JP2000318462A - Method and structure for battery mounting and removal of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform the mounting and removing work for a battery in any place desired. SOLUTION: A battery B is held by a carrier 20, which is arranged as capable of being mounted and removed from below to/from the body of electric vehicle and is fitted with an expansion means 40 consolidatedly. When the battery B is to be installed, the carrier 20 and battery B are moved upward by expanding the means 40 in the grounded condition, and the carrier 20 is mounted on the body and the means 40 is shrunk. When the battery B is to be removed, the carrier 20 is borne by expanding and grounding the means 40, and the carrier 20 is disconnected from the body and the means 40 is shrunk. Because means 40 is consolidated with the carrier 20, the battery amounting and removing work can be performed in any place as applicable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery attaching / detaching structure and a battery attaching / detaching method for an electric vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a means for attaching and detaching a battery in an electric vehicle, there is a conventional one disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-315162. In this vehicle, a battery is fixed inside a vehicle, a detachable opening with a cover is provided on a floor surface of the vehicle, and an elevating support device is provided below the cover outside the vehicle. When removing the battery, place the battery on the lid inside the vehicle cabin, while raising the lifting support device outside the vehicle and supporting the lid from below, unlock the lid and lower the lifting support device. The battery is taken out of the car together with the lid by moving it. When installing the battery, contrary to the above, the lid and the battery mounted on this lid are lifted by moving the elevating support machine upward, and the lid is locked to the attachment opening when the battery is stored in the car,
Finally, the lifting support device is moved down.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above prior art,
The lifting support device for moving the battery up and down has been an independent device separate from the vehicle body and the battery.
Therefore, the work of attaching and detaching the battery basically requires that the elevating support device be installed in a place where the electric vehicle can be parked for a long time. Further, when the elevator support device cannot be stored in the parking lot, it takes time to transport the elevator support device between the storage position and the parking position of the electric vehicle.

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to enable the work of mounting and removing a battery to be performed at an arbitrary place.

[0005]

The invention according to claim 1 is a detachable structure for attaching and detaching a battery to and from an electric vehicle, wherein the battery can be held.
A carrier that can be attached to and detached from the vehicle body from below and a carrier that is provided integrally with the carrier and that can be displaced between a state in which the carrier extends downward and a state in which the carrier contracts toward the carrier. The structure is provided with expansion and contraction means.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a mounting portion provided on the outer lower surface of the vehicle body and a fixing means for enabling the carrier to be coupled to and disengaged from the mounting portion outside the vehicle. The configuration was provided. Claim 3
According to the invention of claim 1, in the invention of claim 1 or claim 2, the expansion / contraction means is provided with a wheel. Claim 4
The present invention relates to a method for attaching and detaching a battery to and from an electric vehicle, comprising a carrier capable of holding the battery and detachable from a vehicle body from below, and an integral part of the carrier. In the structure provided with expansion and contraction means capable of displacement between a state of extending downward from the carrier and a state of contracting to the carrier side, when attaching the battery, When the carrier is moved upward by extending the telescopic means in a state of being grounded, the carrier is mounted on the vehicle body, the telescopic means is displaced from the extended state to the contracted state, and when the battery is removed, A structure in which the carrier is supported by extending and retracting the expansion / contraction means, disengaging the carrier from the vehicle body, and displacing the contraction means to a contracted state. It was.

[0007]

When the battery is mounted, the carrier and the battery are moved upward by extending the telescopic means while the telescopic means is grounded, and the carrier is mounted on the vehicle body. Is displaced from the extended state to the contracted state. When the battery is removed, the carrier is supported by extending and retracting the expansion and contraction means, disengaging the carrier from the vehicle body, and displacing the contraction means to the contracted state.

[0008] The telescopic means for vertically moving the battery and the carrier are provided integrally with the carrier.
The work of mounting and removing the battery can be performed at any place. [Invention of Claim 2] Since both the attachment and the removal of the battery can be performed from the outside of the vehicle, the workability is better than the case where the work is performed both inside and outside the vehicle. [Invention of Claim 3] Since the wheels are provided in the expansion and contraction means, the carrier can be moved together with the battery removed.

