JP2000188411A - Solar cell module - Google Patents
Solar cell moduleInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000188411A JP2000188411A JP10376319A JP37631998A JP2000188411A JP 2000188411 A JP2000188411 A JP 2000188411A JP 10376319 A JP10376319 A JP 10376319A JP 37631998 A JP37631998 A JP 37631998A JP 2000188411 A JP2000188411 A JP 2000188411A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- solar cell
- convex
- substrate
- cell module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は太陽電池モジュ−ルに関
し、特に設備コストが低廉で、光の反射防止並びに着色
による透過率を少なくし、長期間モジュ−ルの発電性能
を安定的に維持できる太陽電池モジュ−ルに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell module, and more particularly to a solar cell module which has a low equipment cost, prevents light reflection and reduces the transmittance due to coloring, and stably maintains the power generation performance of the module for a long time. The present invention relates to a solar cell module that can be used.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、太陽電池モジュ−ルは地球環境保
全の立場からも排気ガス、放射線等の公害を発生するこ
とのないクリ−ンなエネルギ−源として注目されてい
る。これらの太陽電池モジュ−ルでは、使用素材が環境
保全上殆ど影響がない、エネルギ−変換率が高い、発電
特性が安定している等の為、シリコン太陽電池が一般的
に使用されている。このようなシリコン太陽電池として
は、例えば単結晶シリコン基板の表面にｎ型の拡散層を
形成し、電極を形成した後、反射防止膜を形成すること
によって得られる単結晶シリコン太陽電池がよく知られ
ている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, solar cell modules have been attracting attention as a clean energy source that does not generate pollution such as exhaust gas and radiation from the standpoint of global environmental protection. In these solar cell modules, silicon solar cells are generally used because the materials used have little effect on environmental protection, the energy conversion rate is high, and the power generation characteristics are stable. As such a silicon solar cell, for example, a single-crystal silicon solar cell obtained by forming an n-type diffusion layer on the surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate, forming an electrode, and then forming an antireflection film is well known. Have been.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の単結晶シリコン
太陽電池においては、単結晶シリコン基板を用いるとコ
ストが高くなる難点がある。この為、単結晶シリコン基
板に代えて低コストの異種基板を用い、その上に例えば
Ｓｉの薄膜を成膜する等の提案がなされている。しか
し、上記Ｓｉを必要な厚さまで成膜すると、基板と熱膨
張係数が大きく異なるため基板にそりを生じて歩留りが
劣り、さらに電気特性が悪くなる。このように該基板に
代えた種々の提案がなされているが、製作上構造が複雑
化のほか、いずれにしても単結晶シリコン太陽電池に比
しエネルギ−変換率の低下を免れない欠点があり、設備
費及び製造コスト低減と併せ、その改良が強く望まれて
いる。In the above-mentioned single-crystal silicon solar cell, the use of a single-crystal silicon substrate has a disadvantage that the cost is increased. For this reason, it has been proposed to use a low-cost heterogeneous substrate instead of a single-crystal silicon substrate and form a thin film of, for example, Si thereon. However, when the above-mentioned Si is formed to a required thickness, the substrate has a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient, so that the substrate is warped and the yield is inferior, and the electric characteristics are further deteriorated. Although various proposals have been made in place of the substrate as described above, there are drawbacks in that the structure is complicated in manufacturing and, in any case, the energy conversion rate is inevitably lower than that of the single crystal silicon solar cell. There is a strong demand for improvements in addition to reductions in equipment costs and manufacturing costs.
【０００４】また、太陽電池モジュ−ルは建物の屋上の
屋根等の屋外に設置されるが、近年乱反射による光公害
の防止抑制、或いはその対応での光透過率の逓減が問題
点となっている。さらに屋外暴露のため使用中に雨水の
滞留や塵埃等が堆積し易い点が難点となっており、特に
最表面被覆材に樹脂フィルム等を使用した太陽電池モジ
ュ−ルでは使用中に表面に付着、堆積したした汚れはあ
る程度除去されるが、自然条件による汚れの落ちる程度
もガラスに比べても劣り、雨、雪、風等の自然環境によ
り雨水の滞留や汚れが付着又は堆積し易いという難点が
あり、表面被覆材の透明度が低下し光起電力素子に到達
する入射光は低下し、光起電力の低下が起こる難点があ
った。[0004] In addition, solar cell modules are installed outdoors such as on the roof of a building. In recent years, however, prevention and suppression of light pollution due to irregular reflection, or a gradual decrease in light transmittance in response thereto have become problems. I have. Another drawback is that rainwater stays and dust easily accumulates during use due to outdoor exposure, especially on solar cell modules that use a resin film or the like as the outermost coating material. The accumulated dirt is removed to some extent, but the degree of dirt falling due to natural conditions is also inferior to glass, and it is difficult for rainwater to accumulate or accumulate dirt due to the natural environment such as rain, snow, wind, etc. There is a problem that the transparency of the surface coating material is reduced, the incident light reaching the photovoltaic element is reduced, and the photovoltaic power is reduced.
【０００５】上記最表面被覆材として、樹脂フィルムを
用いるとき、その表面は平滑であるため、その平滑な表
面に平行に近い角度で入射する光は臨界角を越えると全
反射され、太陽電池の光起電力素子にまで光が入光しな
くなる為、十分な起電力を発生することは出来なくな
る。また、屋根の屋上や壁面等に設置するような場合、
太陽電池モジュ−ルは角度によっては、反射光が他の住
宅等にも届くため人々が眩しく不快に感じるといった問
題も発生することがある。さらに長期間の屋外暴露によ
り被覆材の熱膨張や熱収縮の反復により表面に皺が発生
することがあり、外観視認上も美感が損なわれる。When a resin film is used as the outermost surface coating material, the surface is smooth, so that light incident on the smooth surface at an angle close to parallel is totally reflected when the angle exceeds the critical angle, and the solar cell is used. Since light does not enter the photovoltaic element, sufficient electromotive force cannot be generated. Also, when installing on the rooftop or wall of a roof,
Depending on the angle of the solar cell module, the reflected light reaches other houses or the like, so that there may be a problem that people feel dazzling and uncomfortable. In addition, wrinkles may occur on the surface due to repeated thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage of the coating material due to long-term outdoor exposure, which impairs the aesthetic appearance.
【０００６】このような欠点を解決する為、例えば、特
開平９−１９１１１５号公報には、光起電力素子の光入
射側表面が透明有機高分子樹脂層とそれに接してその外
側の最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の２層以上の被
覆材により被覆された太陽電池モジュ−ルにおいて、被
覆材の表面に複数の凹凸が形成され該凹凸のピッチ、高
さや、溝の長さ、線径についての開示がなされている。
また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公報には、研削面に断
面が略Ｖ字状またはＵ字状の刃を揺するホイ−ル状のマ
チ刃砥石によって受光面に略Ｖ字状又はＵ字状の凹凸溝
を形成した基板を備えてなる太陽電池が開示されてい
る。さらに特開平９−１０２６２５号公報には、半導体
基板をドライエッチング装置内に搬入し、該装置内にマ
スク形成用ガスとエッチングガスを同時に導入して微小
な凹凸部を形成する太陽電池素子の製造方法の提案があ
る。In order to solve such a drawback, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115 discloses that the light incident side surface of a photovoltaic element is in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer and the outermost surface thereof. In a solar cell module covered with two or more transparent surface protective film layers, a plurality of irregularities are formed on the surface of the covering material, and the pitch, height, groove length, and wire diameter of the irregularities are formed. Has been disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603 discloses that a light-receiving surface is formed in a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped by means of a wheel-shaped gusset blade that swings a blade having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross section on a ground surface. A solar cell including a substrate having an uneven groove is disclosed. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-102625 discloses a method of manufacturing a solar cell element in which a semiconductor substrate is carried into a dry etching apparatus, and a gas for forming a mask and an etching gas are simultaneously introduced into the apparatus to form minute uneven portions. There is a method suggestion.
【０００７】しかし、上記特開平９−１９１１１５号公
報では、光起電力素子の光入射表面が、透明有機高分子
樹脂層とそれに接してその外側の最表面に透明な表面保
護フィルムの２層以上の被覆材に被覆した構成であり、
表面直接反射光が少なく、しわが入りにくく、汚れが落
ち易い等であるが、光起電力素子の光入射側に繊維状無
機化合物を含浸した透明有機高分子樹脂層と、それに接
して外側最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の少なくと
も２層以上の被覆材の為、構成も複雑で材料及び製造コ
スト高につながる。また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公
報では、基板の光反射率低減のための溝加工を多数の刃
を有する幅の広いマルチ刃砥石を使用した加工であり、
基板を研削するための工作機械を必要とし、規則的な溝
を形成する加工、並びに量産性が確保されなければコス
ト高は避けられない難点がある。さらに、特開平９−１
０２６２５号公報では、製造工程を簡略化し、半導体の
全面を均一にエッチングできるとしても、製造装置コス
トが高く、使用ガスの流量管理等を必要とする。However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115, the light incident surface of the photovoltaic element has two or more transparent organic polymer resin layers and a transparent surface protective film on the outermost surface in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer. It is a configuration covered with a coating material of
The surface direct reflection light is small, wrinkles are not easily formed, and dirt is easy to remove.However, a transparent organic polymer resin layer impregnated with a fibrous inorganic compound is Since the coating material has at least two or more surface protective film layers transparent on the surface, the structure is complicated and the material and the production cost are increased. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603, groove processing for reducing the light reflectance of a substrate is performed using a wide multi-blade grindstone having a large number of blades.
A machine tool for grinding a substrate is required, and there is a disadvantage that high cost cannot be avoided unless processing for forming regular grooves and mass productivity are secured. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-1
In Japanese Patent No. 02625, even if the manufacturing process is simplified and the entire surface of the semiconductor can be uniformly etched, the cost of the manufacturing apparatus is high and the flow rate of the gas used needs to be controlled.
【０００８】上記の問題点を解決する為、出願人は、平
成９年特許願第２６４８２２号において、透明フロ−ト
ガラスの表面にセラミックス・インキを用いてスクリ−
ン印刷法により凹凸膨隆部が形成され、該凹凸の相互間
の凹凸ピッチ及び凹凸の高さを所望設定の略均整かつ規
則的に形成せしめた透光性基板と、該基板と接した裏面
に光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電性基体と、
さらに背面には裏面被覆材からなる絶縁保護層とから形
成された太陽電池モジュ−ルを提案している。[0008] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the applicant has disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 264822/1997 a screen using ceramic ink on the surface of transparent float glass.
An uneven bulging portion is formed by an imprinting method, and a light-transmitting substrate in which the uneven pitch and the height of the unevenness between the unevenness are formed substantially uniformly and regularly at a desired setting, and on the back surface in contact with the substrate. A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element,
Further, a solar cell module formed on the back surface with an insulating protective layer made of a back cover material has been proposed.
【０００９】しかしながら、上記提案の太陽電池モジュ
−ルについて検討の結果、さらに乱反射による光の反射
公害が発生する点を防止することが望ましい点、ならび
に着色による光透過率の低下をできるだけ少なくする
点、並びに建築物の外観の美化および色彩によるデザイ
ン化、装飾効果、さらに風雨に曝され埃等が堆積が少な
い太陽電池モジュ−ルの構成の如き改善が望まれること
に着目した。However, as a result of a study on the solar cell module proposed above, it is desirable to prevent the occurrence of light reflection pollution due to irregular reflection, and to minimize the decrease in light transmittance due to coloring. In addition, attention has been paid to the need for improvements such as the improvement of the appearance of buildings and the design and decoration effects by colors, and the structure of solar cell modules that are exposed to the wind and rain and have less accumulation of dust and the like.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題点を
解決するために鋭意検討の結果なされたものである。 （１）透光性基板は、透明フロ−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−
製法による透明硝子板の表面に、セラミックス・インキ
を用いてスクリ−ン印刷法により凸状膨隆部が形成さ
れ、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸ピッチ及び凸部の高さを
所望設定の略均整、かつ規則的に形成せしめた構成より
なる。また、凸状膨隆部はスクリ−ン印刷法により、ス
トライプ、チェック、ドット形状または図柄、模様状の
色彩との組み合わせからなる外観上のデザイン、或いは
美化と併せ、雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くす
る為の誘導刻溝が形成され、かつ凸状膨隆部は複数の凸
状膨隆部を有し、少なくとも凸状膨隆部相互間のピッチ
が５０μｍ〜５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さが
１０μｍ〜１００μｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍ
からなる所望設定の範囲に形成せしめた構成よりなる。 （２）本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部の少なくとも頂
点中心垂直線のいずれか一方の片側周面に着色セラミッ
クス・インキを用いて表面彩色層が層着され、他方の片
側周面の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成よりな
る。 （３）上記透光性基板と接した面には、電流を効率よく
集電するため光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電
性基体が形成されている。 （４）さらに、背面には、光起電力素子の導電性基板と
外部との電気的絶縁を保つ為、十分な電気絶縁性を確保
でき、しかも長期耐久性に優れ、熱膨張或いは熱収縮に
耐え得る絶縁保護層からなる裏面被覆材を設けた構成と
したものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems. (1) The translucent substrate is made by a transparent float process or a roller.
