JP2001046914A - Electrostatic separation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the screening of the particles having the size which had been considered to be difficult to screen, to continuously enable the separation of large bulk of waste, to lower the energy applied to a crusher and to enable metal separation with low voltage in the voltage applied to a corona generating electrode. SOLUTION: In the separation system, plural electrostatic separation devices P (P1, P2 and P3) are arranged above and below and also the crusher R for crushing the waste to a granular material having a separable particle size and a conveyor device Q for transporting the crushed material on the uppermost step electrostatic separation device are mounted. The crusher R is constituted with plural holding plates R2 stuck to a rotary shaft R1 and plural classes of hammer body (r) provided along the rotating outer peripheral edge of the holding plates R2. In the hammer body (r), plural hammer plates are mounted freely rotatably to the hammer shaft disposed between each holding plate R2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in an electrostatic separation device, and more particularly, to an electrostatic separation device which faces a drum electrode.
The present invention relates to an electrostatic separation device including a cord-shaped corona generating electrode capable of obtaining a high discharge effect over a wide area of a drum electrode surface, and a crusher capable of continuously crushing waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electrostatic separation device for separating mixed different materials such as metal and plastic has been used.

A conventional electrostatic separation device has a corona generating electrode arranged at an appropriate distance from a rotating drum electrode.
When a voltage is applied to the corona generating electrode, a corona discharge phenomenon occurs, and an ionosphere having ion electrons is formed between the corona generating electrode and the drum electrode. The nonconductive material that has passed through the ionosphere is charged, but the conductive material such as metal is not charged and is blown off by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the drum electrode. As a result, no electrostatic force is generated and the drum is separated from the drum electrode surface. On the other hand, an insulator such as plastic polarizes when passing through the ionosphere, for example, gives a negative appropriate charge to the corona generating electrode, and when the drum electrode is grounded, corona discharge occurs, and negative ion electrons fill the space. As a result, a negative ion layer is formed. The non-conductive surface passing therethrough is adsorbed on the drum electrode along the flow of the negative ions, and the negative ions eventually flow to the ground via the drum electrode.
As a result, an electrostatic force is generated in the charged insulator and is attracted to the drum electrode. An electrostatic separator separates a conductive material from an insulating material using such an action.

[0004] In this electrostatic separation device, various improvements for separating different kinds of materials have been conventionally proposed. For example, in the electrostatic separation device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-178351, the discharge action of the electrode is intended to be enhanced by using a needle-shaped electrode as the corona generating electrode facing the drum electrode.

[0005]

The discharge action of the electrode depends on the area of the electrode, the voltage applied to the electrode, the distance between the electrode and the drum electrode, the drying condition of the air where the ionosphere is formed, and the like. On the other hand, the separation ability of the electrostatic separation device tends to be difficult to separate as the diameter of the particles of the material to be separated increases, and the pulverizing cost tends to increase as the particle of the material decreases. When using corona generating electrodes of various shapes so far, the diameter of separable particles is limited to at most 1 mm, and if the particles of the material to be selected are larger than this, for example, needle-shaped electrodes or strip-shaped Separation was not possible using electrodes.

In addition, since corona discharge occurs from the tip of the needle electrode, the tip is severely consumed, leaving a problem in the durability of the needle electrode. Further, even if the tip of the needle-shaped electrode is slightly worn, the distance between the needle-shaped corona-generating electrode and the drum electrode changes, and it is difficult to always hold the corona-generating electrode at the optimum position. . In addition, since the position of the corona generating electrode is slightly different depending on the kind and the mixing ratio of the material to be separated, an electrostatic separation device capable of arbitrarily adjusting the position of the corona generating electrode has been desired.

[0007] Separation ability is enhanced as the voltage applied to the corona generating electrode is increased as well as the particle size of the material is reduced. However, high voltage energy applied to the corona generating electrode is required in addition to the energy for pulverizing the material with a mill or the like. Therefore, there was a problem of energy saving.

[0008] In the case of recovering the target material from the waste, a step of crushing the waste into granules having a selectable diameter is required. However, waste containing hard materials such as metal
Grinding to a diameter of less than m consumes a great deal of energy and makes it difficult to crush waste continuously. Therefore, a very long time is required for the process of separating and collecting materials such as metal and plastic from waste.

Accordingly, the present invention has been created to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it has become possible to sort particles of a size which has been considered difficult, and to continuously separate a large amount of waste. It is another object of the present invention to provide an energy-saving electrostatic separation system that can perform metal separation with less energy applied to the crusher R and a lower voltage applied to the corona generating electrode than before.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a first means of the present invention is to provide a cord-like corona in which a plurality of nichrome wires 1A are brought together and a large number of electrode projections 1B are formed on the side surface. In the electrostatic separation device P in which the generation electrode 1 is provided, and the corona generation electrode 1 is provided so as to be opposed to the longitudinal side surface of the drum electrode 2, a plurality of electrostatic separation devices P are arranged vertically and the waste is separated. A crusher R for crushing the crushed material into a granular material having a possible diameter, and an uppermost electrostatic separation device P for crushing the crushed material.
1 and a conveyor device Q to be transported on the conveyor 1.

The crusher R of the second means comprises a plurality of holding plates R2 fixed to the rotating shaft R1, and a plurality of sets of hammers radially provided along the rotating outer peripheral edge of the holding plate R2. And the hammer body r is provided with a holding plate R2.
A plurality of hammer plates r2 are rotatably mounted on a hammer shaft r1 provided between them.

The third means comprises a crusher R and a conveyor device Q
A means for solving the problem is provided with a sorting machine S for sorting materials other than sorting standards and a collecting device T for collecting unnecessary materials sorted by the sorting machine S.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The electrostatic separation system shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of electrostatic separation devices P and a conveyor device Q for transporting a separation material.
And a crusher R for crushing waste into granular material having a separable diameter.

The electrostatic separation device P includes three electrostatic separation devices P
Although 1 to P3 are arranged vertically, the number of used electrostatic separation devices P can be set arbitrarily. In the drawing, reference numeral 6 denotes a removal brush. The removing brush 6 comes into contact with the rotating side surface of the drum electrode 2 to remove the material attached to the side surface of the drum electrode 2. Reference numeral 7 denotes a heater 7, which is disposed at an intermediate material guide port 14 located between the upper and lower electrostatic separation devices P1, P2, and P3. In the electrostatic separation device P shown in the figure, a hopper 10 is arranged on the uppermost electrostatic separation device P, and the material to be separated is moved from the hopper 10 by a vibration plate 11, and the corona generating electrode 1 and the drum It passes between the electrodes 2. The conductive material such as metal is blown out of the separation plate 12 by centrifugal force due to the rotation of the drum electrode 2 and is stored in the separated material storage box 13A at the lower end. The insulating material such as plastic is charged, and the substance attracted to the drum electrode 2 and adhered to the drum electrode 2 is peeled off by the removing brush 6 and stored in the separated material storage box 13C. On the other hand, those having a small charge and not adsorbing fall between the separation plate 12A and the separation plate 12B, pass through the intermediate material guide port 14, and are again subjected to electrostatic separation by the next electrostatic separation device P2. By repeating this, the separation accuracy can be improved. Then, the mixed material that cannot be separated by the lowermost electrostatic separation device P3 is stored in the separated material storage box 13B. The centrifugal force is
It is proportional to the square of the number of revolutions of the drum electrode 2, and the degree of charge is affected by the drying condition of the material. Therefore, each of the electrostatic separation devices P1, P2, and P3 is provided with a rotation speed adjustment device for the drum electrode 2 and a heater 7, so that the settings can be set in accordance with the type of material to be separated and the size of the particles.