[0009] The expansion and contraction means for vertically moving the battery and the carrier are integrated with the carrier, so that the work of mounting and removing the battery can be performed at any place.

[0010]

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. The attachment / detachment structure of this embodiment for attaching / detaching the battery B to / from the electric vehicle V includes an attachment portion 12 provided on the outer lower surface of the vehicle body Va, a carrier 20 for holding the battery B, and the attachment portion 12 And a telescopic means 40 for supporting the carrier 20 detached from the vehicle body Va.

A pair of left and right rectangular tubular body frames 10 extending in the front-rear direction are provided on the outer lower surface of the vehicle body Va in parallel with each other. The member 11 is fixed by welding both ends to the inner surface of the body frame 10. On the lower surface of each body frame 10, a strip-shaped mounting portion 12 that hangs downward and extends back and forth in parallel with the body frame 10 is provided by integral molding or welding. The mounting portion 12 is provided on the body frame 10.
The mounting portion 12 is formed at a position slightly deviated from the center in the left-right direction (width direction) on the lower surface of the base member, and a region where the mounting portion 12 is formed covers at least a region covering between the front and rear cross members 11. . The mounting portion 12 includes:
Five mounting holes 13 are formed at appropriate intervals in the front and rear, respectively, and bolts 31 penetrate through the mounting holes 13. The bolt 31 is a nut 2 to be described later.
5 together with a fixing means 30 which is a constituent element of the present invention, and has a function of fixing the carrier 20 to the mounting portion 12 in cooperation with the nut 25. A positioning protrusion 14 is formed on the lower surface of the body frame 10 so as to be located inside the mounting portion 12. The positioning protrusions 14 are provided so as to protrude downward at two places separated in the front-rear direction, and have a conical shape whose diameter decreases downward.

The carrier 20 includes a pair of side frames 21 extending in the front-rear direction and four cross bars 22A extending in the left-right direction and extending between the two side frames 21.
22B, 22C and 22D. Two of these four
The cross bars 22A and 22D of the book
Is fixed by welding so as to connect the front and rear ends of the
The other two crossbars 22B and 22C are also fixed to the side frame 21 by welding at two positions that divide the side frame 21 into approximately three equal parts in the front-rear direction.

The side frame 21 is formed by extruding an aluminum material, extracting a steel material, bending a steel plate, or the like.
A side substrate 21A, an upper substrate 21B coupled outward from an upper edge of the side substrate 21A, a mounting side plate 21C coupled downward at right angles to an outer edge of the upper substrate 21B, and a lower edge of the side substrate 21A Horizontal bearing plate 2 inwardly coupled
1D, and has a constant cross-sectional shape in the front-rear direction. The body frame 1 is provided on the upper substrate 21B.
A positioning hole 23 corresponding to the 0 positioning protrusion 14 is formed. The mounting side plate 21C has five through holes 2 so as to be aligned with the mounting holes 13 of the body frame 10.
4 are formed, and a nut 25 is fixed by welding so as to be in close contact with a hole edge inside (a side corresponding to the side surface substrate) of each through hole 24. In addition, this nut 25
Constitutes a fixing means 30 which is a constituent element of the present invention, and has a function of fixing the carrier 20 to the mounting portion 12 in cooperation with the bolt 31.