A convex bulge is formed on the surface of the transparent glass plate by a screen printing method using ceramics ink, and the convex pitch and the height of the convex between the convex bulges are set to desired values. It has a substantially uniform and regularly formed configuration. In addition, the convex bulges are formed by a screen printing method to guide the flow of rainwater, dust, etc., in combination with the appearance design consisting of a combination of stripes, checks, dot shapes or patterns and patterns, or beautification. A guide groove for facilitating removal is formed, and the convex bulge has a plurality of convex bulges, at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 50 μm to 5000 μm and a height of the convex. Is 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm
Is formed in a desired setting range. (2) In the present invention, a surface coloring layer is formed on at least one peripheral surface of at least one vertex center vertical line of the convex bulging portion using a colored ceramic ink, and the other one peripheral surface is exposed. It has a configuration in which light transmittance is left. (3) A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate in order to efficiently collect current. (4) Further, on the back surface, sufficient electrical insulation can be ensured to maintain electrical insulation between the conductive substrate of the photovoltaic element and the outside, and furthermore, it has excellent long-term durability and is resistant to thermal expansion or thermal contraction. This is a configuration in which a back surface covering material made of a durable insulating protective layer is provided.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルは、
上述した構成を基本とし、以下に述べるような構成態様
を包含しており、それによって顕著な作用を奏するもの
である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The solar cell module of the present invention comprises:
Based on the above-described configuration, the present invention includes the following configuration modes, and thereby has a remarkable effect.
【００１２】本発明に使用する透光性基板は、透明フロ
−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−製法よりなる少なくとも透光性
を有する透明或いは半透明硝子からなる光を透過する板
状体であり、無色透明、或いは必要により有色透明ガラ
ス板や合成樹脂板等を用いることができる。また、光透
過性に優れると共に、飛砂や降雹等に耐える硬度と風圧
に対する強度が必要で、３〜４ｍｍの厚さが適当であ
る。The light-transmitting substrate used in the present invention is a plate made of a transparent or translucent glass having at least a light-transmitting property, which is formed by a transparent float method or a roller method, and is transparent. A colorless and transparent, or a colored and transparent glass plate, a synthetic resin plate or the like can be used if necessary. Further, it is required to have excellent light transmittance, hardness to withstand flying sand and hail, and strength against wind pressure, and a thickness of 3 to 4 mm is appropriate.
【００１３】上記透光性基板の光入射面側の表面には、
セラミックス・インキを用い、スクリ−ン印刷法により
凸状膨隆部が形成されるが、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸
部ピッチ及び凸部の高さを所望設定の略均整、かつ規則
的に形成せしめた構成となっている。また該凸状膨隆部
はスクリ−ン印刷法により、ストライプ、チェック或い
はドット形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれか
によりに形成される。該透光性基板には、複数の凹凸膨
隆部を有し、少なくとも凸部膨隆部相互間のピッチが５
０μｍ〜５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さ１０〜
１００μｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍからなる所
望設定の範囲に形成せしめるが、上記範囲の条件を満た
すスクリ−ンのメッシュ及びストライプ、チェック、ド
ットのいずれかの形状の選択並びに組み合わせにより、
たとえば通常３００メッシュ以下、適宜には８０〜２０
０メッシュのスクリ−ンを使用することにより、所望の
設定範囲に合致する凸状膨隆部を形成せしめることがで
きる。[0013] On the light incident surface side surface of the translucent substrate,
The convex ridges are formed by a screen printing method using a ceramic ink, and the pitch between the convex ridges and the height of the convex portions between the convex ridges are substantially equalized and regularly set as desired. It is configured to be formed as follows. The convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method in a stripe, check or dot shape or any one selected from designs and patterns. The translucent substrate has a plurality of uneven bulges, and at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 5.
0 μm to 5000 μm, and the height of the projection is 10 to 10 μm.
It is formed in a desired range of 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm, but by selecting and combining any shape of a screen mesh and stripe, check, or dot satisfying the above range conditions.
For example, usually 300 mesh or less, suitably 80 to 20
By using a zero mesh screen, it is possible to form a convex bulge that matches a desired setting range.
【００１４】また、透光性基板は、光学的に透明である
条件を満たしていると共に、光透過性だけでなく長期間
の屋外暴露にでの光入射面側の汚れの付着、堆積並びに
耐候性、耐湿性や火災に対する耐火性、難燃性等の条件
を満たすことが必要である。特に、本発明で複数の凸状
膨隆部を形成せしめた透光性基板の場合、該凸状膨隆部
の存在によって表面反射を低減させる効果を期待できる
が、一方、長期間の屋外使用に際し、汚れの付着、堆積
の防止、ならびに汚れの落ち易さ等と併せて外観上の欠
陥を抑制することが望まれる。このため、本発明におい
ては、長期間屋外暴露の条件により受光面の汚れ防止な
いし汚れが付着しても落ち易い多機能性を備えた表面被
覆材を使用することができる。例えば、例えばマイナス
静電気の電場を形成する作用を発揮するトルマリン鉱石
の粉粒体を混練したセラミックス・インキを用い、これ
ら汚れ防止等の機能を発揮し得る構成とすることができ
る。具体的には、平均粒径０．１μｍ〜０．５ｍｍのト
ルマリン鉱石を少なくとも５〜１５重量％含有せしめる
ことにより、汚れ防止並びに付着した汚れも風雪、降雹
等の自然条件等にも起因し落ち易い構成とすることがで
きる。Further, the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent, and is not only light-transmitting, but also adheres, accumulates and accumulates dirt on the light incident surface side during long-term outdoor exposure. It is necessary to satisfy conditions such as heat resistance, moisture resistance, fire resistance against fire, and flame retardancy. In particular, in the case of a light-transmitting substrate formed with a plurality of convex ridges according to the present invention, the effect of reducing surface reflection can be expected due to the presence of the convex ridges. It is desired to prevent appearance defects in addition to the prevention of adhesion and accumulation of dirt and the ease with which dirt is removed. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to use a surface covering material having multi-functionality that prevents the light receiving surface from being stained or that is easily removed even if stains adhere to the light receiving surface due to long-term outdoor exposure conditions. For example, it is possible to use a ceramic ink obtained by kneading a powder of tourmaline ore, which exerts an action of forming an electric field of negative static electricity, for example, and to have a configuration capable of exhibiting the functions of preventing such contamination. More specifically, by containing at least 5 to 15% by weight of tourmaline ore having an average particle size of 0.1 μm to 0.5 mm, dirt is prevented and adhered dirt is also removed due to natural conditions such as wind, snow and hail. An easy configuration can be obtained.
【００１５】また、本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部を
スクリ−ン印刷法で形成する際、スライプ、チェック、
ドット形状、または図柄、模様状の色彩との組み合わせ
からなる外観上のデザイン或いは美化と共に、自然環境
下での雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くする為の
凸部の固着形成により、雨の水や細かい塵埃等が傾斜状
の表面被覆材に誘導刻溝を設けた構成とする。Further, in the present invention, when the convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method, it is possible to remove
Along with the appearance design or beautification consisting of a combination of dot shapes, designs, and pattern colors, the formation of projections to facilitate the removal and flow of rainwater, dust, etc. under natural environments, The guide groove is provided on the inclined surface coating material for water or fine dust.
【００１６】上記のような透光性基板の構成態様によ
り、必要な光透過性が確保されると共に、表面の直接反
射光を少なくし集光率の向上並びに受光面の反射率を下
げて、長期間の使用においても、誘導刻溝を設けた雨水
を導き易く塵埃等の堆積を少なくした構成とし、太陽電
池モジュ−ルの光電変換効率の低下を防止する。According to the configuration of the light-transmitting substrate as described above, necessary light transmittance is ensured, and the direct reflection light on the surface is reduced to improve the light-collecting efficiency and reduce the reflectance of the light-receiving surface. Even when used for a long period of time, the guide groove is provided so that the rainwater can be easily guided to reduce the accumulation of dust and the like, thereby preventing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.
【００１７】本発明において、透光性基板は光学的に透
明である条件を満たしていることは当然であるが、必要
により上記複数の凸状膨隆部を、風雪、降雹等の屋外暴
露を避け、光入射面側でない透光性基板の裏面側に、同
様にセラミックス・インキを用いて凸状膨隆部を形成せ
しめた構成とすることもできる。In the present invention, it is natural that the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent. However, if necessary, the plurality of convex bulges may be protected from outdoor exposure to wind, snow and hail. Alternatively, a convex bulge may be formed on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate other than the light incident surface by using ceramic ink.
【００１８】次に、透光性基板と接した面には、電流を
効率よく集電する為の光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設
けた導電性基体が形成されており、製造工程並びに品質
管理上も極めて製造簡易で且つモジュ−ルの発電性能を
安定的に維持することができる。該メッキ層は、透光性
基板と接した裏面に光起電力素子となるメッキ層として
形成されるが、この電極形成は従来広く採用されている
真空蒸着法、スパッタ法、スプレ−法、常圧ＣＶＤ法そ
の他適当な方法を用い形成することができる。メッキ層
の材料としては、フッ素含有酸化銅、アンチモン含有酸
化錫、錫含有酸化インジウム等の電気伝導性の良好な透
明金属酸化物を使用することができる。Next, a conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element for efficiently collecting current is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate. In terms of management, the production is extremely simple and the power generation performance of the module can be stably maintained. The plating layer is formed on the back surface in contact with the translucent substrate as a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element. This electrode is formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a spray method, a conventional method widely used in the past. It can be formed by a pressure CVD method or another appropriate method. As a material for the plating layer, a transparent metal oxide having good electric conductivity such as fluorine-containing copper oxide, antimony-containing tin oxide, and tin-containing indium oxide can be used.
【００１９】さらに、導導電性基体の背面には、絶縁保
護層からなる裏面被覆材が形成されるが、該被覆材とし
ては、電気的絶縁を保つために必要であり、材料として
は、十分な電気絶縁性を確保でき、長期間耐久性に優れ
熱膨張、熱収縮に耐え、柔軟性を備えることが望まし
く、ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト、ポリカ
−ボネ−ト等が好適に用いられる。Further, a back surface covering material made of an insulating protective layer is formed on the back surface of the conductive substrate, and the covering material is necessary to maintain electrical insulation, and is sufficient in material. It is desirable to ensure excellent electrical insulation, to have excellent durability for a long time, to withstand thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage, and to have flexibility. Polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and the like are preferably used.
【００２０】本発明において、透明とは分光光度計によ
る可視光線透過率が８０％以上である場合をいい、光起
電力素子に到達する光量の減少をできるだけ抑える為に
表面被覆材は透明でなくてはならず、光透過率では３０
０〜２１００ｎｍの領域であって、たとえば結晶系太陽
電池では４００〜１２００ｎｍ、薄膜系では３００〜８
００ｎｍの範囲で可及的高い透過率が好ましく、４００
〜７００ｎｍまでの可視光波長領域で８０％以上が望ま
しく、さらに好ましくは、９０％以上である。また、建
物の屋上等に設置した場合、大気からの光の入射を容易
にするために、２５℃における屈折率が１．１〜２．０
の領域であることが好ましい。In the present invention, the term "transparent" means that the visible light transmittance of the spectrophotometer is 80% or more. In order to minimize the decrease in the amount of light reaching the photovoltaic element, the surface coating material is not transparent. The light transmittance is 30
0 to 2100 nm, for example, 400 to 1200 nm for a crystalline solar cell, and 300 to 8 for a thin film system.
A transmission as high as possible in the range of 00 nm is preferred,
It is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, in the visible light wavelength region from to 700 nm. When installed on the roof of a building or the like, the refractive index at 25 ° C. is 1.1 to 2.0 in order to facilitate the incidence of light from the atmosphere.
It is preferable that it is the area | region of.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。図１は、本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例
を示すもので断面を示す説明図であり、太陽電池モジュ
−ル１は、厚さ３ｍｍの無色透明なフロ−ト硝子（白板
ガラス）の表面２に、セラミックス・インキを用い、３
５０メッシュのスクリ−ンによりスクリ−ン印刷法で複
数の凸状膨隆部３を形成した透光性基板４が形成された
構成となっている。該透光性基板４の表面２に設けた凸
状膨隆部３は、凸部９の相互間のピッチが略５０〜５０
００μｍ、凸部９の高さを略３０〜８０μｍに形成した
ものであり、前記凸状膨隆部３は、透光性基板４の表面
２に略均整かつ規則的に所望のストライプ、チェック或
いはドット形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれ
かによりに形成された構成とする。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention and showing a cross section. The solar cell module 1 is a colorless and transparent float glass (white plate glass) having a thickness of 3 mm. 3) Using ceramic ink on the surface 2 of 3)
A translucent substrate 4 having a plurality of convex bulges 3 formed by a screen printing method using a 50-mesh screen is formed. The convex bulging portion 3 provided on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 has a pitch between the convex portions 9 of about 50 to 50.
The convex bulging portion 3 is formed on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 in a substantially uniform and regular manner with a desired stripe, check or dot. A configuration formed by any one selected from a shape, a pattern, and a pattern shape.
【００２２】上記図１に示す凸状膨隆部３では、図２の
該凸状膨隆部３の一部拡大断面説明図のとおり、該凸状
膨隆部３の少なくとも頂点中心垂直線１０のいずれか一
方の片側周面１１に着色セラミックス・インキを用いて
表面彩色層１２が凹版によるグラビア方式等のパット印
刷又はスクリ−ン印刷により層着され、他方の片側周１
３の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成とする。こ
のような構成において、該凸状膨隆部３の表面彩色層１
２を層着しない片側周面１１と、これに連接する透光性
基板４の表面２に、光入射並びに光屈折手段を有効に連
結し得る無着色の透明領域がつながり光透過性効果を期
待できる。In the convex bulge 3 shown in FIG. 1, as shown in a partially enlarged sectional explanatory view of the convex bulge 3 in FIG. A surface coloring layer 12 is coated on one peripheral surface 11 by using a colored ceramic ink by pad printing or screen printing such as a gravure method using an intaglio plate.
