JP2000143201A - Production of hydrogen and oxygen by electromagnetic induction type magnetic decomposition of water using catalyst and producing device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously decompose water at a reaction temp. of <=150 deg.C. SOLUTION: A vertical cylindrical hydrothermal reactor has a structure of a reaction vessel constructed by combining an upper cap 3 adopting a ferromagnetic material, a drum body 5 adopting a non-magnetic material and a bottom vessel 4 adopting a ferromagnetic material to easily form magnetic field in the vertical direction in the vessel and water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by a catalyst rotating to cross the magnetic field.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing oxygen gas or hydrogen gas.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Hydrogen obtained by decomposing water is expected to be used not only in the chemical industry, semiconductor device manufacturing, metallurgy, food industry, etc., but also as a clean energy source in the future. I have. As for oxygen, dioxin generation has become a problem in recent years. There are many uses such as raw material gas.

In order to use oxygen and hydrogen industrially as an energy source or the like, it is essential that they can be continuously produced. As a conventional method of continuously producing oxygen and hydrogen,
Method obtained by electrolysis of water, methane gas and 700 ° C
Conventionally, a steam reforming method for obtaining only hydrogen by reacting steam heated to 800 ° C. and a method of decomposing water to oxygen and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as iron oxide at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher have been known. Are known.

[0004]

Among the above-mentioned production methods, the electrolysis method is disadvantageous in terms of cost to commercialize in a country where electricity rates are high, such as Japan. In addition, the steam reforming method that can select a heat source such as heavy oil that is more efficient than electric energy involves the high reaction temperature as described above and the emission of carbon dioxide that causes global warming,
Further, there is a disadvantage that the equipment becomes large-scale. Also, 10
A method in which steam is brought into contact with a catalyst such as iron oxide at a high temperature of 00 ° C. or more has the same problem as the steam reforming method.

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing oxygen gas or hydrogen gas obtained by separating oxygen or hydrogen in water molecules, respectively, according to the present invention.
A ferromagnetic stainless steel material such as SUS430 is used for the top lid and bottom container of a cylindrical reaction vessel that can be isolated from the atmosphere in a vertical position on the ground, and a non-magnetic stainless steel material such as SUS316 is used for the middle body. The main feature of the flange connection structure is that a magnetic field is easily formed in the vertical direction of the top and bottom in the reaction vessel, but it is difficult to form a magnetic field in any direction parallel to the ground. Second, a ferromagnetic material or a non-magnetic oxide material previously contacted with water is circularly moved along a vertical wall of the reaction vessel along a wall in the reaction vessel so as to cross a vertical magnetic field, and On the central axis, the rod-shaped conductor metal electrodes are arranged vertically in the vertical direction so as to be insulated from the material in contact with the water or the wall surface of the reaction vessel. Between the electrode and the reaction vessel,
The formation of an electric field has the following characteristics. For this reason, a thermodynamically extremely stable metal oxide such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) or ferric oxide (Fe2O3) is charged into the reaction vessel, and the center of the top and bottom of the top and bottom is heated under a heating atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere. When rotated around an axis, a weak electric field is generated between the reaction vessel and the electrode in the direction of the central axis due to Fleming's law of electromagnetism, strongly affected by the field in the specific direction of the vertical direction of the top and bottom. Therefore, it is considered that the powder of the nonmagnetic metal oxide contacted with water is ionized. When water is brought into contact with this powder, water molecules dissociate and an electric field penetrates between the powder particles, so that the electric field becomes slightly strong and active oxygen atoms are immediately separated from the metal oxide ( The oxygen gas is generated from the active oxygen atoms. By exhausting the generated oxygen gas, the metal oxide is converted to suboxide, and by further exhausting the oxygen gas, silicon monoxide (Si
When the generation ratio of suboxides such as O), titanium monoxide (TiO), and ferrous oxide (FeO) increases, these suboxides begin to be further converted to metal. As the generation ratio of these suboxides and metals increases, the generation reaction of the oxygen gas is suppressed, and the water molecules directly react with the suboxides and metals to decompose the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen to convert the hydrogen gas. Meanwhile, oxygen atoms in water molecules oxidize the suboxide and metal. By repeating such a chemical reaction, the generation rate of hydrogen gas becomes higher than the generation rate of oxygen gas.