The four cross bars 22A, 22B, 22
C, 22D, the crossbar 22A located at the forefront end
A top plate 22a, a side plate 22b coupled downward from the rear edge of the top substrate 22a at right angles, and a support plate 22c coupled rearward from a lower edge of the side substrate 22b;
And a connecting piece 22d rearwardly coupled from both left and right ends of the side substrate 22b. The cross bar 22A is formed by connecting the left and right ends of the support plate 22c to the support plate 21 of the side frame 21.
In the state of being placed on D, the connecting piece 22d is attached by being fixed to the side substrate 21A of the side frame 21 by welding. On the other hand, the crossbar 2 located at the rearmost end
2D has a shape symmetrical with the front end crossbar 22A. Also, the other two crossbars 22B, 2B
2C is an upper surface substrate 22a and a pair of front and rear side substrates 2 which are coupled at right angles downward from both front and rear edges of the upper surface substrate 22a.
2b, a pair of front and rear support plates 22c coupled to the front and rear from the lower edge of the both side substrates 22b, and a pair of front and rear connection pieces 22d coupled to the left and right ends of the front and rear both side substrates 22b. Consists of These crossbars 22B and 22C
With the left and right ends of the support plate 22c placed on the support plate 21D of the side frame 21, the two right and left connecting pieces 22d are fixed to the side substrate 21A of the side frame 21 by welding.

The carrier 20 holds six batteries B in which a number of thick plate-like cells (not shown) are stacked and fixed. The six batteries B include a side frame 21 and crossbars 22A, 22B, 22C, 2
In a space defined by the 2D, two are arranged on the left and right and three are arranged before and after.
The front and rear edges of the lower surface of each battery B are
A, 22B, 22C, and 22D are supported in a state of being placed on the support plate 22c, and play in the left and right directions is restricted by the side frames 21, so that the crossbars 22A, 22B,
The movement in the front-rear direction is regulated by 22C and 22D. The six batteries B are connected to each crossbar 22.
Upward movement is regulated by a band-like holding member 26 fixed to the upper substrate 22a of A, 22B, 22C, 22D. Note that the holding member 26 has a sufficiently wide width so as to straddle the two batteries B arranged side by side, and is made of a metal material, a rubber material, a plastic material, or the like.

As described above, the fixing means 30 comprises the bolt 31 and the nut 25, and a total of ten sets of the bolt 31 and the nut 25 are prepared. Bolt 31
Is a hexagonal head 31A, a flange 31B and a male screw 31C.
Are integrally formed, are penetrated from the outside of the body frame 10 into the mounting holes 13 and the through holes 24, and are screwed to the nuts 25. The expansion and contraction means 40 is integrally attached to the front and rear crossbars 22A and 22D of the carrier 20, respectively. Hereinafter, the structure of the expansion and contraction means 40 will be described. Crossbar 22
A fixing member 41 is fixed to the lower surface of the upper substrate 22a of A, 22D, and the upper ends of a pair of left and right upper links 42 are pivotally supported by the fixing member 41 so as to be able to rotate in the vertical direction. Connecting members 43 and 44 are pivotally supported at the lower ends of the pair of upper links 42, respectively. The upper ends of the lower links 45 are respectively rotatable in the connecting members 43 and 44 in the vertical direction. It is pivoted. The lower ends of the pair of lower links 45 are both supported by a support member 46. That is, the upper link 42 and the lower link 45 are connected in a rhombic (pantograph) shape as viewed from the front side by the fixing member 41, the connecting members 43 and 44, and the supporting member 46. One connecting member 43 of the left and right connecting members 43, 44 supports one end of a male screw shaft 47 whose axis is oriented in the left-right direction so as to be rotatable only. The other connecting member 4
4, a female screw hole (not shown) is formed, and a male screw shaft 47 is screwed into the female screw hole. A tool fitting portion 48 is formed at an end of the male screw shaft 47, and an end of a separate tool 49 made of a bent bar is fitted into the tool fitting portion 48. When the tool 49 is rotated, the male screw shaft 47 is rotated, and accordingly, the four links 42, 45 are displaced in the tilting direction or the upright direction while maintaining the rhombus. This link 4
When the support members 46 and 45 are displaced in the tilting direction, the support member 46 approaches the fixing member 41 and the carrier 20 from below, and when the links 42 and 45 are displaced in the upright direction, the support member 46 is displaced.
Are separated from the carrier 20 downward. In addition, the support member 46 is spaced apart in the left-right direction.
Casters 50 (wheels, which are components of the present invention) are attached to the respective positions.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. When the battery B is mounted on the electric vehicle V,
The support members 46 are placed on the floor or on the road in a contracted state in which the links 42 and 45 of 0 are tilted to bring the support member 46 close to the fixing member 41. In this state, since the carrier 20 and the battery B are at a low position, the carrier 20 and the battery B are sunk under the vehicle body Va to correspond to the mounting portion 12. Next, the tool 49 is attached to the expansion / contraction means 40 and rotated to operate the links 42 and 45.
In the upright direction, that is, in the extended state. Then, the carrier 20 and the battery B are raised, and the positioning holes 23 are fitted into the conical positioning protrusions 14. By this fitting, the mounting side plate 21C of the carrier 20 is accompanied by the ascending operation.
Are positioned in the horizontal direction with respect to the mounting portion 12. still,
In positioning in the horizontal direction, the caster 50 of the expansion / contraction means 40 rolls, so that the horizontal movement of the carrier 20 is performed smoothly. Then, the upper substrate 21B of the carrier 20
Comes into contact with the lower surface of the body frame 10, the mounting portion 12
The operation by the tool 49 is stopped because the through hole 24 of the carrier 20 is aligned with the mounting hole 13 of. In this state, when the bolt 31 is inserted into each of the mounting holes 13 and the through holes 24 and screwed and fastened to the nut 25, the carrier 20 and the battery B are fixed to the vehicle body Va. After the carrier 20 is fixed to the vehicle body Va side, the links 42 and 45 of the expansion / contraction means 40 are displaced in the tilting direction, and the support member 46 is raised to approach the fixing member 41 and the carrier 20;
In the retracted state (contracted state), finally, the tool is
Remove from 0.

