JP2000271212A - Simple blood dialysis apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood dialysis apparatus by which blood dialysis can be easily and safety performed at home without the need for both of an expensive dialysis device used as an artificial kidney for performing blood dialysis and a device for producing and supplying dialyzate, or a dialysis apparatus in which the both of them are integrated. SOLUTION: A bag-shaped case 1 having openings at its both ends is filled with hollow fiber membranes 2 for dialysis in which blood flows and a dialyzate 3. Then, blood is allowed to flow in at one side 4 of the bag-shaped case, and the dialyzate 3 filled is brought into contact with the blood through a dyalysis film 2 to diffuse waste products in the blood to purify the blood. Thereafter, the purified blood is taken out from the other side 5 of the bag-shaped case 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a hemodialysis apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to an integrated simple hemodialysis apparatus in which a dialysis membrane and a dialysate are filled in a bag-shaped case.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional hemodialysis for treating patients suffering from renal insufficiency or poisoning is an extracorporeal circulation system, in which blood drawn from the patient's body is passed through a separately arranged artificial kidney, and at the same time, another artificial kidney is applied to the artificial kidney. By passing the dialysate prepared in step 2 and bringing the blood and dialysate into contact with the artificial kidney through a plate-like or hollow-fiber dialysis membrane, urea, creatine, uric acid, etc. Of low molecular metabolites in the dialysate, while removing water by ultrafiltration,
As a result, the blood is purified.

[0003]

However, in order to perform hemodialysis, an exclusive kidney is used as an artificial kidney, and expensive dialysis equipment and a device for producing and supplying dialysis fluid, or both, or both are integrated. Equipment is required.

Further, in normal dialysis, dialysate is added at a rate of 5 times a minute.
Since it passes through the artificial kidney at a speed of 00 ml and requires a large amount of water and dialysate raw materials to be discharged, a large amount of dialysate, including water supply equipment and discharged waste, is treated and discharged into sewage. Drainage equipment is required.

According to the present invention, a hollow fiber membrane as a dialysis membrane and a dialysis solution are filled in a bag-like case having openings at both ends, so that a special dialysis machine is not required, and there is no special technique for handling dialysis machines. It is another object of the present invention to provide a simple dialysis apparatus that can easily perform dialysis even for a serious patient or a home patient at the bedside.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An outline of the present invention is to integrate a dialysis membrane consisting of a hollow fiber membrane through which blood passes and a dialysis solution into a bag-like case having openings at both ends. Blood from the patient is dialyzed by contacting the filled dialysate via the dialysis membrane and returned to the patient again. Low-molecular metabolites such as urea, creatine, and uric acid, which are waste products in blood, accumulate in the dialysate filled in the bag.

The dialysate of the dialysis apparatus of the present invention is gradually contaminated during dialysis because waste products, which are metabolites of low and middle molecules in blood, diffuse through the dialysis membrane. The dialysis device of the present invention
If dialysate contamination is observed during dialysis, a dialysate pack filled with a new dialysate can be connected to the dialyzer to easily replace only the dialysate and use it with high efficiency and low cost. It is a dialysis machine.

It is possible to extend the life of the dialysate by filling the dialyser with an adsorbent for adsorbing waste products in addition to the hollow fiber membrane and the dialysate for the purpose of purifying the dialysate in the dialyser. Become. Suitable activated carbon for this purpose is granular activated carbon, but is not limited thereto.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the basic structure of a simplified hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention. A bag-shaped case (1) having openings at both ends is filled with a hollow fiber membrane (2) as a dialysis membrane in which hollow fibers are bundled and a dialysate (3). Blood from the patient undergoing dialysis enters through the tube (4) at the lower end of the bag-like case (1), comes into contact with the blood via the hollow fiber membrane (2), and wastes in the blood such as urea, creatine, and uric acid. Low and middle molecular metabolites are diffused and accumulated in the dialysate (3). The dialyzed blood exits the top tube (5) and is returned to the patient. At the same time, excess water in the blood is removed by pressing the diaphragm (6) provided at the upper end.

The simplified hemodialysis apparatus of the present invention does not require a dedicated dialysis device or a device for producing and supplying a dialysis solution because the dialysis membrane and the dialysis solution are filled in the bag-like case. Therefore, hemodialysis can be performed at the bedside of critically ill patients.
In addition, since specialized technology for handling hemodialysis machines is not required, hemodialysis can be easily performed even at home.

A method for replacing a new dialysate in the dialyzer will be described with reference to FIG. Tubes (7), (8) and (9) are provided on both shoulders and the lower left of the dialysis device shown in FIG. 1, and when draining the contaminated dialysate, (7) is closed (8)
Opening (9) and opening (9) allows the spent dialysate in the dialyzer to be discharged in a short time.

Next, when the dialysate is filled, (8) is opened, (9) is closed, and a dialysate pack filled with a new dialysate is connected to the tube of (7) to quickly dialyze. The dialysis can be continued by filling the apparatus with a dialysate.

A method for removing small molecular weight proteins in blood using granular activated carbon in a blood purifier is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-26.
No. 6,948, and a method for removing low and middle molecular metabolites in a dialysate using activated carbon is similarly useful. The adsorbent used in the present apparatus for the purpose of purifying the dialysate may be granular activated carbon or another adsorbent, and is not specified.

[0014]

The simple hemodialysis apparatus of the present invention performs conventional hemodialysis because of the mechanism in which waste matter contained in blood extracted from a patient is accumulated in a dialysate filled in a bag-like case. In addition to eliminating the need for a dialysis fluid supply device that was necessary for this purpose, there is no toxin called endotoxin that occurs during the process of making and supplying the dialysis fluid, which can prevent diseases such as amyloidosis caused by this. it can. Further, since a dialysis device or a dialysate supply device equipped with an expensive artificial kidney is not required, the cost related to dialysis can be reduced. Furthermore, since specialized skills and skills for handling these devices are not required, hemodialysis at a medical institution without dialysis equipment or at home is facilitated, and efficient hemodialysis can be performed. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a basic structure of a simplified hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for replacing a dialysate in a simple type dialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bag-shaped case 2 Hollow fiber membrane 3 Dialysate 4 Blood inflow tube 5 Blood outflow tube 6 Pressurization restrictor 7 Tube for filling new dialysate 8 Adjustment tube for discharging and filling dialysate 9 Used dialysis Pipe for draining liquid

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A bag-like case having openings at both ends is filled with a dialysis solution and a hollow fiber membrane for dialysis through which blood flows, and the blood is brought into contact with an osmotic solution via the dialysis membrane composed of the hollow fiber membrane. An integrated simplified hemodialysis apparatus characterized in that blood is dialyzed by letting the blood be dialyzed. 2. A bag-like case having openings at both ends is filled with a hollow fiber membrane for dialysis through which blood flows, an dialysis solution and an adsorbent for adsorbing waste products accumulated in the dialysis solution. An integrated simple hemodialysis apparatus wherein blood is dialyzed by bringing blood into contact with a dialysate via a dialysis membrane comprising a membrane. 3. The simplified hemodialysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the contaminated dialysate can be discharged and replaced with a new dialysate to continue dialysis.