JP2001042030A - Vlbi radar probing method - Google Patents

Vlbi radar probing method

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Publication number
JP2001042030A
JP2001042030A JP11212109A JP21210999A JP2001042030A JP 2001042030 A JP2001042030 A JP 2001042030A JP 11212109 A JP11212109 A JP 11212109A JP 21210999 A JP21210999 A JP 21210999A JP 2001042030 A JP2001042030 A JP 2001042030A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
antenna
vlbi
observed
earth
time
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JP11212109A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3172739B2 (en
Inventor
Hitoshi Kiuchi
等 木内
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Communications Research Laboratory
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Communications Research Laboratory
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform stable observation from the earth at all times, to improve resolution by constructing a large-scale synthetic antenna, and to observe the surface of a body to be observed and the distance to the body to be observed minutely. SOLUTION: In this VLBI(very long baseline interferometer) radar probing method, a white noise or pseudo noise diffusion signal 3 is transmitted from a large-scale antenna 1 so as to strike a body to be observed 4, and the returning rear scattering waves 5 are received at a VLBI receiving antenna 6. By sequentially subjecting a transmission record signal recorded at the time of transmission and a reception record signal recorded at the time of reception to correlation processing to obtain the time-series data of a correlation cross spectrum due to changes in the location between the earth and the object to be observed 4 and subjecting the time-series data to 2-dimentional inverse Fourier transformation, the image of the surface of the body to be observed 4 and the distance to the body to be observed 4 are obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、レーダを用いて地
球から月や小惑星に対するリモートセンシングを行うV
LBI(超長基線電波干渉計(VLBI(Very Long
Baseline Interferometry))レーダ探査法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a remote sensing device for performing remote sensing of the moon and asteroids from the earth using radar.
LBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI)
Baseline Interferometry)) Regarding radar exploration methods.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、地表レーダ探査法で優れているも
のとして、合成開口レーダ(SAR(Synthetic Apert
ure Radar))による方式と、ドップラレーダ方式とが
ある(Jerry L.Eaves and Edward K. Reedy,"P
rinciple of Modern Radar",pp.502−537,Van N
ostrand Reinhold Company.参照)。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used as an excellent method for surface radar search.
ure Radar)) and the Doppler radar method (Jerry L. Eaves and Edward K. Reedy, "P
rinciple of Modern Radar ", pp. 502-537, Van N
ostrand Reinhold Company. reference).

【0003】前者のSAR方式は、航空機や、惑星軌道
上の衛星から、地球や惑星の表面をレーダ探査するもの
であり、図3に示すように、矢印102の方向に移動す
る航空機や衛星に搭載したアンテナ101から、その移
動方向とは垂直方向にアンテナビーム103が放射され
る。地表面上の対象物104に対するアンテナ追尾は行
わない。観測可能時間は、搭載機の移動速度および高度
105により異なり、アンテナビーム103内に対象物
104が入っている時間、すなわち搭載機がアンテナ位
置P1からアンテナ位置P2までに移動する時間とな
る。このため、アンテナ101の指向性が低いほど大き
な合成アンテナ(仮想アンテナ)を構築でき、合成アン
テナ長Lはアンテナ位置P1からアンテナ位置P2まで
の距離となる。
[0003] The former SAR method is a radar search for the surface of the earth or a planet from an aircraft or a satellite in orbit of a planet. As shown in FIG. An antenna beam 103 is emitted from the mounted antenna 101 in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction. Antenna tracking for the object 104 on the ground surface is not performed. The observable time differs depending on the moving speed and altitude 105 of the onboard machine, and is the time when the object 104 is in the antenna beam 103, that is, the time when the onboard machine moves from the antenna position P1 to the antenna position P2. Therefore, a larger synthetic antenna (virtual antenna) can be constructed as the directivity of the antenna 101 is lower, and the synthetic antenna length L is the distance from the antenna position P1 to the antenna position P2.

