrude.
A decenter adjustment flange 31b having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of 0 is protrudingly formed.

When the front end surface of the mounting flange 31a contacts the bottom surface of the receiving seat 22c, the receiving seat 22c
At positions corresponding to the respective through holes 22e.
A screw hole 31c having a diameter sufficiently smaller than e is formed. The second lens frame mounting ring 31 is fixed to the mount section 22 by a fixing screw 40 that passes through each through hole 22e and is screwed into each screw hole 31c. However, within the range of the clearance between each fixing screw 40 and each through hole 22e, the position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 in a plane perpendicular to the axis. .

Further, the outermost surface of the decenter adjustment flange 31b is located slightly deeper behind the tip of each decenter adjustment set screw 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 and the vertex of the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39. An annular V-shaped groove in which a portion exists is formed. The tapered surfaces of the set screws 38, 38 and the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 abut on the inner surface of the annular V-groove, so that the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is positioned in a plane orthogonal to its axis. . Therefore, both sets screw 3
The position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the axis by rotating the 8, 38 as appropriate and pushing and pulling the decenter adjustment flange 31b. During the position adjustment, the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 is immersed or protrudes following the movement of the decenter adjustment flange 31b, and constantly presses the decenter adjustment flange 31b against both set screws 38,38. When each set screw 38 is adjusted beyond the range of the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 to follow, the ball plunger 39 itself may be rotated to adjust the position according to the position of each set screw 38.

In the vicinity of the tip of the inner peripheral surface of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, a female screw thread is formed so as to protrude.

Next, the second lens frame 32 is inserted into the through hole 22b.
It has an inner diameter larger than that. The second lens group 242 described above is held inside the second lens frame 32. The outer surface of the second lens frame 32 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and has a small-diameter portion 32a fitted into the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and a small-diameter portion 32a. An intermediate diameter portion 32b formed with a male screw slightly larger in diameter than the intermediate diameter portion 32b and a flange 32c.
It is divided into a large diameter portion 32d connected to 2b.

At the tip of the small diameter portion 32a, a male screw is screwed into a female screw formed on the second lens frame mounting ring 31. Therefore, the position of the second lens frame 32 can be adjusted in the axial direction by rotating with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31.

The external thread of the intermediate diameter portion 32b has a second
A female screw formed on the inner surface of the lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed. Therefore, the second lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed into the male screw of the intermediate diameter portion 32b to form the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
Abuts the rear end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
The second lens frame 32 can be fixed to the second lens frame mounting ring 31 by engaging the male screw of the small diameter portion 32a with the female screw of the small diameter portion 32a.

An annular V-shaped groove is formed substantially at the center of the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 32d in the axial direction over the entire circumference.

Next, the third lens frame mounting ring 34 has a small-diameter portion 34a having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the large-diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and is sufficiently larger than the small-diameter portion 34a. It is divided into a large diameter portion 34b having a large diameter.

The small-diameter portion 34a is rotatably fitted to the large-diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and the tip of the small-diameter portion 34a contacts the flange 32c. When the tip of the small diameter portion 34a is in contact with the flange 32c, a plurality of screw holes into which the set screws 41 are screwed are formed in the circumferential direction at positions overlapping the V-grooves of the second lens frame 32. . The set screw 41 is screwed into the screw hole of the small diameter portion 34a, and the tip of the screw enters the V groove of the second lens frame 32, so that the third lens frame mounting ring 34 is prevented from falling out of the second lens frame 32. Then, the set screw 41 is further screwed in, and the tip of the set screw 41 comes into contact with the inner surface of the V-shaped groove of the second lens frame 32, thereby preventing the third lens frame mounting ring 34 from rotating with respect to the second lens frame 32.

The above-described aperture stop 244 is fixed inside the large diameter portion 34b. This brightness aperture 2
An operating rod 244a extends from 44, and the operating rod 244a passes through the large-diameter portion 34b. Further, a female screw is formed near the rear end on the inner surface of the large diameter portion 34b.

Next, the third lens frame 35 has a substantially disk shape having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the large diameter portion 34b of the third lens frame mounting ring 34. , Third lens group 24
3 is held coaxially. Also, the third lens frame 35
The large-diameter portion 34b of the third lens frame mounting ring 34
A male screw is formed by screwing the female screw. Therefore,
The third lens frame 35 is axially adjustable by being rotated with respect to the third lens frame mounting ring 34.

