JP2000510498A - Improvement of oily composition containing active sulfur - Google Patents

Improvement of oily composition containing active sulfur

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Publication number
JP2000510498A
JP2000510498A JP08506201A JP50620196A JP2000510498A JP 2000510498 A JP2000510498 A JP 2000510498A JP 08506201 A JP08506201 A JP 08506201A JP 50620196 A JP50620196 A JP 50620196A JP 2000510498 A JP2000510498 A JP 2000510498A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
double bond
carbon atoms
compound
olefinically unsaturated
composition
Prior art date
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Application number
JP08506201A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
デイル ロバート カーロル
ブリッド ディルワース
マイケル アン ソーンヒル
Original Assignee
エクソン ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド
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Application filed by エクソン ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド filed Critical エクソン ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド
Publication of JP2000510498A publication Critical patent/JP2000510498A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10N2070/02Concentrating of additives

Abstract

(57)【要約】 活性イオウ含有添加剤を含む潤滑組成物のニトリルエラストマーシールとの適合性は、該添加剤又はそれを含む濃縮物又は該組成物を次の化合物より選ばれる1種以上のオレフィン性不飽和化合物で処理することにより高められる:(a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2つの二重結合を有する非環式化合物;(b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子によって最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2つの二重結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び(c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。   (57) [Summary] The compatibility of a lubricating composition containing an active sulfur-containing additive with a nitrile elastomer seal is such that the additive or a concentrate containing the same or the composition is treated with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds selected from the following compounds: Enhanced by treating: (a) an acyclic compound having at least two double bonds in which adjacent double bonds are separated by two saturated carbon atoms; (b) at least eight carbon atoms; A compound comprising an alicyclic ring having at least two double bonds, wherein each double bond is separated from the nearest neighboring double bond by two saturated carbon atoms; and (c) a saturated alicyclic ring; A compound having at least one exocyclic double bond.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 活性イオウ含有油性組成物の改良技術分野 本発明は、エラストマーシールの長期信頼性の改善に関し、特に、エンジンの ニトリルシールが最新のエンジン設計及び操作条件から生じる十分な必要性及び 環境上の配慮を満たすことを可能にすることに関する。背景技術 伝動機構、例えば、自動車の伝動機構には、潤滑剤の漏出を防止しかつ不純物 の進入を防止する軸と軸受シールが必要である。シールの寿命は、特に、閉塞す る使用に対する使用シールの適合性、シールを設備するのに用いられる注意度、 使用中にシールが曝される温度、シールが接触する潤滑剤の種類及び使用中にシ ールが接触する表面の状態に左右される。シールの破損は、ほとんどの場合、潤 滑剤の漏出をまねき、ますます許容できないものとみなされ、もはや企図された 機能を行うことができないシールは、ふつうは取り替えなければならない。従っ て、シールの寿命ができるだけ長く延長されることが求められている。 国際出願第85/04896号には、潤滑剤の不安定なイオウを含まない添加剤が、不 安定なイオウを含む添加剤を銅又は銅及び不安定なイオウと反応性の他の物質又 はオレフィン、特にα−オレフィン、好ましくは炭素原子4〜30個、特に炭素 原子10〜20個を有するα−オレフィンで処理することにより得られることが 示されている。実施例に記載されたオレフィンは、全てC15-18又はC16-18α− オレフィンである。 C15-18α−オレフィンは、また、米国特許第4 228 022号に記載された方法に 使用するのに好ましい化合物である。一般的には、該オレフィンは、好ましくは 炭素原子10〜30個、特に炭素原子15〜20個を有しかつ直鎖又は分枝鎖で あってもよいことが示されている。 欧州出願第151 581 B号は、添加剤を含む潤滑剤が銅及び類似物質に非ステイ ン性及び非腐食性であることを行わせるのに十分低レベルの活性イオウを有する 潤滑油添加剤の調製に関する。炭素原子8〜36個を有するオレフィン性不飽和 化合物が用いられている。オレフィン性不飽和化合物は、1つ以上の非芳香族二 重結合を有する化合物であり、線状又は脂環式であってもよい。α−オレフィン 、特にC16-18α−オレフィンが好ましいが、他の種類のオレフィン性不飽和化 合物も言及されている。 米国特許第4 147 640号は、金属及びリンを含まず銅−鉛軸受を腐食から保護 する能力を有する潤滑油酸化防止添加剤の調製に関し、これにも硫化物質とオレ フィンとを反応させて生成物の腐食性を減ずることが開示されている。使用オレ フィンは、炭素原子約6〜18個及びオレフィン二重結合1〜3個を有する。好 ましい化合物は、シクロペンタジエン二量体及びアロオシメンである。 特に油溶性イオウ含有有機化合物を含む潤滑油組成物を開示している他の明細 書は、国際出願第86/04601号、同第86/04602号、同第86/03772号及び同第86/026 38号及び米国特許第4 664 825号である。これら5件の明細書は全て、硫化有機 化合物をアルカリ金属硫化物で処理することにより該化合物の活性又は未反応イ オウ含量を減少させる可能性を言及している。開示された組成物のニトリルシー ル適合性が良好であることも示されている。 そこで、本出願人は、シールと接触している潤滑組成物が活性イオウを含む場 合、該組成物中に特定のオレフィン性不飽和化合物を含むことによりニトリルエ ラストマーシールの寿命が著しく高められることを発見した。“活性”イオウと は、ニトリルエラストマーを侵食する元素のイオウを含むイオウを意味する。 シール適合性及び銅腐食性の課題はイオウ含有添加剤に関する従来技術で取り 組まれてきたが、なお改良された又は代替生成物又はかかる添加剤とエラストマ ーシール、特にニトリルシールとの適合性を改良する方法が求められている。シ ール適合性の課題は、ニトリルシールと接触する潤滑油組成物においてイオウ含 有添加剤の効用を致命的に損なうことである。発明の開示 本出願人は、驚くべきことに、活性イオウ含有潤滑油添加剤、濃縮物又は組成 物を処理するために選ばれた特定のオレフィン性不飽和化合物を用いると、ニト リルエラストマーシールの寿命に特に著しい延長がもたらされることを見出した 。 本発明は、通常相対的に高レベルのイオウ含有物質を含む高荷重形ディーゼルエ ンジン用潤滑剤のような潤滑剤に特に有効である。 本発明は、下記の成分を混合することにより得られる潤滑組成物を提供するも のである。 (1)多割合の潤滑油; (2)活性イオウ含有油溶性添加剤;及び (3)下記の化合物より選ばれる油溶性オレフィン性不飽和化合物: (a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2つ の二重結合を有する非環式化合物; (b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子によ って最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2つの 二重結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び (c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。 本発明は、また、活性イオウ含有潤滑油添加剤、濃縮物又は組成物を前項で指 定したオレフィン性不飽和化合物で処理することを特徴とする処理法を提供する ものである。 本発明は、更に、エラストマーに有害な作用を及ぼすイオウ及び/又はイオウ 含有化合物を含む潤滑組成物のニトリルエラストマー適合性を向上させるために 使用される上記(a)、(b)及び(c)より選ばれるオレフィン性不飽和化合 物の使用を提供するものである。例えば、上記(a)、(b)及び(c)より選 ばれるオレフィン性不飽和化合物は、ニトリルエラストマーがイオウ及び/又は イオウ含有化合物を含む潤滑組成物によって分解される傾向を減じるために用い られので、かかる組成物と接触しているエンジンシールの寿命を延長するように 用いられる。 潤滑組成物中に酸化防止剤、極圧添加剤及び耐摩耗性添加剤及び/又は耐荷重 性添加剤のようなイオウ含有添加剤が広く用いられており、一般に用いられる種 類のイオウ含有添加剤は硫化フェノール、硫化オレフィン及びリン及び/又はイ オウ含有酸の塩、例えば、ホスホロジチオ酸及びジチオカルバミン酸であるが、 本発明はこれらの個々の種類の添加剤に限定されない。かかる添加剤は、種々の 機能性流体、例えば、作動液、自動変速機液及び熱媒体液を含む潤滑剤、例えば 、クランクケース潤滑油、ギヤ潤滑剤及び金属加工油に用いられる。 硫化フェノールとしては、フェノール又はアルキルフェノールのモノ、ジ及び ポリスルフィド、その塩及びその過塩基塩が含まれる。アルキルフェノールは、 芳香環に対して1個以上のアルキル基を含むことができる。潤滑油添加剤として 用いられる典型的な硫化アルキルフェノールは、下記式で表される。 式中、Rはアルキル基を表し、nは0又は1〜4の整数であり、pは1〜3の整 数であり、xは1〜4の整数であり、アルキル基の平均炭素原子数は油中に適切 な溶解を十分行わせるだけの数である。Rで表される個々の基は典型的には炭素 原子5〜40個、好ましくは8〜20個を有する。硫化フェノールの金属塩は、 アルキルフェノールスルフィドと十分量の金属含有物質、例えば、金属酸化物又 は水酸化物と反応させて中性又は所望される場合には過塩基硫化金属フェネート を得ることにより得られる。過塩基金属フェネートの調製方法は、当該技術にお いて周知であり、ここで記載することを必要としない。 潤滑組成物に用いられる硫化オレフィン及び他の不飽和化合物の例は、本明細 書で前に言及した従来技術、例えば、国際出願第86/04601号及び同第86/02638号 及び米国特許第4 664 825号に示されている。 ホスホロジチオ酸の塩としては、ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸金属塩、例え ば、ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸亜鉛(ZDDP)が含まれる。油性組成物に 用いられる特に好ましいZDDPは、式Zn[SP(S)(0R1)(OR2)]2(式中 、R1及びR2は炭素原子1〜18個、好ましくは2〜12個を有する。R1及び R2として炭素原子2〜8個を有するアルキル基が特に好ましい。R1及びR2が 表される基の例は、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブ チル基、i−ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、アミル基、n−ヘキシル基、i−ヘ キシル基、n−ヘプチル基、n−オクチル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、オクタデ シル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、フェニル基、ブチルフェニル基、シクロヘキシ ル基、メチルシクロペンチル基、プロペニル基及びブテニル基である。 ジチオカルバミン酸の塩は、典型的には式[RR’NC(S)S]nM(式中 、R及びR’は炭素原子1〜18個、好ましくは2〜12個を有する同一か又は 異なるヒドロカルビル基、例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、ア ラルキル基、アルカリル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す)を有する。Mは、適切 な金属、例えば、モリブデン、亜鉛又は銅が表される。潤滑油組成物に用いられ る好ましいジチオカルバメートは、炭素原子2〜12個を有するものである。 上述のイオウ含有潤滑油添加剤及び多くの他のイオウ含有潤滑油添加剤は、典 型的には、出発化合物とイオウ及び/又はイオウ含有化合物、例えば、硫化水素 又はイオウモノハロゲン化物又はジハロゲン化物とを反応させる方法によって調 製される。通常異なる化合物の混合物を含む硫化生成物は、典型的には、遊離し ているか或いはゆるく結合しているだけの少なくともいくらかのイオウを含み、 そのイオウがニトリルエラストマーを侵食するのに有効である:前に示したよう に、ニトリルエラストマーを侵食するイオウは本明細書中で“活性イオウ”と呼 ばれる。 高荷重形ディーゼルエンジン用潤滑剤は、典型的には、硫化アルキルフェノー ルのようなイオウ含有化合物を0〜3質量%含む。 本発明によれば、潤滑組成物用活性イオウ含有添加剤、該組成物自体又は好ま しくは、かかる添加剤を含む潤滑組成物を生成するための濃縮物は、下記の化合 物より選ばれる油溶性オレフィン性不飽和化合物で処理される。 (a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2つの 二重結合を有する非環式化合物; (b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子によっ て最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2つの二重 結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び (c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。 所望される場合には、上記(a)、(b)及び(c)より選ばれる1種を超え るオレフィン性不飽和化合物が用いられることは当然のことである。2種以上の 化合物が用いられる場合には、これらは同一グループからの化合物であることを 必要としない。従って、例えば、(a)より選ばれる化合物が(b)又は(c) より選ばれる化合物と用いられる。 グループ(a)の好ましい化合物は、無置換又は置換線状テルペンである。本 発明に用いられる無置換線状テルペンは、式(C68)n(式中、nは少なくとも 2である)、即ち、炭素原子と水素原子のみ有するテルペンで表される。本発明 に用いられる好ましい無置換線状テルペンは、スクアレン(上記式中のnは6で ある)である。本発明に用いられるべき線状テルペンに可能な置換基は、例えば 、ヒドロキシル基である。 好ましい置換テルペンとしては、ゲラニオール及びファルネソルが挙げられる 。 2つの二重結合のみ有する好ましいグループ(b)化合物は、1,5−シクロオ クタジエンである。所望される場合には、グループ(b)化合物は、少なくとも 3つの二重結合が含まれ、各二重結合の各端は2つの飽和炭素原子で各隣接の二 重結合から分けられている。3つの二重結合を有する好ましいグループ(b)化 合物は、1,5,9−シクロドデカトリエンである。 グループ(c)の化合物は、飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合 を有する化合物である。有利には、環外二重結合の1つが前記脂環式環中の炭素 原子と環外炭素原子を結合する。グループ(c)化合物中脂環式環は、好ましく は、少なくとも6個の炭素原子を含み、有利には、環炭素原子の3つと4員環を 形成するメチレン架橋基で置換される。かかる架橋基のメチレン炭素原子は、好 ましくは2つのメチル基で置換されていてもよい。特に好ましいグループ(c) 化合物は、β−ピネンである。 本発明に用いられる化合物中の脂肪族二重結合が、化合物で処理される添加剤 、濃縮物又は油性組成物中の活性イオウと反応して該イオウをニトリルシールに 有害な作用を及ぼさない形に“固定”すると考えられるが、決してこの説明によ って本発明が制限されるものとみなされるべきではない。 本発明に用いられる化合物は、処理されるべき添加剤、濃縮物又は油性組成物 中の活性イオウの割合に適切な割合で用いられ、ある場合における最も適切な割 合は通常の実験で求められる。最終潤滑油組成物(オレフィン性不飽和化合物を 含む)に対して一般に0.01〜5質量%、有利には0.05〜1質量%、好ましくは0. 05〜0.5質量%のオレフィン性不飽和化合物の使用が適切であるが、例えば、組 成物が相対的に高割合の活性イオウを含む場合には、いくぶん高割合のオレフィ ン性不飽和化合物の使用が望ましい。 上記に示されたように、オレフィン性不飽和化合物は、活性イオウ含有潤滑油 添加剤又はかかる添加剤を含有する潤滑油組成物(濃縮物又は仕上油)を処理す るために用いられる。しかしながら、有利には、該化合物は、活性イオウ含有添 加剤及び任意により1種以上の他の添加剤を含みかつ潤滑粘度を有する油及び任 意により1種以上の他の添加剤濃縮物又は添加剤と混合して最終潤滑油組成物を 形成することができる濃縮物を処理するために用いられる。潤滑油組成物、特に クランクケース潤滑油組成物又はかかる組成物を調製するために用いられる添加 剤濃縮物中に存在させることができる他の種類の添加剤としては、無灰分散剤、 粘度指数調整剤、清浄剤、耐摩耗性添加剤及び酸化防止剤が含まれる。これらの 種類の添加剤、濃縮物及びそれらを含む組成物の詳細は、後に本明細書中に示さ れる。 第1物質を第2物質で処理する本明細書における言及は、2つの物質の特定の 混合順序を示すものとして理解されるべきではない。従って、例えば、第1物質 が、第2物質を既に含んでいる容器に導入されてもよく、逆でもよく、2つの物 質が容器に同時に導入されてもよい。 活性イオウ含有添加剤、濃縮物又は潤滑油組成物の本発明に用いられるオレフ ィン性不飽和化合物による処理は、周囲温度で混合することにより行われるが、 好ましくは高温で行われる。従って、例えば、オレフィン性不飽和化合物が濃縮 物に添加される場合には、オレフィン性不飽和化合物を添加した後に混合液が3 0〜100℃、好ましくは46〜60℃の温度に加熱され、その温度で当業者が 容易に求められる時間、攪拌しながら維持されることが有利である。 本明細書に記載されるように使用又は処理される潤滑油添加剤及び添加剤、濃 縮物又は組成物を処理するために本発明に従って用いられるオレフィン性不飽和 化合物は、油溶性(下記に言及されるある種の他の添加剤と共通して)であるか 又は適切な溶媒によって油に溶解性であるか又は安定な分散性物質である。本明 細書に用いられる油溶性、溶解性又は安定な分散性という用語は、添加剤及び化 合物が全ての割合で油に可溶性、溶解性、混和性又は懸濁可能であることを必ず しも示さない。しかしながら、添加剤及び化合物は、例えば、油が用いられる環 境内で企図された効果を示すのに十分な程度まで油に可溶性又は安定な分散性で あることを意味する。更に、他の添加剤の追加の混合は、所望される場合には高 レベルの個々の添加剤又は化合物の混合を可能にするものである。 本明細書に記載されるように使用又は処理される添加剤は、便利な方法で油中 に混合される。即ち、所望レベルの濃度で、任意により、トルエン、シクロヘキ サン又はテトラヒドロフランのような適切な溶媒によって油中に分散又は溶解す ることにより直接油に添加される。ある場合には混合は室温で行われ、他の場合 には高温が有利である。 添加剤が用いられる基油は、火花点火及び圧縮点火内燃機関、例えば、自動車 及びトラックエンジン、船舶及び鉄道ディーゼルエンジン用クランクケース潤滑 油として使用するのに適切なものが含まれる。 合成基油としては、ジカルボン酸、ポリグリコール及びアルコールのアルキル エステル;ポリ−α−オレフィン、ポリブテン、リン酸のアルキルベンゼン有機 エステル及びポリシリコーン油が含まれる。 天然基油としては、原油について、例えば、パラフィン、ナフテン、混合或い はパラフィン−ナフテンであるかについて及びその製造に用いられる方法、例え ば、直留又は分解、水添、溶媒抽出等の蒸留範囲について広く異なってもよい鉱 油潤滑油が含まれる。 更に詳細には、用いられる天然潤滑油基油は、ストレート潤滑油又はパラフィ ン、ナフテン、アスファルト又は混合基原油から得られた留出油とすることがで きる。また、所望される場合には、種々の混合油及び残油、特にアスファルト成 分が除去されたものが用いられる。該油は、適切な方法、例えば、酸、アルカリ 及び/又は白土又は塩化アルミニウムのような他の物質を用いて精製されるか又 は産出された油を、例えば、フェノール、二酸化イオウ、フルフラール、ジクロ ロジエチルエーテル、ニトロベンゼン又はクロトンアルデヒドのような溶媒で溶 媒抽出することにより抽出される。 潤滑油基油は、便利には、100℃における粘度約2.5〜約12cSt又はmm2 /秒、好ましくは約3.5〜約9cSt又はmm2/秒を有する。 本明細書に記載されるように使用又は処理される添加剤は、潤滑油を、典型的 には多量に及び添加剤、典型的には少量に含む潤滑油組成物に用いられる。追加 の添加剤は、個々の要求を満たすことを可能にするように組成物中に混合される 。潤滑油組成物に含められる添加剤の例は、粘度指数向上剤、腐食防止剤、酸化 防止剤、摩擦調整剤、分散剤、清浄剤、金属さび止め添加剤、耐摩耗性添加剤、 流動点降下剤及び泡消し剤である。 粘度指数向上剤(又は粘度調整剤)は、潤滑油に高温及び低温操作可能性を与 え、高温で剪断安定なままにすることができ、低温で許容しうる粘度又は流動度 を示すこともできる。粘度調整剤として使用するのに適切な化合物は、通常、ポ リエステルを含む高分子量炭化水素ポリマーであり、粘度指数向上分散剤は分散 剤及び粘度指数向上剤として作用する。油溶性粘度調整ポリマーは、通常、ゲル パーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法又は光散乱法によって求めた重量平均分 子量約10,000〜1,000,000、好ましくは20,000〜500,000を有する。 防食剤としても知られる腐食防止剤は、潤滑油組成物が接触した金属部分の分 解を減じる。 酸化防止剤又は抗酸化剤は、運転中鉱油の劣化する傾向を減じ、かかる劣化の 証拠は、例えば、金属表面上のワニス状沈積物及びスラッジの発生及び粘度増大 である。適切な酸化防止剤としては、好ましくはC5〜C12アルキル側鎖を有す るアルキルフェノールチオエステルのアルカリ土類金属塩、例えば、ノニルフェ ニルスルフィドカルシウム及びオクチルフェニルスルフィドバリウム;ジオクチ ルフェニルアミン;フェニルα−ナフチルアミン;及びホスホ硫化又は硫化炭化 水素が含まれる。 潤滑油組成物中に用いられる他の酸化防止剤又は抗酸化剤は、油溶性銅化合物 を含む。 最終油の他の成分と適合する摩擦調整剤及び省燃費剤も含められる。かかる物 質の例は、高級脂肪酸のグリセリルモノエステル、例えば、グリセリルモノオレ エート、長鎖ポリカルボン酸とジオールのエステル、例えば、二量化不飽和脂肪 酸のブタンジオールエステル及びオキサゾリン化合物である。 分散剤は、使用中に酸化から生じる油不溶性物質を流体に懸濁するものとして 維持し、スラッジフロキュレーション及び金属部分上の沈殿又は沈積を防止する 。いわゆる無灰分散剤は、金属含有(灰分形成)清浄剤と対照的に燃焼の際に実 質的に灰分を形成しない有機物質である。適切な分散剤としては、例えば、長鎖 炭化水素の誘導体-炭化水素基が炭素原子50〜400個を有する置換カルボン 酸が含まれ、かかる誘導体の例は、高分子量ヒドロカルビル置換コハク酸の誘導 体である。かかる炭化水素置換カルボン酸は、例えば、窒素含有化合物、有利に はポリアルキレンポリアミン又はエステルと反応させることができる。かかる窒 素含有及びエステル分散剤は、当該技術において周知であり、ここで記載するこ とを必要としない。特に好ましい分散剤は、ポリアルキレンアミンとアルケニル コハク酸無水物との反応生成物である。 上記に示したように、粘度指数向上分散剤は、粘度指数向上剤及び分散剤の双 方として作用する。潤滑組成物に使用するのに適切な粘度指数向上分散剤の例と しては、アミン、例えば、ポリアミンとヒドロカルビル置換基が化合物に粘度指 数向上性を与えるのに十分な長さの鎖を含むヒドロカルビル置換モノ又はジカル ボン酸との反応生成物が含まれる。 清浄剤及び金属さび止め添加剤としては、スルホン酸、アルキルフェノール、 硫化アルキルフェノール、サリチル酸アルキル、ナフテン酸塩及び他の油溶性モ ノ及びジカルボン酸の過塩基であってもよい金属塩が含まれる。金属がアルカリ 土類金属及びマグネシウムより選ばれる過塩基金属スルホン酸塩は、清浄剤とし て特に適切である。清浄剤/さび止め添加剤の代表例及びその調製方法は、欧州 出願第208560A号に示されている。 耐摩耗性添加剤は、その名前が示すように金属部分の摩耗を減じる。ジヒドロ カルビルジチオリン酸亜鉛、例えば、上述したものは耐摩耗性添加剤として広く 用いられる。 潤滑油流動向上剤としても知られる流動点降下剤は、流体が流動する温度又は 流動することができる温度を低下させる。かかる添加剤は、周知である。流体の 低温流動性を向上させる典型的な添加剤は、C8〜C18ジアルキルフマレート/ 酢酸ビニルコポリマー、ポリメタクリレート及びろうナフタレンである。泡立ち は、ポリシロキサン系、例えば、シリコーン油又はポリジメチルシロキサンの泡 消し剤によって制御される。 上記添加剤は、多重効果を与えることができるものがあり、従って、例えば、 単一の添加剤が分散剤-酸化防止剤として作用することができる。この方法は周 知であり、本明細書で詳しく述べることを必要としない。 潤滑組成物が1種以上の上記添加剤を含む場合、各添加剤は、典型的には、所 望の作用を与えることを可能にする量で基油に混合される。クランクケースに用 いられる場合、かかる添加剤の代表的な有効量は、次の通りである。 添加剤 有効成分質量%* 有効成分質量%* (通常) (好適) 粘度調整剤 0.01-6 0.01-4 腐食防止剤 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 酸化防止剤 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 摩擦調整剤 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 分散剤 0.1-20 0.1-8 清浄剤/さび止め添加剤+ 0.01-6 0.01-3 耐摩耗性添加剤 0.01-6 0.01-4 流動点降下剤 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 泡消し剤 0.001-3 0.001-0.15 鉱油又は合成基油 適量 適量* 最終油に対する有効成分質量%。+ 船舶用には通常相対的に多量が、例えば、少なくとも10質量%が用いられる 。 複数の添加剤が用いられる場合、添加剤を含む1種以上の添加剤濃縮物(濃縮 物は本明細書でしばしば添加剤パッケージとも言われる)を調製して数種の添加 剤が同時に基油に添加されて潤滑油組成物を形成することが望ましいが必須では ない。添加剤濃縮物の潤滑油への溶解は、溶媒によって及び弱く加熱しながら混 合を伴うことにより促進されるがこれは必須ではない。濃縮物又は添加剤パッケ ージは、添加剤パッケージが所定量のベース潤滑剤と混合される場合、典型的に は、最終製剤中所望の濃度を与えるのに適切な量で添加剤を含むように処方され る。即ち、本発明に従って処理される1種以上の添加剤は、少量の基油又は他の 適合する溶媒に他の望ましい添加剤と共に添加されて有効成分を添加剤パッケー ジに対して、例えば、約2.5〜約90質量%、好ましくは約5〜約75質量%、 最も好ましくは約8〜約50質量%/適切な割合の添加剤の重量の量で含む添加 剤パッケージを形成することができ、残りは基油である。また、上記に示された ように、オレフィン性不飽和化合物は、活性イオウ含有化合物を含む添加剤パッ ケージ(濃縮物)を処理するために用いられる。 最終製剤は、典型的には約10質量%の添加剤パッケージを用いることができ 、残りは基油である。 下記の実施例は、本発明を具体的に説明するものである。 ニトリルシールについて活性イオウ含有潤滑油添加剤の不利な作用を減じるオ レフィン性不飽和化合物の能力は、ニトリルエラストマーの試料を活性イオウ含 有添加剤及び試験されるべき化合物を含む潤滑油組成物に浸漬し、浸漬後の破断 時伸び(EAB)及び/又は引張強さ(TS)と浸漬前の対応する数字を比較す ることにより試験した。最も有効な化合物は、破断時伸び及び/又は引張強さの 最小の低下%を示しているものである。試験法DIN53521及びDIN53 504を用いた。実施例1 多数のオレフィン性不飽和化合物を、0.72質量%のノニルフェノールスルフィ ド(NPS)及び分散剤、清浄剤及び酸化防止剤を含む潤滑油組成物中で試験し 、エラストマーはNBR28として既知のアクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴムと した。非オレフィン性不飽和化合物を用いたときの破断時伸び(EAB)の低下 %及び各々0.1質量%及び0.25質量%の試験化合物の各々を表1に示す。%は化 合物を含む潤滑油組成物の全質量に対する。ノニルフェノールスルフィドを含ま ない及びノニルフェノールスルフィドを含むベース製剤のEABの低下%は、各 々31%及び54%であった。 本発明に用いられる添加剤が*で示されている表1から、0.1%スクアレン( グループ(a)の化合物)がノニルフェノールスルフィドを含むベース製剤の数 字(54%)と比べて破断時伸びの低下が極めて顕著な低下を示し、この化合物 の0.25%の使用でも改善が得られたことがわかる。