JP2000352289A - Continuous excavating construction method and device and excavating tip - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To lay an extremely small diameter pipe having small flexural rigidity and cables in a single process by an unopened-cut continuous excavating construction method. SOLUTION: In an excavating tip IWM, an excavating head DPH, a push/pull means TPC and an excavating anchor DPA are joined in a row in the ground. A hole is excavated leftward by rotation of an excavating bit BIT installed on the left end of the excavating head DPH and the extension of the push/pull means TPC. When opening a pulling-in leg PLG, the excavating head DPH is fixed to a hole wall, and when opening direction control front/rear legs FLG, RLG, the excavating anchor DPA is fixed to the hole wall. The excavating head DPH and the excavating anchor DPA are alternately fixed to the hole wall by opening/closing the respective legs, excavation and an advance of the excavating anchor DPA are repeated, and the excavating tip IWM advances to pull a product material BCP (such as a pipeline and a cable of a laying object) joined to an anchor frame RAF in a hole. Supply of energy such as electric power and muddy water and giving/receiving of various signals are performed from an aboveground excavation control means BMC and a muddy water supply means MPT via a control line CCP.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-cutting excavation method and apparatus and an excavation tip, and more particularly to a continuous excavation method and apparatus and an excavation tip suitable for laying small-diameter pipes and cables.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The non-digging excavation method can excavate a lateral hole in the ground irrespective of the road surface, and therefore has less influence on ground traffic than the excavation work. Typical non-cutting excavation methods used in the past include a horizontal drilling method and a small diameter propulsion method.

Referring to FIG. 12, an outline of the horizontal drilling method will be described. FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the outline of the horizontal drilling method. As shown in FIG. 12 (a), a drill head DHD having a drill bit or a jet nozzle attached at the tip is connected to a drill pipe DPP.
, And the drill pipe DPP is pushed into the ground from the ground with a horizontal drill machine HDM to drill a thin pilot hole. Usually, the excavation hole is formed in an arc shape from the ground through the ground. FIG. 12B illustrates a state where the pilot hole reaches the ground again. Next, FIG.
As shown in (c), a pipe or cable, which is a product BCP, is drawn in from the arrival side while expanding the diameter of the pilot hole by the reamer RMR. In this case, the drill pipe DPP is pulled out by the horizontal drill machine HDM.

[0004] The feature of this method is to exert a force from a horizontal drill machine HDM installed on the ground through a drill pipe DPP to a drill head DHD mounted on the tip of the drill machine. Is required to be strong enough to withstand the compressive force applied when drilling holes. In the horizontal drilling method, drilling is advanced while successively adding drill pipes DPP of several meters in length, and after drilling is completed or the product BC
At the time of pulling in P, the drill pipe DPP is collected while being separated. It is necessary to stop drilling during the addition and separation of the drill pipe DPP. The replenishing and separating times may require several tens of percent of the total working time, and the total working time is relatively long. Also, the horizontal drill machine H
Since a DM needs to be installed, applicable construction is restricted in an urban area with a large traffic volume. Furthermore, in the case of a drill pipe DPP having a small diameter, there is a problem that the direction of a hole to be drilled is poor.

Next, a small-diameter propulsion method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the steps of the small-diameter propulsion method, in which (a) is excavating, (b) is the end of excavation,
(C) shows the time of completion of the construction after removing the excavating equipment. As shown in FIG. 13 (a), the starting anti-SMH
The propulsion device PJK installed inside pushes the product BCP headed by the excavation head PJH into the ground. FIG.
As shown in (b), at the stage where the excavation head PJH has passed the reaching anti-RMH, the excavation head PJH and the propulsion device PJK are collected. Since the product BCP is already housed inside the excavation hole, the installation of the pipeline is completed by removing the excavation head PJH and the propulsion device PJK as shown in FIG.

[0006] In this small-diameter propulsion method, the excavation head PJH strongly consolidates the soil in front of the head (presses the soil to reduce the solidification volume), and excavates the excavation in many cases. Head P through the deliverable BCP
Delivered to the JH, the deliverable BCP is the excavation head PJH
It requires compressive strength enough to withstand the forces required for excavation. In addition, such an excavation method has a disadvantage that the excavation speed is low. Originally, this method was developed mainly for laying sewer pipes, so even when a small-diameter pipe like a communication cable can be used, a large-diameter pipe equivalent to a sewer pipe is often required due to the required strength. It is not suitable for laying a very small pipe over a long distance. Furthermore, the conventional small-diameter propulsion method requires starting and reaching resistance for installing and collecting a machine at the depth at which the product BCP is laid, and the depth of these pits is determined by the laying depth of the product BCP. You have to dig deeper.