【0004】このSAR方式では、短パルスを多数放射
(通常1kHz以上)することで、対象物104からの
後方散乱波を得るが、これらは全て空間に合成アンテナ
を構築するために用いられる。つまり、パルス1回毎に
得られた信号と、搭載機の位置とを全てのパルスについ
て合成し、合成アンテナを構築する。
In the SAR system, a large number of short pulses are emitted (usually 1 kHz or more) to obtain backscattered waves from the object 104, all of which are used to construct a combined antenna in space. In other words, the signal obtained for each pulse and the position of the mounted device are combined for all the pulses, and a combined antenna is constructed.

【0005】このSAR方式の場合、アンテナ直径Ls
を仮定し、観測波長をλとするとアンテナビーム幅(半
値幅)βsは、次式(1)で表される。
In the case of this SAR system, the antenna diameter Ls
Assuming that the observation wavelength is λ, the antenna beam width (half width) βs is expressed by the following equation (1).

【数1】 合成されるアンテナの長さLsは、搭載機と対象物との
距離をRs、物理アンテナ直径をdxとすると、次式
(2)で表される。
(Equation 1) The length Ls of the synthesized antenna is represented by the following equation (2), where Rs is the distance between the mounted device and the target, and dx is the physical antenna diameter.

【数2】 この制約は、アンテナビームが搭載機の進行方向に対し
垂直方向に固定されていることによる。
(Equation 2) This restriction is due to the fact that the antenna beam is fixed in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the mounting machine.

【0006】このときの散乱(断面積)半径δxは、次
式(3)で表される。
The scattering (cross-sectional area) radius δx at this time is expressed by the following equation (3).

【数3】 SAR方式の場合、散乱(断面積)半径δxは、式
(3)から分かるように、周波数・飛行高度によらず物
理アンテナ直径dxで決定される。なお、式(3)中、
Lsではなく、(2・Ls)となるのは、信号が対象物
までの間を往復するためである。散乱(断面積)半径δ
xは分解能に相当する量である。
(Equation 3) In the case of the SAR system, the scattering (cross-sectional area) radius δx is determined by the physical antenna diameter dx irrespective of the frequency and the flight altitude, as can be seen from Expression (3). Note that in equation (3),
The reason why (2 · Ls) is used instead of Ls is that the signal reciprocates between the target and the target. Scattering (cross-sectional area) radius δ
x is an amount corresponding to the resolution.

【0007】一方、上記した地表レーダ探査法のうち、
後者のドップラレーダ方式は、大型アンテナから放射さ
れた強力なパルスの反射波から距離等を求める方式であ
り、このドップラレーダ方式では、図4に示すように、
1つの大型アンテナ201からチャープ信号(周波数ス
ウィープ信号)もしくはパルス信号の送信信号202を
出力し、小惑星203等に当たって戻ってきた反射波2
04を、正確な時計を持った観測局200の受信アンテ
ナ205で受信し、観測局200のタイミング測定部2
06で観測した送信時刻と受信時刻とを基に、比較部2
07においてそのタイミングの比較等を行い、最終的に
観測局200から小惑星203までの距離・方向ベクト
ル・大まかな大きさ(散乱断面積)を求めるようになっ
ている。
On the other hand, of the above-mentioned surface radar exploration methods,
The latter Doppler radar method is a method of obtaining a distance or the like from a reflected wave of a strong pulse radiated from a large antenna. In this Doppler radar method, as shown in FIG.
A transmission signal 202 of a chirp signal (frequency sweep signal) or a pulse signal is output from one large antenna 201, and the reflected wave 2
04 is received by the reception antenna 205 of the observation station 200 having an accurate clock, and the timing measurement unit 2 of the observation station 200 is received.
Based on the transmission time and the reception time observed in 06, the comparison unit 2
At 07, the timing is compared, and the distance, direction vector, and approximate size (scattering cross section) from the observation station 200 to the asteroid 203 are finally obtained.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記した地表
レーダ探査法のうち、前者のSAR方式では、目標物の
衛星軌道上の搭載機から月等の表面を探査するため、地
球上から安定して常時観測するようなことができなかっ
た。また、このSAR方式の場合、分解能を上げるに
は、物理アンテナのサイズを小さくしなければならない
が、物理アンテナのサイズを小さくするとアンテナゲイ
ンが小さくなり、このため、地球から月のような遠方の
ものを観測しようとしても、反射波がほとんど戻ってこ
ず、観測そのものが成立しないという問題点を有してい
た。
However, in the above-mentioned SAR method of the above-mentioned surface radar search methods, since the surface of the moon or the like is searched from the on-board aircraft in the satellite orbit of the target, the SAR method is stable from the earth. Could not always observe. In addition, in the case of the SAR system, the size of the physical antenna must be reduced in order to increase the resolution. However, when the size of the physical antenna is reduced, the antenna gain is reduced. There was a problem that even when trying to observe the object, the reflected wave hardly returned, and the observation itself could not be established.

【0009】一方、後者のドップラレーダ方式は、地球
からのリモートセンシングであり、小惑星までの距離・
方向ベクトル・大まかな大きさ(散乱断面積)を求める
ことはできるものの、その表面の様子を得ることはでき
なかった。
On the other hand, the latter Doppler radar system is remote sensing from the earth,
Although the direction vector and the approximate size (scattering cross section) can be obtained, the state of the surface cannot be obtained.

【0010】この発明は上記に鑑み提案されたもので、
地球上から安定して常時観測することができ、また大規
模な合成アンテナを構築して分解能を向上するととも
に、詳細に観測物体の表面や観測物体までの距離を観測
することができるVLBIレーダ探査法を提供すること
を目的とする。
[0010] The present invention has been proposed in view of the above,
VLBI radar exploration that enables stable observation from the earth at all times, builds a large-scale synthetic antenna to improve resolution, and allows detailed observation of the surface of the object and the distance to the object The purpose is to provide the law.

【0011】[0011]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明のVLBIレーダ探査法は、大型送信アンテ
ナから白色雑音または擬似雑音拡散信号を送信して観測
物体に当て、戻ってきた後方散乱波をVLBI受信アン
テナで受信し、送信時に記録した送信記録信号と、受信
時に記録した受信記録信号との相関処理を順次行い、地
球・観測物体間位置の変化による相関クロススペクトル
の時系列データを求め、2次元逆フーリエ変換すること
で、観測物体表面の像および観測物体までの距離を得
る、ことを特徴としている。
In order to achieve the above object, a VLBI radar search method according to the present invention transmits a white noise or pseudo-noise spread signal from a large transmitting antenna to hit an object to be observed, and returns to the rear. The scattered waves are received by a VLBI receiving antenna, and a correlation process is sequentially performed between a transmission recording signal recorded at the time of transmission and a reception recording signal recorded at the time of reception, and time-series data of a correlation cross spectrum due to a change in the position between the earth and an observation object. And obtains an image of the surface of the observation object and a distance to the observation object by performing a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform.

【0012】[0012]

【発明の実施の形態】以下にこの発明の実施の形態を図
面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

【0013】図1はこの発明のVLBIレーダ探査法の
構成を概略的に示す図である。図において、この発明の
VLBIレーダ探査法は、VLBI観測局10に備える
大型の送信アンテナ1から、信号発生部2で出力した白
色雑音もしくはPN(擬似雑音)拡散信号を送信信号3
として放射し、観測物体(ここでは月)4に当たって戻
ってきた後方散乱波5をVLBI観測局10の受信アン
テナ6で受信し、送信時に送信記録部7で記録した送信
記録信号と、受信時に受信記録部8で記録した受信記録
信号との相関処理を相関処理部9で順次行い、地球・月
間位置の変化による相関クロススペクトルの時系列デー
タ(空間周波数スペクトル)を求め、2次元逆フーリエ
変換することで、月4の表面の像および月4までの距離
を得るようになっている。
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a VLBI radar search method according to the present invention. In the figure, the VLBI radar search method of the present invention uses a large transmission antenna 1 provided in a VLBI observation station 10 to transmit a white noise or PN (pseudo noise) spread signal output by a signal generation unit 2 to a transmission signal 3.
The backscattered wave 5 that has returned and hit the observation object (here, the moon) 4 is received by the reception antenna 6 of the VLBI observation station 10, and a transmission record signal recorded by the transmission recording unit 7 at the time of transmission and a reception record at the time of reception Correlation processing with the received recording signal recorded by the recording unit 8 is sequentially performed by the correlation processing unit 9 to obtain time-series data (spatial frequency spectrum) of a correlation cross spectrum due to a change in the earth / month position, and perform two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform. Thus, the image of the surface of the moon 4 and the distance to the moon 4 can be obtained.

【0014】図2はこの発明のVLBIレーダ探査法の
より具体的な構成例を示す図である。図において、先ず
信号発生部2のノイズダイオード等により作られた白色
雑音もしくはPN拡散信号を送信信号3として、送信ア
ンテナ1から月4に向かって発信する。この送信信号3
は、原子時計を内蔵するVLBIデータ収集装置17お
よびデータレコーダ171により記録され、送信記録信
号として出力される。受信アンテナ6は、月4から戻っ
てくる後方散乱波5を受信する。この受信信号は、原子
時計を内蔵するVLBIデータ収集装置18およびデー
タレコーダ181により記録され、受信記録信号として
出力される。VLBI相関処理装置19は、入力された
送信記録信号と受信記録信号とに相関処理を施し、相関
クロススペクトルの時系列データ(空間周波数スペクト
ル)を求める。このデータには、月面までの距離情報、
月面の状態、月面での反射係数等の情報が含まれてお
り、2次元逆フーリエ変換することで、それらの情報を
入手することができる。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a more specific configuration example of the VLBI radar search method of the present invention. In the figure, first, a white noise or a PN spread signal generated by a noise diode or the like of the signal generation unit 2 is transmitted as a transmission signal 3 from the transmission antenna 1 toward the moon 4. This transmission signal 3
Are recorded by the VLBI data collection device 17 and the data recorder 171 having a built-in atomic clock, and are output as transmission recording signals. The receiving antenna 6 receives the backscattered wave 5 returning from the month 4. This received signal is recorded by the VLBI data collection device 18 and the data recorder 181 having a built-in atomic clock, and is output as a received record signal. The VLBI correlation processing device 19 performs a correlation process on the input transmission recording signal and the reception recording signal to obtain time-series data (spatial frequency spectrum) of a correlation cross spectrum. This data includes distance information to the moon,
Information such as the state of the lunar surface and the reflection coefficient on the lunar surface is included, and the information can be obtained by performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform.

【0015】上記のVLBIレーダ探査法では、月4は
アンテナ追尾により観測される。また、微弱電波を受信
するため指向性の高いアンテナの方が有利である。観測
は、月4が地球自転により地球の陰に入るまで行われ
る。
In the above VLBI radar search method, the moon 4 is observed by antenna tracking. Further, an antenna having high directivity for receiving a weak radio wave is more advantageous. Observations will be made until Moon 4 enters the shadow of the Earth due to Earth rotation.

【0016】ここで、アンテナ直径Lsを仮定し、観測
波長をλとするとアンテナビーム幅(半値幅)βsは、
次式(4)で表される。
Here, assuming the antenna diameter Ls, and letting the observation wavelength be λ, the antenna beam width (half width) βs is
It is expressed by the following equation (4).

【数4】 送信受信アンテナ1,6は、月4を追尾するので、合成
されるアンテナの長さLsは、地球の月に対する移動距
離と等価となる。
(Equation 4) Since the transmitting and receiving antennas 1 and 6 track the moon 4, the combined antenna length Ls is equivalent to the moving distance of the earth relative to the moon.

【0017】このときの散乱(断面積)半径δxは、月
4との距離をRsとすると、次式(5)で表される。
The scattering (cross-sectional area) radius δx at this time is represented by the following equation (5), where Rs is the distance from the moon 4.

【数5】 この式(5)から、散乱(断面積)半径δxは、周波数
(1/λ)、物理アンテナ径Ls、月4との距離Rsに
より決定されることが分かる。
(Equation 5) From this equation (5), it can be seen that the scattering (cross-sectional area) radius δx is determined by the frequency (1 / λ), the physical antenna diameter Ls, and the distance Rs from the moon 4.

【0018】ところで、月4の表面から地上の受信アン
テナ6までの距離(反射波の到達時間)は、地球の回
転、月の軌道等により変化し、各受信アンテナ6での受
信信号位相に微小な差が生じる。このため、地球上の観
測局10の地球自転・公転による歳差・章動・光行差、
月の軌道等により発生する受信信号位相の影響を補正す
ることで、各受信信号間の相関を得ることができる。相
関処理時に月表面上の散乱(断面積)半径内の各点は、
地上局受信アンテナ6の位置との関係による遅延・遅延
変化率の違いにより、2次元上の値として分離可能であ
る。
The distance from the surface of the moon 4 to the receiving antenna 6 on the ground (the arrival time of the reflected wave) varies depending on the rotation of the earth, the orbit of the moon, and the like, and the received signal phase at each receiving antenna 6 has a small amount. Significant differences occur. For this reason, the precession, nutation, and optical path difference due to the earth rotation and revolution of the observation station 10 on the earth,
The correlation between the received signals can be obtained by correcting the influence of the received signal phase generated by the orbit of the moon or the like. Each point within the scattering (cross-sectional area) radius on the lunar surface during the correlation process is
It can be separated as a two-dimensional value due to the difference in delay and delay change rate depending on the position of the ground station receiving antenna 6.

【0019】この分離は、VLBI観測局10の送信ア
ンテナ1、受信アンテナ6の配置が広いほど高分解能で
行われる。これにより得られるのが空間周波数スペクト
ルである。この空間周波数スペクトルは、地球・月の位
置により変化する。合成アンテナは、これら位置の違い
により得られた空間周波数スペクトルを合成することで
実現される。
This separation is performed with higher resolution as the arrangement of the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 6 of the VLBI observation station 10 is wider. The result is a spatial frequency spectrum. This spatial frequency spectrum changes depending on the position of the earth / moon. The synthesis antenna is realized by synthesizing the spatial frequency spectrum obtained by the difference between these positions.

【0020】地球の自転・公転(対象が月の場合、月の
公転)により、月4と地球上の観測局10により構成さ
れる各空間における相関クロススペクトルの時系列デー
タ(空間周波数スペクトル)を求め、2次元逆フーリエ
変換することで得られる合成アンテナは、地球の自転直
径・公転直径(対象が月の場合は、月の公転直径)を持
った巨大アンテナとなる。月が地球を周回しているが、
月を固定して見ると相対的に地球が周回しており、月の
公転直径分に相当するアンテナを合成でき、その合成ア
ンテナで月を観測することになるため高分解能が得ら
れ、これにより、月を細かく見ることができる。
By the rotation / revolution of the earth (or moon revolution when the target is a moon), time series data (spatial frequency spectrum) of the correlation cross spectrum in each space constituted by the moon 4 and the observation station 10 on the earth is obtained. Thus, the resultant antenna obtained by performing the two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is a giant antenna having the rotation diameter and the revolution diameter of the earth (or the moon's revolution diameter if the target is a moon). The moon orbits the earth,
When the moon is fixed and viewed, the earth orbits relatively, and an antenna equivalent to the orbital diameter of the moon can be synthesized, and high resolution is obtained because the moon is observed with the synthesized antenna, You can see the moon in detail.

【0021】実際は、月の自転周期と公転周期が同じ一
恒星月(27.32日)であるため、常に月の同一面し
か地球に向かない。この効果により、せっかくの月の公
転による位置変化が自転により相殺され、地球の自転に
よる効果と月の秤動(緯度方向:±6度、経度方向:±
7度)により地球に向いた面が僅かに変動する効果のみ
となり、合成アンテナ直径は約9万km程度となる。
Actually, since the rotation period and the orbital period of the moon are the same one star moon (27.32 days), only the same surface of the moon always faces the earth. Due to this effect, the change in position due to the orbital rotation of the moon is offset by the rotation, and the effect of the rotation of the earth and the gyration of the moon (latitude: ± 6 degrees, longitude: ±
7 degrees), only the effect of slightly changing the surface facing the earth is obtained, and the combined antenna diameter is about 90,000 km.

