JP2000265173A - Method and system for dry distillation-type cracking - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the subject method and system therefor, enabling feedstocks to be treated efficiently in a short time and separated into a gas component and solid component in a stable condition. SOLUTION: This method for dry distillation-type cracking which is intended for thermally cracking a feedstock R comprising petroleum-based compounds in a substantially closed space to separate it into a solid component and a gas component, has a conveyance process for conveying a feedstock charged in the front step A of the above closed space toward the rear step B and a heating process for heating the above closed space to thermally crack the feedstock during conveyance operation; wherein the heating process has a temperature-raising stage for heating the feedstock at the front step of the closed space to such a temperature as to enable it to be cracked and a separation stage for thermal insulation at such a temperature as to enable the gas component to be separated until the gas component is nearly entirely separated from the solid component at the rear step of the closed space; in this case, the temperature-raising stage is designed to set heating energy per unit time to be greater than that in the separation stage.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dry distillation cracking method and apparatus for pyrolyzing a raw material composed of petroleum compounds such as waste plastics and vinyl chloride products to separate them into solid components and gas components.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, wastes made of petroleum compounds such as waste tires, waste plastics and vinyl chloride products generate toxic substances such as dioxin when incinerated as they are. Means for decomposing and separating into solid components that can be reused as petroleum resources and gas components containing toxic gases such as chlorine components for treatment are being studied.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional thermal decomposition means has the following problems. That is, it is necessary to secure sufficient residence time in a high temperature state in order to completely separate the gas component from the solid component after starting to crack the raw material composed of petroleum compounds such as waste tires. In order to reduce the time, it is desired to reduce the heating time required for the initial thermal decomposition as much as possible.

[0004] On the other hand, conventionally, heat treatment is performed using a single heat medium. However, after heating by decomposition, heating is continued with the same heat medium during the residence time required for separation of gas components. However, the temperature may not be stable and may greatly exceed the temperature required for separating gas components, causing a runaway reaction. In this case, there is an inconvenience that the solid component is further decomposed and its value as a reusable fuel is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a dry distillation method and apparatus capable of efficiently treating in a short time and separating gas components and solid components in a stable state. The purpose is to provide.

[0006]

The present invention has the following features to attain the object mentioned above. That is, in the dry distillation cracking method according to claim 1, in the dry distillation cracking method in which a raw material composed of a petroleum compound is thermally decomposed in a substantially closed space to separate it into a solid component and a gas component, A transfer step of transferring the input raw material while pulverizing it from the former stage to the latter stage, and a heating step of heating the substantially enclosed space to thermally decompose the raw material during the transfer step, the heating step comprising: A heating step in which the raw material is heated to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed at a stage preceding the substantially enclosed space, and a gas component can be separated until the gas component is substantially completely separated from the solid component at a stage subsequent to the substantially enclosed space. A separation step of keeping the temperature at a temperature, and in the temperature raising step, a technique in which a heating amount per unit time is set to be larger than that in the separation step is adopted.

Further, in the dry distillation cracking apparatus according to the present invention, a raw material comprising a petroleum compound is thermally decomposed in a substantially closed cylindrical main body to separate into a solid component and a gas component. In the, comprises a transfer mechanism for transferring the raw material charged to the previous stage in the cylindrical body from the previous stage to the subsequent stage, and a heating mechanism for heating the cylindrical body and thermally decomposing the raw material, The heating mechanism includes a heating unit that heats the raw material to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed at a preceding stage in the tubular main body, and a gas until the gas component is almost completely separated from the solid component at a subsequent stage in the tubular main body. A separating means for keeping the temperature at a temperature at which the components can be separated, wherein a technique is employed in which the heating means has a larger heating amount per unit time than the separating means.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
When the temperature of the raw material is increased, the amount of heating per unit time is set to be larger than when the gas component is separated, so that the raw material can reach the decomposition temperature in a short time.

[0009] In the carbonization cracking method according to claim 2, in the carbonization cracking method according to claim 1, the heating step includes
A technique is adopted in which high-temperature oil heated to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed or higher is circulated around the former stage of the substantially enclosed space.

[0010] In the dry distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature raising means may be at a temperature higher than a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed on a peripheral wall in a preceding stage of the tubular main body. A technology having a high-temperature oil flow path for flowing the high-temperature oil heated to a high temperature is adopted.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
Since high-temperature oil heated to a temperature above the decomposable temperature is allowed to flow around the portion where the temperature is raised to the decomposition temperature of the raw material,
Since the high-temperature oil has a high thermal conductivity, the raw material can reach the decomposition temperature in a short time.