The large-diameter portion 3 of the third lens frame mounting ring 34
A male screw formed on the outer surface of the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is further screwed into the female screw 4b from outside the third lens frame 35. Therefore, the third lens frame fixing ring 36
Into the female screw of the large-diameter portion 34b of the third lens frame mounting ring 34 to abut on the rear end of the third lens frame mounting ring 35,
By engaging the male screw of the third lens frame 35 with the female screw of the third lens frame mounting ring 34, the third lens frame 35 can be fixed to the third lens frame mounting ring 34. (Assembly and Adjustment of Video Stereo Microscope) Next, the procedure of assembling and adjusting the stereo microscope 101 having the above-described configuration will be described. First, the assembling operator operates a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220,
230, close-up optical system 210, illumination optical system 30
The lenses 0 are individually incorporated into respective prepared lens barrels (not shown) to perform ball matching. Further, each lens barrel of the pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is fixed to a bracket (not shown) in a state where the respective zoom magnifications are matched and the optical axes are parallel to each other.

Next, outside the housing of the stereomicroscope 101, the assembling worker operates the pentaprisms 272, 273
The relay unit 1 is assembled as described above except for the rear lens barrels 7 and 8. Next, the assembly operator fixes the relay unit 1 on an XY table (not shown). At this time, the machining reference surface 22 of the reference frame 2
a is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. Then, the assembling operator adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate so that the XY table is fixed to the base of the XY table so that the optical axis is perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. A processing reference plane 22a is put in a visual field of an optical microscope (not shown), and an angle A formed by the processing reference plane 22a with respect to a predetermined reference line is measured.

Next, the assembler adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate to put one of the field stops 270 in the field of view. Then, by appropriately rotating the field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 270 with a minus screwdriver, the opening 270a is arranged on the side close to the other field stop 271 and the knife edge 270b is set to a predetermined position. To the direction shifted from the angle A by 90 degrees with respect to the reference line. As a result, the knife edge 270b is perpendicular to the processing reference plane 22a.

Next, the assembling operator adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate to bring the other field stop 271 into the field of view. Then, by appropriately rotating the field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 271 with a minus driver, the opening 271a is arranged on the side close to the field stop 270, and the knife edge 271b is set to a predetermined reference. It is directed in a direction shifted by 90 degrees from the angle A with respect to the line. This allows knife edge 2
Tomo 71b, when perpendicular to the working reference surface 22a
At the same time as the knife edge 270b of the other field stop 270.
And become parallel .

As described above, the knife edge 270b,
When the angle adjustment of 271b is completed, the assembling worker fixes both pentaprisms 272, 273 and both rear barrels 7, 8 to relay unit 1. However, at this point, since the adjustment has not yet been performed, the fixing screw 40 is temporarily fixed so that the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 and the decenter adjustment ring 30. Loosen the frame fixing ring 33 and
The lens frame 32 is rotatable with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31, the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is loosened, and the third lens frame 35 is rotatable with respect to the third lens frame mounting ring 34, Each set screw 41 is loosened so that the third lens frame mounting ring 34 is rotatable with respect to the second lens frame 32.

Next, the assembling operator operates the two zoom optical systems 22.
Each of the lens barrels 0 and 230 and the relay unit 1 are fixed in the housing of the binocular microscope 101, and the high-vision CCD camera 102 is attached to the binocular microscope 101. Then, this HDTV CCD camera 10
The left and right images are displayed on the monitor 114 that has received the high definition signal from the monitor 2. However, at this point, C
In the plane including the imaging plane of the CD, the both field stops 270,
Although the knife edges 270b and 271b of the 271 are parallel to each other, their positions do not always match. In addition, the image circles formed by the relay lens systems 240 and 250 are not necessarily arranged on the left and right sides of the CCD. Further, the size of each image circle (secondary image) is not always equal.

Therefore, the assembling operator first rotates the third lens frames 35 appropriately with respect to the third lens frame mounting ring 34 to move the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the optical axis direction. Accordingly, 270 of the image of the two field stops 270, 271 ', 271' to adjust the focus state for CCD116 of. Thereby, these images 2 are displayed on the monitor 114.
70 'and 271' are clearly displayed.