[0007]

When the relatively small diameter pipe or cable is laid over a long distance, such as a communication line, if the horizontal drilling method is to be applied, it is necessary to apply the method to the ground. A work space for fixing a large propulsion device is required, making it difficult to work in frequent traffic areas such as urban areas, and there are limitations on adaptation locations. In addition, there is a problem that the accuracy of direction control is low, the construction speed is relatively slow, a large amount of time is required for collecting the drill pipe, the construction takes a long time, and the machining cost increases. Next, in the conventional small-diameter propulsion method, a shaft is required to be excavated at the start position and the end position of the construction, and the occupation rate of the ground surface is large, and the applicable place is limited. In addition, since the shaft is deeper than the target pipe laying depth, there is a problem in cost. Further, there is a problem that the working speed is slow because the soil is compacted, and the working cost is increased, for example, a hole having a diameter larger than necessary is required.

[0008] In both the horizontal drilling method and the small-diameter propulsion method described above, the ground equipment becomes large in order to transmit the propulsive force of a horizontal drill machine or a propulsion device to a drill head or a drilling head via a drill pipe or the like. However, there is a problem that an unnecessarily thick product is required.

Therefore, the present invention provides a continuous laying method capable of rapidly laying small-diameter pipes with high construction accuracy without the need for a vertical shaft for installing and collecting machines and a fixed work space on the ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide a drilling method and apparatus and a drilling tip.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, a continuous excavation method according to the present invention comprises: an excavation tip; excavation control means for driving and controlling the excavation tip; A continuous excavation method for excavating a hole in the ground without excavation by a control line that supplies at least a power and a control signal to the tip, wherein the excavation tip is expandable and contractible in a direction perpendicular to a drilling means and a drilling direction. Excavating head with a retractable leg, a directional control front leg and a directional control rear leg extendable and retractable in a direction perpendicular to the digging direction, and a linear connection to the digging head and the digging anchor And a telescopic push-pull means,
Excavation in which the excavation anchor is fixed to the hole wall by extending the direction control front leg and the direction control rear leg, and extruding is performed by the excavation means while extending the push / pull means to advance the excavation head. In the state where the excavating head is fixed to the hole wall by extending the retracting leg, the pushing and pulling means are shortened and the advancing step of advancing the excavating anchor is alternately repeated, so that the excavating head is underground. It excavates a hole. Thereby, the reaction force when the excavation tip excavates the hole in the ground and moves forward can be received by the hole wall of the excavation hole around the excavation tip, and the processing of the mechanical force is completed during this time. Therefore, no exchange of force is performed between the excavation tip and the equipment on the ground, and only the supply of energy and the transmission and reception of control signals need be performed. Excavation can be performed only at the excavation tip.

The directional control front leg and the directional control rear leg each have a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. By controlling the amount of movement of each of the plurality of legs in the direction control front leg and the amount of movement of each of the plurality of legs in the direction control rear leg, the direction of the axis of the excavation tip is The excavation direction is controlled by tilting with respect to the direction of the axis of the hole. This makes it possible to change the axis of the excavation tip with respect to the axis of the surrounding hole wall, thereby enabling fine control of the excavation direction.

Further, at the start and end of excavation of a hole,
The excavation of a hole is started and ended by using a movable excavator starting table that can accommodate a part or all of the excavation tip installed on the ground. This makes it possible to start and end excavation from the ground using the advance function of the excavation tip. Therefore, neither the shaft nor the fixed work space on the ground can be required. Still further, the excavation means is a drill bit or a water jet nozzle, and supplies muddy water to the excavation tip from the muddy water supply means installed on the ground via the control line. Furthermore, the excavating means is a mechanism for excavating by compressing the soil.

Still further, one end of the product is connected to the excavation anchor so that the hole is excavated and the product is laid at the same time. As a result, excavation and laying of the product can be performed in one process, and quick construction is possible. Furthermore, a product is used as the control line. Thereby, the work of collecting the control line after the excavation is completed can be omitted, and more rapid construction can be performed. Furthermore, a product and a power line are used as the control line. This makes it possible to omit the operation of collecting the control line after the excavation by disposing the power line. Still further, auxiliary pushing means for pushing at least the product is installed on the ground, and at least the product is pushed into the drill hole in cooperation with the movement of the pushing and pulling means at the excavation tip. This makes it possible to reduce the force required to pull in the control line.

Still further, a continuous excavator according to the present invention comprises: a digging tip for digging a hole in the ground; digging control means for driving and controlling the digging tip; and at least power from the digging control means to the digging tip. And a control line for supplying a control signal, wherein the excavation tip is provided with an excavation head having an excavation means and a retractable leg extendable in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction, A digging anchor comprising a directional control front leg and a directional control rear leg which can be extended and contracted at right angles to the control line and the control line is connected thereto; It is provided with.

Further, each of the direction control front leg and the direction control rear leg has a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. . Furthermore, a product is attached to the excavation anchor. Furthermore, the digging means is a digging bit or a water jet nozzle. Furthermore, the excavating means is a mechanism for excavating by compressing the soil.