Third, the present inventor has named a cylindrical reaction vessel having the above-mentioned features a hydrothermal reactor. In the vessel of the hydrothermal reactor, an external magnetic field is applied in the vertical direction of the top and bottom. It is easily considered that a strong magnetic field can be generated in the vertical direction in the hydrothermal reactor by winding a coil on the outside of this cylindrical container and applying current to the coil to make it an electromagnet. In this case, it is not necessary to employ a ferromagnetic material for the top lid and the bottom vessel of the hydrothermal reactor, and all may be made of a non-magnetic material. However,
In this case, unlike the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention, since the magnetic field penetrating the inside of the container in the vertical direction of the upside and downside for the same power consumption becomes weak, it is necessary to install a large electromagnet around the reaction container. Therefore, it is expected that there is a drawback that the device becomes large. In view of the above, the present inventor has set the outer part of the upper lid and the bottom container employing the ferromagnetic material according to claim 3 in the hydrothermal reaction container in order to increase the magnetic flux density in the vertical direction inside and outside the container. The third method was to use a structure in which a ferromagnetic material such as mild steel or pure iron was used, a coil was wound around the connection, a current was passed, and a magnetic field was efficiently generated as an electromagnet vertically above and below the inside of the container. This is the main feature of If necessary, the magnetic field in the vertical direction in the container may be reduced or the direction of the magnetic field may be reversed by reducing the value of the current flowing through the coil or by reversing the + or-polarity of the current. It is possible. In this case, since the entire container is magnetized, there is a problem of residual magnetization after use. In particular, the case where the body is remanently magnetized is a problem, and even when a magnetic field is applied between the upper lid and the bottom vessel, when the body of the vessel is magnetized, the magnetic flux generated by the upper lid and the bottom vessel causes the magnetic flux of the body of the vessel. It is considered that the tendency toward the magnetic pole becomes strong, and it becomes difficult to form a uniform magnetic field in the container, which may cause a reduction in chemical reaction rate such as decomposition of water. In order to eliminate the residual magnetization, it is generally possible to apply an alternating magnetic field in the vertical direction of the container and gradually weaken the magnetic field.
Further, in the hydrothermal reactor according to claim 5, the upper end and the lower end on the outside of the body are magnetically connected with a ferromagnetic material such as soft iron,
A coil is wound around the connection part to form an electromagnet, and the direction of the magnetic field generated in the container by the electromagnet is made to be the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated between the top lid and the bottom container, so that it is generated between the top lid and the bottom container. It is thought that the magnetic field generated in the vertical direction of the inner wall surface of the body part is pushed toward the center of the container, so that the magnetic flux density distribution in the radial direction inside the container will be more flattened or uniform overall. Can be Since the magnetic poles at the upper lid and the upper end of the body are the same, the closer the magnetic poles are, the more the lines of magnetic force cancel each other and the magnetic field decreases. By separating both magnetic poles via a non-magnetic or diamagnetic sealing material, the magnetic flux density at which the magnetic lines of force of both magnetic poles cancel each other can be reduced. The same is true for the bottom vessel and the magnetic poles at the bottom of the body.

In order to carry out the above reaction efficiently, the atmosphere pressure is set to 20 atm or less, the atmosphere temperature is set to 50 ° C. or more and 374 ° C. or less for the purpose of obtaining oxygen and hydrogen gases, 0.5 atm or more and 2 atm or less,
The ambient temperature is set to 90 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less. This is because water breaks down and separates into oxygen and hydrogen,
Approximately 2 due to explosive combustion due to recombination reaction of oxygen and hydrogen
Because there is a danger of instantaneous sudden pressure rise of 0 times,
This is because the higher the temperature and pressure, the higher the risk of explosion.

