JP2000337594A - Pressure vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure vessel capable of eliminating fibers concentrating near the nozzle of each dome, decreasing the amount of fibers of the whole vessel, and being manufactured easily without sideways slip of fibers when they are wound on. SOLUTION: The pressure vessel 1 is formed so that a dome 3 is provided at each end of a cylindrical part 2 and is equipped with a liner to serve as gas barrier and a shell of FRP covering the outside of the liner. The array of fiber arrangement at the dome 3 of the wound fibers 9 to constitute the shell appears in two different fashions, i.e., a track in contact with the base metal 8 of dome and a track out of contact with the base metal 8. Part of the wound fibers 9 passing the track out of contact with the base metal 8 are arranged as positioned on a plane perpendicularly intersecting the tangent passing the apex on the plane including the apex of the wound part at the dome 3 and the axis of the liner and also arranged continued to a hoop 11 passing near the ground measuring line at the end of the cylindrical part 2 and arranged on the cylindrical part 2 with the angle of arrangement enlarging gradually.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressure vessel suitable for accommodating various types of high-pressure gas and pressurized fluid, and more particularly, to a pressure vessel having dome portions at both ends of a cylindrical portion and having gas barrier properties. The present invention relates to a pressure vessel having a liner and an outer shell made of a fiber-reinforced composite material covering the outside thereof, and having a base in the center of a dome portion.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A pressure vessel containing compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the like is generally heavy since it is made of metal such as steel or aluminum alloy. Also,
In recent years, automobiles using natural gas as fuel have attracted attention as low-emission vehicles, but the pressure vessels serving as fuel tanks are heavy and fuel economy is poor. In order to solve this inconvenience, a gas cylinder in which a liner (inner shell) having gas barrier properties is covered with an outer shell made of pressure-resistant fiber reinforced resin (FRP) has been proposed.

[0003] The outer shell made of FRP is formed by a fiber layer wound on a liner by a filament winding method. The principal stress directions of the thin-walled rotationally symmetric pressure vessel are the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and in a fiber-reinforced composite material, the fibers are optimally arranged in the principal stress direction. Therefore, conventionally, the dome portion 31 of the pressure vessel 30 is subjected to in-plane winding (planar winding) as shown in FIG. 3A or helical winding as shown in FIG.
For 2, the pressure vessel 30 is manufactured by arranging the fibers F by in-plane winding or a combination of helical winding and hoop winding.

However, in the case of ordinary in-plane winding or helical winding, all the fibers are folded in contact with the bases 33 at both ends of the pressure vessel 30, so that the wall thickness near the base 33 is large, and the shoulder (the dome and The structure has a small thickness (in the vicinity of the boundary with the cylindrical portion), and an extra fiber F exists near the base 33. This tendency becomes more remarkable as the ratio between the cylindrical portion diameter and the die diameter increases. In such a fiber arrangement configuration, the fibers are concentrated near the die, resulting in a defective shape, and waste of the fibers, resulting in an increase in cost. Further, since the minimum necessary fibers are arranged at the shoulder, the thickness of the winding is thinner than that of the others, and the portion requiring the most impact resistance is the weakest.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 5-79598 discloses a fiber reinforced fiber winding method as shown in FIG. 4 in order to prevent the thickness in the vicinity of the base from becoming excessively thicker than other thicknesses of the dome portion. In the dome portion 31 of the pressure vessel 30 in which the layer is formed, the pressure vessel 30 in which the reinforcing fiber F is wound while shifting from a trajectory passing in the vicinity of an extreme point to a trajectory passing through a low latitude each time the lapping fiber laps is proposed. . The reinforcing fiber F is helically wound at a winding angle of 20 ° around the cylindrical portion of the aluminum liner while impregnated with the epoxy resin. At this time, the winding is performed while shifting the trajectory from the vicinity of the pole to a predetermined angle in the low latitude direction. It is disclosed that hoop winding is performed on the cylindrical portion 32.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 79598, when the fibers are wound around the cylindrical portion of the liner at a predetermined angle and the fibers are arranged so as to pass through a position away from the base in the dome portion, the sideslip of the fibers occurs at the shoulder portion. Therefore, there is a problem that it is very difficult to arrange in a desired orbit. In order to enable the above arrangement, it is necessary to set the arrangement angle such that the fibers pass through a geodesic orbit, but in that case, the fiber direction in the cylindrical portion largely deviates from the main stress direction, so the strength of the cylindrical portion is reduced. There is a problem that the amount of fiber required for securing increases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate unnecessary fibers concentrated near a base of a dome portion and to reduce the amount of fibers in the entire container. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure vessel which can be easily manufactured without the fibers slipping when the fibers are wound.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a liner formed into a shape having dome portions at both ends of a cylindrical portion and having a gas barrier property, An outer shell made of a fiber-reinforced composite material to cover, and a pressure vessel provided with a base in the center of the dome portion,
The arrangement orbit of the wound fiber constituting the outer shell in the dome portion is two of an orbit in contact with the base and an orbit not in contact with the base.
There are various types, and the winding fiber passing through the track that does not touch the base,
On the plane including the vertex of the winding part in the dome part and the axis of the liner, it is arranged so as to be located on a plane orthogonal to the tangent passing through the vertex, and near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical part. It is arranged so that the arrangement angle becomes gradually larger and is continuous with the hoop winding arranged in the cylindrical portion.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a part of the arranged winding fibers passes near the geodesic curve at the end of the cylindrical portion, and the arrangement angle is small. They are arranged so as to become gradually smaller and extend along the axial direction at the intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion.

Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the arrangement trajectory of the wound fiber constituting the outer shell in the dome portion is:
Since there are two types of tracks, a track that contacts the base and a track that does not contact the base, the concentration of the wound fibers around the base is avoided. The winding fibers arranged so as to pass through the track in contact with the base have a small arrangement angle, that is, the angle formed with the axial direction of the pressure vessel, and can effectively counteract the principal stress in the cylindrical portion in the axial direction. Since the winding fibers arranged in the hoop winding exist in the cylindrical portion, the hoop winding can effectively counter the main stress in the circumferential direction. The wound fibers passing through the track not in contact with the base are arranged so as to be located on a plane orthogonal to the tangent passing through the apex on a plane including the vertex of the wound portion in the dome portion and the axis of the liner. At the end of the cylindrical portion, it passes near the geodesic curve, and the array angle gradually increases, and continues to the hoop winding of the cylindrical portion. Therefore, side slip of the wound fiber hardly occurs at the shoulder.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a part of the wrapped fibers is arranged so that the arrangement direction in the cylindrical portion extends along the axial direction. Effective against the main stress of

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure vessel 1 is formed in a shape having dome portions 3 at both ends of a cylindrical portion 2. The pressure vessel 1 includes a liner 4 having gas barrier properties and a fiber reinforced resin (FR) covering the outside thereof.
P). The liner 4 is formed of a synthetic resin (for example, high-density polyethylene), and has a boss 7 to which metal base members 6 are fixed at both ends. That is,
In this embodiment, the base 8 is constituted by the boss 7 and the base member 6. In addition, a screw portion for screwing a pipe plug is formed in the base member 6. Carbon fiber is used for the reinforcing fiber of FRP, and epoxy resin is used for the resin.

The wrapping fibers 9 constituting the outer shell 5 are made of a liner 4
Is continuously wound around the outer peripheral surface of the fiber to form a fiber layer having a predetermined thickness. As shown in FIG. 1B, the wound fibers 9 have two types of orbits arranged in the dome portion 3, an orbit in contact with the base 8 and an orbit not in contact with the base 8. The winding fibers 9 arranged so as to pass through the track in contact with the base 8 are wound by in-plane winding. The winding fiber 9 passing through the track not in contact with the base 8 is placed on a plane orthogonal to the plane of the in-plane winding and including the axis of the liner 4.
Of the winding portion of the dome portion 3 of the dome portion 3, and are arranged so as to be located on a plane orthogonal to a tangent line L passing through the vertex.

[0014] Then, as shown in FIG.
Most of the wound fiber 9 passing through the orbit that does not touch the surface passes near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical portion 2 and has an arrangement angle (winding angle) θ.
Are arranged so as to be continuous with a hoop winding 11 arranged in the cylindrical portion 2 through a helical winding 10 that becomes gradually larger. When the latitude of the top of the wound portion of the winding fiber 9 in the dome portion 3 passing through the track not in contact with the base 8 is high, that is, close to the base 8, the winding angle θ in the cylindrical portion 2 becomes small, and Hoop winding 1 with angle θ of almost 90 °
It is difficult to arrange them so as to be reasonably continuous with one another. In such a case, the helical winding 10 is not provided without the hoop winding 11.
And is arranged so as to be continuous with the winding track of the dome portion 3 from above.

