JP2000291440A - Turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a turbocharger capable of varying intake air amount, lightweight, and having few number of part items. SOLUTION: A plurality of blades 8 of a variable nozzle vane in this turbocharger is rotatably supported between ring-shaped a first and second support plates 2, 4. A gear 10 is provided on a shaft part 8a of the blade 8 and meshed with an internal gear 12. When the internal gear 12 is rotated, the gear 10 is rotated, and the direction of the blades 8 can be changed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a turbocharger used for automobiles and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an engine of an automobile or the like, air is taken in by rotating a compressor wheel by the rotational force of a rotating turbine by utilizing exhaust gas, compressed and sent to a carburetor or a fuel injection device. ,
Turbochargers that increase the intake capacity of the engine and obtain high output are used.

[0003] In a general turbocharger,
A rotor with a turbine and a compressor wheel at the end of the shaft is used.The turbine is rotated by the exhaust of the engine, and the amount of air sent to the engine according to the rotation speed of the compressor wheel driven to rotate by the rotation is used. Was increasing.

[0004]

In a conventional turbocharger, the amount of air to be sent increases in accordance with the rotation speed of the turbine. A so-called turbo lag that does not follow occurs. For this reason, the responsiveness of the engine may be poor and difficult to handle. In recent years, the weight of the rotor has been reduced to reduce the inertial weight of the turbine, and the responsiveness has been improved.

On the other hand, in recent years, there has been an urgent need to improve fuel efficiency of automobile engines and to respond to various emission regulations based on environmental standards, and turbochargers for compensating for a decrease in engine output are being reviewed. In some cases, conventional electronic control of supercharging pressure alone is not enough to cope with environmental measures. For this reason, it has been attempted to improve the structure of the turbocharger. However, it is predicted that the weight will increase, and it is considered that the above-described turbo lag may occur. Was desired.

In recent years, a turbocharger provided with a variable nozzle vane that variably applies exhaust gas to a rotor turbine has been put into practical use. In this technique, a plurality of blades are arranged in the vicinity of a turbine, and by changing the angle of the blades, the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is varied. Even when the exhaust pressure is low, the flow velocity is increased to speed up the rotation of the rotor. . Such a variable nozzle vane does not require any modification to the basic structure of the turbocharger, but requires a complicated structure and many parts such as a link mechanism for moving a plurality of blades, and is heavy and costly. The challenge has been to suppress the increase in

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has as its object to provide a turbocharger capable of changing an intake air amount, being lightweight, and having a small number of parts.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a turbocharger having a housing having a compressor housing for introducing air and a turbine housing for introducing exhaust, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing. A compressor wheel that is provided at one end of the shaft and sucks air into the compressor housing, and compresses and sends the compressed air, and a compressor that is rotated at the other end of the shaft by exhaust gas introduced into the turbine housing. In a turbocharger comprising a rotor comprising a turbine that rotationally drives a wheel, and a variable nozzle vane provided in the vicinity of the turbine and varying the flow velocity of the introduced exhaust gas to impinge on the turbine, first and second ring-shaped turbochargers are provided. 2 support plate and the first support plate and the second support plate. A plurality of blades rotatably supported on each of the blades, a gear provided on a shaft portion of the blade, and one of the first and second support plates rotatably mounted on the gear; A variable nozzle vane is formed by a ring-shaped internal gear having meshing teeth formed on an inner peripheral surface thereof, and the angle of the blade is changed by rotating the internal gear to vary the flow rate of exhaust gas. It is.

The variable nozzle vane in the turbocharger of the present invention is disposed between the first and second ring-shaped support plates, and is rotatably supported by the first and second support plates. A plurality of blades, a gear provided on a shaft portion of the blade, and a tooth portion rotatably attached to one of the first and second support plates and meshing with the gear are formed on an inner peripheral surface. And a formed ring-shaped internal gear.