In the above-described hydrothermal reactor, when the iron powder or iron oxide of the ferromagnetic material is rotated clockwise when looking down at the ground, the vortex magnetic field surrounding the traveling direction is clockwise as viewed in the direction away from it. If there is a ferromagnetic material above and below the rotating body of iron powder or iron oxide, the upper magnetic pole of the upper lid is magnetized to the S pole, and the lower ferromagnetic substance of the bottom vessel is magnetized to the N pole. It will be. Since the direction of the magnetic field in the space between both ferromagnetic materials is from the north pole to the south pole, the direction of the magnetic field lines of the external magnetic field by the upper and lower ferromagnetic materials is from below to above, and The magnetic field that surrounds the direction (hereinafter referred to as “self-magnetic field”) is a clockwise vortex. As a result, the magnetic field is strengthened and the cations of the iron powder tend to stay near the center electrode where anions such as oxygen ions stay. When the magnetic flux density at which the top lid becomes the S pole and the bottom vessel becomes the N pole is increased by further applying an external magnetic field by an electromagnet, the potential of the vessel wall is more positive than the center electrode. Grow in On the other hand, when an external magnetic field is applied by an electromagnet so that the upper lid in the reaction vessel becomes the N-pole and the bottom vessel becomes the S-pole, the central electrode potential in the reaction vessel is positive and large compared to the wall surface. It is confirmed that it becomes. Experimental data is described in Examples. In each case, the direction of rotation of the rotating body is clockwise with the ground facing downward. As a result, when both catalyst materials generate an external magnetic field using an electromagnet coil,
By adjusting the current and the number of turns of the coil so that the value of the potential difference between the center electrode and the vessel wall is positive and large,
The hydrothermal decomposition reaction rate in which water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen can be increased to increase the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen generated gas. As described above, when an external magnetic field is applied so that the top lid of the hydrothermal reactor becomes the north pole and the bottom vessel becomes the south pole while actually rotating the iron powder clockwise in advance, hydrogen becomes Almost no oxygen is generated. Next, when an external magnetic field and a synergistic magnetic field due to the rotation of the iron powder itself are applied so that the top lid of the hydrothermal reactor becomes the S pole and the bottom vessel becomes the N pole, the amount of generated oxygen decreases, and hydrogen generation occurs. The amount increases.
When the magnetic pole is reversed by applying an external magnetic field in this way, compared to a case where the magnetic pole is not reversed, the amounts of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas obtained by clearly separating hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules are reduced. It has been confirmed that it will increase.
Basically, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are obtained by using water as a raw material by using a substance converted into suboxide or metal obtained by deoxidizing or reducing a metal oxide by effectively utilizing a magnetic field as a catalyst. For the purpose, the starting material metal oxide is not limited to silicon such as quartz or titanium such as rutile ore, oxide such as aluminum and iron such as bauxite, etc.
Any material such as an oxide or a carbonate compound such as alumina, calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel zinc, copper, and zirconium may be used. It is preferable to use a powder in the sense that the contact area between the oxide of the starting material and water is increased to increase the chemical reaction rate.

In the above-described hydrothermal reactor, a stirring shaft that is directly connected to the motor and rotates the metal oxide is penetrated while sealing the shaft from the upper lid portion, or the stirring shaft connected to the motor and the stirring shaft in the atmosphere in the reaction vessel. The lower shaft (see FIG. 3 of the embodiment) for driving the powder is provided at the lowermost portion of the stirring shaft, and the powder is laminar just above the stirring shaft. There is an important feature where the upper blade (see FIG. 2 of the embodiment) that rotates horizontally is attached.
The lower blade gives lift while rotating the powder,
If these blades are used alone, the powder will undulate and rotate, reducing the probability that the powder will rotate vertically across the vertical magnetic field of the top and bottom. It is expected that the rate of formation of will decrease. The upper blade has a function of rotating the powder that has risen and floated by the lift of the rotation of the lower blade in a laminar flow state in the horizontal direction with the ground. The magnetic coupling relating to the structure of the stirrer of the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention is screwed into the lid plate of the reaction vessel while keeping the airtight in order to minimize the leakage of the atmosphere into the reaction vessel. A stirrer shaft made of a corrosion-resistant ferromagnetic metal with a built-in bearing is housed inside the pressure-resistant tube made of non-magnetic stainless steel, and an electromagnetic coil is closely fitted and fitted to the outside of the pressure-resistant tube, and the electromagnetic coil is rotated. By doing so, an example of a mechanism or the like that causes the stirring shaft inside the pressure-resistant tube to rotate can be adopted.

[0010] The oxygen gas or hydrogen gas generator of the present invention is capable of accommodating a ferromagnetic material and isolating it from the atmosphere. Means, a water supply means capable of supplying water by pressurizing water into the reaction vessel, a hollow pipe-shaped electrode installed around a stirring axis so as to form an electric field in the reaction vessel, and a vertical direction in the vessel. A lid plate and bottom container made of a ferromagnetic material capable of forming a magnetic field, and the above-mentioned hydrothermal reactor having a combined structure of a body container made of a non-magnetic material and a flange connection are provided. An important feature is that the flanges are connected by a ferromagnetic material, and a coil is wound around the connection to form an electromagnet so that an external magnetic field can be formed in a vertical direction in the reaction vessel. It is important to note that the operation of this device does not allow the outside air to leak into the hydrothermal reactor during operation. When iron or iron oxide powder of a ferromagnetic material is used as a catalyst, water molecules react with this catalyst by rotating by applying a magnetic field in the vertical direction of the top and bottom, and leak into the system. This is because there is a possibility that the performance as a water splitting catalyst such as generation of oxides or nitrides may be deteriorated by the influence of oxygen or nitrogen.

In the case of silicon oxide, the main reaction in the reaction vessel is presumed as follows. Reduction reaction of metal oxide: SiO2 = SiO2 ++ O2- (1) = SiO2 ++ 2e- + O * (2) = SiO + O * (3): SiO2 = Si2 ++ O2 -... (4) = Si2 ++ 2e- + O * (5) = Si + O * (6) Oxygen gas generation reaction: 2O * = 1 / 2O2 (...) 7) Oxidation reaction of metal oxide (reduction reaction of pure water): SiO + H2O = SiO2 + H2 (8) Si + H2O = SiO + H2 (9) Oxidation reaction of pure water: H2O + O * = H2 + O2. ... (10)

The above reaction formulas (1) to (3) and (4) to
(6) is the change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction (ΔG)
Is positive, so the reaction does not naturally proceed to the right. However, as described above, the metal oxide containing water becomes (2) via (1) or (5) via (4), the cation is directed toward the reaction vessel wall, and the negative charge is It is considered to face in a direction of the insulated rod-shaped electrode at the center of the container. That is, in the case of silicon dioxide, in formula (1), it is separated (ionized) into +2 valent silicon monoxide ion and -2 valent oxygen ion. Is thought to separate into two electrons and active oxygen atoms. In equation (3), the separated electrons (negative charges) should combine with +2 valent silicon monoxide ions which are also ionized in the reaction vessel to form silicon monoxide, which is a neutral molecule. It is. On the other hand, it is considered that the divalent silicon monoxide ion which has escaped to the electrons receives electrons from a reaction vessel or another metal oxide immediately adjacent to the divalent silicon monoxide ions and is stabilized as silicon monoxide. At this time, the active oxygen atom combines with the same active oxygen atom nearby as shown in equation (7) to generate oxygen gas, or chemically reacts with nearby water molecules as shown in equation (10) to form oxygen and oxygen. It is conceivable to generate hydrogen. Similarly, when the metal oxide containing water is silicon monoxide, (4) to (6) can be explained as described above. After all, when the metal oxide in contact with water around the rod-shaped electrode at the center of the reaction vessel is rotating clockwise while looking down at the earth under the action of magnetism while storing negative charges, If the rod-shaped electrode is insulated, the rod-shaped electrode is likely to become a positive electrode, and negative charges moving in a circular motion in the reaction vessel are directed to the positive electrode. And then actually flows. In this case, as described above, it is considered that the negative charge moves to the water-containing metal oxide that is rotating clockwise near the adjacent positive electrode, that is, the metal oxide is reduced. In addition, it has already been described that at this time, the remaining active oxygen atoms gasify oxygen or decompose nearby water molecules to generate hydrogen and oxygen at a volume ratio of 1: 1. As described above, when the deoxidation from the metal oxide has sufficiently proceeded and the production ratio of silicon monoxide and metal silicon has increased, as shown in reaction formulas (8) and (9), water The rate at which hydrogen reacts with molecules to produce hydrogen will of course be high. On the other hand, when the oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor in the reaction vessel increase and the atmospheric pressure increases, the reaction reaches an equilibrium state and further generation of oxygen and hydrogen stops. Therefore, in order to suck oxygen, hydrogen, and water vapor from the inside of the reaction vessel, the pressure inside the reaction vessel is reduced or released when the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the water supply is restarted when the water inside the reaction vessel becomes insufficient. By doing so, the above series of reactions is restarted, and oxygen gas or a mixed gas of oxygen and hydrogen can be continuously generated.