When removing the battery B from the vehicle body Va,
The tool 49 is attached to the expansion / contraction means 40 and rotated, and the links 42 and 45 in the contracted state are rotated and displaced in the upright direction to extend them, and the casters 50 are brought into contact with the floor or the road surface. As a result, the expansion / contraction means 40 becomes capable of supporting the carrier 20. In this state, when the bolt 31 is loosened and removed from the nut 25, the through hole 24 and the mounting hole 13,
The carrier 20 and the battery B are disengaged from the attachment portion 12 and released from the holding state by the vehicle body Va.
The state is supported by 0. Thereafter, when the tool 49 is rotated to displace the links 42 and 45 in the tilting direction, the expansion / contraction means 40 is in a contracted state, and the carrier 20 and the battery B are lowered. Then, when the upper surface of the battery B becomes lower than the bottom surface of the vehicle body Va, the battery B is pulled out along with the expansion / contraction means 40 to the side of the vehicle body Va.

The operation of expanding and contracting the two front and rear expansion means 40 is performed by completely expanding or contracting only one of the front and rear expansion means 40 and then expanding or contracting the other expansion and contraction means 40. May be performed, and the front and rear expansion / contraction means 40 may be gradually expanded or contracted. This embodiment has the following effects. Since the expansion / contraction means 40 for raising and lowering the battery B and the carrier 20 is provided integrally with the carrier 20 itself, the work of mounting and removing the battery B can be performed even in a place where no elevator such as a garage jack is provided. Is possible.

Since both the work of attaching and removing the battery B can be performed from outside the vehicle, the workability is better than the case where the work is performed both inside and outside the vehicle. Since the battery B is attached and detached simply by performing the operation of coupling or disengaging the carrier 20 to or from the mounting portion 12, the number of steps is small, and the workability is also excellent in this respect. Since the battery B is mounted outside the vehicle, a space for the battery B is not required inside the vehicle, and the layout due to the installation of the battery B is not required when designing the layout inside the vehicle.