Next, the assembling worker checks each guide pin 10,
11 is appropriately rotated to move each of the field stop holders 3 and 4 (in some cases, by further adjusting each set screw 38 for decenter adjustment of each of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8), and thereby each field stop 270 is formed. , 271 marking 270
c and 271c are arranged in the vicinity of the respective optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 (positions conjugate with the imaging surface of the CCD 116 with respect to the relay optical systems 240 and 250).
The images 270 ′ c and 271 ′ c of the image 250 are both captured by the CCD 116. At this time, the mechanism for rotating each of the field stops 270 and 271 and the mechanism for moving the respective field stops 270 and 271 straight are operated independently of each other. Therefore, while keeping the knife edges 270b and 271b parallel, each of the markings 270 c , it is possible to linearly move the 271 c.

As described above, the images 270'c, 27c of the markings 270c, 271c are obtained by the CCD 116.
When 1′c is imaged, the assembling operator displays on the monitor 114 images 270 ′ of both markings 270c and 271c.
The width of c, 271′c is measured. Then, the second lens frame 32 of one of the rear barrels 7 (or 8) is rotated to rotate the second lens group 242 (or 252) and the third lens group 243.
(Or 253) is moved in the optical axis direction, and the combined focal length of the first lens 241 (or 251) and the second lens group 242 (or 252), that is, the relay optical system 240
(Or 250) is changed. When the rotation of the second lens frame 32 is completed, the third lens frame mounting ring 3 is rotated.
4 is rotated with respect to the second lens frame 32, and the rotational position (that is, the direction of the operating rod 244a) is returned to the original position. Then, the third lens frame 35 is appropriately rotated with respect to the third lens frame mounting ring 34, and the third lens group 243 (or 253) is rotated.
Is moved in the optical axis direction to readjust the focus state of the image 270′c (or 271′c) with respect to the CCD 116.

Thus, both markings 270c,
After adjusting the sizes of the images 270'c and 271'c of the 271c, the assembly operator again measures the sizes of the two images 270'c and 271'c displayed on the monitor 114. Then, the above operation is repeated until the sizes of both images 270'c and 271'c match. As a result of repeating such operations, images 270′c and 271′c of both markings 270c and 271c displayed on monitor 114 are displayed.
When the sizes of the two relay optical systems 240 and 250 match,
And the field stops 270, 271
Is conjugate to the position of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (that is, both field stops 270 and 271 are in focus with respect to the CCD 116). Then, the assembling operator tightens the second lens frame fixing ring 33 so that the second lens frame 3
2 is fixed to the second lens frame mounting ring 31 , and each set screw 41 is tightened to form the third lens frame mounting ring 3.
4 is fixed to the second lens frame 32, and the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is tightened to fix the third lens frame 35 to the third lens frame mounting ring 34.

As described above, each relay optical system 240, 2
Marking 2 that can be used as a reference for 50 magnification adjustments
70c and 271c are formed on the field stops 270 and 271 and the image 27 of the markings 270c and 271c is formed.
Only by matching the sizes of 0'c and 271'c with each other, the magnifications of the relay optical systems 240 and 250 can be easily matched.

Next, the operator rotates the guide pins 10 and 11 as appropriate to move the respective field stop holders 3 and 4 in the direction away from each other, so that the images of the openings 270b and 271b of the respective field stops 270 and 271 can be obtained. 270'b and 271'b are replaced by C
An image is formed side by side on the CD 116. However, at this point, the images of the knife edges 270c and 271c do not necessarily have to match.

Next, the assembling operator sets the both zoom optical systems 22 together.
Autocollimators are arranged in front of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 0 and 230, respectively, and their target images are projected toward the zoom optical systems 220 and 230. However, at this time, since the flange back of each of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 does not always coincide with the position of each of the field stops 270 and 271, the focus of the target image captured by the CCD 116 and displayed on the monitor 114 is focused. Do not always match. Therefore, the assembling operator moves the lens barrels of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 forward and backward with respect to the bracket (not shown), and forms the primary image of the target on the same plane as the field stops 270 and 271. Statue,
The secondary image is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 116. Thus, the flange back of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is adjusted.