As shown in FIG. 1 (c), a part of the wound fibers 9 arranged so as to pass through a track not in contact with the base 8 is near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical portion 2. Are arranged so that the arrangement angle gradually decreases and extends along the axial direction at the intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion 2.

Next, a method of manufacturing the pressure vessel 1 having the above-described structure will be described. A resin-made liner 4 having a base member 6 is supported by a mandrel support portion of a filament winding device, and a winding fiber 9 impregnated with resin is sequentially wound around a peripheral surface of the liner 4. First, the winding fibers 9 are arranged in a state of being in contact with the base 8 by in-plane winding, and are shifted by a predetermined amount through the dome portions 3 on both sides and wound by a predetermined amount.

Next, the winding fibers 9 which do not contact the base 8 of the dome portion 3 are sequentially wound so that the position of the apex of the winding portion becomes gradually lower in latitude. The liner 4 is used when the winding fibers 9 are arranged so as to pass through a track that does not contact the base 8 at the dome portion 3.
When the fiber supply head is moved parallel to the cylindrical portion 2 in a state where the rotation is stopped, the wound fibers 9 are arranged so as to extend parallel to the axial direction in the cylindrical portion 2 as shown in FIG. Is done. Further, by setting the rotation speed of the liner 4 and the moving speed of the fiber supply head to predetermined values corresponding to the arrangement angle, the winding fibers 9 are wound around the dome portion 3 and the cylindrical portion 2 at a desired arrangement angle.

After the winding of the predetermined amount of the wrapping fibers 9 is completed, the molded body together with the liner 4 is removed from the filament winding device and placed in a heating furnace, where the resin is cured at a predetermined temperature. The curing temperature depends on the resin,
For example, in the case of an epoxy resin, the temperature is about 180 ° C. An outer shell 5 made of FRP is formed by heat curing, and the pressure vessel 1 is completed when cooled.

This embodiment has the following effects. (1) Since there are two types of orbits in the dome portion 3 of the winding fibers 9 constituting the outer shell 5 of the pressure vessel 1, orbits that are in contact with the base 8 and orbits that are not in contact with the base 8, they are concentrated on the base. Excess winding fibers can be reduced.
As a result, the increase in the thickness of the base is reduced, and the external shape is improved. Also, the length of the base can be shortened, and the pressure vessel 1
The whole can be shortened. Therefore, it can be lightweight and compact,
The use amount of the expensive wound fiber 9 is reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

(2) The wound fiber 9 passing through the track not in contact with the base 8 is orthogonal to a tangent L passing through the vertex of the dome portion 3 on a plane including the vertex of the wrapped portion and the axis of the liner 4. It is arranged so that it may be located on a plane, and it may be arranged so that it passes near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical portion 2, and the arrangement angle may be gradually increased to be continuous with the hoop winding 11 arranged in the cylindrical portion 2. I have. Accordingly, the winding fibers 9 arranged in the dome portion 3 so as not to contact the base 8
The winding fiber 9 does not slide sideways during the winding, and the manufacture becomes easy.

(3) A part of the wound fiber 9 passing through a track not in contact with the base 8 is arranged in the cylindrical portion 2 so as to form a hoop winding 11. Therefore, the strength of the cylindrical portion 2 can be secured without providing the winding fiber 9 dedicated to the hoop winding 11.

(4) A part of the wound fibers 9 arranged so as to pass through the track not in contact with the base 8 passes near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical portion 2 and the arrangement angle becomes gradually smaller. In the intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion 2, the cylinders 2 are arranged so as to extend along the axial direction. Therefore, the amount of reinforcing fibers that can effectively resist the main stress in the axial direction increases, and the strength in the axial direction can be improved while the amount of used fibers is the same.

(5) Since carbon fiber is used for the wrapping fiber 9 and epoxy resin is used for the matrix resin, the strength to be used as a fuel tank of an automobile is ensured, and the weight and the size are reduced. Can be enhanced.

(6) Since the liner 4 is made of resin, the weight can be further reduced as compared with a metal liner. (7) Wound fiber 9 that does not contact base 8 of dome portion 3
Are sequentially wound so that the position of the vertex of the winding portion becomes gradually lower. Therefore, the control of the filament winding device for changing the arrangement angle of the winding fibers 9 passing through the orbit not contacting the base 8 wound on the dome portion 3 is simplified as compared with the case where the winding order is arbitrary.

The embodiment is not limited to the above, and may be embodied as follows, for example. The winding fibers 9 arranged in parallel with the axial direction of the liner 4 in the cylindrical portion 2 may be omitted.