FIG. 2 shows a main part of the crusher R. The crusher R is composed of a plurality of holding plates R2 fixed to a rotating shaft R1, and a plurality of sets of hammer bodies r provided radially along the outer peripheral edge of the holding plate R2 which rotates.
In the illustrated example, two hexagonal holding plates R2 are used, but more holding plates R2 may be used, and the shape of the holding plate R2 is also arbitrary. On the other hand, the hammer body r is composed of a plurality of hammer plates r2 rotatably mounted on a hammer shaft r1 provided between the holding plates R2. When the holding plate R2 rotates, the centrifugal force causes the hammer plate r2 to rotate. r2 rotates to grind the waste. The illustrated hammer plate r2 is provided with three rectangular plate-like members via a spacer r3. The number and shape of the hammer plate r2 can also be set arbitrarily. The waste pulverized by the hammer plate r2 is pulverized until the waste passes through the mesh screen R3 exchangeably provided on the lower surface of the pulverizer R. The mesh of the screen R3 is usually set to about 1 to 6 mm.

The conveyor device Q is a device for conveying the material pulverized to a predetermined particle size to the uppermost stage of the electrostatic separation device P.
The conveyor device Q of FIG. 1 is set so as to carry the material into a hopper 10 installed above the electrostatic separation device P1.

The electrostatic separation system shown in FIG.
A sorting machine S and a collecting device T are arranged between the conveyor and the conveyor device Q. The sorting machine S sorts materials other than the sorting standards, and can perform sorting of a particle size other than the standards, sorting of magnetic materials, and the like. In addition, the recovery device T includes an electrostatic separation device P
It collects all other substances that are not transported to the container, and a storage box or a conveyor for storage may be used.

Reference numeral 1 shown in FIG. 4 indicates a corona generating electrode used in the electrostatic separation device P. This corona generating electrode 1
A plurality of nichrome wires 1A are provided close to each other.
A large number of electrode protrusions 1B are formed on the side surface. Then, a bracket 4 for holding the corona generating electrode 1 and the induction electrode 3 in parallel is provided (see FIG. 1). The brackets 4 are arranged in pairs at both longitudinal ends of the drum electrode 2, and freely adjust the distance between the corona generating electrode 1 and the induction electrode 3 with respect to the drum electrode 2.

FIG. 5 shows that the corona generating electrode 1 is connected to the drum electrode 2.
2 shows a state in which they face each other. Although the corona generating electrode 1 in the illustrated example shows one corona generating electrode 1 for convenience, a plurality of corona generating electrodes 1 may be used. Further, the corona generating electrode 1 is provided with a resistor 5 for preventing a short circuit current when the corona generating electrode 1 is cut.
In addition, the code | symbol 8 shown in a figure has shown the insulator. The corona generating electrode 1 includes two corona generating electrodes 1 in which two nichrome wires 1A are brought close to each other, and two corona generating electrodes 1 parallel to the corona generating electrodes 1.
Induction electrodes 3 are used. The electrode projection 1B of the corona generating electrode 1 is a projection formed when the nichrome wire 1A is brought close to the electrode. When the corona generating electrode 1 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the drum electrode 2, a corona discharge is generated from the electrode protrusion 1B facing the drum electrode 2 side. As a result, a uniform ionosphere is generated over a wide range along the longitudinal side surface of the drum electrode 2. In order to obtain an effective corona discharge action, it is preferable that the thickness of the nichrome wire 1A is in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 mm and the interval between the corona generating electrodes 1 is 2 to 10 mm.

FIG. 6 shows a separation experiment using an electrostatic separation apparatus using the electrode of the present invention. This experiment was performed by arranging two corona generating electrodes 1 and one induction electrode 3 in parallel along the longitudinal side surface of the drum electrode 2. The corona generating electrode 1 is a nichrome wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm,
Those that were aligned at 3 mm intervals were used.

The numerical values of L1 to L5 shown in Table 1 indicate the distance (mm) of the corona generating electrode 1 shown in FIG. 3, and the corona generating electrode 1 is arranged corresponding to each material. In addition, the secondary voltage indicates a voltage applied to the corona generating electrode 1, and in Table 1, it is 11.6-16.4 KV.

[0023]

[Table 1] The materials (inputs) shown in Table 2 used three types of mixtures (I) to (III). Material (I) is plastic,
Aluminum and copper are crushed into particles of 3 mm or less, and the mixing ratio is
80:10:10 mixture. Material (II) is wood,
Plastic, aluminum and copper crushed into particles of 3 mm or less each and mixed at a mixing ratio of 40:40:20. For the material (III), a printed circuit board crushed into particles of 3 mm or less was used.