Further, the excavation tip of the present invention is a drilling tip which is driven by power supplied through a control line and excavates a hole in the ground, and which is perpendicular to the excavation means and the excavation direction. A digging head with a retractable retractable leg, a directional control front leg and a directional control rear leg extendable and contractible in a direction perpendicular to the digging direction, and a digging anchor to which the control line is connected; and And a push-pull means that is linearly coupled to the excavating anchor and is extendable. Furthermore, each of the direction control front leg and the direction control rear leg has a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in the direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. Furthermore, a product is attached to the excavation anchor.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With reference to FIG. 1, a structure of a digging tip in a continuous digging method according to an embodiment of the present invention and a continuous digging method using the digging tip will be described. FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of the excavation tip IWM of the present invention.
(A) is a side view of the excavation tip IWM, (b) is a cross section viewed from the line AA, (c) is a cross section viewed from the line BB,
(D) is a perspective view seen from the rear of the excavation tip IWM, (e).
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating excavation of a small-diameter underground hole by the excavation tip.

The excavation tip IWM of the present invention excavates to the left in FIG. The drilling head DPH on the left,
An excavating anchor DPA is disposed on the right side, and both are linearly connected by pushing and pulling means TPC. The anchor frame PAF of the excavating anchor DPA includes a directional control front leg FLG and a directional control rear leg RLG. The excavation frame DHF of the excavation head DPH has an excavation bit BIT mounted on the left end, and has a retractable leg PLG substantially at the center. Push-pull means T
Push shaft DP (three in the figure) that constitutes PC
S is the shaft cylinder P at the right end of the excavation frame DHF.
SC is fixed to the left end of the anchor frame PAF.

As shown in FIG. 1B viewed from the line AA,
A control line CCP is connected to the right end of the anchor frame PAF, and one end of a product BCP such as a cable is fixed. A ram (not shown) implanted in the quadrant fan-shaped direction control rear leg RLG fits into the rear leg cylinder RLC built in the anchor frame PAF, and the individual direction control is performed by, for example, hydraulic pressure. Rear leg RLG is anchor frame PAF
In the radial direction, the excavation tip can be moved by an arbitrary length orthogonal to the excavation direction. Direction control front leg FL
G has a similar structure.

As shown in FIG. 1C as viewed from the line BB,
The retracting leg PLG has the same structure as the direction control legs FLG and RLG. The pushing shaft DPS fitted in the cylinder hole of the shaft cylinder PSC moves hydraulically, and changes the distance between the excavating head DPH and the excavating anchor DPA. For example, if hydraulic pressure is applied, this distance increases, and if it is reduced, it decreases. The excavation bit BIT is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor, for example. Drilling head D such as drill bit BIT
The drive and control of the PH part are performed via a coupling cable CNC connected to the control line CCP. Drilling tip IWM
Is shown in the perspective view of FIG. In this figure, the retracted leg PLG and the direction control rear leg RLG are open to show the movement of the legs, but they are not actually opened at the same time.

As will be described later in detail, the excavation tip I
Figure 1 shows how the WM excavates the ground and pulls in the product.
This is schematically shown in FIG. Excavation control means BMC and muddy water supply means MPT are placed on the ground, and control power cable SPC and muddy water line MPF are connected to control line drum CC.
It is connected to the excavation tip IWM via D as a control line CCP. The control line CCP supplies necessary power and muddy water from the ground to the excavation tip, and transmits and receives signals between the excavation control means BMC and the excavation tip IWM on the ground. Therefore, the control line CCP is composed of a power line for supplying power (energy) or a power line such as a hydraulic hose, a signal line such as an optical cable or a coaxial cable for signal transmission, and a muddy line such as a water supply hose for supplying muddy water. Have been. Deliverables B such as pipelines and cables that are the objects of construction
CP is supplied from the product drum CPD, the tip of which is fixed to the drill anchor DPA.

The excavating head DPH is pushed forward by the pushing shaft DPS while excavating with the excavating bit BIT and moves forward. The retraction leg PLG is retracted and the drilling head DPH
Is movable. At this time, the reaction force of the excavation is received by the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG moving outward and biting into the excavated hole wall, thereby preventing the excavation anchor DPA from moving with respect to the hole wall. When the pushing shaft DPS is fully extended, the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG are contracted to release the fixation of the excavation anchor DPA to the hole wall, the retraction leg PLG of the excavation head DPH is opened outward, and the excavation head DPH is moved to the hole wall. Fix it. When the pushing shaft DPS is pulled into the cylinder hole of the shaft cylinder PSC and the total length of the pushing / pulling means TPC is shortened, the excavation anchor D
PA moves forward. In this way, the excavation head DPH and the excavation anchor DPA advance alternately like a shakumushi, and the excavation tip IWM advances.

FIG. 2 shows a drilling head DPH and a drilling anchor DP.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a state in which A moves forward alternately.
(A), (b), (c), and (d) depict one cycle of drilling preparation, drilling, advance preparation, advancement, and behavior of the excavation tip, respectively, from the top. In the drilling preparation shown in FIG. 2A, the pushing shaft DPS of the pushing / pulling means TPC is retracted into the shaft cylinder PSC, and the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG of the excavation anchor DPA are extended outward to the excavation hole wall. This prevents the movement of the bite-digging anchor DPA. The retracting leg PLG is contracted so as not to hinder the movement of the excavating head DPH. Depending on the excavated soil,
Plural sets of retraction legs PLG as shown in FIG. 2 (two sets in the figure)
Equipped to make the drilling head more secure.
It is the gripping force and frictional force that the borehole wall exerts on the fitting portions of these legs during drilling (digging) or when moving forward.