更に、1,5,9−シクロドデカ トリエン、グループ(b)化合物も0.1%及び0.25%レベルの双方で環外二重結 合を含む他の環状化合物、即ち、α−ピネン及びリモネン(環内二重結合を1つ だけ有する)、1,3及び1,1,5−シクロヘプタトリエン(2つの環内二重結合が2 つの飽和炭素原子により両端で分けられていない)及びアセナフチレン(脂肪族 でなく芳香族、二重結合を含む)より良好な結果を得た。グループ(c)につい て、β−ピネン、メチレンシクロペンタン及びメチレンシクロヘキサンは、脂環 式環が飽和されていないリモネンより良好な結果を示した。実施例2 オレフィン性不飽和化合物をオレフィン性不飽和化合物を含まない濃縮物に対 して6.76質量%のノニルフェノールスルフィドを含む添加剤濃縮物に添加し、試 験を別のバッチのNBR28ニトリルシールについて行う以外は実施例1に記載 された一般手順を繰り返した。濃縮物は、分散剤、清浄剤及び酸化防止剤も含め た。次に、各場合の濃縮物を油で希釈して仕上油に対して0.72質量%を含む潤滑 油組成物を得た。化合物を、仕上油(化合物を含む)中0.1質量%又は0.2質量% の化合物を得るような割合で濃縮物に添加した。化合物の濃縮物への添加は、6 0℃で行った。得られた結果を表2に示す。ノニルフェノールスルフィドを含ま ない及びノニルフェノールスルフィドを含むベース製剤についてのEABの低下 %は、各々31%及び42%であった。実施例1及び2におけるノニルフェニル スルフィドを含むベース製剤から得られた結果間の差異は、一部には別のバッチ のニトリルシールを用いているという結果と一部には使用した試験方法の性能で あった。 本発明に用いられる添加剤が*で示されている表2から、グループ(a)化合 物であるスクアレン、ゲラニオール及びファルネソルが本発明に使用するのに適 切でないデセン50、デセンミックス及びノネンより顕著に良好な結果を示したこ とがわかる。更に、1,5−シクロオクタジエン(グループ(b)化合物)は、リ モネン(環内二重結合を1つのみ有する)、メチルシクロペンタジエン(試験化 合物は二量体であり、同一環内に2つの環内二重結合を有しない)及び1,4−シ クロヘキサジエン(2つの環内二重結合は2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられていな い)より顕著に良好な結果を示した。更に、β−ピネン(グループ(c)化合物 )はリモネン(脂環式環は飽和されていない)より顕著に良好な結果を示した。 本発明に用いられるべき化合物である化合物は、全てメチルシクロペンタジエン 二量体、表2において本発明に使用するのに適切でない最も有効な化合物より良 好な結果を示した。実施例3 仕上油に対して0.72質量%のノニルフェノールスルフィドを含む潤滑油組成物 に添加した試験されるべき化合物を仕上油(オレフィン性不飽和化合物を含む) に対して各々0.05質量%、0.1質量%及び0.3質量%の割合で用い、エラストマー がNBR34として既知のアクリルニトリル−ブタジエンである以外は実施例1 に記載された一般手順を繰り返した。仕上油は、分散剤、清浄剤及び酸化防止剤 も含有した。得られた結果を表3に示す。ノニルフェノールスルフィドを含むベ ース製剤についてのEABの低下%は、47%であった。 本発明に用いられる添加剤が*で示されている図3から、処理レベル0.3質量 %のスクアレン及びβ−ピネン(本発明に用いられる化合物である)がα−ピネ ン及びジペンテンより顕著に良好な結果及びシクロペンタジエン二量体(同じ脂 環式環内に2つの二重結合を有しない)及び1,5,9−シクロドデカトリエンより 良好な結果を示したことがわかる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                     Improvement of oily composition containing active sulfurTechnical field   The present invention relates to improving the long-term reliability of elastomer seals, and in particular, to engine seals. The need for nitrile seals arises from the latest engine design and operating conditions; It relates to making it possible to fulfill environmental considerations.Background art   Transmission mechanisms, such as those in motor vehicles, prevent lubricant from leaking and A shaft and a bearing seal are required to prevent intrusion. The life of the seal, especially The suitability of the seal for use, the degree of care used to install the seal, The temperature to which the seal is exposed during use, the type of lubricant that the seal contacts, and the Depends on the condition of the surface that the tool contacts. Seal breakage is almost always Leads to lubricant spills and is deemed increasingly unacceptable and no longer intended Seals that cannot perform a function usually must be replaced. Follow Therefore, it is required that the life of the seal is extended as long as possible.   International Application No. 85/04896 does not mention the unstable sulfur-free additives of lubricants. Add stable sulfur-containing additives to copper or other substances reactive with copper and labile sulfur or Are olefins, especially α-olefins, preferably 4 to 30 carbon atoms, especially carbon What can be obtained by treating with an α-olefin having 10 to 20 atoms It is shown. The olefins described in the examples are all C15-18Or C16-18α- It is an olefin.   C15-18Alpha-olefins can also be used in the process described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,228,022. Preferred compounds to use. Generally, the olefin is preferably Having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, especially 15 to 20 carbon atoms, and is straight-chain or branched It is shown that there may be.   EP-A-151 581 B states that lubricants, including additives, are non-static on copper and similar substances. Has a sufficiently low level of active sulfur to make it non-corrosive and non-corrosive It relates to the preparation of lubricating oil additives. Olefinically unsaturated with 8 to 36 carbon atoms Compounds have been used. The olefinically unsaturated compound comprises one or more non-aromatic diamines. It is a compound having a heavy bond and may be linear or alicyclic. α-olefin , Especially C16-18Alpha-olefins are preferred, but other types of olefinically unsaturated Compounds are also mentioned.   U.S. Pat. No. 4,147,640 protects copper-lead bearings from corrosion without metal and phosphorus The preparation of lubricating oil antioxidants with the ability to It is disclosed to react with the fins to reduce the corrosiveness of the product. Use me The fin has about 6 to 18 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 olefinic double bonds. Good Preferred compounds are cyclopentadiene dimer and allocymene.   Other specifications specifically disclosing lubricating oil compositions containing oil-soluble sulfur-containing organic compounds Nos. WO 86/04601, WO 86/04602, WO 86/03772 and WO 86/026 No. 38 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,825. All of these five statements are By treating a compound with an alkali metal sulfide, the active or unreacted Mentions the possibility of reducing the au content. Nitrile sea of the disclosed composition Good compatibility is also shown.   The Applicant has found that the lubricating composition in contact with the seal contains active sulfur. If the composition contains a specific olefinically unsaturated compound, the nitrile It has been discovered that the life of the lastmer seal is significantly increased. With "active" sulfur Means sulfur containing the elemental sulfur that erodes the nitrile elastomer.   The issues of seal compatibility and copper corrosivity are addressed in the prior art for sulfur-containing additives. Has been assembled but is still an improved or alternative product or elastomer with such additives There is a need for a method of improving compatibility with seals, especially nitrile seals. Shi The challenge of tool compatibility is the problem of sulfur content in lubricating oil compositions in contact with nitrile seals. Fatally impairing the utility of the additive.Disclosure of the invention   Applicants have surprisingly discovered that active sulfur-containing lubricating oil additives, concentrates or compositions. The use of certain olefinically unsaturated compounds selected to treat Found to provide a particularly significant extension of the life of the rill elastomer seal . The present invention is directed to heavy duty diesel engines that typically contain relatively high levels of sulfur-containing materials. Particularly effective for lubricants such as engine lubricants.   The present invention also provides a lubricating composition obtained by mixing the following components: It is. (1) a large proportion of lubricating oil; (2) an active sulfur-containing oil-soluble additive; and (3) an oil-soluble olefinically unsaturated compound selected from the following compounds:   (A) at least two adjacent double bonds separated by two saturated carbon atoms         An acyclic compound having a double bond of   (B) at least eight carbon atoms and each double bond is two saturated carbon atoms;         At least two that are separated from the closest double bond         A compound containing an alicyclic ring having a double bond; and   (C) Compounds having a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond.   