【0022】VLBIは、遙か彼方の電波星を観測対象
とし、観測した複数局の信号の相関を取ることで地上の
観測局間の距離をmm精度で測定したり、観測対象の構
造を得ることが可能な技術である。このため、非常に微
弱な電波を扱うことを前提としてVLBIシステムが構
築されている。このVLBIシステムでは、遙か彼方の
電波星からの信号を受信するのみで地上からの送信は行
わない。
The VLBI measures the distance between observation stations on the ground with millimeter accuracy or obtains the structure of the observation object by correlating the signals of a plurality of observed stations with the radio star far away as the observation target. It is a possible technology. For this reason, a VLBI system has been constructed on the premise that extremely weak radio waves are handled. This VLBI system only receives signals from far away radio stars and does not transmit from the ground.

【0023】これに対し、本発明のVLBIレーダ探査
法では、地上からの送信を行い、信号発生部2からの人
工的な白色雑音もしくはPN拡散信号を電波源として用
いる。このため、受信された信号(後方散乱波5)は、
VLBI同様低SNR(信号対雑音比)であるが、SN
R無限大の送信記録信号を参照信号として、受信記録信
号との相関処理を相関処理部9において行うことで、微
弱な受信信号の検出を可能としている。
On the other hand, in the VLBI radar search method of the present invention, transmission is performed from the ground, and artificial white noise or a PN spread signal from the signal generator 2 is used as a radio wave source. Therefore, the received signal (backscattered wave 5)
It has low SNR (signal to noise ratio) like VLBI, but SN
By using the transmission recording signal of R infinity as a reference signal and performing correlation processing with the reception recording signal in the correlation processing unit 9, it is possible to detect a weak reception signal.

【0024】ここで、本方式での信号対雑音比SNRを
見積もる。観測に用いる白色雑音もしくはPN拡散信号
の周波数帯を8.3GHz、送信出力50W、帯域12
8MHz、送信アンテナ直径64m、アンテナ効率0.
6とすると、送信電力密度は次式(6)で表される。
Here, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in this system is estimated. The frequency band of the white noise or PN spread signal used for observation is 8.3 GHz, transmission output 50 W, band 12
8 MHz, transmitting antenna diameter 64 m, antenna efficiency 0.
Assuming that the transmission power density is 6, the transmission power density is expressed by the following equation (6).

【数6】 月までの平均距離を3.82x108mとすると、月面
でのビーム直径は215.6kmとなり、月面での電波
強度は次式(7)で求められる。
(Equation 6) Assuming that the average distance to the moon is 3.82 × 10 8 m, the beam diameter on the moon is 215.6 km, and the radio field intensity on the moon is obtained by the following equation (7).

【数7】 ここで、送信アンテナと受信アンテナ間距離を3kmと
仮定する。これにより合成されるVLBI仮想アンテナ
で受信される有効範囲(VLBI合成ビーム)は直径6
900mであり、月面での後方散乱係数を0.01と仮
定し、後方散乱信号を通常のVLBIの電波源と考え、
月−地球間の伝搬による減衰を考慮すると地球表面での
受信電波強度は、次式(8)となる。
(Equation 7) Here, it is assumed that the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is 3 km. The effective range (VLBI combined beam) received by the VLBI virtual antenna combined thereby has a diameter of 6
900 m, assuming a backscattering coefficient on the moon of 0.01, and considering the backscattered signal as a normal VLBI radio source,
Considering the attenuation due to the propagation between the moon and the earth, the received radio wave intensity on the earth's surface is given by the following equation (8).

【数8】 この電波を直径11m、アンテナ効率0.5、システム
雑音100Kのアンテナで受信し、積分時間100秒で
通常のVLBIを行ったと仮定すると信号対雑音比SN
Rは、「0.018」となる。
(Equation 8) Assuming that this radio wave is received by an antenna having a diameter of 11 m, an antenna efficiency of 0.5, and a system noise of 100 K, and a normal VLBI is performed with an integration time of 100 seconds, a signal-to-noise ratio SN is assumed.
R is “0.018”.

【0025】これに対し、本方式では、送信時の送信信
号を記録し、それを参照信号として相関をとるようにし
ており、この場合のSNRは、「53.3」と大きな値
となり、大幅に改善される。
On the other hand, in the present system, a transmission signal at the time of transmission is recorded, and the correlation is used as a reference signal. In this case, the SNR becomes a large value of "53.3", To be improved.

【0026】通常のVLBIでは、観測局で受信される
低SNR信号どうしの相関をとるため相関振幅10-4
度が一般的である。これに対し、本発明のVLBIレー
ダ探査法では、相関をとる信号の一方、すなわち送信信
号がSNR無限大であるので、10-2程度の相関振幅が
得られ、検出感度が著しく改善される。往復の正確な時
間も観測量として得られるため、表面の情報以外に月面
までの距離も正確に求められる。
In a normal VLBI, a correlation amplitude of about 10 -4 is generally used to correlate low SNR signals received at an observation station. On the other hand, according to the VLBI radar search method of the present invention, one of the correlated signals, that is, the transmission signal has an infinite SNR, so that a correlation amplitude of about 10 −2 is obtained, and the detection sensitivity is significantly improved. Since the exact time of the round trip is also obtained as the amount of observation, the distance to the lunar surface as well as the surface information can be obtained accurately.

【0027】VLBIのみでは、地球上の観測局10の
アンテナ配置により地球直径までの合成アンテナが可能
ではあるものの、月の電波放射強度変化のみからは相関
を得ることはできず、月面像を得ることは無理である。
本発明では、地球上より人工の電波を放射することでS
NRを改善でき、電波の照射された範囲を詳しく見るこ
とができる。すなわち、送信時に記録した送信記録信号
と、受信時に記録した受信記録信号との相関を求めるこ
とで、通常のVLBIより高SNRで空間周波数スペク
トルを求め、地球・月間の様々な位置での空間周波数ス
ペクトルを2次元逆フーリエ変換することで、月表面の
像をVLBIのみの手法に比べて一層細かく得ることが
できる。そして、これら1回毎の測定結果を地球自転、
月の秤動によりアンテナが移動する軌跡上において合成
をかけ、巨大なアンテナを構築することができる。
With the VLBI alone, a composite antenna up to the earth diameter is possible by the antenna arrangement of the observation station 10 on the earth, but a correlation cannot be obtained only from the change in the radio wave radiation intensity of the moon, and the lunar surface image cannot be obtained. It is impossible to get.
In the present invention, the emission of artificial radio waves from the earth
The NR can be improved, and the range irradiated with the radio wave can be seen in detail. That is, by obtaining a correlation between a transmission recording signal recorded at the time of transmission and a reception recording signal recorded at the time of reception, a spatial frequency spectrum is obtained at a higher SNR than normal VLBI, and spatial frequencies at various positions between the earth and the moon are obtained. By performing the two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the spectrum, it is possible to obtain a finer image of the surface of the moon as compared to a method using only VLBI. Then, the results of each of these measurements are used for earth rotation,
A giant antenna can be constructed by synthesizing the trajectory of the antenna as the moon moves.

【0028】また、従来技術と異なり、パルス状の繰り
返し信号もしくはチャープ信号(周波数的にスウィープ
した信号)を用いるのではなく、人工的な広帯域白色雑
音もしくはPN符号による拡散信号を用いて計測を行う
ため、パルスの発生周期等による曖昧さがない。
Also, unlike the prior art, the measurement is performed using artificial broadband white noise or a PN code spread signal instead of using a pulse-like repetitive signal or chirp signal (frequency-swept signal). Therefore, there is no ambiguity due to the pulse generation period or the like.

【0029】なお、上記の説明では、観測物体を月であ
るとして説明したが、小惑星やその他の物体であっても
よい。
In the above description, the observation object is the moon, but may be an asteroid or another object.

