JP2001009419A - Garbage drying and treating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dry garbage and to produce pellets of arbitrary sizes without the generation of hazardous materials, such as dioxins. SOLUTION: The garbage pulverized by a pulverizing machine 1 is mechanically compressed and is subjected to a dehydration treatment by a dehydrating machine 2. The dehydrated garbage from the dehydrating machine 2 is mixed with hot air via a duct 5 by a hot air fan 4 and is blasted to a dehydrating device 6. The dehydrated garbage sent by the hot air fan 4 in the dehydrating device 6 is brought into collision against the inside wall surface, by which the garbage is further subjected to the dehydration treatment. The dehydrated garbage is thereafter approximately completely dried in a vacuum heating state by a vacuum heating furnace 12 and is mixed and kneaded with the treated garbage by a kneading screw 22. The kneaded and treated garbage is compressed to a caky body by a compressing screw 24. The treated garbage formed to the caky body is cut at arbitrary sizes by a cutter section 25.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage processing apparatus capable of drying garbage appropriately and finally forming pellets (mass) of an arbitrary size. The present invention relates to a garbage vacuum drying processing apparatus capable of performing the above processing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Garbage disposal has been an important issue in the living environment for a long time. Particularly, in recent years, public awareness of waste disposal has increased and knowledge has been deepened. It is required to control or eliminate the problem of (land) and the generation of harmful substances during waste disposal. In particular, the demand is further strengthened due to the tendency of waste treatment facilities being installed adjacent to general residential areas.

[0003] At present, generally, garbage is carried to a garbage dumping site in an untreated state, or is incinerated at a garbage incineration plant and then dumped, or processed as fertilizer.

[0004]

At present, it is not possible to easily secure a large-scale waste dumping site, and accordingly, a garbage disposal technique for reducing the amount of waste, that is, drying or incineration has been advanced.

[0005] However, what matters when drying and incinerating garbage is the generation of odors and harmful substances, and the generation of dioxin is a very serious problem. Dioxin has a structure in which oxygen and chlorine are combined, as can be seen from the typical chemical formula of dioxin shown in FIG. 10. During incineration of garbage, chlorine contained in garbage is burned during the combustion process. It is often generated by chemically bonding with oxygen.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and enables vacuum drying of garbage, which can dry garbage and produce pellets of any size without generating harmful substances such as dioxin. It is an object to provide a processing device.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a crushing means for crushing garbage and a first dehydrating means for mechanically compressing the crushed garbage to perform a dehydration treatment. A hot air blowing means for mixing the dewatered refuse from the first dewatering means with hot air to blow the dewatered refuse;
A dewatering means, a vacuum heating means for applying a high temperature to the dewatered garbage in a substantially vacuum state while moving the dewatered refuse from the second dewatering means to perform a heat dehydration treatment, and a kneading method for mixing and kneading the treated refuse. Combining means, a compressing means to compress the treated refuse kneaded by the kneading means to form a cake, and a cutting means for cutting the cake-like body to an arbitrary size, by this configuration, After garbage is crushed and mechanically dewatered, it is heated to a high temperature in a vacuum and dried in a so-called steamed state, so that oxygen and chlorine are combined to generate dioxin during conventional garbage incineration. Without such a thing, it is possible to perform refuse treatment that does not adversely affect the environment, and furthermore, as a result of refuse treatment, the products generated do not contain dioxin, and any It is possible to is come, that can be easily handled and safe.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall structure of a vacuum drying apparatus for garbage for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a crusher for crushing garbage, and 2 is a crusher 1 for crushing garbage. A dehydrator 4 having a screw 3 for mechanically compressing and pulverizing the crushed garbage to perform dehydration processing, and the dehydrator 4 from the dehydrator 2 is mixed with hot air through a duct 5 and blown. The hot-air blower 6 is a dehydrator that performs dehydration processing by causing dewatered garbage sent from the hot-air blower 4 via the duct 5 to collide with each section inside the upper cylindrical portion 6a, and 7
Is a screw conveyor for transporting dewatered refuse discharged from the lower conical portion 6b of the dewatering device 6 to the lower part of the first bucket conveyor 8 which is vertically erected, and 9 is provided on the upper part of the first bucket conveyer 8 for dehydration refuse. Is a screw conveyor for transporting the dewatered waste from the intermediate tank 10 to the vacuum heating furnace 12. The vacuum heating furnace 12 has a transport screw 14 for moving dewatered refuse therein, and is provided with a heating burner 15, a vacuum pump 16, an odor incinerator 17, a cooler 18, and the like.