The present invention also provides an active sulfur-containing lubricating oil additive, concentrate or composition as described in the preceding paragraph. To provide a treatment method characterized by treating with a specified olefinically unsaturated compound. Things.   The invention further relates to sulfur and / or sulfur which have a deleterious effect on the elastomer. To improve the compatibility of lubricating compositions containing nitrile elastomers with nitrile elastomers Olefinic unsaturated compound selected from the above (a), (b) and (c) used The use of goods is provided. For example, select from the above (a), (b) and (c) The olefinically unsaturated compounds that can be used include nitrile elastomers containing sulfur and / or Used to reduce the tendency to be degraded by lubricating compositions containing sulfur-containing compounds To extend the life of engine seals in contact with such compositions. Used.   Antioxidants, extreme pressure additives and antiwear additives and / or load bearing in lubricating compositions Sulfur-containing additives such as water-soluble additives are widely used and commonly used species. One class of sulfur-containing additives is sulfurized phenols, sulfurized olefins and phosphorus and / or sulfur. Salts of au-containing acids, such as phosphorodithioic and dithiocarbamic acids, The invention is not limited to these individual types of additives. Such additives include various Lubricants, including functional fluids, such as hydraulic fluids, automatic transmission fluids, and heat transfer fluids, such as Used for crankcase lubricating oil, gear lubricant and metal working oil.   As the sulfurized phenol, phenol or alkylphenol mono, di and Includes polysulfides, their salts and their overbased salts. Alkyl phenols are The aromatic ring can include one or more alkyl groups. As a lubricant additive Typical sulfurized alkylphenols used are represented by the following formula: In the formula, R represents an alkyl group, n is 0 or an integer of 1-4, and p is an integer of 1-3. X is an integer from 1 to 4, and the average number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is appropriate in the oil. The number is enough to perform sufficient dissolution. Each group represented by R is typically a carbon It has 5 to 40 atoms, preferably 8 to 20 atoms. The metal salt of sulfurized phenol is Alkylphenol sulfide and a sufficient amount of metal-containing materials, such as metal oxides or Is reacted with hydroxide to produce neutral or overbased sulfurized metal phenate if desired Is obtained. Methods for preparing overbased metal phenates are well known in the art. And are well known and need not be described here.   Examples of sulfurized olefins and other unsaturated compounds used in lubricating compositions are described herein. Prior art cited earlier in this document, for example, WO 86/04601 and WO 86/02638 And U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,825.   Examples of phosphorodithioic acid salts include dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts, for example, Examples include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP). For oily compositions A particularly preferred ZDDP used is of the formula Zn [SP (S) (OR1) (ORTwo)]Two(In the formula , R1And RTwoHas 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms. R1as well as RTwoIs particularly preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. R1And RTwoBut Examples of groups represented are ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl. Butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i- Xyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octade Silyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl And a methylcyclopentyl group, a propenyl group and a butenyl group.   The salt of dithiocarbamic acid is typically of the formula [RR'NC (S) S]nM (where , R and R 'are the same having 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms or Different hydrocarbyl groups, for example alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, a Aralkyl, alkaryl or cycloalkyl). M is appropriate Metals such as molybdenum, zinc or copper. Used in lubricating oil compositions More preferred dithiocarbamates are those having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.   The sulfur-containing lubricant additives described above and many other sulfur-containing lubricant additives are Typically, the starting compound is combined with a sulfur and / or a sulfur-containing compound, such as hydrogen sulfide. Or by reacting with a sulfur monohalide or dihalide. Made. Sulfurization products, usually containing a mixture of different compounds, are typically free Containing at least some sulfur that is or is only loosely bound, Its sulfur is effective in eroding nitrile elastomers: as shown earlier In addition, sulfur that erodes nitrile elastomers is referred to herein as "active sulfur". Devour.   Lubricants for heavy duty diesel engines are typically alkyl phenol sulfides. 0 to 3% by mass of a sulfur-containing compound such as sulfur.   According to the present invention, an active sulfur-containing additive for a lubricating composition, the composition itself or a preferred additive. Alternatively, a concentrate for producing a lubricating composition containing such an additive may comprise the following compound: Treated with an oil-soluble olefinically unsaturated compound selected from the group consisting of: (A) at least two adjacent double bonds separated by two saturated carbon atoms       An acyclic compound having a double bond; (B) at least eight carbon atoms and each double bond is composed of two saturated carbon atoms;       At least two doubles separated from the closest double bond       A compound containing an alicyclic ring having a bond; and (C) Compounds having a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond.   If desired, more than one selected from (a), (b) and (c) above Of course, olefinically unsaturated compounds are used. Two or more If compounds are used, make sure they are from the same group. do not need. Therefore, for example, the compound selected from (a) is (b) or (c) Used with compounds selected from   Preferred compounds of group (a) are unsubstituted or substituted linear terpenes. Book The unsubstituted linear terpene used in the present invention has the formula (C)6H8)n(Where n is at least 2), that is, a terpene having only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The present invention The preferred unsubstituted linear terpene used for is squalene (n in the above formula is 6 There is). Possible substituents on the linear terpene to be used in the present invention are, for example, , A hydroxyl group.   Preferred substituted terpenes include geraniol and farnesol .   A preferred group (b) compound having only two double bonds is 1,5-cyclothio Kutadiene. If desired, the compound of group (b) can be at least It contains three double bonds, each end of each double bond being two saturated carbon atoms at each adjacent two Separated from heavy bonds. Preferred group (b) having three double bonds The compound is 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.   