It is well known that SiO or Si generates hydrogen when it comes into contact with water as described above. However, SiO or Si is oxidized and SiO2
, The reaction usually does not proceed any further. However, in the present invention, the silicon oxide containing water is exposed to an atmosphere in an excited state in which an electric field is formed, so that the SiO 2->SiO->Si-> SiO-
>SiO2-> SiO... Cycle is repeated, so-called silicon oxide acts as a catalyst for decomposing water. In the first place, when stable silicon dioxide occupies the majority, water is mediated, that is, oxygen is desorbed or deoxidized from silicon dioxide while water acts as a catalyst. Almost no hydrogen is detected, but as the proportion of silicon suboxide and metallic silicon increases, the concentration of generated hydrogen increases. In this case, the pumping speed from the reaction vessel is sufficient. If it is not too large, it is difficult to convert the entire mixture of silicon suboxide, metallic silicon and silicon dioxide to metallic silicon. Conversely, if the pumping speed from the reaction vessel is sufficiently high,
It appears that it is possible to convert most of the silicon dioxide to metallic silicon.

In the case of titanium oxide, the main reaction in the reaction vessel is presumed as follows. Reduction reaction of metal oxide: TiO2 = TiO2 ++ O2- (11) = TiO2 ++ 2e- + O * (12) = TiO + O * (13): TiO2 = Ti2 ++ O2 -... (14) = Ti2 ++ 2e- + O * (15) = Ti + O * (16) Oxygen gas generation reaction: 2O * = 1 / 2O2 (15) 17) Oxidation reaction of metal oxide (reduction reaction of pure water): TiO + H2O = TiO2 + H2 (18) Ti + H2O = TiO + H2 (19) Oxidation reaction of pure water: H2O + O * = H2 + O2. ... (20)

In the case of iron oxide, the main reaction in the reaction vessel is estimated as follows. The route of chemical reaction with silicon oxide and titanium oxide is the same, so if you omit the middle,
Reduction reaction of metal oxide: Fe3O4 = 3FeO + O * (21): FeO = Fe + O * (22) Oxygen gas generation reaction: 2O * = 1 / 2O2. (23) Oxidation reaction of metal oxide (reduction reaction of pure water): 3FeO + H2O = Fe3O4 + H2 (24) Fe + H2O = FeO + H2 (25) Oxidation of pure water Reaction: H2O + O * = H2 + O2 (26)

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 shows the hydrothermal reactor according to the present invention as viewed from above and below in the vertical direction.
It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected in the degree direction. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hydrothermal reactor according to the present invention cut in a 90 ° direction when viewed from above and below. The basic shape of the hydrothermal reactor shown in FIG. 1 is a cylindrical shape, and a pure water injection pipe 1, a generated gas recovery pipe 2, and a stirring shaft 8 are provided on an upper lid 3 of SUS430 made of a ferromagnetic material.
A packing 12 is provided on the stirring shaft, and a body 5 of SUS316 of nonmagnetic material is connected to the bottom container 4 of SUS430 of ferromagnetic material via a flange bolt. A gasket 11A such as silicon rubber or Teflon or a gasket 11B such as a copper plate is used for the connection portion. The top lid 3 and the bottom container 4
The yokes 6A and 6B made of mild steel forming both magnetic circuits are attached to the flanges of the above, and the permanent magnet 7 is sandwiched between the yokes 6A and 6B. Thereby, since the upper lid and the bottom container are magnetically connected, for example, when the S pole of the permanent magnet is sandwiched between the yokes with the S pole facing upward and the N pole facing downward, the bottom container passes through the gap in the container from the top lid, Since the magnetic flux continues to flow from the yoke 6B to the yoke 6A and further toward the upper lid, a magnetic field is efficiently formed in the container. When the N and S poles of the permanent magnet are mounted in opposite directions, magnetic fluxes in opposite directions flow. The yokes 6A and 6A
An electromagnet may be formed by winding a coil around a yoke connected to B and passing a current. Further, an upper blade 9 and a lower blade 10 are attached to the stirring shaft 8. FIG. 2 basically supplements FIG. 1 and shows a method of attaching an insulated electrode. For example, a ferromagnetic electrode support plate 14 is press-fitted into an insulated electrode 13 made of brass. The bolts 15 are connected to the Teflon bolts 15 for the purpose of facilitating the formation of a magnetic field between the container and the bottom vessel and for the purpose of preventing the powder soaring by stirring from scattering toward the generated gas recovery pipe 2 at the outlet of the vessel. The container is insulated and fixed to the container body by a seal member 17 and a nut 16. Further, yokes 6AA and 6BB are mounted on the flanges at the upper and lower ends of the body, respectively, and a permanent magnet 7 is mounted between them. The yokes 6A and 6A
An electromagnet may be formed by winding a coil around a yoke connected to B and passing a current. The most characteristic of the apparatus of the present invention is the above-described hydrothermal reactor, and a commercially available apparatus for controlling the amount of pure water injected into the hydrothermal reactor while cooling and recovering the produced gas is a commercially available product. Although the description of the drawings and the like is omitted because it was diverted and manufactured, the apparatus is naturally provided with a heat exchanger for cooling the generated gas, and a jet pump type vacuum pump and a cooling water circulation pump. An air-driven control valve capable of controlling pressure and temperature is provided at the outlet of the generated gas, and the amount of pure water to be injected is controlled while detecting the pressure and temperature in the generated gas recovery pipe at the outlet of the reaction vessel. Is going. As will be described later, the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-30968 by Yoshida and Sasaki.
Unlike the first reaction vessel, since the magnetic field can be generated effectively in the vertical direction of the top and bottom inside the vessel, if the amount of pure water injected is not excessively large compared to the catalyst powder weight, the amount of generated steam , The amount of drain that can be recovered is extremely small.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view and a front view of the upper blade. Similarly, FIG. 4 shows a plan view and a front view of the lower blade. About the function of these wings

[0009] Since it has been described in detail above, the description is omitted.

Next, the results of a hydrogen generation test, an oxygen generation test, and a mixed gas generation test of hydrogen and oxygen using the above catalysts are shown below.

The first embodiment will be described below. (Experiment 1: Experiment of hydrogen generation test) Type of catalyst: iron powder (starting material) Reaction vessel volume: 9 liters Catalyst weight: 2000 g Number of revolutions: 1500 times / min Power required: 1 kW / hour Rotation direction of powder: ground Clockwise of earth and vertical axis as seen below Ambient temperature: 150 ° C Temperature in generated gas recovery pipe: 35 ° C Drain amount: extremely small and unmeasurable Atmospheric pressure: Vacuum to 0.1 atm absolute pressure at first When the pressure reaches 1 atm while intermittently injecting pure water while pulling, the sample gas is withdrawn by a diaphragm vacuum pump while maintaining this pressure. Continuous operation time = 3 hours: sampling time = 3 hours later; hydrogen concentration: 70%, oxygen concentration: 1
0%, nitrogen concentration: 20% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 260 cc / min (using a mass flowmeter manufactured by Nippon Aera)

A second embodiment is described below. (Experiment 2: Oxygen generation test or experiment of metal oxide deoxidation) Type of catalyst: powder of quartz (starting material) Volume of reaction vessel: 9 liters Weight of catalyst: 2000 g Number of revolutions: 1500 times / min Rotation direction of powder ： Looking down the earth, clockwise between the earth and the vertical axis Atmospheric temperature: 150 ° C. Temperature in the generated gas recovery pipe: 40 ° C. Drain amount: extremely small and unmeasurable Atmospheric pressure: 0.1 atm absolute pressure at first When the pressure reaches 0.7 atm while intermittently injecting pure water while evacuating as described above, the sample gas is withdrawn by a diaphragm vacuum pump while maintaining this pressure. Continuous operation time = 0.2 hours: sampling time = 0.2 hours later; hydrogen concentration: 0%, oxygen concentration:
90%, nitrogen concentration: 10% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 50 liter / min (using a mass flowmeter manufactured by Nippon Aera) Sampling time = 2 hours later; hydrogen concentration: 10%, oxygen concentration 80
%, Nitrogen concentration: 10% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 70 l / min (using a mass flow meter manufactured by Nippon Aera) In this case, the hydrogen concentration was increased due to an increase in the suboxide generation ratio of silicon. Is considered to have reached 10%, and the average flow rate of only hydrogen =
Since it is 7 liters / minute, it is 0.42 m3 / kwh, and in the case of the electrolysis method, it is 1 m3 / 6 kw, so that the efficiency is about 2.4 times higher than that of the electrolysis method.

A third embodiment is described below. (Experiment 3: Experiment of hydrogen and oxygen generation test with reversed magnetic field) Type of catalyst: iron powder (starting material) Reaction vessel volume: 9 liters Catalyst weight: 2000 g Number of revolutions: 1500 times / min Power required: 1 kW / hour powder Body rotation direction: Looking down the earth, clockwise between the earth and the vertical axis Atmospheric temperature: 150 ° C Temperature in the generated gas recovery pipe: 35 ° C Drain amount: extremely slight Atmospheric pressure: The absolute pressure is initially 0.1 atm When the pressure reaches 1 atm while intermittently injecting pure water while evacuating as described above, the sample gas is withdrawn by a diaphragm type vacuum pump while maintaining this pressure. Magnetic field: the top lid of the hydrothermal reactor is initially N for 1 hour
While applying an external magnetic field so as to become the pole and the bottom vessel S pole, the magnetic field is gradually weakened, and then the upper lid is turned to the S pole and the bottom vessel is turned to the N pole. Continuous operation time = 8 hours: sampling time = 1 hour later; hydrogen concentration: 0%, oxygen concentration: 40
%, Nitrogen concentration: 60% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 25 l / min (using a mass flow meter manufactured by Nippon Aera) Collection time = 4 hours later; hydrogen concentration: 20%, oxygen concentration: 3
0%, nitrogen concentration: 50% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 25 liter / min (using a mass flowmeter manufactured by Nippon Aera) Collection time = 8 hours later; hydrogen concentration: 30%, oxygen concentration : 3
0%, nitrogen concentration: 40% (using a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Average mixed gas flow rate: 20 liter / min (using a mass flowmeter manufactured by Nippon Aera) Nitrogen is passed through a sampling line into a diaphragm type vacuum pump. It is presumed that air was mixed in the air.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, the decomposition temperature of water is lower than in the conventional method, and the equipment can be downsized. In addition, raw materials are groundwater and tap water, industrial water and oxide catalyst, and the heat source is sufficient if the outer wall of the reaction vessel can be heated to about 150 ° C.
Since a mixed gas of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas at a rate of 50 liters / minute per minute can be obtained for a reaction vessel containing 9 liters of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas causing global warming can be obtained. Can theoretically be close to zero.

Further, since water is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by an oxide catalyst at a reaction temperature of about 100 ° C., waste heat of boilers and turbines of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants is utilized, and incinerators of municipal garbage incineration plants are used. It is also possible to produce hydrogen by using waste heat of wastewater. For this reason, it is considered that the hydrogen production cost can be significantly reduced.

Oxygen and hydrogen obtained by the decomposition of water are considered to be in an excited state, and water containing these gases becomes an active reaction solvent, thereby reducing PCBs, CFCs, plastic wastes, and the like. It can be used sufficiently for the purpose of decomposition. Until now, hydrogen gas could not be produced unless it was a large-scale business establishment. However, the possibility of producing hydrogen gas at a small-scale business establishment has arisen, and in the future it will be more environmentally friendly than vehicles that use gasoline or diesel fuel. It can also contribute to the spread of hydrogen vehicles with small loads.

[0025]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrothermal reactor cut in a 0-degree direction according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrothermal reactor cut at 90 degrees according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view and a front view of an upper blade of the stirrer.

FIG. 4 is a plan view and a front view of a lower blade of the stirrer.

[Explanation of symbols]

FIG. 1 and

[Fig. 2] 1 ... pure water injection pipe, 2 ... generated gas recovery pipe, 3
... top lid, 4 ... bottom container, 5 ... body, 6
A: yoke, 6: AA yoke, 6B: yoke, 6BB: yoke, 7: permanent magnet, 8:
Stirring shaft, 9 upper blade, 10 lower blade, 11
A: gasket, 11B: gasket, 12.
..Packing, 13 ... insulated electrode (made of brass), 14.
..Electrode support plate (ferromagnetic material), 15... Bolt, 16
... Nut, 17 ... Teflon sealing material

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Noriyuki Yoshida 1 Mates Minami Someshi 402 at 32 Minami Someshi-cho, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture (72) Inventor Yukio Funai F-term 1-33-507 (Reference) 4G042 BA05 BA08 BA11 BA33 BB01 BB04

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A ferromagnetic substance or a non-magnetic metal oxide is placed in an electromagnetic field under a heated atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere and is rotated in a direction perpendicular to an electric field and a magnetic field perpendicular to each other while being in contact with water. A method for producing oxygen gas, comprising producing oxygen gas by separating oxygen in water molecules and / or separating oxygen in a non-magnetic oxide. 2. A ferromagnetic material or a non-magnetic metal oxide is placed in an electromagnetic field under a heated atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere and is rotated in a direction perpendicular to an electric field and a magnetic field orthogonal to each other while being in contact with water. A method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, comprising separating hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. 3. The magnetic field of the electromagnetic field in a heated atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere of the first and second aspects is rotated by rotating the ferromagnetic material or the non-magnetic oxide of the first or second aspect to reduce the magnetic field specific to the substance. A sealable reaction composed of a combination of a top lid made of ferromagnetic material, a body part made of non-magnetic material, and a bottom container made of ferromagnetic material, so that it can be easily formed vertically. A hydrothermal reactor having a container structure. 4. A hydrothermal reactor according to claim 3, wherein the top lid and the bottom vessel each employing the ferromagnetic material according to claim 3 for increasing or decreasing the magnetic flux density in the vertical direction of the top and bottom inside the vessel. A hydrothermal reactor having a structure of a reaction vessel in which an outer portion of the reactor is connected with a ferromagnetic material, and a coil is wound around the connection portion to be an electromagnet. 5. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 4, wherein the magnetic flux density in the vertical direction of the top and bottom inside the container is increased or decreased, and the magnetic flux density in the radial direction of the container is made as uniform as possible. When a ferromagnetic material or a non-magnetic material is adopted for the body described in the above, the sealing material at each connection between the top lid, the body and the bottom container is a non-magnetic or diamagnetic material, and the thickness of the sealing material is Is at least 3 mm each, the outer part of the upper lid and the bottom container is magnetically connected with a ferromagnetic material, and a coil is wound around the connection to form an electromagnet. And a lower end portion is magnetically connected with a ferromagnetic material, and a coil is wound around the connection portion to form an electromagnet. 6. An electromagnetic field in a heated atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric field is a circle formed by a ferromagnetic substance or a non-magnetic oxide contacted with water about an axis perpendicular to the ground. The ferromagnetic or non-magnetic oxide material in contact with water generates a potential difference with respect to the electrode by moving and placing a rod-shaped conductive metal electrode insulated from the reaction vessel on the central axis of the circular motion. A method for generating an electric field, wherein said method is formed between said electrode and said material in contact with water circulating around said electrode. 7. An electromagnetic field in a heated atmosphere isolated from the atmosphere when the ferromagnetic material according to claim 1 or 2 is used as a working material,
Regarding the magnetic field, the upper magnetic pole in the vertical direction is set as the north pole first, the lower magnetic pole is set as the south pole, and the respective magnetic fields are gradually set as the south pole and the north pole.
By applying an external magnetic field so as to be a pole, the amount of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas generated by separating hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules is increased as compared to a case where the magnetic pole is not reversed. And how to generate oxygen gas. 8. The method for producing oxygen gas or the method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas according to claim 1, wherein said ferromagnetic material is metallic iron or iron oxide. A method for producing gas or a method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. 9. The method for producing oxygen gas or the method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal oxide is silicon oxide starting from quartz or the like. A method for producing oxygen gas or a method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. 10. The method for producing an oxygen gas or the method for producing a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the production reaction is carried out at an atmospheric pressure higher than a vacuum state of 0.05 atm. A method for producing oxygen gas or a method for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, characterized in that the ambient temperature is not lower than 50 ° C. and not higher than 374 ° C. 11. The metal iron and iron oxide described in claim 8 and the silicon oxide described in claim 9 have a particle size of 300 μm.
A fine particle body characterized by the following. 12. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 3, wherein said hydrothermal reactor has a stirring shaft connected to a motor for rotating said ferromagnetic material or non-magnetic oxide. The outer magnet of the stirring shaft connected to the motor or the outer magnet of the stirring shaft connected to the motor and the inner magnet of the stirring shaft in the atmosphere in the reaction container are penetrated into the reaction container by magnetic coupling. A lower blade (see FIG. 3 of the embodiment) for driving the powder and an upper blade (see FIG. 2 of the embodiment) for rotating the powder horizontally in a laminar manner are mounted directly above the lower blade. Characterized hydrothermal reactor. 13. A reaction vessel for accommodating a ferromagnetic substance or a non-magnetic oxide and capable of being isolated from the atmosphere and connected to a decompression device serving also as a product gas recovery application, heating means for heating the reaction vessel, A water supply means capable of supplying water by pressurizing water into a vessel, a rod-shaped or hollow pipe-shaped electrode installed around a stirring axis so as to form an electric field in the reaction vessel, and a magnetic field in a vertical direction in the vessel. An apparatus for producing oxygen gas or hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, comprising the hydrothermal reactor according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the apparatus has a combined structure of a ferromagnetic material and a non-magnetic material.