Further, reference numeral 19 denotes an intermediate tank for receiving the processing waste discharged from the transfer screw 14 of the vacuum drying furnace 12, and reference numeral 20 denotes a processing tank for transferring the processing waste from the intermediate tank 19 to a lower portion of a second bucket conveyor 21 which is vertically provided. Screw conveyor, 22 is a kneading screw for mixing and kneading the processing waste received from the upper part of the second bucket conveyor 21, 23 is a tank for receiving the kneaded processing waste, 2
Reference numeral 4 denotes a compression screw that compresses the processed waste in the tank 23 to form a cake, and reference numeral 25 denotes a cutter unit that cuts the processed waste in the cake into an arbitrary size.

Next, each part in the embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described more specifically.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the configuration of the crusher and the dehydrator, and FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing the configuration of the crusher and the dehydrator of FIG.
0 and the large-diameter gear 31 as a pair, and the gear pair (30
-31) is arranged in plural pairs so that the tooth portions of adjacent gears are shifted from each other.
Since the tooth height is different between the small diameter gear 30 and the large diameter gear 31,
As shown in the explanatory view of the meshing state in FIG. 4A, a gap C is formed by the peaks A and the valleys B in the meshing portion, and further, in the explanatory view of the joining state of the adjacent gears in FIG. As shown, since the teeth of the adjacent gears are shifted, a recess is formed in the valley B of the gear, the periphery of which is surrounded by the peaks A of the adjacent teeth. For this reason, the thrown garbage enters the recesses (valleys B) between the teeth by the rotation of the small-diameter gear 30 and the large-diameter gear 31, and is reliably compressed. It is not excessively compressed and does not adhere to the teeth, but is well mixed and falls.

The garbage pulverized by the pulverizer 1 as described above enters a dehydrator 2 having a screw 3 for mechanically compressing and performing a dewatering process. The dehydrator 2 is installed below the crusher 1, and crushed waste is conveyed by the screw 3 in a lateral direction (from left to right in FIG. 3). Screw 3
Has a large-diameter and wide pitch portion 3a on the upstream side (the lower portion of the crusher 1) in the transport direction, and a small-diameter and narrow pitch portion 3b on the downstream side in the transport direction.

For this reason, when the entire screw 3 is rotated at the same rotation speed, the feed amount of the crushed dust is larger in the wide pitch portion 3a than in the narrow pitch portion 3b.
At the boundary 33 between the wide pitch portion 3a and the narrow pitch portion 3b, the movement of the refuse is stopped. At this boundary 33 portion, the refuse is compressed and dehydrated (primary dehydration). By providing the water outlet 34 at the boundary 33, the dehydrated component is discharged outside the machine. Further, the primary dewatered waste is conveyed by the narrow pitch portion 3b and discharged from the open outlet 35.

The primary dewatered waste discharged from the dehydrator 2 as described above is sent to the dehydrator 6 together with hot air through the duct 5 by the hot air blower 4.

FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of the dehydrator, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the dehydrator with an upper member removed. The dehydrator 6 includes an upper cylindrical portion 6a and a lower conical portion 6b.
A large number of flat plate members 40 and 41 each having an angle on a concentric circle are vertically provided on the upper cylindrical portion 6a at a distance from the inner wall. In this example, the annular group of the flat plate members 40 and the annular group of the flat plate members 41 are doubled. Further, between the inner wall of the upper cylindrical portion 6a and the annular group of the flat plate members 40, the air outlet 42 for sending the hot air containing the primary dewatering debris G from the duct 5 to the inner wall is formed along the inner wall. Is provided.

The dewatering device 6 basically employs a cyclone-type water reducing method, and the primary dewatered refuse G, which has been pressure-fed together with hot air from the blower port 42, receives a large number of flat plates from the inner wall of the upper cylindrical portion 6a. At the time of the collision, the water contained in the primary dewatered garbage separates into a spiral state while separating, and further collides with the inner wall of the upper cylindrical portion 6a and the large number of flat members 40, 41. Repeat to do. By this repetition, the water is gradually separated from the primary dewatered waste, and the secondary dewatering is performed.

The water separated in the upper cylindrical portion 6a is discharged to the outside from the chimney 43 together with the exhaust gas. on the other hand,
The secondary dewatered waste is discharged to the lower discharge port 44 of the lower conical portion 6b.
From outside, and by screw conveyor 7,
It is conveyed to the lower part of the first bucket conveyor 8 which is erected vertically.

The secondary dewatered waste sent to the upper part of the first bucket conveyor 8 is sent to the intermediate tank 10 by the screw conveyor 9 and is temporarily stored. The secondary dewatered refuse is removed from the lower part of the intermediate tank 10 by a screw conveyor 11 at an appropriate timing by a vacuum heating furnace 12.
Transported to

The vacuum heating furnace 12 includes the screw conveyor 1
Conveyor screw 1 that receives and moves secondary dewatered garbage from 1
4, and further provided with a heating burner 15, a vacuum pump 16, an odor incinerator 17, a cooler 18, and the like. The secondary dewatered refuse is supplied to the vacuum heating furnace 1 in a vacuum / high temperature state by the transport screw 14.
Heating without supplying oxygen while moving inside 2,
That is, it is almost completely dried in the steamed state. Therefore, during the treatment, chlorine and oxygen contained in the refuse are not chemically bonded to each other, so that no dioxin is generated. Further, odors and the like generated in the heat treatment are removed by the odor incinerator 17, and the refuse after the treatment is cooled by blowing air from the cooler 18 if necessary.

The refuse treated under vacuum and high temperature conditions by the vacuum heating furnace 12 is discharged from an end portion of the transport screw 14 to an intermediate tank 19, temporarily stored, and is vertically moved by a screw conveyor 20 at an appropriate timing. It is conveyed to the lower part of the erected second bucket conveyor 21 and sent to the kneading screw 22 from the upper part of the second bucket conveyor 21.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of the kneading screw, and FIG.
Is a plan cross-sectional view of the same kneading screw. The kneading screw 22 has a plurality of (two in this example) conveying / kneading screws in which a plurality of screw blades 45a and 46a are connected uniaxially. 45, 46, and a plurality of spaces 47 are formed between the screw blades 45a, 46a.
8 are provided. Spaces 47 in the respective conveying / kneading screws 45 and 46 are arranged at positions shifted from each other.

The refuse sent from the upper part of the second bucket conveyor 21 to the kneading screw 22 is
5 and 46, the transport is temporarily stopped in each space 47 where the screw blades 45a and 46a are cut, and is pushed up and mixed with the processing waste to be transported next in this space 47. It is sequentially sent to the screw blades 45a and 46a on the downstream side in the next transport direction, and the push-up, mixing, and transport are performed one after another up to the end of the two screws 45 and 46, and the kneaded to the tank 23 in a well-kneaded state. Sent.

The kneaded waste is sent from the tank 23 to the compression screw 24 and the cutter unit 25 provided below the tank 23, and is finally discharged in the form of pellets to the outside.

FIG. 9 is a front sectional view of the compression screw and the cutter section. The compression screw 24 has a housing cylinder 50a, 5 whose diameter sequentially changes from large to medium to small in the conveying direction.
0b and 50c are provided with a different pitch screw 51 having a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter thereof and having a smaller pitch 51a, 51b, 51c in the transport direction. Wide pitch 5
When the mixed refuse is thrown in from the side of the portion 1a, the pitches 51a, 51b, and 51c of the different pitch screw 51 become narrower in the garbage transport direction, so that the amount of refuse moved is different, and thus the mixed refuse is processed. The boundary portions 52a, 52 of different pitches are gradually conveyed by the different pitch screw 51.
b, and finally becomes a compressed cake at the end portion of the narrow pitch 51c portion, and is sent to the cutter unit 25.

Incidentally, 53 in FIG.
The rubber (or punching metal) attached to the inner wall of Oc, so that the inner walls of the storage cylinders 50a to 50c have a greater frictional resistance than the surface of the different pitch screw 51. As a result, the storage cylinders 50a-5
On the inner wall side of 0c, it is possible to prevent the processed refuse being transported from being in a ball state, and the refuse compression processing by the different pitch screw 51 is satisfactorily performed.

The cutter unit 25 is provided with the small-diameter storage cylinder 5.
0c, a receiving tooth 55 having an arcuate outer side and having a plurality of through holes 55a formed therein, and a number of cutters 5 provided on the outer peripheral portion so as to be in sliding contact with the outer side of the receiving tooth 55.
And a rotating body 57 provided with a rotating member 6. The compressed cake-like body can be cut into pellets of an arbitrary size by controlling the rotating speed of the rotating body 57 by a control unit (not shown). It was done.