Compounds of group (c) are preferably a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond Is a compound having Advantageously, one of the exocyclic double bonds is a carbon in the alicyclic ring Bond the atom to the exocyclic carbon atom. The alicyclic ring in the group (c) compound is preferably Contains at least 6 carbon atoms, and advantageously has 3 ring carbon atoms and a 4 membered ring. Substituted with the forming methylene bridging group. The methylene carbon atom of such a bridging group is preferably Preferably, it may be substituted with two methyl groups. Particularly preferred group (c) The compound is β-pinene.   Additive wherein the aliphatic double bond in the compound used in the present invention is treated with the compound Reacts with active sulfur in a concentrate or oily composition to convert the sulfur to a nitrile seal It is considered "fixed" in a form that has no detrimental effect, but is not The invention should not be construed as limiting.   The compound used in the present invention may be an additive, a concentrate or an oily composition to be treated. Used in proportions of active sulfur in water, and in some cases the most appropriate If this is the case, it can be determined by ordinary experiments. Final lubricating oil composition (with olefinically unsaturated compounds Inclusive), generally from 0.01 to 5% by weight, advantageously from 0.05 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0. The use of from 05 to 0.5% by weight of olefinically unsaturated compounds is suitable, If the product contains a relatively high proportion of active sulfur, a somewhat higher The use of unsaturated compounds is preferred.   As indicated above, olefinically unsaturated compounds are active sulfur-containing lubricating oils. Processing additives or lubricating oil compositions (concentrates or finishing oils) containing such additives Used to However, advantageously, the compound is an active sulfur-containing additive. Oils containing additives and optionally one or more other additives and having a lubricating viscosity; The final lubricating oil composition is optionally mixed with one or more other additive concentrates or additives. Used to process concentrates that can be formed. Lubricating oil compositions, especially Crankcase lubricating oil compositions or additives used to prepare such compositions Other types of additives that can be present in the agent concentrate include ashless dispersants, Includes viscosity index modifiers, detergents, antiwear additives and antioxidants. these Details of the types of additives, concentrates and compositions containing them are given later in this specification. It is.   Reference herein to treating a first substance with a second substance refers to the specificity of the two substances. It should not be understood as indicating a mixing order. Therefore, for example, the first substance May be introduced into a container that already contains the second substance, or vice versa. The quality may be simultaneously introduced into the container.   Olef used in the present invention of active sulfur-containing additive, concentrate or lubricating oil composition The treatment with the unsaturated unsaturated compound is carried out by mixing at ambient temperature, Preferably, it is performed at an elevated temperature. Thus, for example, olefinically unsaturated compounds When the mixture is added to the mixture, the mixture is added to the mixture after adding the olefinically unsaturated compound. It is heated to a temperature of 0-100 ° C, preferably 46-60 ° C, at which temperature a person skilled in the art Advantageously, it is maintained with stirring for an easily determined time.   Lubricating oil additives and additives used or treated as described herein, Olefinic unsaturation used in accordance with the present invention to treat condensates or compositions Is the compound oil-soluble (common with certain other additives mentioned below)? Or a dispersible substance that is soluble or stable in oils with a suitable solvent. Honcho The terms oil-soluble, soluble or stable dispersible as used in the textbook refer to additives and chemicals. Make sure that the compound is soluble, soluble, miscible or suspendable in oil in all proportions. Not shown. However, additives and compounds may be used, for example, in rings where oils are used. Oil soluble or stable dispersible to the extent sufficient to exhibit the intended effect in the precincts It means there is. Further, additional mixing of other additives may be high if desired. It allows for the mixing of levels of individual additives or compounds.   Additives used or treated as described herein can be added to the oil in a convenient manner. Is mixed. That is, at a desired level of concentration, optionally, toluene and cyclohexene. Disperse or dissolve in oil in suitable oils, such as sun or tetrahydrofuran To be added directly to the oil. In some cases the mixing takes place at room temperature, in other cases High temperatures are advantageous for   Base oils in which additives are used include spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines, such as automobiles And crankcase lubrication for truck engines, marine and railway diesel engines Includes those suitable for use as oils.   Synthetic base oils include dicarboxylic acids, polyglycols and alkyls of alcohols. Ester; alkyl-benzene organic of poly-α-olefin, polybutene, phosphoric acid Esters and polysilicone oils are included.   As the natural base oil, for example, paraffin, naphthene, mixed or Is paraffin-naphthene and the method used for its preparation, eg For example, minerals that may vary widely in distillation range such as straight run or decomposition, hydrogenation, solvent extraction, etc. Oil lubricants are included.   More specifically, the natural lubricating base oil used is a straight lubricating oil or paraffin. Distillate oil obtained from oil, naphthene, asphalt or mixed base crude oil. Wear. Also, if desired, various mixed oils and residual oils, especially asphalt components The one from which the minute has been removed is used. The oil may be prepared in any suitable manner, e.g., acid, alkali. And / or purified using other materials such as clay or aluminum chloride; Uses the oils produced, for example, phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, Soluble in solvents such as diethyl ether, nitrobenzene or crotonaldehyde. It is extracted by medium extraction.   The lubricating base oil conveniently has a viscosity of about 2.5 to about 12 cSt or mm at 100 ° C.Two / Sec, preferably about 3.5 to about 9 cSt or mmTwo/ S.   Additives used or treated as described herein may typically be lubricating oils. Used in lubricating oil compositions containing large amounts and additives, typically small amounts. add to Additives are mixed into the composition to allow to meet individual requirements . Examples of additives included in lubricating oil compositions include viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, oxidation Inhibitor, friction modifier, dispersant, detergent, metal rust inhibitor, anti-wear additive, Pour point depressants and defoamers.   