[0012] In the carbonization cracking method according to the third aspect, in the carbonization cracking method according to the first aspect, the temperature-raising step includes:
A technique is employed in which heating is performed while adjusting the amount of heating according to the components and amounts of the raw materials by an electric heater disposed around the former stage of the substantially enclosed space.

[0013] In the dry distillation apparatus according to the ninth aspect, in the dry distillation apparatus according to the seventh aspect, the temperature raising means may be provided on a peripheral wall at a preceding stage of the cylindrical main body in accordance with a component and an amount of the raw material. A technology having an electric heater whose heating amount can be adjusted by using an electric heater is adopted.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
Heating is performed by adjusting the amount of heating according to the components and amount of the raw material using an electric heater arranged around the part where the temperature rises to the decomposition temperature of the raw material, so efficient and fine temperature control can be performed The raw material can reach the decomposition temperature in a short time with a necessary and sufficient heating amount.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the dry distillation method according to any one of the first to third aspects, the separation step includes a step of separating the gas component around a rear stage of the substantially closed space. A technique of flowing a heated gas heated to a temperature higher than a possible temperature is adopted.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the dry distillation apparatus according to any one of the seventh to ninth aspects, the separation means includes a gas component on a rear peripheral wall of the tubular main body. A technology having a gas flow path through which a heated gas heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the releasable temperature is allowed to flow is adopted.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
Since a heating gas heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the gas component can be separated flows around the portion where the gas component is separated, a heating medium different from the portion performing the decomposition reaction, that is, a heating gas having a low thermal conductivity, is used. An appropriate heat-retaining state (including a state where the temperature rises slowly) can be maintained, and a runaway reaction is prevented. Therefore, since the portion for separating the gas component does not require a large amount of heat as compared with the portion for raising the temperature to the decomposition temperature, the residence time for the separation is determined by separately using two different types of heat medium. In this case, the amount of unnecessary heating can be reduced.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dry distillation method according to the fourth aspect, wherein the gas component separated in the separation step is reheated to decompose and remove a chlorine component contained in the gas component. And the separation step employs a technique in which the gas component after the high-temperature treatment step is converted into the heating gas.

[0019] In the dry distillation apparatus according to the eleventh aspect, in the dry distillation apparatus according to the tenth aspect, the gas component separated by the heating means is reheated to decompose and remove the chlorine component contained therein. A processing means is provided, and the separation means adopts a technique in which the gas component reheated by the high-temperature processing means is converted into the heating gas and passed through the gas flow path.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
Since the gas component after the high-temperature treatment is used as the heating gas, the gas component separated and heated to a high temperature can be reused as a heat medium for separation, and there is no need to separately install a heating gas supply source. Makes it possible to distribute the heating gas.

In the carbonization cracking method according to a sixth aspect, in the carbonization cracking method according to the fourth aspect, the high-temperature oil used in the temperature raising step or the gas component separated in the separation step is supplied into a heating furnace. Equipped with a step of heating with combustion gas,
The separation step employs a technique in which the combustion gas of the heating furnace is changed to the heating gas.

In the carbonization cracking apparatus according to the twelfth aspect, in the carbonization cracking apparatus according to the tenth aspect, the high-temperature oil used in the temperature raising means or the gas component separated by the separation means may be used as a combustion gas. Equipped with a heating furnace for heating with
The separation unit employs a technique in which the combustion gas of the heating furnace is converted into the heating gas and circulated through the gas passage.

In these dry distillation cracking methods and apparatuses,
Since the combustion gas of the heating furnace is used as the heating gas, the high-temperature combustion gas can be reused as a heat medium for separation, and there is no need to separately provide a heating gas supply source. It is possible to do.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of a carbonization cracking method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a dry distillation decomposition apparatus, 2 denotes a cylindrical main body, 3 denotes a transfer mechanism, and 4 denotes a heating mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 1, the dry distillation cracking apparatus 1 of the present embodiment employs a kiln type in which a raw material R composed of petroleum compounds such as waste tires, waste plastics and vinyl chloride products is transferred in a substantially closed space. The raw material R is separated into gaseous components and solid components by thermal decomposition and recovered.