【0030】以上述べたように、この発明のVLBIレ
ーダ探査法では、地上のVLBIシステムを用いるの
で、地球上から安定して常時観測することができ、ま
た、観測物体の公転・地球の自転を利用して大規模な合
成アンテナを構築できるので、高分解能を得ることがで
きる。さらに、送信時に人工的に作られた白色雑音もし
くはPN拡散信号を送信信号として記録し、受信信号と
の相関処理を行うので、従来のVLBIと異なり相関を
とる信号の一方はSNRが無限大となり、詳細に観測物
体の表面や観測物体までの距離を観測することができ
る。
As described above, in the VLBI radar exploration method of the present invention, since the VLBI system on the ground is used, stable and constant observation can be performed from above the earth, and the revolution of the observed object and the rotation of the earth can be performed. Since a large-scale synthetic antenna can be constructed by using this, high resolution can be obtained. Furthermore, since white noise or a PN spread signal artificially created at the time of transmission is recorded as a transmission signal and subjected to correlation processing with a reception signal, one of the signals having a correlation unlike the conventional VLBI has an infinite SNR. It is possible to observe the surface of the observation object and the distance to the observation object in detail.

【0031】[0031]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明のVLB
Iレーダ探査法によれば、地上のVLBIシステムを用
いるので、地球上から安定して常時観測することがで
き、また、観測物体の公転・地球の自転・地球の公転を
利用して大規模な合成アンテナを構築できるので、高分
解能を得ることができる。さらに、送信時に人工的に作
られた白色雑音もしくはPN拡散信号を送信信号として
記録し、受信信号との相関処理を行うので、従来のVL
BIと異なり相関をとる信号の一方はSNRが無限大と
なり、詳細に観測物体の表面や観測物体までの距離を観
測することができる。
As described above, according to the VLB of the present invention,
According to the I radar search method, since the ground VLBI system is used, stable and constant observations can be made from the earth, and large-scale observations can be made using the revolution of the observation object, the rotation of the earth, and the revolution of the earth. Since a composite antenna can be constructed, high resolution can be obtained. Furthermore, since a white noise or a PN spread signal artificially created at the time of transmission is recorded as a transmission signal and subjected to correlation processing with a reception signal, the conventional VL
Unlike BI, one of the correlated signals has an infinite SNR, so that the surface of the observation object and the distance to the observation object can be observed in detail.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】この発明のVLBIレーダ探査法の構成を概略
的に示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a VLBI radar search method according to the present invention.

【図2】この発明のVLBIレーダ探査法のより具体的
な構成例を示す図である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a more specific configuration example of the VLBI radar search method of the present invention.

【図3】合成開口レーダ(SAR)方式の説明図であ
る。
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system.

【図4】ドップラレーダ方式の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a Doppler radar system.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 送信アンテナ 2 信号発生部 3 送信信号 4 月 5 後方散乱波 6 受信アンテナ 7 送信記録部 8 受信記録部 9 相関処理部 10 観測局 17 データ収集装置 171 データレコーダ 18 データ収集装置 181 データレコーダ 19 相関処理装置 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 transmission antenna 2 signal generation unit 3 transmission signal April 5 backscattered wave 6 reception antenna 7 transmission recording unit 8 reception recording unit 9 correlation processing unit 10 observation station 17 data collection device 171 data recorder 18 data collection device 181 data recorder 19 correlation Processing equipment

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 大型送信アンテナから白色雑音または擬
似雑音拡散信号を送信して観測物体に当て、戻ってきた
後方散乱波をVLBI受信アンテナで受信し、送信時に
記録した送信記録信号と、受信時に記録した受信記録信
号との相関処理を順次行い、地球・観測物体間位置の変
化による相関クロススペクトルの時系列データを求め、
2次元逆フーリエ変換することで、観測物体表面の像お
よび観測物体までの距離を得る、ことを特徴とするVL
BIレーダ探査法。
1. A large-sized transmitting antenna transmits a white noise or pseudo-noise spread signal to an observation object, receives a returned backscattered wave by a VLBI receiving antenna, records a transmission recording signal recorded at the time of transmission, and Correlation processing is sequentially performed with the received received recording signal, and time series data of a correlation cross spectrum due to a change in the position between the earth and the observed object is obtained.
A VL that obtains an image of the surface of the observed object and a distance to the observed object by performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform.
BI radar search method.
JP21210999A 1999-07-27 1999-07-27 VLBI radar search method Expired - Lifetime JP3172739B2 (en)

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