Viscosity index improvers (or viscosity modifiers) provide lubricating oils with high and low temperature operability. And can remain shear stable at high temperatures and have an acceptable viscosity or flow rate at low temperatures Can also be indicated. Compounds suitable for use as viscosity modifiers are usually It is a high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymer containing ester, and the viscosity index improving dispersant is dispersed Acts as an agent and viscosity index improver. Oil-soluble viscosity adjusting polymers are usually gel Weight average content determined by permeation chromatography or light scattering It has a particle size of about 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 500,000.   Corrosion inhibitors, also known as anticorrosives, are used to identify the parts of the metal that the lubricating oil composition contacts. Reduce the solution.   Antioxidants or antioxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oil to deteriorate during operation, Evidence indicates, for example, the formation of varnish deposits and sludge on metal surfaces and increased viscosity. It is. Suitable antioxidants preferably include CFive~ C12Has an alkyl side chain Alkaline earth metal salts of alkylphenol thioesters such as nonylphen Nylsulfide calcium and octylphenyl sulfide barium; dioctyl Phenylphenylamine; phenyl α-naphthylamine; and phosphosulfurized or sulfurized carbonized Contains hydrogen.   Other antioxidants or antioxidants used in lubricating oil compositions are oil-soluble copper compounds including.   Friction modifiers and fuel economy agents compatible with other components of the final oil are also included. Such thing Examples of qualities are glyceryl monoesters of higher fatty acids, such as glyceryl monooleate. Eat, esters of long-chain polycarboxylic acids and diols, for example, dimerized unsaturated fats Butanediol esters of acids and oxazoline compounds.   Dispersants are used to suspend oil-insoluble substances resulting from oxidation during use in a fluid. Maintain and prevent sludge flocculation and sedimentation or deposition on metal parts . So-called ashless dispersants are effective on combustion in contrast to metal-containing (ash-forming) detergents. Organic substances that do not qualitatively form ash. Suitable dispersants include, for example, long chain Derivatives of hydrocarbons-Substituted carboxyls in which the hydrocarbon radical has 50 to 400 carbon atoms Examples of such derivatives that include acids include the derivation of high molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids. Body. Such hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic acids are, for example, nitrogen-containing compounds, advantageously Can be reacted with a polyalkylene polyamine or ester. Such nitrogen Silicon-containing and ester dispersants are well known in the art and will be described here. And do not need. Particularly preferred dispersants are polyalkyleneamine and alkenyl It is a reaction product with succinic anhydride.   As indicated above, the viscosity index improver dispersant is a dual of the viscosity index improver and the dispersant. Act as a person. Examples of suitable viscosity index improving dispersants for use in lubricating compositions In some cases, amines, such as polyamines and hydrocarbyl substituents, add viscosity Hydrocarbyl-substituted mono- or dicals containing chains of sufficient length to provide number enhancement Includes reaction products with boric acid.   Detergents and metal rust inhibitors include sulfonic acids, alkylphenols, Sulfurized alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates and other oil-soluble And metal salts which may be overbased of dicarboxylic acids. Metal is alkaline Overbased metal sulfonates selected from earth metals and magnesium are used as detergents. Is particularly appropriate. Representative examples of detergents / rust inhibitors and their preparation are described in Europe This is shown in application 208560A.   Antiwear additives, as the name implies, reduce the wear of metal parts. Dihydro Zinc carbyl dithiophosphate, such as those described above, are widely used as antiwear additives. Used.   A pour point depressant, also known as a lube oil flow improver, is the temperature at which the fluid flows or Reduce the temperature at which it can flow. Such additives are well-known. Fluid Typical additives that improve cold flow are C8~ C18Dialkyl fumarate / Vinyl acetate copolymer, polymethacrylate and wax naphthalene. Foaming Is a foam of a polysiloxane-based, for example, silicone oil or polydimethylsiloxane. Controlled by the eraser.   Some of the above additives can provide multiple effects, and thus, for example, A single additive can act as a dispersant-antioxidant. This method is And is not required to be elaborated herein.   Where the lubricating composition includes one or more of the above additives, each additive typically comprises It is mixed with the base oil in an amount that allows it to provide the desired effect. For crankcase When included, typical effective amounts of such additives are as follows. Additive active ingredient mass%*  Active ingredient mass%*                                         (Normal) (preferred) Viscosity modifier 0.01-6 0.01-4 Corrosion inhibitor 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Antioxidant 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Friction modifier 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Dispersant 0.1-20 0.1-8 Detergent / anti-rust additive+                  0.01-6 0.01-3 Anti-wear additive 0.01-6 0.01-4 Pour point depressant 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Defoamer 0.001-3 0.001-0.15 Mineral oil or synthetic base oil* Active ingredient mass% based on the final oil.+ For marine applications, relatively large amounts are usually used, for example at least 10% by weight. .   If more than one additive is used, one or more additive concentrates containing the additives (concentrated The product is often referred to herein as an additive package) to prepare several additives. It is desirable, but not essential, that the agent be added to the base oil at the same time to form a lubricating oil composition. Absent. The dissolution of the additive concentrate in the lubricating oil is mixed with the solvent and with gentle heating. This is facilitated, but not required. Concentrate or additive package Page typically occurs when the additive package is mixed with a predetermined amount of base lubricant. Is formulated to include the additives in the appropriate amount to give the desired concentration in the final formulation. You. That is, one or more additives treated in accordance with the present invention may comprise a small amount of base oil or other Add the active ingredient to a compatible solvent with the other desired additives to For example, about 2.5 to about 90% by mass, preferably about 5 to about 75% by mass, Most preferably an additive comprising about 8 to about 50% by weight / weight of the appropriate proportion of additives. An agent package can be formed, the remainder being base oil. Also shown above As such, olefinically unsaturated compounds can be added to additive packs containing active sulfur-containing compounds. Used to process cages (concentrate).   The final formulation can typically use about 10% by weight of the additive package. , The rest being base oil.   The following examples illustrate the invention.   