Here, the excavation is started by the excavation bit BIT at the tip of the excavation head DPH, and at the same time, the pushing shaft DPS is hydraulically extended to press the excavation bit BIT against the hole wall on the front surface. The drill bit BIT is rotated to dig down the front hole wall. In addition, muddy water is sprayed to assist excavation, and excavated soil is discharged on the muddy water. Until the pushing shaft DPS reaches the maximum movement amount, the excavating head DPH advances the distance S to the state of FIG. 2B.

In the advance preparation stage shown in FIG. 2C, the retraction leg PLG of the excavation head DPH is extended outward and cuts into the wall of the excavation hole, thereby preventing the excavation head DPH from moving.
Conversely, the direction control of the direction of the excavating anchor DPA front and rear legs FLG, RLG
And the drilling anchor DPA becomes movable. FIG.
In the forward stage of (d), the push shaft DPS is drawn into the shaft cylinder PSC. The pushing shaft DPS is fixed to the excavating head DPH and cannot be moved. As a result, the shaft cylinder PSC advances, and the excavating anchor DPA fixed thereto advances the distance S1.

If the pushing shaft DPS is completely retracted into the shaft cylinder PSC, S = S1, and the entire excavation tip IWM has advanced a distance S from the drilling preparation position in FIG. 2A. This completes one cycle of excavation and advance. The next excavation cycle is started with this position (d) as a new drilling preparation position (a). Deliverable BCP or control line C with one end fixed to the drilling anchor DPA
The CP is also drawn into the borehole as the excavation tip IWM advances.

As explained above, the drilling anchor DPA
The directional control front and rear legs FLG, RLG provided in the above-described apparatus not only fix the excavation anchor DPA to the hole wall, but also have a function of changing the excavation direction of the excavation tip. The operation of the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG and the retracting leg PLG will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 (a), (e)
Is a side view of the excavation tip IWM, (a) is at the time of drilling,
(E) shows a forward movement. 3 (b), (c),
(D), (f), and (g) are cross-sectional views of the portions indicated by the same capital letters, and mainly show the opened state of the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG, and the retracted leg PLG.

At the time of drilling shown in FIG. 3A, the retracted leg PLG is contracted as shown in FIG.
G and RLG are extended as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d). As described above, the directional control front leg FLG and the directional control rear leg RLG composed of a plurality of (four in the figure) legs can be moved by any length in the radial direction of the anchor frame PAF. . That is, control is performed such that each of the individual legs can move by a different amount.

In FIG. 3 (c), the individual legs of the direction control front leg FLG are numbered, and UFL is the upper front leg, DFL is the lower front leg, RFL is the right front leg, and LFL is the left front leg. The movement of UFL is the largest, right front leg RFL,
The left front leg LFL has a medium equal movement amount, and the minimum movement amount is the lower front leg DFL. Since each leg is considered to penetrate into the hole wall to the same extent (length), the center position of the anchor frame PAF is lowered from the center of the hole by half the difference between the movement amounts of the upper front leg UFL and the lower front leg DFL. (Right and left are 0 because the movement amounts of the right front leg RFL and the left front leg LFL are equal).

In FIG. 3D, similarly, the direction control rear leg RLG
To distinguish the individual legs, URL is the upper hind leg, DRL is the lower hind leg, RRL is the right hind leg, LRL
If the left hind leg is the left hind leg DRL, the movement amount of the lower hind leg DRL is the largest, the right hind leg LRL and the left hind leg LRL are the middle equal movement amount, and the minimum movement amount is the upper hind leg. It becomes a leg URL. Considering the same manner as the front leg, the anchor frame PAF is located at a position which is higher than the center of the hole by half the difference between the movement amounts of the upper rear leg URL and the lower rear leg DRL.

The axis of the anchor frame PAF is held inclined downward to the left with respect to the drilled hole, and the drill bit BIT at the tip of the drill head DPH also drills in the axial direction of the anchor frame PAF. Excavation of a hole is performed at the same lower left as the axis of the anchor frame PAF. FIG. 3A shows the state of the inclination of the axis of the excavation tip with respect to the hole wall indicated by a pair of parallel lines indicated by a chain line. However, in FIG. 3A, the amount of movement of the leg is exaggerated and drawn.
The line indicating the hole wall is extremely inclined. Therefore, the direction control front and rear legs FLG, R provided on the anchor frame PAF
If the amount of movement of each leg of the LG is controlled, the direction of excavation of the hole can be freely controlled. Thus, the direction control front and rear legs FLG,
By using the RLG, highly accurate control of the excavation direction is possible.

The retracting leg PLG attached to the excavating head DPH has the same structure as the above-mentioned direction control legs FLG, RLG. The hydraulic control of the four retractable leg cylinders PLC may be performed by the same control system, and the four retractable legs PLG may be simultaneously moved by the same distance.
Like the G and RLGs, the control of the four retractable legs may be performed individually. At the time of drilling shown in FIG. 3 (b), the outer diameter of the retraction leg PLG is reduced from the drilling hole, and the drilling head DPH is formed.
Is movable. At the time of forward movement shown in FIG. 3 (f), the retraction leg PLG is extended and fitted into the hole wall, and the position of the excavation head DPH is fixed.

Drilling bit B mounted on drilling tip IWM
FIG. 4 shows an example in which a hydraulic mechanism is used for driving the IT, the push shaft DPS, and various legs. In Figure 4, the excavation tip IW
A hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic pump, and a control mechanism are provided in M to operate a drill bit BIT, a push shaft DPS, a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor for driving various legs. The control mechanism may instruct all detailed instructions from the ground, or a processing function such as a microcomputer may be provided in the excavation tip, and only the macro instruction may be transmitted from the ground. A hydraulic hydraulic oil tank, hydraulic pump, etc. are placed on the ground and connected to the excavation tip with a hydraulic hose.Driving of excavation bits, push-in shafts, and various legs is performed by a motor, solenoid, etc. without using hydraulic pressure. It is also possible to carry out only by supply.

An actual excavation example using the above excavation tip IWM and an excavator starting table BML that can be effectively used at the start and end of excavation will be described with reference to FIGS. Among the components of the drilling tip IWM, at least the drilling head DPH
The directional control of the retraction leg PLG and the excavation anchor DPA cannot be continued unless the front and rear legs FLG and RLG are within the excavated hole, and this length is almost equal to the entire length of the excavation tip IWM. At the start and end of excavation where the excavated hole is shorter than the length of the excavation tip IWM, the excavator launcher BML is used.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of the excavator launch table BML, and FIG.
(A), (b), and (c) show the state at the start of excavation, also in FIG.
(A), (b), and (c) schematically show the procedure at the end of excavation. In FIG. 5, MLB is a starting base, and MLT is a starting movable base. As an example, the excavation tip IWM is inserted into, for example, a cylindrical hole drilled inside the starting movable base MLT, and the retracted leg PLG or the direction control front and rear legs FL are inserted.
When the G and RLG are extended, the excavation tip IWM can be held. The starting movable base MLT is not necessarily limited to the pipe shape shown in FIG. 5 as long as it can hold the excavation tip IWM. However, it is necessary to take into account, for example, dividing the product BCP and control line CCP into two along the cylindrical hole so that the product BCP and the control line CCP can be removed from the movable starter MLT.

The starting movable base MLT is a starting base MLB.
It is placed on the top and can move along the axis of the excavation tip IWM (in the direction of excavation and parallel to the oblique surface of the starting base MLB), and start the starting movable base MLT as necessary. It can be fixed at any position on the base MLB. The excavator starting table BML may include a mechanism for moving the starting movable table MLT in the moving direction by mechanical force. Further, a mechanism for fixing the starting base MLB to the ground can be built in the starting base MLB.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the excavation system using the excavation tip IWM according to the present invention will be described. As already outlined, the excavation control means BM installed on the ground
C. From the muddy water supply means MPT, a power cable SPC and a muddy water line MPF are connected to the excavation tip IWM as a control line CCP via a control line drum CCD, and a product BCP (a pipeline, a cable, etc.) is output from the product drum CCD. Supplied and its tip is fixed to the excavation tip IWM.

The excavation control means BMC controls the entire system and supplies necessary power (energy) to the system. Of course, a power source such as a generator can be prepared separately from the control system.
It includes the person.

The muddy water supply means MPT comprises a mud making means, a delivery pump, a muddy water tank, a fresh water tank and the like. The mud making means mixes mud making material such as bentonite with fresh water supplied from a fresh water tank to form mud water and accumulates in the mud tank. The delivery pump finally delivers the mud to the control line CCP. The mud sent to the control line CCP is ejected from the excavation tip IWM for excavation assistance and earth removal.
The injected mud passes through the drilling hole, returns to the mud pool MPL dug at the excavation start point, and is stored there. The muddy water supply means MPT may have a function of treating and reusing muddy water stored in the muddy water storage MPL. The amount of muddy water supplied from the muddy water supply means MPT, particularly from the delivery pump, is controlled by the excavation control means BMC.

The signal for the excavation control means BMC to control the operation of the excavation tip IWM and the power for the excavation tip IWM are supplied by the control power cable SPC to the control line drum C.
It is sent to the CD where it is coupled to the control line CCP and sent to the excavation tip IWM. This control power cable SPC
The control line drum CCD has a function for sending a signal and electric power to a rotating body such as a slip ring and a rotatable special joint of a hose for transporting a fluid. Information from the excavation tip IWM includes a control line CCP, a control line drum CCD,
It is sent back via the control power cable SPC and reaches the excavation control means BMC. The function of controlling the excavation tip IWM based on the information from the excavation tip IWM and the function of displaying the state of the excavation tip IWM can also be added to the excavation control means BMC.

The muddy water produced by the muddy water supply means MPT is also sent to the control line drum CCD by the muddy water line MPF, where it is connected to the control line CCP and the excavation tip IW
Sent to M. Although not explicitly shown in the figure, control line drum CCD, product drum CPD, muddy water supply means MP
T, the operation of the excavator launch table BML can be controlled by the excavation control means BMC, similarly to the excavation tip IWM. Practically, it is desirable to manage the operation of the entire system by the excavation control means BMC.

As described above, as the power transmitted from the ground to the excavation tip IWM, if the excavation distance is short, hydraulic pressure may be directly used via a hydraulic hose. Can be built in. Electric power may be used as it is without using hydraulic pressure.

The state of excavation by the excavation tip IWM will be described with reference to FIG. As shown before the start of excavation in FIG. 6 (a), the excavator starting table BML is used as an auxiliary, the excavation tip IWM is housed in the starting movable base MLT, and the starting base MLB is used.
Is placed on the ground and secured to the ground if necessary. FIG.
As shown in (b), the start movable base MLT moves along the slope of the start base MLB to the excavation start point, and the start base MLT moves.
Fixed to LB. The direction control front and rear legs FL of the drilling anchor DPA at the drilling tip IWM as in the drilling preparation of FIG.
G and RLG are extended outward, and the excavation anchor DPA is fixed to the starting movable base MLT. If the drilling head DPH enters the ground while drilling with the drill bit BIT, the drilling head D
The PH is fixed underground and the drill anchor DPA is advanced.
FIG. 6B shows a state in which the excavation tip IWM is separated from the starting movable base MLT and is completely submerged in the ground.

When the excavation tip IWM is separated from the movable starter MLT and completely enters the ground, the excavator starter BML may be removed. FIG. 6C shows this state. Thereafter, the excavation tip IWM continues excavation by itself, and sequentially draws in the product BCP and the control line CCP.

The procedure at the end of excavation is shown in FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG.
The excavation tip IWM is digging underground and is about to get to the ground. The excavator launcher BML has already been installed at the exit. All symbols are the same as in FIG. FIG.
(B) is a point in time when the excavation tip IWM is housed inside the starting movable base MLT, and the excavation tip IWM is retracted leg PL.
Using the G and the direction control front and rear legs FLG, RLG, the vehicle can advance into the movable starter MLT by itself. Drilling has been completed and the product BCP and control line CCP have penetrated the drilled hole while remaining attached to the aft end of the drilling anchor DPA at the drilling tip IWM. As shown in FIG. 7 (c), if the product BCP and the control line CCP are separated from the excavation tip IWM and only the control line CCP is rewound to the control line drum CCD, only the product BCP remains in the hole and the product BCP is removed. The installation is completed.

As described above, at the start and end of excavation, when the various legs of the excavation tip IWM are exposed from the ground and excavation cannot be continued, the excavation tip IWM is placed on the starting movable base MLT.
By accommodating, excavation can be continued. Both starting and collecting can be shared by the same excavator starting table BML.

The configuration of the excavation tip IWM can be varied in various ways. Retraction leg PLG and direction control front and rear leg FL
For G and RLG, the operation has been described using fan-shaped legs divided into four equal parts, but as shown in FIG.
Can be satisfactorily achieved with three or more direction control front and rear legs FLG and RLG. FIG. 8A is a side view of the excavation tip IWM equipped with the retracted leg PLG and the directional control front and rear legs FLG and RLG, each of which is divided into three.
FIG. 8 (d) shows the direction control front and rear legs FLG, R divided into two parts.
FIG. 8 shows a side view of the excavation tip IWM equipped with LG,
(B), (c), (e), (f), and (g) are cross-sectional views cut by arrows with the same names and capital letters, and mainly show the plan shapes of the legs.

Since the divided legs penetrate the excavated hole wall on average, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the legs float in the air without hitting the hole wall. In the case of the direction control front and rear legs FLG and RLG having split legs, FIGS.
When the directions of expansion and contraction of the legs are perpendicular to each other, the posture control of the excavation anchor DPA and the fixing to the hole wall can be performed with the minimum number of direction control legs. The retractable leg PLG is 1 in FIGS.
When a large force is required to pull in the product BCP and the control line CCP, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, as shown in FIG. You can also increase your power.

FIG. 9 shows an example of the structure of each leg.
9 (a) and 9 (d) show the planes of the legs, and FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (e).
9 (c) and 9 (f) show the inside of the leg projected along the ram 3. FIG. FIG. 9 (a), (b), (c)
In the example shown in (1), a plate-shaped reinforcing plate 2 is fixed to the leg body 1,
At the same time that the strength of the leg body 1 is reinforced, when the leg is extended, the reinforcing plate 2 also receives mud and increases the holding force. This structure is suitable for soft ground. It is stored in a hydraulic cylinder,
A ram 3 extending the leg body 1 is fixed to the reinforcing plate 2. As shown in FIGS. 9D, 9E, and 9F, when the ram 3 is directly fixed to the fan-shaped leg body 1, the length of the ram 3 can be increased, and the stroke of the leg can be increased. .

As an excavation method, in addition to the combination of the rotating excavation bit BIT and the muddy water described above, a water jet BWJ is used as shown in FIG. 10A showing a side view of the excavation tip IWM. Can also. Since the above two types of excavation methods require water, both control lines CCP
Requires a water supply hose as a component.

In the example shown in the side view of FIG. 10B, the excavating head DPH uses the impact type excavating means CBH.
Other structures have the same mechanism as the excavation tip IWM shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows the operation of the impact type excavating means CBH.
(C) and (d) show. The impact-type excavating means CBH includes an impact head HHD and a launching mechanism CPP. The launching mechanism CPP has a function of launching the impact head HHD forward (to the left in the drawing) and pulling it back. Launching mechanism CP
Compressed air or the like can be used as a power source of P. As an example, the ram 5 fixed to the impact head HHD fits into the air cylinder 4 drilled in the launching mechanism CPP, and the air supply hole 6
The impact head HHD is ejected to the left at a high speed by the air pressure supplied from (Fig. 10 (c)). As shown in FIG.
Is exposed, the air is exhausted, and the impact head HHD is pulled back by a spring (not shown) and returns to the position shown in FIG. The reaction force of the impact head HHD launched at high speed is mainly absorbed by the weight of the excavating frame DHF, the pushing / pulling means TPC and the excavating anchor DPA. In particular, it is effective to increase the inertial mass of the excavation frame DHF.

The impact-type excavating means CBH excavates the hole wall in front of the excavation hole, instead of excavating the hole wall while compacting the hole wall (while pushing and compacting the soil). Therefore,
By using the excavation tip equipped with the impact type excavation means CBH, muddy water and muddy water supply means MPT
Is not required. For the same purpose without the need for muddy water, a system in which a hydraulic cylinder is used to push a lead conductor similar to the impact head HHD to consolidate the hole wall and excavate the hole can be used. Control line CCP
Only power supply and signal transmission need be performed, and a relatively heavy water supply hose in the control line CCP becomes unnecessary. The force for pulling the control line CCP without the water supply hose is reduced, and the excavation tip can be downsized.

Here, the control line CCP is changed to the product BCP.
If it is made so that it can be used as an excavator, it is not necessary to pull back the control line CCP after the excavation, and the construction time can be further reduced. For example, when the deliverable BCP is a power cable, the power for the excavation tip and a modulated control signal can be passed through the power cable to be used directly as a control line. Further, even if a product obtained by tying a power line to a product is used as the control line CCP, the construction time can be similarly reduced. For example, when the original product BCP is capable of transmitting signals like an optical fiber cable, a control line CCP is connected to a disposable power cable.
The power cable may be disconnected after the installation.

The auxiliary pushing means ATM shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 11 can also be used effectively. The other elements in FIG.
7 are the same as those described in FIG. In FIG. 11, the control line CCP is shown excluding the muddy line MPF because the relatively heavy muddy line MPF of the product BCP and the control line CCP has passed through the auxiliary pushing means ATM. Auxiliary pushing means ATM
Has a function of pushing the product BCP and the muddy water line MPF into the excavation hole, and its operation is controlled by the control means BMC. Accordingly, the length and timing of the pushed product BCP are controlled in synchronization with the behavior of the excavation tip IWM.

[0055]

As described above, by using the continuous excavation method and apparatus and the excavation tip of the present invention, the processing of the mechanical force between the excavation tip and the wall of the excavation hole is completed, and the excavation tip and the ground equipment are removed. During this period, only energy is supplied and control signals are sent and received, and no force is exchanged at all. Two sets of directional control front and rear legs can change the amount of individual pushing, and Since it can be performed with high accuracy, it is possible to lay an object having low bending rigidity, such as an extremely small diameter pipe and a cable, with high processing accuracy. While the conventional horizontal drilling method and the small-diameter propulsion method need to stop the drilling operation while connecting the drill pipe and the product, the continuous drilling method according to the present invention allows the drilling operation to be continued. In addition, one end of the product is fixed at the excavation tip, and the product can be laid at the same time as excavation.There is no need to set up shafts at the starting point and the arrival point, which is an incidental work, and almost no fixed space on the ground is required In addition, in some cases, the control cable and the product can be shared, and the use of a drilling tip equipped with impact-type drilling means requires no muddy water and muddy water supply means to remove excavated soil. There is the advantage that the cost reduction effect is large and the construction cost is low, coupled with the short construction period.

Further, it is a great advantage that the excavator launcher, the auxiliary push-in means are employed, and the number of excavating means that can be used is large, so that it is adaptable to various geology and work environments, and that the workable range can be expanded. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view of a digging tip in which push-pull means for connecting a digging head and a digging anchor of the present invention are linearly arranged.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating drilling and advancement of the excavation tip according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the operation of the excavation tip of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a hydraulic power system for driving an excavation tip according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an excavator launch table.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation at the start of the excavation work.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the operation at the end of the excavation work.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing various numbers of divisions of a retraction leg and a direction control leg at an excavation tip.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of various forms of a retractable leg and a direction control leg of the excavation tip of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a digging head employing various digging methods.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing an excavation example using auxiliary pushing means.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of an excavation step by a conventional horizontal drilling method.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a digging step by a conventional small-diameter propulsion method.