3 is configured such that light transmittance is left in the exposed portion. In such a configuration, the surface coloring layer 1 of the convex bulge 3 is formed.
A non-colored transparent region that can effectively connect light incidence and light refraction means is connected to one side peripheral surface 11 on which the layer 2 is not layered and the surface 2 of the light transmitting substrate 4 connected to the peripheral surface 11, and a light transmitting effect is expected. it can.
【００２３】図３は別実施例であり、その構成は頂点中
心垂直線１０のいずれか一方の片側周面１１のうち、頂
点中心垂直線１０及び／又は透光性基板４の表面２より
稍間隔を設けた表面彩色層１２を形成せしめた構成とす
ることができ、これにより光透過率の逓減を抑制したも
のである。また、図２及び図３において、屈折の法則に
従って或る屈折角で入射し入射光Ａは凸部膨隆部３に入
射すると、屈折して反射面の近くに焦点を結び、反射光
Ｂとして視認され、該膨隆部３の屈折率、均質性、表面
状態に左右される。このように本発明では、光透過率か
らみても、稍光透過率の低下を余儀なくされるが、光反
射の抑制と併せ彩色効果を図るものであるから、全体に
どの様な色彩を壁面および屋根に調和して表現すること
ができるが、その際上記図３に示すような表面彩色層１
２を組み合わせた所望の構成とすることができる。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the configuration is slightly different from the vertex center vertical line 10 and / or the surface 2 of the translucent substrate 4 in one of the peripheral surfaces 11 on one side of the vertex center vertical line 10. A configuration in which the surface coloring layers 12 with intervals are formed can be adopted, thereby suppressing a decrease in light transmittance. 2 and 3, incident light A is incident at a certain refraction angle in accordance with the law of refraction, and when incident on the convex bulge 3, the light is refracted to focus near the reflecting surface and is visually recognized as reflected light B. It depends on the refractive index, homogeneity and surface condition of the bulge 3. As described above, in the present invention, the light transmittance is slightly reduced from the viewpoint of the light transmittance. However, since the coloring effect is achieved together with the suppression of the light reflection, any color can be applied to the wall surface and the entire surface. It can be expressed in harmony with the roof, in which case the surface coloring layer 1 as shown in FIG.
2 can be obtained as a desired configuration.
【００２４】また、必要により前記着色セラミックス・
インキを用いた表面彩色層を該凸状膨隆部３の全周面に
層着した構成とすることができる。If necessary, the colored ceramics
A configuration in which a surface coloring layer using ink is layered on the entire peripheral surface of the convex bulging portion 3 can be adopted.
【００２５】更に図１に示す如く、該透光性基板４の裏
面側には光起電力素子となるメッキ層５を設けた導電性
基体６が設けられており、その背面側には絶縁保護層７
からなる裏面被覆材８が形成され、これらが一体的に層
着された構成となっている。Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a conductive substrate 6 provided with a plating layer 5 serving as a photovoltaic element is provided on the back side of the translucent substrate 4, and an insulating protection layer is provided on the back side. Layer 7
Is formed, and these are integrally layered.
【００２６】本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルは、従来
の普及型である高価なシリコン太陽電池モジュ−ルに比
し、代替型の形式としてモジュ−ルの発電性能の数値そ
のものの低下は免れない。しかし少なくとも本発明の構
成によれば、モジュ−ル自体のコスト及び維持管理費が
低廉である。また、本発明の構成では、硝子に所望の彩
色を施す構成の場合、一般的には光透過率の低下を抑制
し、見る方向によって色彩を顕現でき、さらに光屈折率
による効果、或いは乱反射により色彩が同じ色調に観察
され易い等の効果を期待するものである。この為、所望
の光透過率が設定される構成とし、その光透過率の数値
を略維持し、長期間の屋外暴露においても、雨水、塵埃
等を除去し易く、数値低下を防止でき、建築部材として
外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分な実用性を満たす太陽
電池モジュ−ルが得られる。これにより太陽電池モジュ
−ル自体のコスト低廉化ができ、また透光性基板４の表
面又は裏面に形成した該凸状膨隆部３及びその表面層の
一部又は全部に層着した表面彩色層１２の組み合わせに
より、光透過率の低下を抑制或いは光の集光量が増し光
入射面側の乱反射や表面反射を防止することができるよ
うに働く。The solar cell module according to the present invention, as a substitute type, does not suffer from a decrease in the power generation performance itself of the module, as compared with the conventional popular type expensive silicon solar cell module. Absent. However, at least according to the configuration of the present invention, the cost of the module itself and the maintenance cost are low. In addition, in the configuration of the present invention, in the case of applying a desired coloring to glass, generally, a decrease in light transmittance is suppressed, and a color can be manifested depending on a viewing direction. This is expected to have an effect that colors are easily observed in the same color tone. For this reason, a configuration in which a desired light transmittance is set, the numerical value of the light transmittance is substantially maintained, and rainwater, dust and the like can be easily removed even during long-term outdoor exposure, and a decrease in the numerical value can be prevented. As a member, a solar cell module that satisfies sufficient practicability in addition to color harmony in appearance can be obtained. Thereby, the cost of the solar cell module itself can be reduced, and the convex bulge 3 formed on the front or back surface of the light-transmitting substrate 4 and a surface coloring layer deposited on a part or all of the surface layer thereof The combination of 12 functions to suppress a decrease in light transmittance or increase the amount of condensed light to prevent irregular reflection and surface reflection on the light incident surface side.
【００２７】なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定され
るものではなく、例えば凸状膨隆部の全部を着色セラミ
ック・インキで固着形成した構成のほか、本発明の要旨
を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等は本発明に含まれる。The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which the entire convex bulge is fixedly formed with colored ceramic ink, and a design within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. Modifications and the like are included in the present invention.
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、透光性基板に設けた所
望設定の略均整かつ規則的な凸状膨隆部ならびに該膨隆
部の少なくとも凸部の全周面の片面側には表面彩色層が
層着形成され、これによって彩色効果と併せ表面直接反
射光を抑制し、かつ基板の受光面の反射率を下げて光電
変換効率の低下を防止し、また該膨隆部の形成により雨
水、塵埃等を除去し易く、長期間の屋外暴露でも発電効
率が低下しない。さらに、モジュ−ル自体のコスト低廉
で、安定した製作が可能であり、維持管理コストを低減
でき、建築部材として外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分
な実用性を満たす効果を奏する。According to the present invention, a desired substantially uniform and regular convex bulge provided on the light-transmitting substrate and a surface coloring is provided on at least one side of the entire peripheral surface of the convex bulge. A layer is formed by layering, thereby suppressing the surface direct reflection light in addition to the coloring effect, and preventing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency by reducing the reflectance of the light receiving surface of the substrate. It is easy to remove dust and the like, and the power generation efficiency does not decrease even after long-term outdoor exposure. Further, the module itself can be manufactured at a low cost, can be manufactured stably, can be reduced in maintenance costs, and has an effect of satisfying sufficient practicality as well as a color harmony in appearance as a building member.
【図１】本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例を
示す要部断面説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a main part of an embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
１ 太陽電池モジュ−ル ２ 表面 ３ 凸状膨隆部 ４ 透光性基板 ５ メッキ層 ６ 導電性基体 ７ 絶縁保護層 ８ 裏面被覆材 ９ 凸部 １０ 頂点中心垂直線 １１ 片側周面 １２ 表面彩色層 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell module 2 Surface 3 Convex bulge 4 Translucent substrate 5 Plating layer 6 Conductive substrate 7 Insulation protection layer 8 Back covering material 9 Convex part 10 Vertical center line 11 Peripheral surface of one side 12 Surface coloring layer
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１０年１２月３０日（１９９８．１２．
３０）[Submission date] December 30, 1998 (1998.12.
30)
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【書類名】 明細書[Document Name] Statement
【発明の名称】 太陽電池モジュ−ル[Title of the Invention] Solar cell module
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は太陽電池モジュ−ルに関
し、特に設備コストが低廉で、光の反射防止並びに着色
による透過率を少なくし、長期間モジュ−ルの発電性能
を安定的に維持できる太陽電池モジュ−ルに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell module, and more particularly to a solar cell module which has a low equipment cost, prevents light reflection and reduces the transmittance due to coloring, and stably maintains the power generation performance of the module for a long time. The present invention relates to a solar cell module that can be used.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、太陽電池モジュ−ルは地球環境保
全の立場からも排気ガス、放射線等の公害を発生するこ
とのないクリ−ンなエネルギ−源として注目されてい
る。これらの太陽電池モジュ−ルでは、使用素材が環境
保全上殆ど影響がない、エネルギ−変換率が高い、発電
特性が安定している等の為、シリコン太陽電池が一般的
に使用されている。このようなシリコン太陽電池として
は、例えば単結晶シリコン基板の表面にｎ型の拡散層を
形成し、電極を形成した後、反射防止膜を形成すること
によって得られる単結晶シリコン太陽電池がよく知られ
ている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, solar cell modules have been attracting attention as a clean energy source that does not generate pollution such as exhaust gas and radiation from the standpoint of global environmental protection. In these solar cell modules, silicon solar cells are generally used because the materials used have little effect on environmental protection, the energy conversion rate is high, and the power generation characteristics are stable. As such a silicon solar cell, for example, a single-crystal silicon solar cell obtained by forming an n-type diffusion layer on the surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate, forming an electrode, and then forming an antireflection film is well known. Have been.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の単結晶シリコン
太陽電池においては、単結晶シリコン基板を用いるとコ
ストが高くなる難点がある。この為、単結晶シリコン基
板に代えて低コストの異種基板を用い、その上に例えば
Ｓｉの薄膜を成膜する等の提案がなされている。しか
し、上記Ｓｉを必要な厚さまで成膜すると、基板と熱膨
張係数が大きく異なるため基板にそりを生じて歩留りが
劣り、さらに電気特性が悪くなる。このように該基板に
代えた種々の提案がなされているが、製作上構造が複雑
化のほか、いずれにしても単結晶シリコン太陽電池に比
しエネルギ−変換率の低下を免れない欠点があり、設備
費及び製造コスト低減と併せ、その改良が強く望まれて
いる。In the above-mentioned single-crystal silicon solar cell, the use of a single-crystal silicon substrate has a disadvantage that the cost is increased. For this reason, it has been proposed to use a low-cost heterogeneous substrate instead of a single-crystal silicon substrate and form a thin film of, for example, Si thereon. However, when the above-mentioned Si is formed to a required thickness, the substrate has a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient, so that the substrate is warped and the yield is inferior, and the electric characteristics are further deteriorated. Although various proposals have been made in place of the substrate as described above, there are drawbacks in that the structure is complicated in manufacturing and, in any case, the energy conversion rate is inevitably lower than that of the single crystal silicon solar cell. There is a strong demand for improvements in addition to reductions in equipment costs and manufacturing costs.
【０００４】また、太陽電池モジュ−ルは建物の屋上の
屋根等の屋外に設置されるが、近年乱反射による光公害
の防止抑制、或いはその対応での光透過率の逓減が問題
点となっている。さらに屋外暴露のため使用中に雨水の
滞留や塵埃等が堆積し易い点が難点となっており、特に
最表面被覆材に樹脂フィルム等を使用した太陽電池モジ
ュ−ルでは使用中に表面に付着、堆積したした汚れはあ
る程度除去されるが、自然条件による汚れの落ちる程度
もガラスに比べても劣り、雨、雪、風等の自然環境によ
り雨水の滞留や汚れが付着又は堆積し易いという難点が
あり、表面被覆材の透明度が低下し光起電力素子に到達
する入射光は低下し、光起電力の低下が起こる難点があ
った。[0004] In addition, solar cell modules are installed outdoors such as on the roof of a building. In recent years, however, prevention and suppression of light pollution due to irregular reflection, or a gradual decrease in light transmittance in response thereto have become problems. I have. Another drawback is that rainwater stays and dust easily accumulates during use due to outdoor exposure, especially on solar cell modules that use a resin film or the like as the outermost coating material. The accumulated dirt is removed to some extent, but the degree of dirt falling due to natural conditions is also inferior to glass, and it is difficult for rainwater to accumulate or accumulate dirt due to the natural environment such as rain, snow, wind, etc. There is a problem that the transparency of the surface coating material is reduced, the incident light reaching the photovoltaic element is reduced, and the photovoltaic power is reduced.
【０００５】上記最表面被覆材として、樹脂フィルムを
用いるとき、その表面は平滑であるため、その平滑な表
面に平行に近い角度で入射する光は臨界角を越えると全
反射され、太陽電池の光起電力素子にまで光が入光しな
くなる為、十分な起電力を発生することは出来なくな
る。また、屋根の屋上や壁面等に設置するような場合、
太陽電池モジュ−ルは角度によっては、反射光が他の住
宅等にも届くため人々が眩しく不快に感じるといった問
題も発生することがある。さらに長期間の屋外暴露によ
り被覆材の熱膨張や熱収縮の反復により表面に皺が発生
することがあり、外観視認上も美感が損なわれる。When a resin film is used as the outermost surface coating material, the surface is smooth, so that light incident on the smooth surface at an angle close to parallel is totally reflected when the angle exceeds the critical angle, and the solar cell is used. Since light does not enter the photovoltaic element, sufficient electromotive force cannot be generated. Also, when installing on the rooftop or wall of a roof,
Depending on the angle of the solar cell module, the reflected light reaches other houses or the like, so that there may be a problem that people feel dazzling and uncomfortable. In addition, wrinkles may occur on the surface due to repeated thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage of the coating material due to long-term outdoor exposure, which impairs the aesthetic appearance.