At this time, the center of each target image formed on the CCD 116 indicates the position of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. The positions of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 can be adjusted by moving the second lens groups 242 and 252 in a direction orthogonal to the optical axes.
Then, the assembling operator advances and retreats the decenter adjustment set screws 38, 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 of the one rear lens barrel 7, and moves the second lens frame mounting ring 31 to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. The center of the target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 240 in the rear barrel 7 is moved to the center of the left imaging area on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (that is, the monitor 114).
Center of the left half). Similarly, the decenter adjustment set screws 38, 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 of the other rear barrel 8 are advanced and retreated, and the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is appropriately moved in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. As a result, the center of the target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 250 in the rear barrel 8 is set to C
The center is matched with the center of the right imaging area on the imaging surface of the CD 116 (that is, the center of the right half of the monitor 114).

By the above adjustment, both relay optical systems 24
The 0,250 optical axes Ax2, Ax3 are parallel to each other. Then, the assembling worker fixes the second lens frame fixing rings 31 of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 to the mount portion 22 by fully tightening the fixing screws 40.

Next, the assembling worker checks each guide pin 10,
11 is appropriately rotated to move each of the field stop holders 3 and 4 to a predetermined position.
The knife edges 270b and 271b of the first
(That is, the center of the monitor 114). Then, each field stop 270, 271
Are partly shielded by the respective knife edges 270b and 271b.
The image partially shielded in this way is re-imaged on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 by each of the relay optical systems 240 and 250. Therefore, on the CCD 116, the left and right images are arranged side by side without overlapping each other.

Finally, the assembling worker installs the lens barrel of the close-up optical system 210 into the housing of the binocular microscope 101. Thus, the binocular microscope 101 is completed.

[0106]

Embodiment 2 The second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment.
Compared with the embodiment, only the shape of the field stop is different, and other configurations are common. FIG. 24 is a plan view of a field stop 273 used in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 24, the field stop 273 differs from that of the first embodiment only in the shape of the marking 273c.
It has the shape of two square holes. Also in this case, the distance L _H between the knife edge 273b and the marking 273c is a size that satisfies the above equation (2). Other configurations in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Since it is completely the same as that of the embodiment, the description is omitted.

[0107]

Embodiment 3 The third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment.
Compared with the embodiment, only the shape of the field stop is different, and other configurations are common. FIG. 25 is a plan view of a field stop 274 used in the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 25, the field stop 274 has a rectangular shape having one side as a knife edge 274b, unlike the first embodiment, only in the shape of the outer edge thereof. Also in this case, the distance L _H between the knife edge 274b and the marking 274c is a size that satisfies the above equation (2). The other configurations in the third embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof will be omitted.

[0108]

Embodiment 4 The fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment.
Compared with the embodiment, only the shape of the field stop is different, and other configurations are common. FIG. 26 is a plan view of a field stop 275 used in the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 26, the field stop 275 has a rectangular outer edge, and has a rectangular opening 275a having a straight knife edge 275b passing through the center thereof as one side.

A marking 275c formed by arranging three circular holes in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the knife edge 275b is formed ahead of the extension of the knife edge 275b.

When the field stop 275 is used, the field stop holders 3 and 4 are moved after the field stop frame 16 is rotated by 90 degrees, so that the image of the marking 275c is formed on the CCD 116 (the monitor 114). Will be displayed on your device). After adjusting the magnifications of the relay lens systems 240 and 250, the field stop 27
Confirm the direction of the knife edge 275b of No. 5, and readjust the direction of the knife edge 275b.

[0111] In this way, the normal use state after the position adjustment is completed for each field stop 275, an image 275'c by a relay lens system 270, 271 of the marking 275c is deviated from the imaging surface of CCD 1 16 Must be. Therefore, the distance L _V between the marking 275c and the center of the field stop 275 is equal to the CCD 1 shown in FIG.
With respect to the vertical width CCD _V of the 16 imaging planes, the size satisfies the following relationship: L _V > CCD _V / (2 × m) (3)

[0112] Other configurations in the fourth embodiment are as follows.
Since it is completely the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is omitted.

[0113]

Embodiment 5 The fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment.
Compared with the embodiment, only the shape of the field stop is different, and other configurations are common. FIG. 27 is a plan view of a field stop 276 used in the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 27, the field stop 276 has a rectangular outer edge, and a rectangular opening 276a having a side of a straight knife edge 276b passing through the center thereof is opened inside.

Then, on the upper surface of the field stop 276,
A marking 276c formed by arranging two marks in a direction parallel to the knife edge 276b is formed. Also in this case, the distance L _H between the knife edge 276b and the marking 276c is a size that satisfies the above equation (2). When the field stop 276 is used, the marking 276c is illuminated from above the field stop 276, and an image of the marking 276c is formed on the CCD 116 (displayed on the monitor 114). The other configurations in the fifth embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof will be omitted.