Further, the turbocharger of the present invention has a housing having a compressor housing for introducing air and a turbine housing for introducing exhaust, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, and a The compressor wheel, which is provided at one end, sucks air into the compressor housing, and compresses and sends it out, and the exhaust, which is provided at the other end of the shaft, is introduced into the turbine housing to rotate the compressor wheel. And a rotor comprising: a first rotor and a second rotor. The first rotor and the second rotor are disposed between the first and second support plates in a ring shape and fixed to the shaft. A plurality of blades movably supported on a shaft, gears respectively provided on shaft portions of the blades, the first and second blades; While rotatably mounted to the lifting plate, a ring-shaped internal gear teeth that mesh is formed on the inner peripheral surface to the gear, which is constituted by.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A variable nozzle vane in a turbocharger according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of rotatably supported blades between first and second ring-shaped support plates disposed near a turbine. ing. These blades increase the flow velocity of the exhaust gas introduced into the turbine housing portion and impinge on the turbine, thereby forming a rapidly flowing exhaust gas flow. A gear is provided on the shaft of the blade, and meshes with a tooth of an internal gear rotatably attached to one of the first and second support plates.
Therefore, by rotating the internal gear, the gear meshing with the internal gear rotates, and the direction of the blade can be changed to open or close. Therefore, even when the rotation of the engine is low and the exhaust pressure is low, the flow speed of the exhaust can be increased by closing the blade, and the rotor can be rotated at a high speed even when the exhaust energy is low. In addition, in relation to improvement of fuel efficiency and purification of exhaust gas, control is performed such as opening the blades at high speeds, etc., to suppress unnecessary increases in output, etc., and to always operate the engine under optimal conditions. It can improve fuel efficiency and purification of exhaust gas.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway external view of the turbocharger shown in FIG.

1 and 2, reference numeral 24 denotes a housing, which has a compressor housing portion 24a for introducing air from an air cleaner and sending it to an engine, and a turbine housing portion 24b for introducing exhaust gas from the engine and sending it to a muffler. are doing.

Reference numeral 26 denotes a rotor, which is a shaft 2 rotatably supported by a housing 24 via a bearing or the like.
6c, a compressor wheel 26a provided at one end of the shaft body 26c and housed in a compressor housing portion 24a, and a turbine 26b provided at the other end of the shaft body 26c and housed in a turbine housing 24b. I have.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a variable nozzle vane provided in the turbine housing 24b. The variable nozzle vanes 28 rectify exhaust gas introduced into the turbine housing portion 24b with a plurality of blades, and efficiently convert the exhaust gas into the turbine 26b.
, The rotor 26 is rotated.
The variable nozzle vane 28 has a ring shape and is disposed so as to cover the turbine 26b. The detailed structure of the variable nozzle vane 28 in this embodiment will be described later.

In the turbocharger having the above-described structure, the exhaust gas from the engine is rectified by the variable nozzle vanes 28 to vary the flow velocity thereof, and is rotated against the turbine 26b. Thereby, the compressor wheel 26a
Rotates to suck and compress air and send it to the engine.

Next, the detailed structure of the variable nozzle vane 28 will be described. 3 is an exploded partial view showing the structure of the variable nozzle vane of the turbocharger, FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective partial view of the variable nozzle vane shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a side view showing an assembled state of the variable nozzle vane shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the variable nozzle vane with the holding plate removed, and FIG. 7 is a partial plan view showing the meshing state of the gear and the internal gear shown in FIG. 3 and the like.

Reference numerals 2 and 4 denote ring-shaped first and second support plates, and a plurality of screws 6 so as to overlap at predetermined intervals.
Are joined by The first support plate 2 has a central hole 2
A boss portion 2b protruding in the axial direction is provided at the peripheral portion of the main body 2a. Hole 2e;
Screw holes 2f for screwing screws for attaching a holding plate for holding an internal gear described later are formed in the axial direction, respectively. On the other hand, the second support plate 4 has a hole 4a having the same diameter as the hole 2a of the first support plate 2 at the center thereof, and corresponds to the through hole 2d and the screw hole 2e of the first support plate 2. Positions have through holes 4d and 4e, respectively.

Numeral 8 is a blade, and a plurality of blades are arranged between the first and second support plates 2 and 4 such that the wide front and rear surfaces for rectifying the exhaust are directed in the radial direction. The blade 8 is provided with a shaft portion 8a projecting vertically from an end face facing the first and second support plates 2, 4, and the shaft portion 8a is provided with the first and second support plates 2, 4. Are inserted in the through holes 2d and 4d and are rotatably supported.

Reference numeral 10 denotes a gear fixed to the shaft 8a of the blade 8 protruding from the through hole 2d of the first support plate 2. In this embodiment, the gear 10 has a fan shape, and has a tooth portion 10a provided on a circumferential outer surface thereof. The gear 10 rotates at a predetermined angle and is arranged so that adjacent gears do not interfere with each other. .