【０００６】このような欠点を解決する為、例えば、特
開平９−１９１１１５号公報には、光起電力素子の光入
射側表面が透明有機高分子樹脂層とそれに接してその外
側の最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の２層以上の被
覆材により被覆された太陽電池モジュ−ルにおいて、被
覆材の表面に複数の凹凸が形成され該凹凸のピッチ、高
さや、溝の長さ、線径についての開示がなされている。
また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公報には、研削面に断
面が略Ｖ字状またはＵ字状の刃を揺するホイ−ル状のマ
チ刃砥石によって受光面に略Ｖ字状又はＵ字状の凹凸溝
を形成した基板を備えてなる太陽電池が開示されてい
る。さらに特開平９−１０２６２５号公報には、半導体
基板をドライエッチング装置内に搬入し、該装置内にマ
スク形成用ガスとエッチングガスを同時に導入して微小
な凹凸部を形成する太陽電池素子の製造方法の提案があ
る。In order to solve such a drawback, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115 discloses that the light incident side surface of a photovoltaic element is in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer and the outermost surface thereof. In a solar cell module covered with two or more transparent surface protective film layers, a plurality of irregularities are formed on the surface of the covering material, and the pitch, height, groove length, and wire diameter of the irregularities are formed. Has been disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603 discloses that a light-receiving surface is formed in a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped by means of a wheel-shaped gusset blade that swings a blade having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross section on a ground surface. A solar cell including a substrate having an uneven groove is disclosed. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-102625 discloses a method of manufacturing a solar cell element in which a semiconductor substrate is carried into a dry etching apparatus, and a gas for forming a mask and an etching gas are simultaneously introduced into the apparatus to form minute uneven portions. There is a method suggestion.
【０００７】しかし、上記特開平９−１９１１１５号公
報では、光起電力素子の光入射表面が、透明有機高分子
樹脂層とそれに接してその外側の最表面に透明な表面保
護フィルムの２層以上の被覆材に被覆した構成であり、
表面直接反射光が少なく、しわが入りにくく、汚れが落
ち易い等であるが、光起電力素子の光入射側に繊維状無
機化合物を含浸した透明有機高分子樹脂層と、それに接
して外側最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の少なくと
も２層以上の被覆材の為、構成も複雑で材料及び製造コ
スト高につながる。また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公
報では、基板の光反射率低減のための溝加工を多数の刃
を有する幅の広いマルチ刃砥石を使用した加工であり、
基板を研削するための工作機械を必要とし、規則的な溝
を形成する加工、並びに量産性が確保されなければコス
ト高は避けられない難点がある。さらに、特開平９−１
０２６２５号公報では、製造工程を簡略化し、半導体の
全面を均一にエッチングできるとしても、製造装置コス
トが高く、使用ガスの流量管理等を必要とする。However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115, the light incident surface of the photovoltaic element has two or more transparent organic polymer resin layers and a transparent surface protective film on the outermost surface in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer. It is a configuration covered with a coating material of
The surface direct reflection light is small, wrinkles are not easily formed, and dirt is easy to remove.However, a transparent organic polymer resin layer impregnated with a fibrous inorganic compound is Since the coating material has at least two or more surface protective film layers transparent on the surface, the structure is complicated and the material and the production cost are increased. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603, groove processing for reducing the light reflectance of a substrate is performed using a wide multi-blade grindstone having a large number of blades.
A machine tool for grinding a substrate is required, and there is a disadvantage that high cost cannot be avoided unless processing for forming regular grooves and mass productivity are secured. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-1
In Japanese Patent No. 02625, even if the manufacturing process is simplified and the entire surface of the semiconductor can be uniformly etched, the cost of the manufacturing apparatus is high and the flow rate of the gas used needs to be controlled.
【０００８】上記の問題点を解決する為、出願人は、平
成９年特許願第２６４８２２号において、透明フロ−ト
ガラスの表面にセラミックス・インキを用いてスクリ−
ン印刷法により凹凸膨隆部が形成され、該凹凸の相互間
の凹凸ピッチ及び凹凸の高さを所望設定の略均整かつ規
則的に形成せしめた透光性基板と、該基板と接した裏面
に光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電性基体と、
さらに背面には裏面被覆材からなる絶縁保護層とから形
成された太陽電池モジュ−ルを提案している。[0008] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the applicant has disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 264822/1997 a screen using ceramic ink on the surface of transparent float glass.
An uneven bulging portion is formed by an imprinting method, and a light-transmitting substrate in which the uneven pitch and the height of the unevenness between the unevenness are formed substantially uniformly and regularly at a desired setting, and on the back surface in contact with the substrate. A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element,
Further, a solar cell module formed on the back surface with an insulating protective layer made of a back cover material has been proposed.
【０００９】しかしながら、上記提案の太陽電池モジュ
−ルについて検討の結果、さらに乱反射による光の反射
公害が発生する点を防止することが望ましい点、ならび
に着色による光透過率の低下をできるだけ少なくする
点、並びに建築物の外観の美化および色彩によるデザイ
ン化、装飾効果、さらに風雨に曝され埃等が堆積が少な
い太陽電池モジュ−ルの構成の如き改善が望まれること
に着目した。However, as a result of a study on the solar cell module proposed above, it is desirable to prevent the occurrence of light reflection pollution due to irregular reflection, and to minimize the decrease in light transmittance due to coloring. In addition, attention has been paid to the need for improvements such as the improvement of the appearance of buildings and the design and decoration effects by colors, and the structure of solar cell modules that are exposed to the wind and rain and have less accumulation of dust and the like.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題点を
解決するために鋭意検討の結果なされたものである。 （１）透光性基板は、透明フロ−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−
製法による透明硝子板の表面に、セラミックス・インキ
を用いてスクリ−ン印刷法により凸状膨隆部が形成さ
れ、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸ピッチ及び凸部の高さを
所望設定の略均整、かつ規則的に形成せしめた構成より
なる。また、凸状膨隆部はスクリ−ン印刷法により、ス
トライプ、チェック、ドット形状または図柄、模様状の
色彩との組み合わせからなる外観上のデザイン、或いは
美化と併せ、雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くす
る為の誘導刻溝が形成され、かつ凸状膨隆部は複数の凸
状膨隆部を有し、少なくとも凸状膨隆部相互間のピッチ
が５０μｍ〜５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さが
１０μｍ〜１００μｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍ
からなる所望設定の範囲に形成せしめた構成よりなる。 （２）本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部の少なくとも頂
点中心垂直線のいずれか一方の片側周面に着色セラミッ
クス・インキを用いて表面彩色層が層着され、他方の片
側周面の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成よりな
る。 （３）上記透光性基板と接した面には、電流を効率よく
集電するため光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電
性基体が形成されている。 （４）さらに、背面には、光起電力素子の導電性基板と
外部との電気的絶縁を保つ為、十分な電気絶縁性を確保
でき、しかも長期耐久性に優れ、熱膨張或いは熱収縮に
耐え得る絶縁保護層からなる裏面被覆材を設けた構成と
したものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems. (1) The translucent substrate is made by a transparent float process or a roller.
A convex bulge is formed on the surface of the transparent glass plate by a screen printing method using ceramics ink, and the convex pitch and the height of the convex between the convex bulges are set to desired values. It has a substantially uniform and regularly formed configuration. In addition, the convex bulges are formed by a screen printing method to guide the flow of rainwater, dust, etc., in combination with the appearance design consisting of a combination of stripes, checks, dot shapes or patterns and patterns, or beautification. A guide groove for facilitating removal is formed, and the convex bulge has a plurality of convex bulges, at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 50 μm to 5000 μm and a height of the convex. Is 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm
Is formed in a desired setting range. (2) In the present invention, a surface coloring layer is formed on at least one peripheral surface of at least one vertex center vertical line of the convex bulging portion using a colored ceramic ink, and the other one peripheral surface is exposed. It has a configuration in which light transmittance is left. (3) A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate in order to efficiently collect current. (4) Further, on the back surface, sufficient electrical insulation can be ensured to maintain electrical insulation between the conductive substrate of the photovoltaic element and the outside, and furthermore, it has excellent long-term durability and is resistant to thermal expansion or thermal contraction. This is a configuration in which a back surface covering material made of a durable insulating protective layer is provided.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルは、
上述した構成を基本とし、以下に述べるような構成態様
を包含しており、それによって顕著な作用を奏するもの
である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The solar cell module of the present invention comprises:
Based on the above-described configuration, the present invention includes the following configuration modes, and thereby has a remarkable effect.
【００１２】本発明に使用する透光性基板は、透明フロ
−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−製法よりなる少なくとも透光性
を有する透明或いは半透明硝子からなる光を透過する板
状体であり、無色透明、或いは必要により有色透明ガラ
ス板や合成樹脂板等を用いることができる。また、光透
過性に優れると共に、飛砂や降雹等に耐える硬度と風圧
に対する強度が必要で、３〜４ｍｍの厚さが適当であ
る。上記透光性基板の光入射面側の表面には、セラミッ
クス・インキを用い、スクリ−ン印刷法により凸状膨隆
部が形成されるが、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸部ピッチ
及び凸部の高さを所望設定の略均整、かつ規則的に形成
せしめた構成となっている。また該凸状膨隆部はスクリ
−ン印刷法により、ストライプ、チェック或いはドット
形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれかによりに
形成される。該透光性基板には、複数の凹凸膨隆部を有
し、少なくとも凸部膨隆部相互間のピッチが５０μｍ〜
５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さ１０〜１００μ
ｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍからなる所望設定の
範囲に形成せしめるが、上記範囲の条件を満たすスクリ
−ンのメッシュ及びストライプ、チェック、ドットのい
ずれかの形状の選択並びに組み合わせにより、たとえば
通常３００メッシュ以下、適宜には８０〜２００メッシ
ュのスクリ−ンを使用することにより、所望の設定範囲
に合致する凸状膨隆部を形成せしめることができる。The light-transmitting substrate used in the present invention is a plate made of a transparent or translucent glass having at least a light-transmitting property, which is formed by a transparent float method or a roller method, and is transparent. A colorless and transparent, or a colored and transparent glass plate, a synthetic resin plate or the like can be used if necessary. Further, it is required to have excellent light transmittance, hardness to withstand flying sand and hail, and strength against wind pressure, and a thickness of 3 to 4 mm is appropriate. On the light incident surface side of the light-transmitting substrate, convex ridges are formed by a screen printing method using ceramics ink. The configuration is such that the heights of the protruding portions are substantially equal to a desired setting and are formed regularly. The convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method in a stripe, check or dot shape or any one selected from designs and patterns. The translucent substrate has a plurality of uneven bulges, and at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 50 μm or more.
5000 μm and the height of the convex portion is 10 to 100 μm.
m, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm, but by selecting and combining any of screen mesh, stripe, check and dot shapes satisfying the above range conditions, for example, usually 300 mesh Hereinafter, by appropriately using a screen of 80 to 200 mesh, it is possible to form a convex bulging portion that matches a desired setting range.
【００１３】また、透光性基板は、光学的に透明である
条件を満たしていると共に、光透過性だけでなく長期間
の屋外暴露にでの光入射面側の汚れの付着、堆積並びに
耐候性、耐湿性や火災に対する耐火性、難燃性等の条件
を満たすことが必要である。特に、本発明で複数の凸状
膨隆部を形成せしめた透光性基板の場合、該凸状膨隆部
の存在によって表面反射を低減させる効果を期待できる
が、一方、長期間の屋外使用に際し、汚れの付着、堆積
の防止、ならびに汚れの落ち易さ等と併せて外観上の欠
陥を抑制することが望まれる。このため、本発明におい
ては、長期間屋外暴露の条件により受光面の汚れ防止な
いし汚れが付着しても落ち易い多機能性を備えた表面被
覆材を使用することができる。例えば、例えばマイナス
静電気の電場を形成する作用を発揮するトルマリン鉱石
の粉粒体を混練したセラミックス・インキを用い、これ
ら汚れ防止等の機能を発揮し得る構成とすることができ
る。具体的には、平均粒径０．１μｍ〜０．５ｍｍのト
ルマリン鉱石を少なくとも５〜１５重量％含有せしめる
ことにより、汚れ防止並びに付着した汚れも風雪、降雹
等の自然条件等にも起因し落ち易い構成とすることがで
きる。Further, the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent, and is not only light-transmitting, but also adheres, accumulates and accumulates dirt on the light incident surface side during long-term outdoor exposure. It is necessary to satisfy conditions such as heat resistance, moisture resistance, fire resistance against fire, and flame retardancy. In particular, in the case of a light-transmitting substrate formed with a plurality of convex ridges according to the present invention, the effect of reducing surface reflection can be expected due to the presence of the convex ridges. It is desired to prevent appearance defects in addition to the prevention of adhesion and accumulation of dirt and the ease with which dirt is removed. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to use a surface covering material having multi-functionality that prevents the light receiving surface from being stained or that is easily removed even if stains adhere to the light receiving surface due to long-term outdoor exposure conditions. For example, it is possible to use a ceramic ink obtained by kneading a powder of tourmaline ore, which exerts an action of forming an electric field of negative static electricity, for example, and to have a configuration capable of exhibiting the functions of preventing such contamination. More specifically, by containing at least 5 to 15% by weight of tourmaline ore having an average particle size of 0.1 μm to 0.5 mm, dirt is prevented and adhered dirt is also removed due to natural conditions such as wind, snow and hail. An easy configuration can be obtained.