[0115]

As described above, according to the video stereo microscope of the present invention, the information commonly used for the focus adjustment and the magnification adjustment of the relay optical system, that is, the image of the marking of each photographing optical system is obtained. Since it can be included in the image by the imaging device, focus adjustment and magnification adjustment of the relay optical system can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a surgery support system incorporating a video stereo microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an optical configuration diagram schematically showing an optical configuration in a video stereo microscope.

FIG. 3 is an optical configuration diagram schematically showing an optical configuration of a video stereoscopic viewer.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an LCD panel.

FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of a stereo microscope.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the microscope optical system.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a fixing position of a relay unit in a housing of the video stereo microscope.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the relay unit viewed obliquely from the upper front.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the relay unit viewed obliquely from below and forward.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the reference frame as viewed obliquely from above at the rear.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a longitudinal section along the optical axis Ax2.

FIG. 15 is a transverse sectional view taken along line XV-XV in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a combined sectional view showing a vertical section taken along the line XVIa-XVIa and a vertical section taken along the line XVIb-XVIb in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a field stop.

FIG. 18 shows an image of a field stop using a relay lens system and CC.
D is a plan view showing the positional relationship with the imaging surface.

FIG. 19 is a front view of an imaging surface of a CCD.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a longitudinal section along the optical axis Ax2.

21 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the rear barrel cut along the cross section shown in FIG.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of a set screw for decenter adjustment and a ball plunger.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram showing movement of a field stop according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a plan view showing a conventional field stop.

[Explanation of symbols]

 200 Shooting optical system 220, 230 Zoom optical system 240, 250 Relay optical system 241, 251 First lens group 242, 252 Second lens group 243, 253 Third lens group 260 Convergence shifting prism 270, 271 Field stop 270b, 271b Knife Edge 270c, 271c Marking 116 CCD

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An image pickup apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pair of imaging optical systems are separated by a predetermined base line length. A video stereoscopic microscope that forms images and captures images simultaneously with the imaging device, wherein each photographing optical system includes an objective optical system that forms a primary image of an optical observation object, and an objective optical system that forms a primary image. A relay optical system that relays the formed primary image and re-images it as a secondary image, and an optical axis that shifts the optical axis of the relay optical system and guides the optical axis to an area corresponding to the self-photographing optical system on the imaging surface. A distance reduction element, and a region corresponding to the other photographing optical system on the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system, when arranged at a predetermined position in a plane where the primary image is formed by the objective optical system. And a field stop that blocks a conjugate part, and a mark formed on the field stop at a position conjugate with the outside of the imaging plane with respect to the relay optical system when the field stop is arranged at the predetermined position; A moving mechanism for moving the field stop in the plane between the predetermined position and a position where the marking is conjugate with the imaging plane with respect to the relay optical system, and Stereo microscope. 2. A video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein said marking comprises a hole formed in said field stop. 3. A video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein said marking comprises a plurality of holes formed in said field stop. 4. A video stereo microscope according to claim 2, wherein said hole is a circular hole. 5. The video stereo microscope according to claim 2, wherein the hole is a square hole. 6. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking is a mark formed on a surface of the field stop facing the relay optical system. 7. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking is a plurality of inscriptions formed on a surface of the field stop facing the relay optical system. 8. A video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein said moving mechanism is a mechanism for moving said field stop straight in said plane. 9. The moving mechanism comprises: a cylindrical field stop frame for holding the field stop in its internal space; a field stop holder for holding the field stop frame rotatably about its central axis; This field stop holder, while maintaining the attitude that the center axis of the field stop frame is parallel to the optical axis of the objective optical system,
9. A supporting means for slidably supporting the optical axis of the objective optical system and the optical axis of the objective optical system of the other photographing optical system so as to be slidable in an axial direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
The video stereo microscope described. 10. A relay lens system comprising: a first lens group as a fixed positive lens group and a second lens group as a movable positive lens group whose overall object-side focal position substantially coincides with the surface; The third group, which is a movable positive lens group that converges the parallel light emitted from the second group on the imaging surface, is adjusted by moving the second group, and by moving the third group. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein focus adjustment is performed on the imaging surface.