[0024]

[Table 2] Table 3 shows the collection results (collection amount) of each material. In Table 3, column A indicates the amount of recovered plastic (g), column B indicates the amount of recovered mixture (g), and column C indicates the amount of recovered metal (g).

[0025]

[Table 3] As a result of the above experiments, it is shown that the use of the electrode of the present invention can sufficiently separate even a material having a particle diameter of 3 mm, which has heretofore been impossible. The secondary voltage applied to the corona generating electrode 1 is in the range of about 10 to 20 KV, and it is shown that the voltage can be sorted by about 1/2 of the conventional secondary voltage. Proven.

[0026]

According to the present invention, the above object has been attained.

That is, the electrostatic separation device P, the crusher R, and the conveyor device Q according to the first aspect make it possible to sort out particles having a size that has been considered difficult, and a large amount of waste is discarded. Things can now be separated continuously. In addition, the corona generating electrode 1 in the form of a string used in the electrostatic separation device P can provide a wide and uniform discharge effect on the drum electrode, and can sort particles having a size that has been considered difficult to achieve. become.

Further, according to the pulverizer R of the second aspect,
It has become possible to crush waste continuously. Moreover, since the pulverization particle size may be 1 mm or more, the pulverization can be performed with extremely small energy as compared with a conventional mill or the like that pulverizes to 1 mm or less.

Further, unnecessary substances can be sorted and recovered by the sorter S and the collecting device T according to the third aspect, so that the crusher R and the electrostatic separation device P can be used continuously, and Waste can be continuously processed.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to sort particles having a size that has been considered difficult, and it is possible to continuously separate a large amount of waste. The energy applied to R is small and the voltage applied to the corona generating electrode is lower than before so that metal separation becomes possible, and various industrially useful effects such as providing an extremely energy-saving electrostatic separation system can be obtained. is there.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the electrostatic separation system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of the crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the electrostatic separation system of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a main part front view showing an embodiment of the corona generating electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of the electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing an experimental state.

[Description of Signs] P Electrostatic separation device Q Conveyor device R Crusher R1 Rotary shaft R2 Holding plate R3 Screen r Hammer body r1 Hammer shaft r2 Hammer plate r3 Spacer S Sorter T Recovery device 1 Corona generating electrode 1A Nichrome wire 1B electrode Convex part 2 Drum electrode 3 Induction electrode 4 Bracket 5 Resistor 6 Removal brush 7 Heater 8 Insulator 10 Hopper 11 Vibration plate 12 Separator plate 12A Separator plate 12B Separator plate 13 Separator storage box 14 Intermediate material guide port

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Anatoly I. Messenyasin St. Petersburg, Russia, 199109, Building 8A, 21 Linear, Vasilyevskaya Austrov Akzionnernoe Obshestovo Me Hannover-Technica (72) Inventor Kazuo Nagasuma F term (reference) 4D054 GA01 GA04 GA09 GB01 4D065 AA02 BB03 EB02 EB14 ED12 ED22

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A corona generating electrode in the form of a string in which a plurality of nichrome wires are brought close to each other and a large number of electrode protrusions are formed on a side surface thereof, and the corona generating electrode is disposed so as to face parallel to the longitudinal side surface of the drum electrode. A plurality of electrostatic separators are arranged one above the other, and a crusher that crushes waste into granular material having a separable diameter, and the crushed material is placed in the uppermost stage. An electrostatic separation system, comprising: a conveyor device that conveys the electrostatic separation device. 2. The crusher includes a plurality of holding plates fixed to a rotating shaft, and a plurality of sets of hammer bodies radially provided along a rotating outer peripheral edge of the holding plate. 2. The electrostatic separation system according to claim 1, wherein the hammer body has a plurality of hammer plates rotatably mounted on a hammer shaft provided between the holding plates. 3. The electrostatic separation system according to claim 1, further comprising: a separator between the pulverizer and the conveyor, for separating materials other than the sorting standard, and a collecting device for collecting unnecessary materials separated by the separator. The electrostatic separation system according to claim 1.