The dry distillation cracking apparatus 1 includes a cylindrical body 2 having a substantially closed interior, and a heating zone A, which is a front stage in the cylindrical body 2.
A transfer mechanism 3 for transferring the raw material R supplied from the charging port 2a to the separation area B at the subsequent stage from the heating area A, and a heating mechanism 4 for heating the inside of the cylindrical main body 2 to thermally decompose the raw material R. It has. The heating mechanism 4 includes a heating means 5 for heating the raw material R to a temperature at which the raw material R can be decomposed (about 320 ° C. in this embodiment) in the heating area A, and a gas component almost completely from the solid component in the separation area B. Separation means 6 is provided which keeps the temperature (including a state where the temperature rises slowly) at a temperature at which the gas component can be separated (in the present embodiment, about 320 ° C.) until separation.

The transfer mechanism 3 includes a screw conveyor 7 rotatably supported along the axis of the cylindrical main body 2 and one end of the screw conveyor 7 protruding from the front end of the cylindrical main body 2. And a drive motor 8 to which a shaft is connected. That is, when the screw conveyor 7 is rotationally driven by the drive motor 8, the raw material R charged into the temperature raising area A is gradually transferred to the separation area B by the rotation of the screw conveyor 7.

The cylindrical main body 2 has a gas component outlet 2b for collecting separated gas components and a solid component discharging port for collecting separated solid components at an upper portion and a lower portion at the rear end of the separation region B. Outlets 2c are respectively provided,
A gas component discharge line 9 and a solid component discharge line 10, which are discharge pipes, are connected to the gas component discharge port 2b and the solid component discharge port 2c.

The heating means 5 includes a hot oil heated to a temperature above the temperature at which the raw material R can be decomposed (about 380 ° C. in this embodiment) on a peripheral wall located around the heating area A of the cylindrical main body 1. An oil jacket (high-temperature oil passage) 11 through which (high-temperature oil) H can flow is provided.

The oil jacket 11 is connected to an oil supply line 12 which is a supply line for hot oil H and an oil discharge line 13 which is a discharge line. The oil supply line 12 and the oil discharge line 13 are connected to each other. , Hot oil H is circulated. Also,
An oil heating furnace 15 for heating hot oil H is installed in the middle of the oil supply line 12, and the hot oil H flowing through the oil supply line 12 is subjected to combustion gas (heating gas) in the oil heating furnace 15. ) Heated to a predetermined temperature (about 380 degrees) by G.

The separating means 6 is provided on a peripheral wall located around the separation area B of the cylindrical main body 1 with a gas capable of flowing a combustion gas (heated gas) G heated to a temperature higher than a temperature at which a gas component can be separated. A jacket (gas flow path) 16 is provided.
The gas jacket 16 is connected to a gas supply line 17 which is a supply line of the combustion gas G and a gas discharge line 18 which is a discharge line.

A heating furnace 19 for high-temperature treatment for reheating the gas component is installed in the gas component discharge line 9, and the gas component flowing through the gas component discharge line 9 is:
High temperature processing is performed by the combustion gas G at a temperature at which the chlorine component can be decomposed in the high temperature processing heating furnace 19. The gas component discharge line 9 is connected to a cooling device 20 on the downstream side of the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19. That is, if the gas component is released to the atmosphere in the high temperature state after the high temperature treatment, dioxin or the like may be generated.
Inside, the gas component is rapidly cooled to 300 ° C. or less by water cooling or the like.

The heating furnace 15 for oil and the heating furnace 19 for high-temperature treatment are connected to combustion gas discharge lines 15a and 19a, respectively, which are discharge pipes of the used combustion gas G. 15a, 19a
Are connected to a gas supply line 17. That is,
The combustion gas G used in the oil heating furnace 15 and the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19 is sent to the gas supply line 17 by combustion gas discharge lines 15a and 19a, respectively.
The gas is supplied into the gas jacket 16.

Next, a method of separating the raw material R into a solid component and a gas component in the dry distillation cracking apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

[Temperature Raising Step] First, the raw material R is charged into the temperature raising area A in the cylindrical main body 2 from the charging port 2a. The charged raw material R is gradually separated by a screw conveyor 7 into a separation area B.
Transferred to the side. At this time, the oil jacket 11
Using hot oil H in a high temperature flowing through the inside as a heat medium,
As shown in FIG. 2, the raw material R is heated to about 320 ° C. at the rear end of the heating area A, and about 15 minutes to 30 minutes after being charged.
The temperature reaches a temperature at which the gas component and the solid component can be decomposed in a short time of about one minute.