【００１４】また、本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部を
スクリ−ン印刷法で形成する際、スライプ、チェック、
ドット形状、または図柄、模様状の色彩との組み合わせ
からなる外観上のデザイン或いは美化と共に、自然環境
下での雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くする為の
凸部の固着形成により、雨の水や細かい塵埃等が傾斜状
の表面被覆材に誘導刻溝を設けた構成とする。Further, in the present invention, when the convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method, it is possible to remove
Along with the appearance design or beautification consisting of a combination of dot shapes, designs, and pattern colors, the formation of projections to facilitate the removal and flow of rainwater, dust, etc. under natural environments, The guide groove is provided on the inclined surface coating material for water or fine dust.
【００１５】上記のような透光性基板の構成態様によ
り、必要な光透過性が確保されると共に、表面の直接反
射光を少なくし集光率の向上並びに受光面の反射率を下
げて、長期間の使用においても、誘導刻溝を設けた雨水
を導き易く塵埃等の堆積を少なくした構成とし、太陽電
池モジュ−ルの光電変換効率の低下を防止する。According to the configuration of the translucent substrate as described above, necessary light transmissivity is ensured, the direct reflection light on the surface is reduced, the light collection efficiency is improved, and the reflectance of the light receiving surface is reduced. Even when used for a long period of time, the guide groove is provided so that the rainwater can be easily guided to reduce the accumulation of dust and the like, thereby preventing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.
【００１６】本発明において、透光性基板は光学的に透
明である条件を満たしていることは当然であるが、必要
により上記複数の凸状膨隆部を、風雪、降雹等の屋外暴
露を避け、光入射面側でない透光性基板の裏面側に、同
様にセラミックス・インキを用いて凸状膨隆部を形成せ
しめた構成とすることもできる。In the present invention, it is natural that the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent. However, if necessary, the plurality of convex bulges can be protected from outdoor exposure to wind, snow and hail. Alternatively, a convex bulge may be formed on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate other than the light incident surface by using ceramic ink.
【００１７】次に、透光性基板と接した面には、電流を
効率よく集電する為の光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設
けた導電性基体が形成されており、製造工程並びに品質
管理上も極めて製造簡易で且つモジュ−ルの発電性能を
安定的に維持することができる。該メッキ層は、透光性
基板と接した裏面に光起電力素子となるメッキ層として
形成されるが、この電極形成は従来広く採用されている
真空蒸着法、スパッタ法、スプレ−法、常圧ＣＶＤ法そ
の他適当な方法を用い形成することができる。メッキ層
の材料としては、フッ素含有酸化銅、アンチモン含有酸
化錫、錫含有酸化インジウム等の電気伝導性の良好な透
明金属酸化物を使用することができる。Next, a conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element for efficiently collecting current is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate. In terms of management, the production is extremely simple and the power generation performance of the module can be stably maintained. The plating layer is formed on the back surface in contact with the translucent substrate as a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element. This electrode is formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a spray method, a conventional method widely used in the past. It can be formed by a pressure CVD method or another appropriate method. As a material for the plating layer, a transparent metal oxide having good electric conductivity such as fluorine-containing copper oxide, antimony-containing tin oxide, and tin-containing indium oxide can be used.
【００１８】さらに、導導電性基体の背面には、絶縁保
護層からなる裏面被覆材が形成されるが、該被覆材とし
ては、電気的絶縁を保つために必要であり、材料として
は、十分な電気絶縁性を確保でき、長期間耐久性に優れ
熱膨張、熱収縮に耐え、柔軟性を備えることが望まし
く、ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト、ポリカ
−ボネ−ト等が好適に用いられる。Further, a back surface covering material made of an insulating protective layer is formed on the back surface of the conductive substrate, and the covering material is necessary for maintaining electrical insulation, and is sufficient as a material. It is desirable to ensure excellent electrical insulation, to have excellent durability for a long time, to withstand thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage, and to have flexibility. Polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and the like are preferably used.
【００１９】本発明において、透明とは分光光度計によ
る可視光線透過率が８０％以上である場合をいい、光起
電力素子に到達する光量の減少をできるだけ抑える為に
表面被覆材は透明でなくてはならず、光透過率では３０
０〜２１００ｎｍの領域であって、たとえば結晶系太陽
電池では４００〜１２００ｎｍ、薄膜系では３００〜８
００ｎｍの範囲で可及的高い透過率が好ましく、４００
〜７００ｎｍまでの可視光波長領域で８０％以上が望ま
しく、さらに好ましくは、９０％以上である。また、建
物の屋上等に設置した場合、大気からの光の入射を容易
にするために、２５℃における屈折率が１．１〜２．０
の領域であることが好ましい。In the present invention, "transparent" means that the visible light transmittance of the spectrophotometer is 80% or more. In order to minimize the decrease in the amount of light reaching the photovoltaic element, the surface coating material is not transparent. The light transmittance is 30
0 to 2100 nm, for example, 400 to 1200 nm for a crystalline solar cell, and 300 to 8 for a thin film system.
A transmission as high as possible in the range of 00 nm is preferred,
It is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, in the visible light wavelength region from to 700 nm. When installed on the roof of a building or the like, the refractive index at 25 ° C. is 1.1 to 2.0 in order to facilitate the incidence of light from the atmosphere.
It is preferable that it is the area | region of.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。図１は、本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例
を示すもので断面を示す説明図であり、太陽電池モジュ
−ル１は、厚さ３ｍｍの無色透明なフロ−ト硝子（白板
ガラス）の表面２に、セラミックス・インキを用い、３
５０メッシュのスクリ−ンによりスクリ−ン印刷法で複
数の凸状膨隆部３を形成した透光性基板４が形成された
構成となっている。該透光性基板４の表面２に設けた凸
状膨隆部３は、凸部９の相互間のピッチが略５０〜５０
００μｍ、凸部９の高さを略３０〜８０μｍに形成した
ものであり、前記凸状膨隆部３は、透光性基板４の表面
２に略均整かつ規則的に所望のストライプ、チェック或
いはドット形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれ
かによりに形成された構成とする。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention and showing a cross section. The solar cell module 1 is a colorless and transparent float glass (white plate glass) having a thickness of 3 mm. 3) Using ceramic ink on the surface 2 of 3)
A translucent substrate 4 having a plurality of convex bulges 3 formed by a screen printing method using a 50-mesh screen is formed. The convex bulging portion 3 provided on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 has a pitch between the convex portions 9 of about 50 to 50.
The convex bulging portion 3 is formed on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 in a substantially uniform and regular manner with a desired stripe, check or dot. A configuration formed by any one selected from a shape, a pattern, and a pattern shape.
【００２１】[0021]
【図１】 FIG.
【００２２】 上記図１に示す凸状膨隆部３では、図２の
該凸状膨隆部３の一部拡大断面説明図のとおり、該凸状
膨隆部３の少なくとも頂点中心垂直線１０のいずれか一
方の片側周面１１に着色セラミックス・インキを用いて
表面彩色層１２が凹版によるグラビア方式等のパット印
刷又はスクリ−ン印刷により層着され、他方の片側周１
３の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成とする。こ
のような構成において、該凸状膨隆部３の表面彩色層１
２を層着しない片側周面１１と、これに連接する透光性
基板４の表面２に、光入射並びに光屈折手段を有効に連
結し得る無着色の透明領域がつながり光透過性効果を期
待できる。 In the convex bulge 3 shown in FIG. 1, as shown in a partially enlarged sectional explanatory view of the convex bulge 3 in FIG. A surface coloring layer 12 is coated on one peripheral surface 11 by using a colored ceramic ink by pad printing or screen printing such as a gravure method using an intaglio plate.
3 is configured such that light transmittance is left in the exposed portion. In such a configuration, the surface coloring layer 1 of the convex bulge 3 is formed.
A non-colored transparent region that can effectively connect light incidence and light refraction means is connected to one side peripheral surface 11 on which the layer 2 is not layered and the surface 2 of the light transmitting substrate 4 connected to the peripheral surface 11, and a light transmitting effect is expected. it can.
【００２３】[0023]
【図２】 FIG. 2
【００２４ 】図３は別実施例であり、その構成は頂点中
心垂直線１０のいずれか一方の片側周面１１のうち、頂
点中心垂直線１０及び／又は透光性基板４の表面２より
稍間隔を設けた表面彩色層１２を形成せしめた構成とす
ることができ、これにより光透過率の逓減を抑制したも
のである。また、図２及び図３において、屈折の法則に
従って或る屈折角で入射し入射光Ａは凸部膨隆部３に入
射すると、屈折して反射面の近くに焦点を結び、反射光
Ｂとして視認され、該膨隆部３の屈折率、均質性、表面
状態に左右される。このように本発明では、光透過率か
らみても、稍光透過率の低下を余儀なくされるが、光反
射の抑制と併せ彩色効果を図るものであるから、全体に
どの様な色彩を壁面および屋根に調和して表現すること
ができるが、その際上記図３に示すような表面彩色層１
２を組み合わせた所望の構成とすることができる。 [0024] Figure 3 is another embodiment, somewhat above its configuration of one of the side peripheral surface 11 of the apex central vertical line 10, the vertex center surface 2 of the vertical line 10 and / or the translucent substrate 4 A configuration in which the surface coloring layers 12 with intervals are formed can be adopted, thereby suppressing a decrease in light transmittance. 2 and 3, incident light A is incident at a certain refraction angle in accordance with the law of refraction, and when incident on the convex bulge 3, the light is refracted to focus near the reflecting surface and is visually recognized as reflected light B. It depends on the refractive index, homogeneity and surface condition of the bulge 3. As described above, in the present invention, the light transmittance is slightly reduced from the viewpoint of the light transmittance. However, since the coloring effect is achieved together with the suppression of the light reflection, any color can be applied to the wall surface and the entire surface. It can be expressed in harmony with the roof, in which case the surface coloring layer 1 as shown in FIG.
2 can be obtained as a desired configuration.
【００２５】 また、必要により前記着色セラミックス・
インキを用いた表面彩色層を該凸状膨隆部３の全周面に
層着した構成とすることができる。 If necessary, the colored ceramics
A configuration in which a surface coloring layer using ink is layered on the entire peripheral surface of the convex bulging portion 3 can be adopted.
【００２６】 更に図１に示す如く、該透光性基板４の裏
面側には光起電力素子となるメッキ層５を設けた導電性
基体６が設けられており、その背面側には絶縁保護層７
からなる裏面被覆材８が形成され、これらが一体的に層
着された構成となっている。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, a conductive substrate 6 on the back side of the light-transmitting substrate 4 having a plating layer 5 of the photovoltaic element is provided, the insulating protection on the back side Layer 7
Is formed, and these are integrally layered.
【００２７】 本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルは、従来
の普及型である高価なシリコン太陽電池モジュ−ルに比
し、代替型の形式としてモジュ−ルの発電性能の数値そ
のものの低下は免れない。しかし少なくとも本発明の構
成によれば、モジュ−ル自体のコスト及び維持管理費が
低廉である。また、本発明の構成では、硝子に所望の彩
色を施す構成の場合、一般的には光透過率の低下を抑制
し、見る方向によって色彩を顕現でき、さらに光屈折率
による効果、或いは乱反射により色彩が同じ色調に観察
され易い等の効果を期待するものである。この為、所望
の光透過率が設定される構成とし、その光透過率の数値
を略維持し、長期間の屋外暴露においても、雨水、塵埃
等を除去し易く、数値低下を防止でき、建築部材として
外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分な実用性を満たす太陽
電池モジュ−ルが得られる。これにより太陽電池モジュ
−ル自体のコスト低廉化ができ、また透光性基板４の表
面又は裏面に形成した該凸状膨隆部３及びその表面層の
一部又は全部に層着した表面彩色層１２の組み合わせに
より、光透過率の低下を抑制或いは光の集光量が増し光
入射面側の乱反射や表面反射を防止することができるよ
うに働く。 The solar cell module according to the present invention, as a substitute type, does not suffer from a decrease in the numerical value of the power generation performance itself of the module, as compared with the conventional popular type expensive silicon solar cell module. Absent. However, at least according to the configuration of the present invention, the cost of the module itself and the maintenance cost are low. In addition, in the configuration of the present invention, in the case of applying a desired coloring to glass, generally, a decrease in light transmittance is suppressed, and a color can be manifested depending on a viewing direction. This is expected to have an effect that colors are easily observed in the same color tone. For this reason, a configuration in which a desired light transmittance is set, the numerical value of the light transmittance is substantially maintained, and rainwater, dust and the like can be easily removed even during long-term outdoor exposure, and a decrease in the numerical value can be prevented. As a member, a solar cell module that satisfies sufficient practicability in addition to color harmony in appearance can be obtained. Thereby, the cost of the solar cell module itself can be reduced, and the convex bulge 3 formed on the front or back surface of the light-transmitting substrate 4 and a surface coloring layer deposited on a part or all of the surface layer thereof The combination of 12 functions to suppress a decrease in light transmittance or increase the amount of condensed light to prevent irregular reflection and surface reflection on the light incident surface side.
【００２８】 なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定され
るものではなく、例えば凸状膨隆部の全部を着色セラミ
ック・インキで固着形成した構成のほか、本発明の要旨
を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等は本発明に含まれる。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which all of the convex bulges are fixedly formed with colored ceramic ink, and a design within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. Modifications and the like are included in the present invention.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、透光性基板に設けた所
望設定の略均整かつ規則的な凸状膨隆部ならびに該膨隆
部の少なくとも凸部の全周面の片面側には表面彩色層が
層着形成され、これによって彩色効果と併せ表面直接反
射光を抑制し、かつ基板の受光面の反射率を下げて光電
変換効率の低下を防止し、また該膨隆部の形成により雨
水、塵埃等を除去し易く、長期間の屋外暴露でも発電効
率が低下しない。さらに、モジュ−ル自体のコスト低廉
で、安定した製作が可能であり、維持管理コストを低減
でき、建築部材として外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分
な実用性を満たす効果を奏する。According to the present invention, a desired substantially uniform and regular convex bulge provided on the light-transmitting substrate and a surface coloring is provided on at least one side of the entire peripheral surface of the convex bulge. A layer is formed by layering, thereby suppressing the surface direct reflection light in addition to the coloring effect, and preventing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency by reducing the reflectance of the light receiving surface of the substrate. It is easy to remove dust and the like, and the power generation efficiency does not decrease even after long-term outdoor exposure. Further, the module itself can be manufactured at a low cost, can be manufactured stably, can be reduced in maintenance costs, and has an effect of satisfying sufficient practicality as well as a color harmony in appearance as a building member.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例を
示す要部断面説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a main part of an embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【符号の説明】 １ 太陽電池モジュ−ル ２ 表面 ３ 凸状膨隆部 ４ 透光性基板 ５ メッキ層 ６ 導電性基体 ７ 絶縁保護層 ８ 裏面被覆材 ９ 凸部 １０ 頂点中心垂直線 １１ 片側周面 １２ 表面彩色層 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
[Description of Signs] 1 Solar cell module 2 Surface 3 Convex bulge 4 Translucent substrate 5 Plating layer 6 Conductive substrate 7 Insulation protective layer 8 Back surface coating material 9 Convex portion 10 Vertex center vertical line 11 One side peripheral surface 12 Surface coloring layer ────────────────────────────────────────────── ───────
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１２年２月８日（２０００．２．８）[Submission Date] February 8, 2000 (200.2.8)
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【書類名】 明細書[Document Name] Statement
【発明の名称】 太陽電池モジュ−ル[Title of the Invention] Solar cell module
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は太陽電池モジュ−ルに関
し、特に設備コストが低廉で、光の反射防止並びに着色
による透過率を少なくし、長期間モジュ−ルの発電性能
を安定的に維持できる太陽電池モジュ−ルに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell module, and more particularly to a solar cell module which has a low equipment cost, prevents light reflection and reduces the transmittance due to coloring, and stably maintains the power generation performance of the module for a long time. The present invention relates to a solar cell module that can be used.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、太陽電池モジュ−ルは地球環境保
全の立場からも排気ガス、放射線等の公害を発生するこ
とのないクリ−ンなエネルギ−源として注目されてい
る。これらの太陽電池モジュ−ルでは、使用素材が環境
保全上殆ど影響がない、エネルギ−変換率が高い、発電
特性が安定している等の為、シリコン太陽電池が一般的
に使用されている。このようなシリコン太陽電池として
は、例えば単結晶シリコン基板の表面にｎ型の拡散層を
形成し、電極を形成した後、反射防止膜を形成すること
によって得られる単結晶シリコン太陽電池がよく知られ
ている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, solar cell modules have been attracting attention as a clean energy source that does not generate pollution such as exhaust gas and radiation from the standpoint of global environmental protection. In these solar cell modules, silicon solar cells are generally used because the materials used have little effect on environmental protection, the energy conversion rate is high, and the power generation characteristics are stable. As such a silicon solar cell, for example, a single-crystal silicon solar cell obtained by forming an n-type diffusion layer on the surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate, forming an electrode, and then forming an antireflection film is well known. Have been.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の単結晶シリコン
太陽電池においては、単結晶シリコン基板を用いるとコ
ストが高くなる難点がある。この為、単結晶シリコン基
板に代えて低コストの異種基板を用い、その上に例えば
Ｓｉの薄膜を成膜する等の提案がなされている。しか
し、上記Ｓｉを必要な厚さまで成膜すると、基板と熱膨
張係数が大きく異なるため基板にそりを生じて歩留りが
劣り、さらに電気特性が悪くなる。このように該基板に
代えた種々の提案がなされているが、製作上構造が複雑
化のほか、いずれにしても単結晶シリコン太陽電池に比
しエネルギ−変換率の低下を免れない欠点があり、設備
費及び製造コスト低減と併せ、その改良が強く望まれて
いる。In the above-mentioned single-crystal silicon solar cell, the use of a single-crystal silicon substrate has a disadvantage that the cost is increased. For this reason, it has been proposed to use a low-cost heterogeneous substrate instead of a single-crystal silicon substrate and form a thin film of, for example, Si thereon. However, when the above-mentioned Si is formed to a required thickness, the substrate has a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient, so that the substrate is warped and the yield is inferior, and the electric characteristics are further deteriorated. Although various proposals have been made in place of the substrate as described above, there are drawbacks in that the structure is complicated in manufacturing and, in any case, the energy conversion rate is inevitably lower than that of the single crystal silicon solar cell. There is a strong demand for improvements in addition to reductions in equipment costs and manufacturing costs.
【０００４】また、太陽電池モジュ−ルは建物の屋上の
屋根等の屋外に設置されるが、近年乱反射による光公害
の防止抑制、或いはその対応での光透過率の逓減が問題
点となっている。さらに屋外暴露のため使用中に雨水の
滞留や塵埃等が堆積し易い点が難点となっており、特に
最表面被覆材に樹脂フィルム等を使用した太陽電池モジ
ュ−ルでは使用中に表面に付着、堆積したした汚れはあ
る程度除去されるが、自然条件による汚れの落ちる程度
もガラスに比べても劣り、雨、雪、風等の自然環境によ
り雨水の滞留や汚れが付着又は堆積し易いという難点が
あり、表面被覆材の透明度が低下し光起電力素子に到達
する入射光は低下し、光起電力の低下が起こる難点があ
った。[0004] In addition, solar cell modules are installed outdoors such as on the roof of a building. In recent years, however, prevention and suppression of light pollution due to irregular reflection, or a gradual decrease in light transmittance in response thereto have become problems. I have. Another drawback is that rainwater stays and dust easily accumulates during use due to outdoor exposure, especially on solar cell modules that use a resin film or the like as the outermost coating material. The accumulated dirt is removed to some extent, but the degree of dirt falling due to natural conditions is also inferior to glass, and it is difficult for rainwater to accumulate or accumulate dirt due to the natural environment such as rain, snow, wind, etc. There is a problem that the transparency of the surface coating material is reduced, the incident light reaching the photovoltaic element is reduced, and the photovoltaic power is reduced.
【０００５】上記最表面被覆材として、樹脂フィルムを
用いるとき、その表面は平滑であるため、その平滑な表
面に平行に近い角度で入射する光は臨界角を越えると全
反射され、太陽電池の光起電力素子にまで光が入光しな
くなる為、十分な起電力を発生することは出来なくな
る。また、屋根の屋上や壁面等に設置するような場合、
太陽電池モジュ−ルは角度によっては、反射光が他の住
宅等にも届くため人々が眩しく不快に感じるといった問
題も発生することがある。さらに長期間の屋外暴露によ
り被覆材の熱膨張や熱収縮の反復により表面に皺が発生
することがあり、外観視認上も美感が損なわれる。When a resin film is used as the outermost surface coating material, the surface is smooth, so that light incident on the smooth surface at an angle close to parallel is totally reflected when the angle exceeds the critical angle, and the solar cell is used. Since light does not enter the photovoltaic element, sufficient electromotive force cannot be generated. Also, when installing on the rooftop or wall of a roof,
Depending on the angle of the solar cell module, the reflected light reaches other houses or the like, so that there may be a problem that people feel dazzling and uncomfortable. In addition, wrinkles may occur on the surface due to repeated thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage of the coating material due to long-term outdoor exposure, which impairs the aesthetic appearance.
【０００６】このような欠点を解決する為、例えば、特
開平９−１９１１１５号公報には、光起電力素子の光入
射側表面が透明有機高分子樹脂層とそれに接してその外
側の最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の２層以上の被
覆材により被覆された太陽電池モジュ−ルにおいて、被
覆材の表面に複数の凹凸が形成され該凹凸のピッチ、高
さや、溝の長さ、線径についての開示がなされている。
また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公報には、研削面に断
面が略Ｖ字状またはＵ字状の刃を揺するホイ−ル状のマ
チ刃砥石によって受光面に略Ｖ字状又はＵ字状の凹凸溝
を形成した基板を備えてなる太陽電池が開示されてい
る。さらに特開平９−１０２６２５号公報には、半導体
基板をドライエッチング装置内に搬入し、該装置内にマ
スク形成用ガスとエッチングガスを同時に導入して微小
な凹凸部を形成する太陽電池素子の製造方法の提案があ
る。In order to solve such a drawback, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115 discloses that the light incident side surface of a photovoltaic element is in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer and the outermost surface thereof. In a solar cell module covered with two or more transparent surface protective film layers, a plurality of irregularities are formed on the surface of the covering material, and the pitch, height, groove length, and wire diameter of the irregularities are formed. Has been disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603 discloses that a light-receiving surface is formed in a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped by means of a wheel-shaped gusset blade that swings a blade having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross section on a ground surface. A solar cell including a substrate having an uneven groove is disclosed. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-102625 discloses a method of manufacturing a solar cell element in which a semiconductor substrate is carried into a dry etching apparatus, and a gas for forming a mask and an etching gas are simultaneously introduced into the apparatus to form minute uneven portions. There is a method suggestion.
【０００７】しかし、上記特開平９−１９１１１５号公
報では、光起電力素子の光入射表面が、透明有機高分子
樹脂層とそれに接してその外側の最表面に透明な表面保
護フィルムの２層以上の被覆材に被覆した構成であり、
表面直接反射光が少なく、しわが入りにくく、汚れが落
ち易い等であるが、光起電力素子の光入射側に繊維状無
機化合物を含浸した透明有機高分子樹脂層と、それに接
して外側最表面に透明な表面保護フィルム層の少なくと
も２層以上の被覆材の為、構成も複雑で材料及び製造コ
スト高につながる。また、特開平９−１４８６０３号公
報では、基板の光反射率低減のための溝加工を多数の刃
を有する幅の広いマルチ刃砥石を使用した加工であり、
基板を研削するための工作機械を必要とし、規則的な溝
を形成する加工、並びに量産性が確保されなければコス
ト高は避けられない難点がある。さらに、特開平９−１
０２６２５号公報では、製造工程を簡略化し、半導体の
全面を均一にエッチングできるとしても、製造装置コス
トが高く、使用ガスの流量管理等を必要とする。However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-191115, the light incident surface of the photovoltaic element has two or more transparent organic polymer resin layers and a transparent surface protective film on the outermost surface in contact with the transparent organic polymer resin layer. It is a configuration covered with a coating material of
The surface direct reflection light is small, wrinkles are not easily formed, and dirt is easy to remove.However, a transparent organic polymer resin layer impregnated with a fibrous inorganic compound is Since the coating material has at least two or more surface protective film layers transparent on the surface, the structure is complicated and the material and the production cost are increased. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-148603, groove processing for reducing the light reflectance of a substrate is performed using a wide multi-blade grindstone having a large number of blades.
A machine tool for grinding a substrate is required, and there is a disadvantage that high cost cannot be avoided unless processing for forming regular grooves and mass productivity are secured. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-1
In Japanese Patent No. 02625, even if the manufacturing process is simplified and the entire surface of the semiconductor can be uniformly etched, the cost of the manufacturing apparatus is high and the flow rate of the gas used needs to be controlled.
【０００８】上記の問題点を解決する為、出願人は、平
成９年特許願第２６４８２２号において、透明フロ−ト
ガラスの表面にセラミックス・インキを用いてスクリ−
ン印刷法により凹凸膨隆部が形成され、該凹凸の相互間
の凹凸ピッチ及び凹凸の高さを所望設定の略均整かつ規
則的に形成せしめた透光性基板と、該基板と接した裏面
に光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電性基体と、
さらに背面には裏面被覆材からなる絶縁保護層とから形
成された太陽電池モジュ−ルを提案している。[0008] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the applicant has disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 264822/1997 a screen using ceramic ink on the surface of transparent float glass.
An uneven bulging portion is formed by an imprinting method, and a light-transmitting substrate in which the uneven pitch and the height of the unevenness between the unevenness are formed substantially uniformly and regularly at a desired setting, and on the back surface in contact with the substrate. A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element,
Further, a solar cell module formed on the back surface with an insulating protective layer made of a back cover material has been proposed.
【０００９】しかしながら、上記提案の太陽電池モジュ
−ルについて検討の結果、さらに乱反射による光の反射
公害が発生する点を防止することが望ましい点、ならび
に着色による光透過率の低下をできるだけ少なくする
点、並びに建築物の外観の美化および色彩によるデザイ
ン化、装飾効果、さらに風雨に曝され埃等が堆積が少な
い太陽電池モジュ−ルの構成の如き改善が望まれること
に着目した。However, as a result of a study on the solar cell module proposed above, it is desirable to prevent the occurrence of light reflection pollution due to irregular reflection, and to minimize the decrease in light transmittance due to coloring. In addition, attention has been paid to the need for improvements such as the improvement of the appearance of buildings and the design and decoration effects by colors, and the structure of solar cell modules that are exposed to the wind and rain and have less accumulation of dust and the like.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題点を
解決するために鋭意検討の結果なされたものである。 （１）透光性基板は、透明フロ−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−
製法による透明硝子板の表面に、セラミックス・インキ
を用いてスクリ−ン印刷法により凸状膨隆部が形成さ
れ、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸ピッチ及び凸部の高さを
所望設定の略均整、かつ規則的に形成せしめた構成より
なる。また、凸状膨隆部はスクリ−ン印刷法により、ス
トライプ、チェック、ドット形状または図柄、模様状の
色彩との組み合わせからなる外観上のデザイン、或いは
美化と併せ、雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くす
る為の誘導刻溝が形成され、かつ凸状膨隆部は複数の凸
状膨隆部を有し、少なくとも凸状膨隆部相互間のピッチ
が５０μｍ〜５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さが
１０μｍ〜１００μｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍ
からなる所望設定の範囲に形成せしめた構成よりなる。 （２）本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部の少なくとも頂
点中心垂直線のいずれか一方の片側周面に着色セラミッ
クス・インキを用いて表面彩色層が層着され、他方の片
側周面の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成よりな
る。 （３）上記透光性基板と接した面には、電流を効率よく
集電するため光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電
性基体が形成されている。 （４）さらに、背面には、光起電力素子の導電性基板と
外部との電気的絶縁を保つ為、十分な電気絶縁性を確保
でき、しかも長期耐久性に優れ、熱膨張或いは熱収縮に
耐え得る絶縁保護層からなる裏面被覆材を設けた構成と
したものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems. (1) The translucent substrate is made by a transparent float process or a roller.
A convex bulge is formed on the surface of the transparent glass plate by a screen printing method using ceramics ink, and the convex pitch and the height of the convex between the convex bulges are set to desired values. It has a substantially uniform and regularly formed configuration. In addition, the convex bulges are formed by a screen printing method to guide the flow of rainwater, dust, etc., in combination with the appearance design consisting of a combination of stripes, checks, dot shapes or patterns and patterns, or beautification. A guide groove for facilitating removal is formed, and the convex bulge has a plurality of convex bulges, at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 50 μm to 5000 μm and a height of the convex. Is 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm
Is formed in a desired setting range. (2) In the present invention, a surface coloring layer is formed on at least one peripheral surface of at least one vertex center vertical line of the convex bulging portion using a colored ceramic ink, and the other one peripheral surface is exposed. It has a configuration in which light transmittance is left. (3) A conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate in order to efficiently collect current. (4) Further, on the back surface, sufficient electrical insulation can be ensured to maintain electrical insulation between the conductive substrate of the photovoltaic element and the outside, and furthermore, it has excellent long-term durability and is resistant to thermal expansion or thermal contraction. This is a configuration in which a back surface covering material made of a durable insulating protective layer is provided.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルは、
上述した構成を基本とし、以下に述べるような構成態様
を包含しており、それによって顕著な作用を奏するもの
である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The solar cell module of the present invention comprises:
Based on the above-described configuration, the present invention includes the following configuration modes, and thereby has a remarkable effect.
【００１２】本発明に使用する透光性基板は、透明フロ
−ト製法或いはロ−ラ−製法よりなる少なくとも透光性
を有する透明或いは半透明硝子からなる光を透過する板
状体であり、無色透明、或いは必要により有色透明ガラ
ス板や合成樹脂板等を用いることができる。また、光透
過性に優れると共に、飛砂や降雹等に耐える硬度と風圧
に対する強度が必要で、３〜４ｍｍの厚さが適当であ
る。The light-transmitting substrate used in the present invention is a plate made of a transparent or translucent glass having at least a light-transmitting property, which is formed by a transparent float method or a roller method, and is transparent. A colorless and transparent, or a colored and transparent glass plate, a synthetic resin plate or the like can be used if necessary. Further, it is required to have excellent light transmittance, hardness to withstand flying sand and hail, and strength against wind pressure, and a thickness of 3 to 4 mm is appropriate.
【００１３】上記透光性基板の光入射面側の表面には、
セラミックス・インキを用い、スクリ−ン印刷法により
凸状膨隆部が形成されるが、該凸状膨隆部の相互間の凸
部ピッチ及び凸部の高さを所望設定の略均整、かつ規則
的に形成せしめた構成となっている。また該凸状膨隆部
はスクリ−ン印刷法により、ストライプ、チェック或い
はドット形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれか
によりに形成される。該透光性基板には、複数の凹凸膨
隆部を有し、少なくとも凸部膨隆部相互間のピッチが５
０μｍ〜５０００μｍであると共に、凸部の高さ１０〜
１００μｍ、好ましくは３０μｍ〜８０μｍからなる所
望設定の範囲に形成せしめるが、上記範囲の条件を満た
すスクリ−ンのメッシュ及びストライプ、チェック、ド
ットのいずれかの形状の選択並びに組み合わせにより、
たとえば通常３００メッシュ以下、適宜には８０〜２０
０メッシュのスクリ−ンを使用することにより、所望の
設定範囲に合致する凸状膨隆部を形成せしめることがで
きる。[0013] On the light incident surface side surface of the translucent substrate,
The convex ridges are formed by a screen printing method using a ceramic ink, and the pitch between the convex ridges and the height of the convex portions between the convex ridges are substantially equalized and regularly set as desired. It is configured to be formed as follows. The convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method in a stripe, check or dot shape or any one selected from designs and patterns. The translucent substrate has a plurality of uneven bulges, and at least a pitch between the convex bulges is 5.
0 μm to 5000 μm, and the height of the projection is 10 to 10 μm.
It is formed in a desired range of 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 80 μm, but by selecting and combining any shape of a screen mesh and stripe, check, or dot satisfying the above range conditions.
For example, usually 300 mesh or less, suitably 80 to 20
By using a zero mesh screen, it is possible to form a convex bulge that matches a desired setting range.
【００１４】また、透光性基板は、光学的に透明である
条件を満たしていると共に、光透過性だけでなく長期間
の屋外暴露にでの光入射面側の汚れの付着、堆積並びに
耐候性、耐湿性や火災に対する耐火性、難燃性等の条件
を満たすことが必要である。特に、本発明で複数の凸状
膨隆部を形成せしめた透光性基板の場合、該凸状膨隆部
の存在によって表面反射を低減させる効果を期待できる
が、一方、長期間の屋外使用に際し、汚れの付着、堆積
の防止、ならびに汚れの落ち易さ等と併せて外観上の欠
陥を抑制することが望まれる。このため、本発明におい
ては、長期間屋外暴露の条件により受光面の汚れ防止な
いし汚れが付着しても落ち易い多機能性を備えた表面被
覆材を使用することができる。例えば、例えばマイナス
静電気の電場を形成する作用を発揮するトルマリン鉱石
の粉粒体を混練したセラミックス・インキを用い、これ
ら汚れ防止等の機能を発揮し得る構成とすることができ
る。具体的には、平均粒径０．１μｍ〜０．５ｍｍのト
ルマリン鉱石を少なくとも５〜１５重量％含有せしめる
ことにより、汚れ防止並びに付着した汚れも風雪、降雹
等の自然条件等にも起因し落ち易い構成とすることがで
きる。Further, the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent, and is not only light-transmitting, but also adheres, accumulates and accumulates dirt on the light incident surface side during long-term outdoor exposure. It is necessary to satisfy conditions such as heat resistance, moisture resistance, fire resistance against fire, and flame retardancy. In particular, in the case of a light-transmitting substrate formed with a plurality of convex ridges according to the present invention, the effect of reducing surface reflection can be expected due to the presence of the convex ridges. It is desired to prevent appearance defects in addition to the prevention of adhesion and accumulation of dirt and the ease with which dirt is removed. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to use a surface covering material having multi-functionality that prevents the light receiving surface from being stained or that is easily removed even if stains adhere to the light receiving surface due to long-term outdoor exposure conditions. For example, it is possible to use a ceramic ink obtained by kneading a powder of tourmaline ore, which exerts an action of forming an electric field of negative static electricity, for example, and to have a configuration capable of exhibiting the functions of preventing such contamination. More specifically, by containing at least 5 to 15% by weight of tourmaline ore having an average particle size of 0.1 μm to 0.5 mm, dirt is prevented and adhered dirt is also removed due to natural conditions such as wind, snow and hail. An easy configuration can be obtained.
【００１５】また、本発明において、前記凸状膨隆部を
スクリ−ン印刷法で形成する際、スライプ、チェック、
ドット形状、または図柄、模様状の色彩との組み合わせ
からなる外観上のデザイン或いは美化と共に、自然環境
下での雨水、塵埃等の流れを導き取り除き易くする為の
凸部の固着形成により、雨の水や細かい塵埃等が傾斜状
の表面被覆材に誘導刻溝を設けた構成とする。Further, in the present invention, when the convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method, it is possible to remove
Along with the appearance design or beautification consisting of a combination of dot shapes, designs, and pattern colors, the formation of projections to facilitate the removal and flow of rainwater, dust, etc. under natural environments, The guide groove is provided on the inclined surface coating material for water or fine dust.
【００１６】上記のような透光性基板の構成態様によ
り、必要な光透過性が確保されると共に、表面の直接反
射光を少なくし集光率の向上並びに受光面の反射率を下
げて、長期間の使用においても、誘導刻溝を設けた雨水
を導き易く塵埃等の堆積を少なくした構成とし、太陽電
池モジュ−ルの光電変換効率の低下を防止する。According to the configuration of the light-transmitting substrate as described above, necessary light transmittance is ensured, and the direct reflection light on the surface is reduced to improve the light-collecting efficiency and reduce the reflectance of the light-receiving surface. Even when used for a long period of time, the guide groove is provided so that the rainwater can be easily guided to reduce the accumulation of dust and the like, thereby preventing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.
【００１７】本発明において、透光性基板は光学的に透
明である条件を満たしていることは当然であるが、必要
により上記複数の凸状膨隆部を、風雪、降雹等の屋外暴
露を避け、光入射面側でない透光性基板の裏面側に、同
様にセラミックス・インキを用いて凸状膨隆部を形成せ
しめた構成とすることもできる。In the present invention, it is natural that the light-transmitting substrate satisfies the condition of being optically transparent. However, if necessary, the plurality of convex bulges may be protected from outdoor exposure to wind, snow and hail. Alternatively, a convex bulge may be formed on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate other than the light incident surface by using ceramic ink.
【００１８】次に、透光性基板と接した面には、電流を
効率よく集電する為の光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設
けた導電性基体が形成されており、製造工程並びに品質
管理上も極めて製造簡易で且つモジュ−ルの発電性能を
安定的に維持することができる。該メッキ層は、透光性
基板と接した裏面に光起電力素子となるメッキ層として
形成されるが、この電極形成は従来広く採用されている
真空蒸着法、スパッタ法、スプレ−法、常圧ＣＶＤ法そ
の他適当な方法を用い形成することができる。メッキ層
の材料としては、フッ素含有酸化銅、アンチモン含有酸
化錫、錫含有酸化インジウム等の電気伝導性の良好な透
明金属酸化物を使用することができる。Next, a conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element for efficiently collecting current is formed on the surface in contact with the light-transmitting substrate. In terms of management, the production is extremely simple and the power generation performance of the module can be stably maintained. The plating layer is formed on the back surface in contact with the translucent substrate as a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element. This electrode is formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a spray method, a conventional method widely used in the past. It can be formed by a pressure CVD method or another appropriate method. As a material for the plating layer, a transparent metal oxide having good electric conductivity such as fluorine-containing copper oxide, antimony-containing tin oxide, and tin-containing indium oxide can be used.
【００１９】さらに、導導電性基体の背面には、絶縁保
護層からなる裏面被覆材が形成されるが、該被覆材とし
ては、電気的絶縁を保つために必要であり、材料として
は、十分な電気絶縁性を確保でき、長期間耐久性に優れ
熱膨張、熱収縮に耐え、柔軟性を備えることが望まし
く、ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト、ポリカ
−ボネ−ト等が好適に用いられる。Further, a back surface covering material made of an insulating protective layer is formed on the back surface of the conductive substrate, and the covering material is necessary to maintain electrical insulation, and is sufficient in material. It is desirable to ensure excellent electrical insulation, to have excellent durability for a long time, to withstand thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage, and to have flexibility. Polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and the like are preferably used.
【００２０】本発明において、透明とは分光光度計によ
る可視光線透過率が８０％以上である場合をいい、光起
電力素子に到達する光量の減少をできるだけ抑える為に
表面被覆材は透明でなくてはならず、光透過率では３０
０〜２１００ｎｍの領域であって、たとえば結晶系太陽
電池では４００〜１２００ｎｍ、薄膜系では３００〜８
００ｎｍの範囲で可及的高い透過率が好ましく、４００
〜７００ｎｍまでの可視光波長領域で８０％以上が望ま
しく、さらに好ましくは、９０％以上である。また、建
物の屋上等に設置した場合、大気からの光の入射を容易
にするために、２５℃における屈折率が１．１〜２．０
の領域であることが好ましい。In the present invention, the term "transparent" means that the visible light transmittance of the spectrophotometer is 80% or more. In order to minimize the decrease in the amount of light reaching the photovoltaic element, the surface coating material is not transparent. The light transmittance is 30
0 to 2100 nm, for example, 400 to 1200 nm for a crystalline solar cell, and 300 to 8 for a thin film system.