[Explanation of symbols]

IWM drill tip, DPH drill head, BIT drill bit, DHF drill frame, PLG retract leg,
TPC push / pull means, DPS push-in shaft,
PSC shaft cylinder, CNC coupling cable, D
PA drilling anchor, PAF anchor frame, FLG
Direction control front leg, RLG Direction control rear leg, RLC rear leg cylinder, BCP deliverable, CCP control line, BMC
Excavation control means, SPC control power cable, MPT
Mud supply means, MPF mud line, CCP control line, CPD product drum, CCD control line drum, MPL mud reservoir, BML excavator launcher, MLT
Movable starting base, MLB starting base, 1 leg, 2 reinforcing plates,
3 Ram, BWJ water jet, CBH impact type drilling means, HHD impact head, CPP launching mechanism, ATM
Auxiliary pushing means,

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on front page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Hayashi 2-1-1, Ohara, Kamifukuoka-shi, Saitama F-term in Kaididi Laboratory Co., Ltd. (reference) 2D029 DA03 2D054 AC18 AD27 AD37 BA28

Claims (17)

[Claims] An excavation tip, excavation control means for driving and controlling the excavation tip, and a control line for supplying at least power and a control signal from the excavation control means to the excavation tip. A continuous drilling method for drilling a hole in the drilling head, wherein the drilling tip includes a drilling head having a drilling means and a retractable leg that can expand and contract in a direction perpendicular to the drilling direction; An excavating anchor with a possible directional control front leg and a directional control rear leg, and extensible push-pull means linearly coupled to the excavating head and the excavating anchor, the directional control front leg and the direction. With the excavation anchor fixed to the hole wall by extending the control rear leg, excavation is performed by the excavation means while extending the push-pull means to advance the excavation head. In the state where the excavation step and the advancing step of extending the excavation anchor by shortening the pushing and pulling means while the excavation head is fixed to the hole wall by extending the retraction leg, the underground A continuous drilling method characterized by drilling a hole in a hole. 2. The directional control front leg and the directional control rear leg each have a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. By controlling the amount of movement of each of the plurality of legs in the direction control front leg and the amount of movement of each of the plurality of legs in the direction control rear leg, the direction of the axis of the excavation tip is 2. The continuous excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the excavation direction is controlled by being inclined with respect to the direction of the axis of the hole. 3. At the start and end of excavation of a hole, start and end of excavation of the hole are performed using a movable excavator launching table that can accommodate a part or all of the excavation tip installed on the ground. The continuous excavation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excavation method is performed. 4. The digging means is a digging bit or a water jet nozzle, and through the control line,
The muddy water is supplied to the excavation tip from muddy water supply means installed on the ground.
Continuous excavation method according to any one of the above. 5. The digging device according to claim 1, wherein the digging means is a mechanism for digging by compressing the soil.
4. The continuous excavation method according to any one of to 3. 6. The continuous excavation according to claim 1, wherein one end of the product is connected to the excavation anchor, and the hole is excavated and the product is laid at the same time. Construction method. 7. The continuous excavation method according to claim 6, wherein a product is used as the control line. 8. The continuous excavation method according to claim 6, wherein a product and a power line are used as the control line. 9. An auxiliary pushing means for pushing at least the product is provided on the ground, and at least the product is pushed into a digging hole in cooperation with the movement of the pushing and pulling means at the excavation tip. Claim 6
9. The continuous excavation method according to any one of to 8 above. 10. A digging tip for digging a hole in the ground, digging control means for driving and controlling the digging tip, and a control line for supplying at least power and a control signal from the digging control means to the digging tip. A continuous drilling apparatus comprising: a drilling head having a drilling means and a retractable leg that can expand and contract in a direction perpendicular to the drilling direction; and a direction that can expand and contract in a direction perpendicular to the drilling direction. The drilling anchor includes a control front leg and a direction control rear leg and is connected to the control line, and includes a push-pull means that is linearly coupled to the drilling head and the drilling anchor and is extendable. Continuous drilling rig. 11. The directional control front leg and the directional control rear leg each have a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. The continuous excavator according to claim 10. 12. The continuous excavator according to claim 10, wherein a product is attached to the excavation anchor. 13. The continuous excavator according to claim 10, wherein the excavator is a drill bit or a water jet nozzle. 14. The continuous excavator according to claim 10, wherein the excavator has a mechanism for excavating by compressing the soil. 15. A digging tip driven by power supplied through a control line to dig a hole in the ground, comprising: a digging means; and a retractable leg that can extend and contract in a direction perpendicular to the digging direction. A drilling head, comprising: a directional control front leg and a directional control rear leg that are extendable and retractable in a direction perpendicular to the digging direction and to which the control line is connected; and a linearly coupled to the digging head and the digging anchor. And a telescopic push-pull means. 16. The directional control front leg and the directional control rear leg each have a plurality of legs capable of individually controlling the amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. The excavation tip of claim 15. 17. The excavation tip according to claim 15, wherein a product is attached to the excavation anchor.