Reference numeral 12 denotes an internal gear mounted on the main body 2c of the first support plate 2. The tooth 12a formed on the inner peripheral surface of the internal gear meshes with the tooth 10a of the gear 10, and is in the radial direction. Is positioned at

Reference numeral 14 denotes an end face of the internal gear 12 or a holding plate which abuts or is fitted into a concave portion 12b provided on the end face and presses the internal gear 12 in the axial direction.
The holding plate 14 has a ring shape, and has a hole 14a having the same diameter as the hole 2a of the first support plate 2 at the center, and a position corresponding to the screw hole 2f and the through hole 2d of the first support plate 2. Are provided with through holes 14f and 14d, respectively. The holding plate 14 is fixed to the first support plate 2 by screwing a screw 16 inserted into the through hole 14 f into a screw hole 14 f of the first support plate 2. For this reason, the internal gear 12 is rotatably supported by being sandwiched between the first support plate 2 and the holding plate 14.

Next, the operation of the blade 8 in the variable nozzle vane having the above configuration will be described. The blade 8 in the variable nozzle vane rotates the internal gear 12 by operating the actuator 30 (FIG. 2) to rotate the gear 10 meshing with the internal gear 12, and rotates with the rotation about the shaft 8 a. It is configured so that the angle can be changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, when the internal gear 12 is turned in the direction of the arrow 18 with respect to the first and second support plates 2 and 4, the gear 10 also rotates in the same direction. It rotates in the direction of arrow 18 around the shaft 8a. At this time, as shown in FIG.
The front and rear surfaces of the blade 8 are substantially in the radial direction, the interval between the blades 8 is narrowed, and the flow velocity can be increased even if the exhaust pressure introduced into the turbine housing 24b (FIG. 1) is low. Therefore, the turbine 26b can be rotated at a high speed even at a low speed.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the internal gear 12 is connected to the first and second support plates 2 and 4 by arrows 22.
, The gear 10 also rotates in the same direction, the front surface and the rear surface of the blade 8 are oriented substantially in the rotation direction of the turbine 26, and the interval between the blades 8 is widened. In this state, although the exhaust gas is slightly rectified, it is applied to the turbine 26b in almost the original state. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently convert the rotation of the turbine 26b to the rotation of the turbine 26b without reducing the exhaust energy when the exhaust pressure is high, such as during high-speed running.

By finely controlling the variation of the angle of the blades 8 by the rotation of the internal gear 12 as described above, it is possible to generate high torque in the entire rotation range of the engine and reduce fuel consumption. Become.

The first and second support plates 2 and 4 of the variable nozzle vane 28, the internal gear 12,
Each of the holding plate 14 and the blade 8 has a simple plate shape. For this reason, when these components are formed from an aluminum alloy or the like having high heat resistance, it can be formed by powder metallurgy, fine blanking, blanking by press working, or the like.

Further, in the above-described structure, the flow rate of the exhaust gas can be changed by changing the number and shape of the blades 8, and the number of teeth of the gear 10 and the internal gear 12 can be changed only by changing the number of teeth. Behavior can be changed.

On the other hand, since the variable nozzle vane 28 has a light weight and a relatively simple structure, the shape of the blade 8 of the variable nozzle vane 28 is changed and the variable nozzle vane 28 is fixed to the end of the shaft 26c of the rotor 26. By doing so, it is also possible to use a variable turbine in which the angle of the blade is variable instead of the turbine 26b. In this case, internal gear 1
In the rotation control of 2, the contact member that applies a load to the outer peripheral surface of the internal gear 12 so as not to affect the rotation of the rotor 26 is contacted, and the rotation is delayed by applying a load only to the internal gear 12 by the contact pressure. The angle of the blade 8 can be changed. In this case, it is possible to return the blades 8 to a constant state if the blades 8 are set to be spread by the exhaust pressure or the centrifugal force of the rotation of the rotor in the no-load state.

In the above embodiment, the gear 10 and the shaft 8a of the blade 8 are formed separately, but as shown in FIG. 10, an integrally formed one can be used. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the blade 8 and the shaft portion 8a protruding above and below the blade 8 are integrally formed, and the shaft portion 8a
The gear 10 is formed integrally with the upper end of the gear. When the blade member 40 integrated as described above is used, the shaft portion 8a cannot be inserted into the through hole 2d of the first support plate 2 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, this is composed of a ring-shaped outer support plate 2A and a ring-shaped inner support plate 2B having an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the outer support plate 2A. That is, a concave notch 2Aa formed by cutting into a U shape is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer support plate 2A, and the concave notch 2Aa is provided.
The shaft portion 8a is fitted into the outer support plate 2A from the center direction of the outer support plate 2A,
Thereafter, the inner support plate 2B is fitted and fixed inside the outer support plate 2A, so that the shaft portion 8a of the blade member 40 can be attached to the first support plate 2 in a rotatable state. By using the integrally formed blade member 40 as described above, the number of components can be significantly reduced.