[Separation Step] When the raw material R which has reached the decomposition temperature of the gas component and the solid component is transferred from the temperature raising region A to the separation region B by the screw conveyor 7, the combustion R flowing through the gas jacket 16 The gas G is gradually transferred to the rear end while keeping the temperature at about 320 ° C., which is the final temperature of the temperature rising area A, using the gas G as a heat medium.

At this time, the solid components are agitated by the screw conveyor 7 and the gas components are separated upward from the solid components by the above-mentioned heat retaining effect. In order to completely separate the gas component from the solid component, it is necessary to provide a sufficient residence time at a high temperature.
To the rear end over a residence time and is completely separated from the gaseous components.

When hot oil H is used as the heat medium in the separation region B, as in the temperature rising region A, the temperature rises rapidly and a runaway reaction occurs as shown by the dotted line in FIG. Although there is a possibility that the combustion gas G, which is another heat medium having low thermal conductivity, is used in the separation region B in the present embodiment, the temperature rise is very gentle as shown by the solid line in FIG. , And can be kept at a substantially constant temperature.

The combustion gas G used as a heat medium in the separation region B is obtained by converting the combustion gas G used in the oil heating furnace 15 and the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19 into a gas jacket 16.
After flowing through the oil jacket 11 to heat the inside of the tubular main body 2, it is discharged to the gas discharge line 18.

[Recovery Step] The solid component from which the gaseous component has been completely separated at the rear end of the separation area B is supplied to the solid component outlet 2c.
From the waste through the solid component discharge line 10 and utilized as a resource. On the other hand, the separated gas component is taken out from the gas component discharge port 2b through the gas component discharge line 9 and is subjected to high temperature treatment in the high-temperature treatment heating furnace 19 to decompose and remove harmful chlorine components, and further to a cooling device. 2
At 0, it is released to the atmosphere in a quenched state.

As described above, in the dry distillation cracking apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, when the temperature of the raw material R is increased, the amount of heating per unit time is increased as compared with the case where the gas component is separated. The hot oil H heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the raw material R can be decomposed is circulated around the portion where the raw oil R reaches the decomposition temperature, so that the hot oil H has a high thermal conductivity, The raw material R can reach the decomposition temperature.

Further, since the combustion gas G heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the gas component can be separated flows around the portion where the gas component is separated (separation region B), the temperature is raised to the decomposition temperature. An appropriate heat retaining state can be maintained by another heat medium, that is, a heating gas having low thermal conductivity, and a runaway reaction is prevented. Therefore, since the separation area B does not require a large amount of heat as compared with the temperature raising area A, the residence time for separation can be increased by separately using two different heat media (hot oil H and combustion gas G). In this case, the amount of waste heat can be reduced.

Further, since the combustion gas G of the oil heating furnace 15 and the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19 is used as the heating medium in the separation region B, the used combustion gas G can be reused for separating gas components, and can be used separately. There is no need to provide a heating medium supply source for the heating medium, and the gas heating medium can be circulated in the gas jacket 16 with a simple configuration.

Next, a second embodiment of the dry distillation method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that in the first embodiment, the temperature raising means 5 has an oil jacket 11 for flowing hot oil H as a heat medium, In the dry distillation cracker 21 of the second embodiment,
As shown in FIG. 3, an electric heater 23 capable of adjusting a heating amount in accordance with a component and an amount of a raw material R is provided on a peripheral wall of a heating area A of the cylindrical main body 2 and a current is supplied to the electric heater 23. And a power supply 24 for supplying and controlling the power supply.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the heating is performed by adjusting the heating amount according to the component and the amount of the raw material R by the electric heater 23 disposed around the portion where the raw material R reaches the decomposition temperature. Thus, the temperature required for decomposition of the charged raw material R can be reliably reached. Therefore,
While it is difficult to perform fine temperature control with hot oil, in the present embodiment, the electric heater 23 can perform efficient and fine temperature control, and the raw material can be decomposed in a short time with a necessary and sufficient heating amount. Temperature can be reached.

In the first embodiment, the separating means 6 is provided with a gas jacket 16 through which the combustion gas G flows as a heat medium, whereas in the second embodiment, the separating means 25 is provided with a heating means for high-temperature processing. A gas jacket 26 is provided for passing a high-temperature gas component that has been subjected to high-temperature processing in the furnace 19 as a heat medium.

That is, the gas component discharge line 9 is connected to the gas supply line 17 on the downstream side of the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19 and is introduced into the gas jacket 26. Further, the gas component which flows through the gas jacket 26 and heats and maintains the separation area B is supplied to the gas discharge line 18.
From the cooling device 20 and
After being quenched to 0 ° C. or less, it is released to the atmosphere.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the gas component after the high-temperature treatment is used as the heating gas for the heating medium in the separation region B, so that the separated gas component can be reused and the heating gas for the heating medium is separately supplied. There is no need to install a source, and the separation region B can be kept warm with a simple configuration.

The present invention also includes the following embodiments. (1) In each of the above embodiments, the combustion gas G from the heating furnace or the gas component after the high-temperature treatment is used as the heating medium in the separation region B, but a heating gas from a separate supply source may be used. . However, in this case, as described above, since it is necessary to separately install a supply source equipment for the heating gas, it is more expensive to reuse the combustion gas G and the gas component as in the above embodiments. Operating costs can be reduced.

(2) In the first embodiment, the combustion gas G from both the oil heating furnace 15 and the high-temperature processing heating furnace 19 is employed as the heating medium for the separation region B. May be used alone.

(3) A combination of the temperature raising means 5 of the first embodiment and the separation means 25 of the second embodiment, the separation means 6 of the first embodiment and the temperature raising means 22 of the second embodiment, (In this case, only the combustion gas G sent to the gas jacket is from the heating furnace for high-temperature treatment) may be adopted as the decomposition device.

(4) In the first embodiment, the heating furnace 15 for oil and the heating furnace 19 for high-temperature treatment are separately installed.
One heating furnace may be used for both hot oil heating and gas component high temperature treatment. in this case,
Equipment costs can be reduced by using a single heating furnace. When the combustion gas is not used as the heat medium in the separation region, the heating of the hot oil and the high-temperature treatment of the gas components may be performed by other heating means (such as an electric heater) other than the heating furnace.

[0054]

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) In the carbonization cracking method according to the first aspect and the carbonization cracking apparatus according to the seventh aspect, when the temperature of the raw material is increased, the amount of heating per unit time is higher than when the gas component is separated. Since it is set to be large, the raw material can reach the decomposition temperature in a short time, and the overall processing time can be shortened.

(2) In the dry distillation method according to the second aspect and the dry distillation apparatus according to the eighth aspect, the raw material is heated to a temperature higher than the decomposable temperature around the portion where the temperature is raised to the decomposition temperature of the raw material. Since the high-temperature oil is circulated, the raw material can reach the decomposition temperature in a short time because the high-temperature oil has a high thermal conductivity, and the entire processing time and the overall length of the apparatus can be shortened.

(3) In the dry distillation method according to the third aspect and the dry distillation apparatus according to the ninth aspect, the components of the raw material are controlled by an electric heater disposed around a portion for raising the temperature to the decomposition temperature of the raw material. Heating is performed while adjusting the heating amount according to the amount and amount, so that efficient and fine temperature control can be performed, and the raw material reaches the decomposition temperature in a short time with the necessary and sufficient heating amount for the input raw material Can be done.
Therefore, not only the entire processing time and the overall length of the apparatus can be reduced, but also the operating cost can be reduced.

(4) In the dry distillation method according to the fourth aspect and the dry distillation apparatus according to the tenth aspect, the heating is performed at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the gas component can be separated around the portion where the gas component is separated. Since the gas is circulated, a stable and appropriate heat retaining state can be maintained by two kinds of heat mediums having different thermal conductivities, a runaway reaction can be prevented, and a gas separation rate from a solid component can be increased. Therefore, efficient operation can be achieved by reducing the amount of unnecessary heating in the separation process.

(5) In the dry distillation method according to the fifth aspect and the dry distillation apparatus according to the eleventh aspect, since the gas component after the high temperature treatment is used as the heating gas, the gas component is converted into a heat medium for gas separation. And a separate heating gas supply source can be dispensed with, and equipment and operating costs can be reduced.

(6) In the dry distillation method according to the sixth aspect and the dry distillation apparatus according to the twelfth aspect, since the combustion gas in the heating furnace is the heating gas, the used combustion gas is separated for gas separation. It can be reused as a heat medium, and a separate heating gas supply source can be dispensed with, so that equipment costs and operating costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a dry distillation apparatus showing a first embodiment of a dry distillation method and apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a temperature distribution in a cylindrical main body in the first embodiment of the dry distillation method and apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a dry distillation apparatus showing a second embodiment of a dry distillation method and apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a temperature distribution in a cylindrical main body when a heating amount by an electric heater is changed in a second embodiment of the dry distillation method and apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 21 Dry distillation type decomposition apparatus 2 Cylindrical main body 3 Transfer mechanism 4 Heating mechanism 5, 22 Heating means 6, 25 Separation means 7 Screw conveyor 8 Drive motor 11 Oil jacket (high-temperature oil flow path) 15 Oil heating furnace 16 , 26 Gas jacket (gas flow path) 19 Heating furnace for high-temperature processing (high-temperature processing means) 23 Electric heater A Heating area (previous to substantially enclosed space) B Separation area (subsequent to substantially enclosed space) G Combustion gas (heating) Gas) H Hot oil (High temperature oil) R Raw material