When the battery B is mounted, the positioning projection 14 and the positioning hole 23 are fitted to each other so that
Since the through hole 24 and the nut 25 can be positioned with respect to the mounting hole 13 of the mounting portion 12, workability when screwing the bolt 31 is good. Since the casters 50 are provided on the expansion / contraction means 40, the casters 50 can be easily moved on the floor or on the road with the battery B removed. Since the front and rear expansion / contraction means 40 can be individually moved up and down, even when the surface supporting the expansion / contraction means 40 and the vehicle body Va are not parallel, such as uneven terrain or a stepped floor, the battery B is connected to the vehicle body Va. The work can be stably performed with the proper orientation. Since the carrier 20 holds six batteries B, it is a heavy object and it is difficult to lift it with human hands. However, the use of the expansion / contraction means 40 makes it possible for one person to easily attach / detach. It is possible.

[Other Embodiments] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above with reference to the drawings. For example, the following embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. (1) In the above embodiment, the carrier, the battery, and the expansion / contraction means are exposed outside the vehicle body. However, according to the present invention, only the battery may be accommodated in the vehicle. It may be covered with a cover or the like. (2) In the above-described embodiment, the expansion / contraction means is provided with wheels. However, according to the present invention, the attachment / detachment operation may be performed by mounting the expansion / contraction means on a separate cart without providing the expansion / contraction means with wheels. Good.

(3) In the above embodiment, the two expanding / contracting means are independently operated to extend / contract. However, the two expanding / contracting means are connected so as to be interlocked, and the two expanding / contracting means are simultaneously extended / contracted and contracted by one action operation. You may do so. (4) In the above embodiment, the expansion and contraction means are provided at two positions before and after the carrier, but according to the present invention, one expansion and contraction means may be provided at the center position of the carrier. (5) In the above embodiment, the positioning means on the mounting portion is formed as a projection and the positioning means on the carrier side is formed as a hole. However, according to the present invention, the positioning means on the mounting portion is formed as a hole and the positioning means on the carrier is formed as a projection. It is good also as a shape.

(6) In the above embodiment, bolts are used as fixing means, but according to the present invention, means other than bolts may be used. (7) In the above embodiment, a means for fixing the expansion / contraction means to the vehicle body side may be provided, whereby it is possible to prevent rattling of the expansion / contraction means during traveling and generation of abnormal noise due to the rattling.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial side view showing a state where a battery is attached to a vehicle body in a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a partial side view of a state where a battery is removed from a vehicle body.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a mounting portion.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a battery and a carrier.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a state where the battery is mounted on the vehicle body.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a state where the battery is attached to the vehicle body and the expansion / contraction means is extended.

FIG. 7 is a front view showing a state where a battery is removed from a vehicle body.

FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a state in which the battery is detached from the vehicle body.

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state where the battery is attached to the vehicle body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 B: Battery V: Electric vehicle Va: Body 12: Mounting part 20: Carrier 30: Fixing means 40: Telescopic means 50: Caster (wheel)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A detachable structure for attaching and detaching a battery to and from an electric vehicle, comprising: a carrier capable of holding the battery and detachable from a vehicle body from below; A battery attaching / detaching structure for an electric vehicle, comprising: integrally provided telescopic means capable of being displaced between a state of extending downward from the carrier and a state of contracting toward the carrier. 2. A mounting portion provided on an outer lower surface of the vehicle body,
The battery attaching / detaching structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising fixing means for enabling coupling and disengagement of the carrier to and from the mounting portion outside the vehicle. 3. The battery mounting / removing structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein wheels are provided on the expansion / contraction means. 4. A method for attaching and detaching a battery to and from an electric vehicle, comprising: a carrier capable of holding the battery and detachable from a vehicle body from below; When the battery is attached, the structure is provided integrally with an expansion / contraction means capable of being displaced between a state of extending downward from the carrier and a state of contracting toward the carrier. When the carrier is moved upward by extending the telescopic unit in a state where the telescopic unit is grounded, the carrier is mounted on the vehicle body, the telescopic unit is displaced from the extended state to the contracted state, and when the battery is removed, The carrier is supported by extending and retracting the expansion / contraction means, disengaging the carrier from the vehicle body, and displacing the contraction means to a contracted state. A battery mounting and dismounting method for an electric vehicle.