Reducing the adverse effects of active sulfur-containing lubricating oil additives on nitrile seals The ability of the refining unsaturated compound to determine whether the nitrile elastomer sample contains active sulfur Immersion in lubricating oil composition containing additives and compounds to be tested, break after immersion Compare the elongation at break (EAB) and / or the tensile strength (TS) with the corresponding numbers before immersion. By testing. The most effective compounds have elongation at break and / or tensile strength. It shows the minimum% reduction. Test methods DIN 53521 and DIN 53 504 was used.Example 1   A large number of olefinically unsaturated compounds are converted to 0.72% by mass of nonylphenol (NPS) and tested in lubricating oil compositions containing dispersants, detergents and antioxidants , The elastomer is an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber known as NBR28 did. Reduction of elongation at break (EAB) when using a non-olefinically unsaturated compound % And 0.1% and 0.25% by weight of each of the test compounds are shown in Table 1. % Is Based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition containing the compound. Contains nonylphenol sulfide The% reduction in EAB for the base formulation containing no and nonylphenol sulfide is 31% and 54% respectively.   From Table 1 where the additives used in the present invention are indicated by *, 0.1% squalene ( Group (a) compounds) containing nonylphenol sulfide The decrease in elongation at break shows a very remarkable decrease as compared with the letter (54%). It can be seen that the improvement was obtained even with the use of 0.25%. In addition, 1,5,9-cyclododeca Triene and group (b) compounds also have exocyclic double bonds at both 0.1% and 0.25% levels. And other cyclic compounds containing α-pinene and limonene (one ring double bond ), 1,3 and 1,1,5-cycloheptatriene (two in-ring double bonds having two (Not separated at both ends by two saturated carbon atoms) and acenaphthylene (aliphatic But not aromatic, containing double bonds). About group (c) Β-pinene, methylenecyclopentane and methylenecyclohexane are It showed better results than limonene in which the formula ring was not saturated.Example 2   Olefinically unsaturated compounds are compared to concentrates without olefinically unsaturated compounds. And added to the additive concentrate containing 6.76% by mass of nonylphenol sulfide. Described in Example 1 except that the experiment is performed on another batch of NBR28 nitrile seal The general procedure was repeated. Concentrate also contains dispersants, detergents and antioxidants Was. Next, the concentrates in each case were diluted with oil and lubricated containing 0.72% by weight of the finished oil. An oil composition was obtained. 0.1% by mass or 0.2% by mass of compound in finishing oil (including compound) Was added to the concentrate in such a ratio as to obtain the compound of the formula (1). Addition of compound to concentrate is 6 Performed at 0 ° C. Table 2 shows the obtained results. Contains nonylphenol sulfide EAB reduction for base formulations containing no and nonylphenol sulfide The percentages were 31% and 42%, respectively. Nonylphenyl in Examples 1 and 2 Differences between the results obtained from the base formulation containing sulfide Results and the performance of the test methods used there were.  From Table 2 where the additives used in the present invention are indicated by *, the group (a) compound Squalene, geraniol and farnesol are suitable for use in the present invention. It showed significantly better results than uncut Decene 50, Decene Mix and Nonene. I understand. Furthermore, 1,5-cyclooctadiene (group (b) compound) is Monene (having only one ring double bond), methylcyclopentadiene (testing The compound is a dimer and has no two intracyclic double bonds in the same ring) and Clohexadiene (the two ring double bonds are not separated by two saturated carbon atoms) I) showed significantly better results. Further, β-pinene (group (c) compound ) Showed significantly better results than limonene (alicyclic rings are not saturated). The compounds to be used in the present invention are all methylcyclopentadiene Dimer, better than most effective compound not suitable for use in the present invention in Table 2 Good results were shown.Example 3   Lubricating oil composition containing 0.72% by mass of nonylphenol sulfide based on finishing oil Compounds to be tested added to finishing oils (including olefinically unsaturated compounds) Used at a ratio of 0.05% by mass, 0.1% by mass and 0.3% by mass with respect to Is the acrylonitrile-butadiene known as NBR34 The general procedure described in was repeated. Finishing oils are dispersants, detergents and antioxidants Was also contained. Table 3 shows the obtained results. Veins containing nonylphenol sulfide The percent reduction in EAB for the base formulation was 47%.   From FIG. 3 where the additives used in the present invention are indicated by *, the treatment level is 0.3 mass % Squalene and β-pinene (the compound used in the present invention) are α-pine Significantly better results than cyclopentadiene and dipentene and cyclopentadiene dimer (same fat) Having no two double bonds in the cyclic ring) and 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene It can be seen that good results were shown.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) C10N 40:02 (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,DE, DK,ES,FR,GB,GR,IE,IT,LU,M C,NL,PT,SE),AM,AT,AU,BB,B G,BR,BY,CA,CH,CN,CZ,DE,DK ,EE,ES,FI,GB,GE,HU,IS,JP, KE,KG,KP,KR,KZ,LK,LR,LT,L U,LV,MD,MG,MN,MW,MX,NO,NZ ,PL,PT,RO,RU,SD,SE,SG,SI, SK,TJ,TM,TT,UA,US,UZ,VN (72)発明者 ディルワース ブリッド イギリス オックスフォードシャー オー エックス2 9ビーエル オックスフォー ド ボトリー オーチャード ロード 17 (72)発明者 ソーンヒル マイケル アン イギリス オックスフォードシャー オー エックス11 7ピーディー ディドコット キャッスル ウォーク 14──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C10N 40:02 (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), AM, AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI , GB, GE, HU, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LR, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, TJ, TM, TT, UA, US, UZ, VN (72) Inventor Dilworth Brid UK Daylesford Shah O X 2 9 Bieru Oxford Botley Orchard Road 17 (72) inventor Thornhill Michael Ann United Kingdom Oxfordshire O X 11 7 speedy Didokotto Castle Walk 14