The internal gear 12 shown in FIG.
Is a single pitch tooth portion 12 over the entire circumference of its inner peripheral surface.
Although a is formed, as shown in FIG. 12, the tooth portion 12 a may be provided only in a range that meshes with the gear 10. At that time, the pitch of the tooth portions 12a may be changed according to each gear 10. When the pitch of the teeth 12a is changed in accordance with the gear 10, the operation of each blade 8 can be set finely. In some cases, it is necessary to use a combination of several types, but this problem is solved, and the same gear 10 can be used.

[0031]

According to the present invention, it is possible to change the direction of the blades of the variable nozzle vane and increase the flow velocity of exhaust gas impinging on the turbine simply by turning the internal gear. be able to. For this reason, the turbo lag can be minimized, and fuel consumption and exhaust measures can be taken in detail.

The components constituting the variable nozzle vane are plate-shaped and thin, and the components are simple in shape and small in number, so that the components can be reduced in thickness, size and weight.

Further, since the shape of each component is simple, it can be manufactured by a manufacturing method excellent in mass productivity, and cost can be reduced.

Further, since the structure is lightweight and simple as described above, the structure of the variable nozzle vane can be used as it is as the turbine of the rotor. By directly changing the angle of the blade of the turbine, the rotation of the rotor can be reduced. It is also possible to control.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a turbocharger according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway external view of the turbocharger shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an exploded partial view showing a structure of a variable nozzle vane of the turbocharger shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective partial view of the variable nozzle vane shown in FIG.

5 is a partial side view showing a state where the variable nozzle vane shown in FIG. 3 is assembled.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the variable nozzle vane from which a holding plate is removed.

FIG. 7 is a partial plan view showing a meshing state between the gear and the internal gear shown in FIG. 3 and the like.

FIG. 8 is a perspective plan view showing the meshing state of a gear and an internal gear and the operation of a blade.

FIG. 9 is a perspective plan view showing the meshing state of the gear and the internal gear and the operation of the blade.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a blade member in which a gear and a shaft portion of the blade are integrally formed.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a main part showing a first support plate that is compatible with the blade member shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of a main part showing a modified example in which the tooth portion of the internal gear is formed only in a range that meshes with the gear.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 First support plate 4 Second support plate 6 Screw 8 Blade 8a Shaft 10 Gear 12 Internal gear 12a Tooth 14 Press plate 16 Screw 24 Housing 26 Rotor 26a Compressor wheel 26b Turbine 28 Variable nozzle vane 30 Actuator 40 Blade member

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A housing having a compressor housing for introducing air, a turbine housing for introducing exhaust, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, and a shaft provided at one end of the shaft. A compressor wheel that sucks air into the compressor housing portion and compresses and sends it out; and a turbine that is provided at the other end of the shaft body and that rotates with the exhaust gas introduced into the turbine housing portion and rotationally drives the compressor wheel. And a variable nozzle vane provided near the turbine and adapted to vary the flow rate of the introduced exhaust gas and impinge on the turbine. A plurality of blades disposed between the first and second support plates and rotatably pivotally supported, respectively; A gear provided on the shaft of the blade; and a ring-shaped gear rotatably mounted on one of the first and second support plates and having a tooth portion meshing with the gear formed on the inner peripheral surface. A variable nozzle vane comprising the internal gear and the internal gear, and rotating the internal gear to change the angle of the blade to change the flow rate of exhaust gas. 2. A ring-shaped first and second support plate, a plurality of blades disposed between the first and second support plates and rotatably supported respectively, and a shaft portion of the blade And a ring-shaped internal gear, which is rotatably attached to one of the first and second support plates and has a tooth portion meshing with the gear formed on an inner peripheral surface. A variable nozzle vane characterized in that: 3. A housing having a compressor housing for introducing air, a turbine housing for introducing exhaust, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, and a shaft provided at one end of the shaft. A compressor wheel that sucks air into the compressor housing portion and compresses and sends it out; and a turbine that is provided at the other end of the shaft body and that rotates with the exhaust gas introduced into the turbine housing portion and rotationally drives the compressor wheel. A ring-shaped first and second support plate fixed to the shaft body, and disposed between the first and second support plates and rotatably mounted on the shaft. A plurality of blades supported, gears respectively provided on shaft portions of the blades, and rotatably mounted on one of the first and second support plates. And a ring-shaped internal gear having a tooth portion meshed with the gear and formed on an inner peripheral surface thereof.