A screw hole for connecting a pipe to only one of the bases 8 of the liner 4 may be formed, and the base 8 on one side may be a solid body without forming a screw hole. ○ As a matrix resin, other thermosetting resins (for example, polyimide resin) and thermoplastic resins with high flexural modulus (for example, polyetheretherketone) are not limited to epoxy resins, depending on the performance required for pressure vessels. Etc. may be used. Further, other resins such as a vinyl ester resin and a phenol resin may be used. In this case, the cost of the resin can be reduced because the resin is cheaper than the epoxy resin.

The material of the wrapping fiber 9 is not limited to carbon fiber, and other high-strength and high-modulus organic fibers such as inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and polyaramid fibers are used in accordance with the performance required for the pressure vessel. May be used.

(Circle) The ultraviolet curable resin may be used instead of the thermosetting resin as the matrix resin. The liner 4 may be made of a light metal such as aluminum or aluminum alloy instead of the resin. In this case, the base member 6 can be integrally formed with the liner 4, and the structure of the base 8 is simplified.

The winding order of the winding fibers 9 not in contact with the base 8 in the dome portion 3 is not limited to the order in which the position of the apex of the winding portion becomes gradually lower in latitude. For example, the winding may be performed first so that the position of the vertex of the winding portion moves largely, and then the position of the vertex of the winding portion may be changed so as to fill the gap.

Not only the wound fibers 9 arranged so as to pass through a track not in contact with the base 8 but also a part of the wound fibers 9 arranged so as to pass through a track in contact with the base 8 with a cylindrical portion In the middle part of the two, they may be arranged so as to extend along the axial direction. Also in this case, the amount of the reinforcing fibers that can effectively resist the main stress in the axial direction increases, and the strength in the axial direction can be improved while the amount of the used fibers is the same.

The inventions (technical ideas) other than those described in the claims which can be grasped from the embodiment will be described below together with their effects. (1) In the invention described in claim 1 or 2,
The liner is made of resin, and carbon fiber is used for the wound fiber of the fiber-reinforced composite material, and epoxy resin is used for the matrix resin. In this case, the strength used as the fuel tank of the vehicle can be secured, and the pressure vessel can be reduced in weight and size.

[0032]

As described above, according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, unnecessary fibers concentrated near the base of the dome portion are eliminated, and the amount of fibers in the entire container is reduced. In addition, the fiber does not slip when the fiber is wound, thereby facilitating the production.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the amount of reinforcing fibers capable of effectively resisting the main stress in the axial direction increases, and the strength in the axial direction can be improved while the amount of used fibers is the same.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement state of fibers that do not contact a base according to an embodiment; FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement state of fibers that contact a base and fibers that do not contact a base;
(C) is a schematic diagram showing another arrangement state of fibers that do not contact the base.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a pressure vessel.

FIG. 3A is a schematic view showing an arrangement of in-plane wound fibers, and FIG. 3B is a side view showing an arrangement of helical wound fibers.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of fibers in a dome portion of a conventional pressure vessel.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pressure container, 2 ... Cylindrical part, 3 ... Dome part, 4 ... Liner, 5 ... Outer shell, 8 ... Base, 9 ... Wound fiber, 11 ... Hoop winding.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Fujio Hori 2-1-1 Toyota-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Pref. Inside Toyota Industries Corporation (72) Inventor Yasumi Miyashita 2-1-1 Toyota-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Pref. F-term in Toyota Industries Corporation (reference)

Claims (2)

[Claims] A liner having gas barrier properties and a shell made of a fiber-reinforced composite material that covers the outside of the liner is formed in a shape having dome portions at both ends of a cylindrical portion, and a base is provided at the center of the dome portion. A pressure vessel provided with: a trajectory of the wound fiber constituting the outer shell in a dome portion, wherein the trajectory is two of a trajectory in contact with the base and a trajectory not in contact with the base.
There are various types, and the winding fiber passing through the track that does not touch the base,
On the plane including the vertex of the winding part in the dome part and the axis of the liner, it is arranged so as to be located on a plane orthogonal to the tangent passing through the vertex, and near the geodesic line at the end of the cylindrical part. The pressure vessel is arranged so that the arrangement angle is gradually increased and is continuous with the hoop winding arranged in the cylindrical portion. 2. A part of the arranged wrapping fibers,
2. The pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the pressure vessel is arranged so as to pass near the geodesic line at an end of the cylindrical portion, gradually decrease in arrangement angle, and extend in an axial direction at an intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion.