JP2000131512A - Optical member having reflection function and light transmission function - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light transmitting reflector having high transmissivity and high reflectance and a light transmitting reflector whose brightness is excellent and whose visibility is excellent in the case where it is stuck with a polarizing plate by using an adhesive and is driven by being attached to a reflection type liquid crystal display device. SOLUTION: The light transmitting reflector having both of a light reflecting function and a light transmitting function is provided with the layer of a base material having a convex shape so that the top end part of a convex part faces the side of a rear face on the inside or on the surface of a plate, and also the interstice of a light transmissible state is formed between the layers, and a reflection layer is provided on the inner surface of the projected part and the outer surface of the projected part, so that a part of light from the side of the rear face directly passes, and a part of remaining light is reflected by the reflection layer of the outer surface of the projected part for more than once and reaches an observer by passing through the interstice of the light transmissible state formed between the layers, and a part of the light from the side of the observer is reflected by the reflection layer of the inner surface of the projected part and reaches the observer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a transmission / reflection plate, a transmission / reflection type polarizing plate, and a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device which realize high transmittance and reflectance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, liquid crystal display devices have been used in various fields such as notebooks, personal computers, electronic notebooks, portable information terminals, amusement devices, and mobile phones. Of these, transmissive and transflective liquid crystal display devices are often used for portable devices. The transflective liquid crystal display device is used as a reflection type using natural light or indoor light in the daytime or in a bright place (hereinafter referred to as a reflection state).
At night or in a dark place, it is used as a transmission type using a backlight (hereinafter referred to as a transmission state). As a transflective liquid crystal display device, a first polarizer / liquid crystal cell (TN cell, S
There is a known arrangement in which a configuration of (TN cell) / second polarizing plate / transmission / reflection plate / backlight unit is arranged. As a transflective plate used in these display devices, inorganic particles such as pearl mica having a high refractive index are dispersed in a matrix, light is reflected by these particles in a reflection state, and these particles are transmitted in a transmission state. There is known a device in which light is transmitted from between to achieve both a reflection function and a transmission function. JP-A-55-103583 discloses that
There is described a reflective transmissive body in which a pattern in which light reflecting portions and light transmitting portions are alternately arranged is formed.
JP-A-55-46707 discloses that an adhesive material layer is made of a transparent and / or metallic powder such as aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum powder, tin powder, gold powder, silver powder and the like.
Alternatively, a transflective polarizing plate in which translucent particles are uniformly dispersed is disclosed.

[0003]

However, when the conventional transmission / reflection plate is adhered to a polarizing plate using an adhesive and mounted on a reflection type liquid crystal display device and driven, the brightness and visibility are reduced. It was not always enough in point. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of a conventional semi-transmissive semi-reflective plate in which inorganic particles having a high refractive index such as pearl mica and particles having a high reflectivity such as a metal are dispersed in a matrix. The downward direction in FIG. 1 corresponds to the back side, and the upward direction corresponds to the observer side. As shown in FIG. 1, since there is a component of light coming from the back surface and reflected by inorganic particles or metal particles and returning to the back surface, when used in a transmission state, substantially only light leaking from a gap between particles is used. There is a problem that the light use efficiency is poor and the transmittance cannot be increased. That is, in order to obtain a high transmittance, it is necessary to reduce the content of particles or increase the transmittance, and the reflectance is reduced. On the other hand, to increase the reflectance, increase the content of particles or increase the reflectance (the transmittance decreases).
Therefore, there is a problem that the transmittance is reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a transmission / reflection plate exhibiting high transmittance and reflectance, and a polarizing plate using an adhesive, and when mounted and driven on a reflection type liquid crystal display device, the brightness and the visibility are improved. Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmission / reflection plate which is excellent in point.

[0004]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, by providing a light reflecting layer having a specific shape, a high reflectance can be obtained in a reflecting state. In the transmissive state, it has been found that a high transmissivity can be obtained by effectively utilizing the reflected light, and a transmissive reflective plate that is bright and has excellent visibility can be obtained in either state, and the present invention has been completed. Was.

That is, the present invention provides the following (1) to
(9) is provided. (1) In a transmission / reflection plate having both a light reflection function and a transmission function, a layer of a base material having a convex shape such that a tip of a convex portion is directed to the back side is provided inside or on the plate; A gap in a transmission state is formed between the layers, and a reflective layer is provided on the inner surface of the convex portion and the outer surface of the convex portion, and a part of the light from the back side directly passes, and a part of the remaining light is convex. The light is reflected one or more times by the reflective layer on the outer surface of the portion, passes through the gap in the transmission state formed between the layers, reaches the observer, and a part of the light from the observer side is reflected on the inner surface of the convex portion. A transflector placed so that it reflects off the layer and reaches the observer. (2) The shape of the layer having a convex shape is a straight cone, an oblique cone,
The transmission / reflection plate according to the above (1), which is at least one kind of a structure selected from a pyramid, an oblique pyramid, a wedge shape, and a convex polygon, and a structure having a partial shape thereof. (3) The transmission / reflection plate according to the above (2), wherein the apex angle of the right cone or the oblique cone is 5 ° to 90 °. (4) The transmission / reflection plate according to (2), wherein the apex angle of the pyramid, the oblique pyramid, the wedge shape, or the convex polygon is 5 ° to 90 °. (5) The above-mentioned (1), wherein the shape of the layer having a convex shape is at least one kind of a structure selected from a spherical surface, an elliptical surface, a paraboloid, and a hyperboloid, and a structure having a partial shape thereof. Transmission reflection plate. (6) The transmission / reflection plate according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein at least one or more bottom surfaces of the layers having a convex shape are light reflection layers. (7) The transmission / reflection plate according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein at least one or more bottom surfaces of the layer having a convex shape are layers having both a light reflection layer and a light transmission layer. (8) A transmission / reflection type polarizing plate obtained by laminating the transmission / reflection plate according to (1) to (7) on a polarizing plate. (9) A liquid crystal display device having the transmission / reflection plate described in (1) to (7) or the transmission / reflection polarizing plate described in (8).

[0006]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail. Hereinafter, an example of the structure of a layer having a convex shape on the back side inside or on the surface of the transmission / reflection plate of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is limited to the illustrated example. It is not something to be done. In the detailed description of the present invention, a liquid crystal display will be described as an example, but the application of the present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal display.

FIG. 2 shows a transmission / reflection plate having a conical reflection layer formed on the surface thereof, showing the principle of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the downward direction in the figure corresponds to the back side of the liquid crystal display, and the upward direction in the opposite direction corresponds to the observer side. In the transmissive state with the backlight turned on, most of the backlight light goes straight from below into the gap between the reflective layers or is reflected by the reflective layer on the conical slope, and passes through the gap between the cones to reach the observer side. In the reflection state where natural light and indoor light are sufficiently obtained, most of natural light and room light from above are reflected by the reflective layer and reach the observer side except for passing through the gap between the reflective layers to the back. . In this case, the ratio of the reflected light to the irradiation light is approximately equal to the projected area of the reflective layer in the transmission / reflection plate from the observer side. Therefore, the light use efficiency is greatly improved in both the transmission state and the reflection state as compared with the conventional method.

In the present invention, the shape of the layer having a convex shape is at least a structure selected from a straight cone, an oblique cone, a pyramid, an oblique pyramid, a wedge shape, and a convex polygon, and a structure having a partial shape thereof. One or more types may be mentioned. The apex angle of a right cone or oblique cone is 5 ° to 90 °, and the apex angle of a pyramid, oblique pyramid, wedge or convex polygon is 5 ° to 90 °.
In addition, at least one kind of a structure in which the shape of the layer having a convex shape is selected from a spherical surface, an elliptical surface, a paraboloid, and a hyperboloid, and a structure having a partial shape thereof is also included.

Although there is no particular limitation on the apex angle of the cone,
5 to 90 ° for efficient transmission of light from the back
Is preferred. If the angle is less than 5 °, the ratio of the height to the base becomes large, so that the reflection plate becomes too thick, which is not practically preferable. If it exceeds 90 °, the transmittance will decrease. The height of the cone is not particularly limited, and may be any range that does not hinder the layout of each member or the entire display device in practical use. The interval between the vertices of the cone is not particularly limited. The diameter of the cone is not particularly limited, except that the cone is geometrically defined by the apex angle and height of the cone.
The degree is preferred.

The method of arranging the cones is not particularly limited, and the bottoms may be in contact with each other as shown in FIG. 4 or may be arranged with an interval between the bottoms as shown in FIG. In addition, the apexes of the cones may all be in the same direction, or may not be in the same direction. It is also possible to dispose a reflective layer having the shape described in the present invention or another shape such as a small cone in the gap between the cones. For example, when arranging cones having the same or different bottom areas on the same plane, if the arrangement intervals of the cones are too wide, the ratio of the total cone bottom area to the total plane area of the plane is too small,
The reflectance of light from the observer decreases. On the other hand, when the ratio of the total area of the conical bottoms is too large, the transmittance of light from the back side decreases. In either case, the practical performance as a transmission / reflection plate is impaired. In such an arrangement, the ratio of the cone bottom area to the total plane area of the plane is usually 30 to 30.
It is preferably in the range of 95%, preferably 50-90%. In addition, the same applies to the bottom surface having a convex shape such as a pyramid, a wedge, or a convex polygon.

Similarly, in the case of a pyramid-type reflection layer, the apex angle of the pyramid is not limited, but is preferably between 5 and 90 ° in order to efficiently transmit light from the back surface. If the angle is less than 5 °, the ratio of the height to the base becomes large, so that the reflection plate becomes too thick, which is not practically preferable. If it exceeds 90 °, the transmittance will decrease. The height of the pyramid is not particularly limited, and in practice,
It does not matter if the range does not hinder the layout of each member or the entire display device. The interval between the vertices of the pyramid is not particularly limited. The number of sides of the pyramid is not particularly limited as long as it is three or more.
There is no particular limitation on the reflective layer of other shapes as long as it has a convex shape on the back side.