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.下記の成分を混合することにより得られる潤滑組成物。 (1)多割合の潤滑油; (2)活性イオウ含有油溶性添加剤;及び (3)下記の化合物より選ばれる油溶性オレフィン性不飽和化合物: (a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2 つの二重結合を有する非環式化合物; (b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子に よって最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2 つの二重結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び (c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。 2.該イオウ含有添加剤が硫化フェノール、硫化オレフィン、ホスホロジチオエ ート及びジチオカルバメートより選ばれる請求項1記載の組成物。 3.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が、請求項1の(a)に記載の通りであり、線 状テルペンである請求項1又は2記載の組成物。 4.該テルペンがスクアレン、ゲラニオール又はファルネソルである請求項3記 載の組成物。 5.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が、請求項1の(b)に記載の通りであり、水 素と炭素原子のみを含む請求項1又は2記載の組成物。 6.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が1,5−シクロオクタジエンである請求項1又 は2記載の組成物。 7.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が、請求項1の(b)に記載の通りであり、前 記脂環式環が少なくとも3個の二重結合を有し、各二重結合の各端が2つの飽 和炭素原子によって各隣接の二重結合から分けられている請求項1又は2記載 の組成物。 8.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が1,5,9−シクロドデカトリエンである請求項 7記載の組成物。 9.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が、請求項1の(c)に記載の通りであり、該 環外二重結合の1つが前記脂環式環内の炭素原子と環外炭素原子との間にある 請求項1又は2記載の組成物。 10.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物が、請求項1の(c)に記載の通りであり、該 脂環式環が少なくとも6個の炭素原子を有する請求項1又は2記載の組成物。 11.該脂環式環が、3個の環炭素原子を含む4員環を形成する架橋基で置換され ている請求項1、2、9及び10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。 12.架橋基(存在する場合)及び該環外二重結合を有する側鎖を除いて、前記脂 環式環の炭素原子が無置換である請求項1、2及び9〜11のいずれか1項に記 載の組成物。 13.該オレフィン性不飽和化合物がβ−ピネンである請求項1又は2記載の組成 物。 14.成分(1)がクランクケース潤滑油を含む請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記 載の組成物。 15.更に、無灰分散剤、粘度指数調整剤、清浄剤、耐摩耗性添加剤及び酸化防止 剤より選ばれる1種以上の添加剤を含む請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の 組成物。 16.実質的に本明細書の実施例1〜3のいずれか1つに記載された通りである請 求項1記載の組成物。 17.潤滑粘度を有する油に1種以上の油溶性イオウ含有添加剤及び下記の化合物 より選ばれる1種以上の油溶性オレフィン性不飽和化合物を溶解することによ り得られる濃縮物。 (a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2つ の二重結合を有する非環式化合物; (b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子によ って最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2つの 二重結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び (c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。 18.活性イオウ含有潤滑油添加剤、濃縮物又は組成物を請求項1〜13のいずれか 1項に記載のオレフィン性不飽和化合物で処理することを特徴とする処理法。 19.実質的に本明細書の実施例1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の通りに行われた請 求項18記載の方法。 20.エラストマーに有害な作用を及ぼすイオウ及び/又はイオウ含有化合物を含 む潤滑組成物のニトリルエラストマー適合性を向上させるために使用される下 記の化合物より選ばれるオレフィン性不飽和化合物の使用。 (a)隣接の二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子で分けられている少なくとも2つ の二重結合を有する非環式化合物; (b)少なくとも8個の炭素原子及び、各二重結合が2つの飽和炭素原子によ って最も近接した隣接の二重結合から分けられている少なくとも2つの 二重結合を有する脂環式環を含む化合物;及び (c)飽和脂環式環及び少なくとも1つの環外二重結合を有する化合物。 21.本明細書に記載された新規な特徴又は本明細書に記載された特徴の新規な組 合わせ。[Claims] 1. A lubricating composition obtained by mixing the following components.   (1) a large proportion of lubricating oil;   (2) an active sulfur-containing oil-soluble additive; and   (3) an oil-soluble olefinically unsaturated compound selected from the following compounds:     (A) at least two in which adjacent double bonds are separated by two saturated carbon atoms           An acyclic compound having two double bonds;     (B) at least eight carbon atoms and each double bond is two saturated carbon atoms           Thus, at least two that are separated from the closest adjacent double bond           A compound comprising an alicyclic ring having two double bonds; and     (C) Compounds having a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond. 2. The sulfur-containing additive is a sulfurized phenol, a sulfurized olefin, a phosphorodithioe.   The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from a salt and a dithiocarbamate. 3. The olefinically unsaturated compound is as defined in claim 1 (a),   3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a terpene. Four. The terpene is squalene, geraniol or farnesol.   Composition. Five. The olefinically unsaturated compound is as described in claim 1 (b),   3. The composition according to claim 1, which comprises only nitrogen and carbon atoms. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the olefinically unsaturated compound is 1,5-cyclooctadiene.   Is the composition according to 2. 7. The olefinically unsaturated compound is as described in claim 1 (b),   The alicyclic ring has at least three double bonds, and each end of each double bond is two saturated.   3. A compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein each adjacent double bond is separated by a sum carbon atom.   Composition. 8. The olefinically unsaturated compound is 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.   7. The composition according to 7. 9. The olefinically unsaturated compound is as described in claim 1 (c),   One of the exocyclic double bonds is between a carbon atom in the alicyclic ring and an exocyclic carbon atom   The composition according to claim 1. Ten. The olefinically unsaturated compound is as described in claim 1 (c),   3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the cycloaliphatic ring has at least 6 carbon atoms. 11. The alicyclic ring is substituted with a bridging group forming a four-membered ring containing three ring carbon atoms   The composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 9 and 10, wherein 12. Excluding the crosslinking group (if present) and the side chain having the exocyclic double bond,   12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon atom of the cyclic ring is unsubstituted.   Composition. 13. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the olefinically unsaturated compound is β-pinene.   object. 14. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (1) comprises a crankcase lubricating oil.   Composition. 15. In addition, ashless dispersants, viscosity index adjusters, detergents, antiwear additives and antioxidants   The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising one or more additives selected from agents.   Composition. 16. A contract substantially as described in any one of Examples 1-3 herein.   The composition of claim 1. 17. One or more oil-soluble sulfur-containing additives for oils having lubricating viscosity and the following compounds   By dissolving one or more oil-soluble olefinically unsaturated compounds selected from   The resulting concentrate.   (A) at least two adjacent double bonds separated by two saturated carbon atoms         An acyclic compound having a double bond of   (B) at least eight carbon atoms and each double bond is two saturated carbon atoms;         At least two that are separated from the closest double bond         A compound containing an alicyclic ring having a double bond; and   (C) Compounds having a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond. 18. An active sulfur-containing lubricating oil additive, concentrate or composition according to any of the preceding claims.   A treatment method characterized by treating with the olefinically unsaturated compound according to claim 1. 19. Substantially performed as described in any one of Examples 1-3 herein.   19. The method according to claim 18. 20. Contains sulfur and / or sulfur-containing compounds that have deleterious effects on elastomers   Used to improve the nitrile elastomer compatibility of lubricating compositions   Use of an olefinically unsaturated compound selected from the above compounds.   (A) at least two adjacent double bonds separated by two saturated carbon atoms         An acyclic compound having a double bond of   (B) at least eight carbon atoms and each double bond is two saturated carbon atoms;         At least two that are separated from the closest double bond         A compound containing an alicyclic ring having a double bond; and   (C) Compounds having a saturated alicyclic ring and at least one exocyclic double bond. twenty one. A new feature described herein or a new set of features described herein.   Fit.
JP08506201A 1994-08-01 1995-07-31 Improvement of oily composition containing active sulfur Pending JP2000510498A (en)

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AU3255095A (en) 1996-03-04

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