A transmission as high as possible in the range of 00 nm is preferred,
It is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, in the visible light wavelength region from to 700 nm. When installed on the roof of a building or the like, the refractive index at 25 ° C. is 1.1 to 2.0 in order to facilitate the incidence of light from the atmosphere.
It is preferable that it is the area | region of.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。図１は、本発明の太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例
を示すもので断面を示す説明図であり、太陽電池モジュ
−ル１は、厚さ３ｍｍの無色透明なフロ−ト硝子（白板
ガラス）の表面２に、セラミックス・インキを用い、３
５０メッシュのスクリ−ンによりスクリ−ン印刷法で複
数の凸状膨隆部３を形成した透光性基板４が形成された
構成となっている。該透光性基板４の表面２に設けた凸
状膨隆部３は、凸部９の相互間のピッチが略５０〜５０
００μｍ、凸部９の高さを略３０〜８０μｍに形成した
ものであり、前記凸状膨隆部３は、透光性基板４の表面
２に略均整かつ規則的に所望のストライプ、チェック或
いはドット形状または図柄、模様状より選ばれたいずれ
かによりに形成された構成とする。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention and showing a cross section. The solar cell module 1 is a colorless and transparent float glass (white plate glass) having a thickness of 3 mm. 3) Using ceramic ink on the surface 2 of 3)
A translucent substrate 4 having a plurality of convex bulges 3 formed by a screen printing method using a 50-mesh screen is formed. The convex bulging portion 3 provided on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 has a pitch between the convex portions 9 of about 50 to 50.
The convex bulging portion 3 is formed on the surface 2 of the light-transmitting substrate 4 in a substantially uniform and regular manner with a desired stripe, check or dot. A configuration formed by any one selected from a shape, a pattern, and a pattern shape.
【００２２】上記図１に示す凸状膨隆部３では、図２の
該凸状膨隆部３の一部拡大断面説明図のとおり、該凸状
膨隆部３の少なくとも頂点中心垂直線１０のいずれか一
方の片側周面１１に着色セラミックス・インキを用いて
表面彩色層１２が凹版によるグラビア方式等のパット印
刷又はスクリ−ン印刷により層着され、他方の片側周面
１３の露出部分に光透過性を残存せしめた構成とする。
このような構成において、該凸状膨隆部３の表面彩色層
１２を層着しない片側周面１１と、これに連接する透光
性基板４の表面２に、光入射並びに光屈折手段を有効に
連結し得る無着色の透明領域がつながり光透過性効果を
期待できる。In the convex bulge 3 shown in FIG. 1, as shown in a partially enlarged sectional explanatory view of the convex bulge 3 in FIG. A surface coloring layer 12 is coated on one of the peripheral surfaces 11 by using a colored ceramic ink by pad printing or screen printing such as a gravure method using an intaglio printing plate, and light is transmitted to an exposed portion of the other peripheral surface 13 on the other side. Is left.
In such a configuration, light incident and light refracting means can be effectively applied to one peripheral surface 11 of the convex bulge 3 on which the surface coloring layer 12 is not layered and the surface 2 of the light transmitting substrate 4 connected thereto. The uncolored transparent regions that can be connected are connected, and a light transmissive effect can be expected.
【００２３】図３は別実施例であり、その構成は頂点中
心垂直線１０のいずれか一方の片側周面１１のうち、頂
点中心垂直線１０及び／又は透光性基板４の表面２より
稍間隔を設けた表面彩色層１２を形成せしめた構成とす
ることができ、これにより光透過率の逓減を抑制したも
のである。また、図２及び図３において、屈折の法則に
従って或る屈折角で入射し入射光Ａは凸部膨隆部３に入
射すると、屈折して反射面の近くに焦点を結び、反射光
Ｂとして視認され、該膨隆部３の屈折率、均質性、表面
状態に左右される。このように本発明では、光透過率か
らみても、稍光透過率の低下を余儀なくされるが、光反
射の抑制と併せ彩色効果を図るものであるから、全体に
どの様な色彩を壁面および屋根に調和して表現すること
ができるが、その際上記図３に示すような表面彩色層１
２を組み合わせた所望の構成とすることができる。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the configuration is slightly different from the vertex center vertical line 10 and / or the surface 2 of the translucent substrate 4 in one of the peripheral surfaces 11 on one side of the vertex center vertical line 10. A configuration in which the surface coloring layers 12 with intervals are formed can be adopted, thereby suppressing a decrease in light transmittance. 2 and 3, incident light A is incident at a certain refraction angle in accordance with the law of refraction, and when incident on the convex bulge 3, the light is refracted to focus near the reflecting surface and is visually recognized as reflected light B. It depends on the refractive index, homogeneity and surface condition of the bulge 3. As described above, in the present invention, the light transmittance is slightly reduced from the viewpoint of the light transmittance. However, since the coloring effect is achieved together with the suppression of the light reflection, any color can be applied to the wall surface and the entire surface. It can be expressed in harmony with the roof, in which case the surface coloring layer 1 as shown in FIG.
2 can be obtained as a desired configuration.
【００２４】更に図１に示す如く、該透光性基板４の裏
面側には光起電力素子となるメッキ層５を設けた導電性
基体６が設けられており、その背面側には絶縁保護層７
からなる裏面被覆材８が形成され、これらが一体的に層
着された構成となっている。Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a conductive substrate 6 provided with a plating layer 5 serving as a photovoltaic element is provided on the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate 4, and an insulating protective material is provided on the back surface thereof. Layer 7
Is formed, and these are integrally layered.
【００２５】本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルは、従来
の普及型である高価なシリコン太陽電池モジュ−ルに比
し、代替型の形式としてモジュ−ルの発電性能の数値そ
のものの低下は免れない。しかし少なくとも本発明の構
成によれば、モジュ−ル自体のコスト及び維持管理費が
低廉である。また、本発明の構成では、硝子に所望の彩
色を施す構成の場合、一般的には光透過率の低下を抑制
し、見る方向によって色彩を顕現でき、さらに光屈折率
による効果、或いは乱反射により色彩が同じ色調に観察
され易い等の効果を期待するものである。この為、所望
の光透過率が設定される構成とし、その光透過率の数値
を略維持し、長期間の屋外暴露においても、雨水、塵埃
等を除去し易く、数値低下を防止でき、建築部材として
外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分な実用性を満たす太陽
電池モジュ−ルが得られる。これにより太陽電池モジュ
−ル自体のコスト低廉化ができ、また透光性基板４の表
面又は裏面に形成した該凸状膨隆部３及びその表面層の
片側周面に層着した表面彩色層１２の組み合わせによ
り、光透過率の低下を抑制或いは光の集光量が増し光入
射面側の乱反射や表面反射を防止することができるよう
に働く。The solar cell module according to the present invention, as a substitute type, does not suffer from a decrease in the numerical value of the power generation performance of the module as an alternative type compared to the conventional and popular expensive silicon solar cell module. Absent. However, at least according to the configuration of the present invention, the cost of the module itself and the maintenance cost are low. In addition, in the configuration of the present invention, in the case of applying a desired coloring to glass, generally, a decrease in light transmittance is suppressed, and a color can be manifested depending on a viewing direction. This is expected to have an effect that colors are easily observed in the same color tone. For this reason, a configuration in which a desired light transmittance is set, the numerical value of the light transmittance is substantially maintained, and rainwater, dust and the like can be easily removed even during long-term outdoor exposure, and a decrease in the numerical value can be prevented. As a member, a solar cell module that satisfies sufficient practicability in addition to color harmony in appearance can be obtained. As a result, the cost of the solar cell module itself can be reduced, and the convex bulging portion 3 formed on the front surface or the back surface of the light-transmitting substrate 4 and the surface coloring layer 12 adhered to one peripheral surface of the surface layer. The combination of (1) suppresses a decrease in light transmittance or increases the amount of light condensed, thereby preventing irregular reflection and surface reflection on the light incident surface side.
【００２６】なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定され
るものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計
変更等は本発明に含まれる。It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and design changes and the like within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、透光性基板に所望設定
の略均整かつ規則的な凸状膨隆部を設け、該膨隆部の凸
部の一方の片側周面には表面彩色層が層着形成され、こ
れによって彩色効果と併せ表面直接反射光を抑制し、か
つ基板の受光面の反射率を下げて光電変換効率の低下を
防止する。また、該膨隆部の形成により雨水、塵埃等を
除去し易く、長期間の屋外暴露でも発電効率が低下しな
い。さらに、モジュ−ル自体のコスト低廉で、安定した
製作が可能であり、維持管理コストを低減でき、建築部
材として外観上の色彩調和感と併せ、十分な実用性を満
たす効果を奏する。According to the present invention, a substantially uniform and regular convex bulge is provided on a light-transmitting substrate, and a surface coloring layer is formed on one peripheral surface of one of the convexes of the bulge. Layering is performed, whereby the direct reflection light on the surface is suppressed together with the coloring effect, and the reflectance of the light receiving surface of the substrate is reduced to prevent a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, the formation of the bulging portion makes it easy to remove rainwater, dust, and the like, and the power generation efficiency does not decrease even when exposed outdoors for a long period of time. Further, the module itself can be manufactured at a low cost, can be manufactured stably, can be reduced in maintenance costs, and has an effect of satisfying sufficient practicality as well as a color harmony in appearance as a building member.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明に係る太陽電池モジュ−ルの一実施例を
示す要部断面説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a main part of an embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の別実施例を示す要部断面説明図であ
る。FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【符号の説明】 １ 太陽電池モジュ−ル ２ 表面 ３ 凸状膨隆部 ４ 透光性基板 ５ メッキ層 ６ 導電性基体 ７ 絶縁保護層 ８ 裏面被覆材 ９ 凸部 １０ 頂点中心垂直線 １１ 片側周面 １２ 表面彩色層[Description of Signs] 1 Solar cell module 2 Surface 3 Convex bulge 4 Translucent substrate 5 Plating layer 6 Conductive substrate 7 Insulating protective layer 8 Back cover material 9 Convex part 10 Vertex center vertical line 11 One side peripheral surface 12 Surface coloring layer
Claims (3)
なる基体表面にセラミックス・インキを用いて、スクリ
−ン印刷法により凸状膨隆部が形成され、該凸状膨隆部
の凸部ピッチ及び凸部の高さを所望設定の略均整かつ規
則的に形成せしめた透光性基板と、該基板と接した裏面
には光起電力素子となるメッキ層を設けた導電性基体
と、さらに背面には裏面被覆材からなる絶縁保護層とか
ら形成された太陽電池モジュ−ルにおいて、該凸状膨隆
部の少なくとも頂点中心垂直線のいずれか一方の片側周
面に着色セラミックス・インキを用いて表面彩色層が層
着され、他方の片側周面の露出部分に光透過性を残存せ
しめた構成からなることを特徴とする太陽電池モジュ−
ル。1. A convex bulge is formed by a screen printing method using a ceramic ink on at least the surface of a base made of a glass material having translucency, and the convex pitch and convex of the convex bulge are formed. A light-transmitting substrate in which the heights of the portions are substantially uniformly and regularly formed at a desired setting, a conductive substrate provided with a plating layer serving as a photovoltaic element on the back surface in contact with the substrate, and further on the back surface. In the solar cell module formed from an insulating protective layer made of a back surface coating material, at least one peripheral surface of at least one of the apex center vertical lines of the convex bulge is colored using a colored ceramics ink. A solar cell module having a structure in which a layer is layered and light transmittance is left in an exposed portion of the other one peripheral surface.
Le.
ク、ドット形状または図柄、模様状であって、かつ誘導
刻溝が形成されてなる請求項１記載の太陽電池モジュ−
ル。2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the convex bulge has a stripe, a check, a dot shape or a pattern or a pattern, and is formed with a guide groove.
Le.
表面彩色層を該膨隆部の全周面に層着されてなる請求項
１又は２記載の太陽電池モジュ−ル。3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein a surface coloring layer using the colored ceramic ink is layered on the entire peripheral surface of the bulge.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10376319A JP3049238B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | Solar cell module |
| JP2000044010A JP3482370B2 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-02-22 | Solar cell module |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10376319A JP3049238B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | Solar cell module |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000044010A Division JP3482370B2 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-02-22 | Solar cell module |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP3049238B1 JP3049238B1 (en) | 2000-06-05 |
| JP2000188411A true JP2000188411A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
Family
ID=18506944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10376319A Expired - Fee Related JP3049238B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | Solar cell module |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3049238B1 (en) |
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| WO2002021602A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-14 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Colored solar cell unit |
| JP2012033843A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-16 | Hino Jushi:Kk | Graphic solar cell and printing method thereof |
| JP2012134546A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-12 | Hino Jushi:Kk | Installation structure of solar cell panel |
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| US8835751B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 | 2014-09-16 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic module |
| JP2017097273A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Solar cell composite display body |
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| WO2002021602A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-14 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Colored solar cell unit |
| US8333040B2 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2012-12-18 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing elements and roofs using them |
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| JP2017184578A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Solar battery composite display body |
| JP2017184576A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Solar battery composite display body |
| CN111223946A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-06-02 | 陈彩惠 | Method for manufacturing pattern layer of solar panel and solar panel with pattern layer |
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