Claims (12)

[Claims] In a dry distillation cracking method in which a raw material (R) composed of a petroleum compound is thermally decomposed in a substantially closed space to separate it into a solid component and a gas component, the raw material (R) is introduced into the former stage (A) of the substantially closed space. A transfer step of transferring the raw material while pulverizing the raw material from the former stage to the latter stage (B); and a heating step of heating the substantially enclosed space to thermally decompose the raw material during the transfer step. A heating step in which the raw material is heated to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed at a stage preceding the substantially enclosed space; and a gas component can be separated at a stage subsequent to the substantially enclosed space until the gas component is almost completely separated from the solid component. A separation step of keeping the temperature at a suitable temperature, wherein the heating step sets a larger amount of heating per unit time than the separation step. 2. The dry distillation method according to claim 1, wherein in the heating step, high-temperature oil (H) heated to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed or higher is distributed around a front stage of the substantially enclosed space. A carbonization-type decomposition method characterized in that: 3. The dry distillation method according to claim 1, wherein in the heating step, an electric heater (23) arranged around a front stage of the substantially enclosed space heats the heat according to the component and amount of the raw material. A carbonization-type decomposition method characterized by heating while adjusting the temperature. 4. The dry distillation method according to claim 1, wherein the separation step comprises heating the gas component around a rear stage (B) of the substantially enclosed space to a temperature at which the gas component can be separated. A dry distillation cracking method characterized by flowing a heated gas (G). 5. The dry distillation method according to claim 4, further comprising a high-temperature treatment step of reheating the gas component separated in the separation step to decompose and remove a chlorine component contained therein. A dry distillation decomposition method, wherein the gas component after the high-temperature treatment step is used as the heating gas. 6. The dry distillation method according to claim 4, wherein the high-temperature oil (H) used in the heating step or the gas component separated in the separation step is subjected to combustion gas (G) in a heating furnace. Wherein the separation step comprises using the combustion gas of the heating furnace as the heating gas. 7. A dry distillation cracker (1) for thermally decomposing a raw material (R) made of a petroleum compound in a substantially closed cylindrical body (2) to separate it into a solid component and a gas component. A transfer mechanism (3) for transferring the raw material supplied to the former stage (A) in the tubular main body from the former stage to the latter stage (B); and heating the inside of the cylindrical main body to thermally decompose the raw material. A heating mechanism (5) for heating the raw material to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed at a preceding stage in the tubular main body; and a gas at a subsequent stage in the tubular main body. Separating means (6) for keeping the temperature of the gas component at a temperature at which the gas component can be separated until the component is substantially completely separated from the solid component, wherein the heating means has a heating amount per unit time compared to the separating means. A dry distillation cracker characterized by being set large. 8. The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the heating means distributes high-temperature oil (H) heated to a temperature at which the raw material can be decomposed or more to a peripheral wall in a preceding stage of the tubular main body. A dry distillation cracking device comprising a high-temperature oil flow path (11) for causing a cracking. 9. The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the temperature raising means comprises an electric heater (23) having a heating amount adjustable on a peripheral wall at a preceding stage of the cylindrical main body in accordance with a component and an amount of the raw material. ). 10. The dry distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the separation means heats the peripheral wall of a rear stage (B) of the tubular main body to a temperature higher than a temperature at which the gas component can be separated. A dry distillation cracking device comprising a gas flow path (16, 26) for flowing the heated gas (G). 11. The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a high-temperature processing unit (19) for reheating the gas component separated by the heating unit to decompose and remove a chlorine component contained therein, and the separation unit. Wherein the gas component reheated by the high-temperature processing means is converted into the heating gas and passed through the gas flow path (26). 12. The dry distillation cracking apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the high-temperature oil (H) used in the temperature raising means (5) or the gas component separated by the separation means (6) is subjected to combustion gas (G). ), Wherein the separating means converts the combustion gas of the heating furnace into the heating gas and circulates the gas through the gas flow path (16). .