As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to produce a pellet-like processed product which is appropriately dried and has an appropriate size from garbage containing water, and furthermore, in the course of the process, oxygen is involved. Since there is no heating and drying, refuse treatment without generation of dioxin, which has been a problem in recent years, becomes possible. In addition, since the generated processed material can be almost completely dried, it can be used as compost or used as fuel.

In this embodiment, each unit (each unit) is described as a continuous plant (system). However, each unit (each unit) may be manufactured as an independent single-function unit.

Further, as an application of the present invention, it is possible to produce health foods, preserved foods and the like by introducing various suitable foods other than refuse and performing the above-described treatment.

[0031]

As described above, according to the present invention,
After the garbage is crushed and mechanically dewatered, it can be heated to a high temperature in a vacuum and dried almost completely in a so-called steamed state. Dioxin does not occur, and waste treatment that does not adversely affect the environment can be performed.Furthermore, as a result of waste treatment, the product generated does not contain dioxin, and any size Therefore, the handling is easy and safe, and the practical effects are great.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front structural view showing an entire garbage vacuum drying apparatus for describing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view showing a configuration of a crusher and a dehydrator in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing a configuration of a crusher and a dehydrator in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a related structure of a gear in the crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of a dehydrating apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the dehydrating apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention in a state where an upper member is removed.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of a kneading screw according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan sectional view of a kneading screw according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front sectional view of a compression screw and a cutter unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10: Chemical formula of dioxin

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Dehydrator 3 Screw 4 Hot air blower 6 Dehydrator 12 Vacuum heating furnace 14 Transport screw 15 Burner for heating 16 Vacuum pump 17 Odor incinerator 18 Cooler 22 Kneading screw 24 Compression screw 25 Cutter part

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F26B 17/04 ZAB B09B 3/00 303M 5/00 ZABP F-term (Reference) 3L113 AA03 AB10 AC04 AC24 AC40 AC41 AC59 AC63 AC86 AC87 BA01 CB34 DA21 DA26 DA30 4D004 AA03 AC05 CA04 CA13 CA15 CA22 CA32 CA42 CA48 CB12 CB13 CB34 CB36 DA02 DA13 4D053 AA03 AB01 BA01 BB02 BC01 BD01 CA01 CB14 CD02 CF05 DA10

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A crushing means for crushing garbage, a first dewatering means for mechanically compressing the crushed garbage to perform a dehydration treatment, and a dewatering refuse from the first dewatering means being heated with hot air. Hot air blowing means for mixing and blowing air, second dewatering means for causing dewatered refuse sent from the hot air blowing means to collide with a wall surface to further perform dehydration processing, and moving dewatered refuse from the second dewatering means. Vacuum heating means for applying a high temperature to the dewatered garbage in a vacuum state to perform a heat dehydration treatment, kneading means for mixing and kneading the treated garbage, and compressing the treated garbage kneaded by this kneading means. A garbage drying treatment apparatus, comprising: compression means for forming a cake-like body by cutting; and cutting means for cutting the cake-like body to an arbitrary size. 2. The garbage drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crushing means is configured to mesh at least a pair of gears having different diameters, and crushes the garbage by passing the meshing portion. . 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first dewatering means is constituted by a screw having a wide pitch on the upstream side in the conveying direction of the refuse and a narrow pitch on the downstream side in the conveying direction of the refuse. The garbage drying treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 4. The dewatering refuse sent from the hot air blowing means to the second dehydrating means, wherein a number of flat plates are vertically arranged substantially concentrically in a cylindrical body, and the cylindrical inner wall and the flat plates are sent from the hot air blowing means. The garbage drying treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the garbage drying treatment apparatus is constituted by a blowing unit for causing the dewatering process to be performed by the collision. 5. The vacuum heating means comprises a vacuum furnace provided with a refuse transfer means therein, a deodorizing means provided in the middle of the processing, and a cooling means provided in the final processing step. Item 7. A garbage drying apparatus according to Item 1. 6. The garbage drying process according to claim 1, wherein said kneading means comprises a plurality of screw portions for transporting the refuse and a refuse mixing space provided between the respective screw portions. apparatus. 7. The compression means is constituted by a screw having a wide pitch on the upstream side in the conveying direction of the processing waste and a narrow pitch on the downstream side, and compressing the processing waste into a cake-like body while conveying the same. The garbage drying treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: 8. The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein a number of cutters are provided around the rotating body, and the cake-like body is cut to an arbitrary size by controlling the number of rotations of the rotating body. Item 7. A garbage drying apparatus according to Item 1.