The shape and arrangement of these reflective layers are ultimately used to optimize the transmission efficiency of light from the back surface when a backlight is used and the reflection efficiency in a reflective display when no backlight is used. Determined by thinking. A light diffusing plate may be arranged on the upper surface of the transmitting / reflecting plate, if necessary, to make the intensity distribution of the transmitted light and the reflected light uniform.

An example of the structure of a layer having a convex shape according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (I) As shown in FIG.
A transflector with a conical shape. In FIG. 2, a is an example of a locus of light transmission from the back surface, and b is an example of a locus of light reflection from the observer. (Ii) As shown in FIG.
A transmission / reflection plate having a conical shape and further having a light reflection layer on the bottom surface of the cone. (Iii) As shown in FIG.
A transmission / reflection plate having an oblique cone shape and further having a light reflection layer on the bottom surface of the oblique cone. (Iv) As shown in FIG.
A transmission / reflection plate having a quadrangular pyramid shape and further having a light reflection layer on the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid. As described above, at least one or more bottom surfaces of the layer having a convex shape according to the present invention can be a light reflecting layer or a layer having both a light reflecting layer and a transmission layer. Further, a layer having both a light reflection layer and a light transmission layer may be provided on a part or all of the plane on the observer side. further,
As in the above example, it is not always necessary to make the size of the cone or the like and the positions of the vertices uniform. For example, a structure as shown in FIG. 6 is also possible. Also, a combination of different shapes or a combination of these partial shapes is possible.

Examples of the base material of the transmission / reflection plate of the present invention include transparent or translucent resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacryl and polyolefin, and transparent or translucent plates such as a glass plate. The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 20 μm to 5 mm.

As a method for forming the surface portion of the base material into the above-mentioned shape, for example, the following method is exemplified. 1) A method in which a negative mold having a desired shape is formed on a roll or a master and a shape is imparted by a transfer method. 2) A method in which a negative mold having a desired shape is formed on a roll or a master, a thermosetting resin is filled in a concave portion, and the heat-cured resin is separated from the negative mold. 3) A negative mold having the desired shape is formed on a roll or a master, and an ultraviolet or electron beam curable resin is applied and filled into the recesses. Then, the ultraviolet rays are applied while the transparent substrate film is coated on the intaglio through the resin liquid. Alternatively, a method of irradiating an electron beam and peeling the cured resin and the substrate film to which the resin is adhered from the intaglio. 4) A solvent casting method in which a negative mold having a desired shape is formed on a casting belt, and the desired shape is imparted during casting. 5) A method in which a resin that is cured by light or heating is printed on a transparent substrate and cured by light or heating to form a convex or concave shape.

In order to appropriately scatter the reflected light in the reflection state, the surface of the shape may be roughened, and examples thereof include the following methods. 1) A method in which the surface of a negative type plate is roughened in advance. 2) A method in which a resin in which organic / inorganic fine particles are mixed is pressed against a negative plate. 3) A method of sandblasting the surface after creating a desired shape. 4) A method of forming a target shape, forming a reflective layer, and then depositing and coating a coating liquid containing inorganic / organic fine particles on the surface.

The method for forming the light reflection layer of the present invention will be described below. The method of forming the reflective layer is also possible by a method of forming a reflective surface by combining materials having different refractive indexes,
The layer can be formed by the following method.

1. A method of depositing metal or white pigment. Examples of the metal include aluminum and silver. In addition, as white pigments, titanium oxide, zinc white, lithopone, lead white, calcium leadate, basic lead sulfate, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, barite, carbonated lime, precipitated calcium carbonate, alumina white, silicic acid, silicate, Examples include clay. The method of depositing these substances and the thickness of the deposition are not particularly limited as long as the reflected light distribution characteristics of the substrate surface do not change due to the deposition.For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, etc. The method used for forming the thin film can be appropriately selected and used depending on the type of the base material. The thickness of the deposition may be in a range where a high reflectance can be obtained.
It is about 00 °. Next, in order to make a part of the base material surface in a transmission state, a mask is formed at a place where it is desired to be a transmission part before coating, and after performing vapor deposition on the entire surface, the reflection part is removed together with the mask to form a transmission part. And the like.

When vapor deposition is performed using silver or the like as a metal having high reflectance characteristics, it is preferable to provide a protective film on the surface of the silver vapor deposited layer in order to prevent deterioration of the vapor deposited layer.
Although there is no particular limitation as the protective film, for example, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, urethane resin,
Examples thereof include a coating film of an alkyd resin, and for example, coating can be performed by a usual method such as roll coating, gravure coating, spray coating and the like. It is also possible to use a thin film of a metal such as copper or Inconel, or an inorganic material such as SiO2. The thickness of the protective film may be within a range that can prevent oxidation of silver, for example, 5 nm to 10 μm.
m.

2. A method of depositing a glossy inorganic and / or organic substance. The method of depositing an inorganic or organic substance and the thickness of the deposition are as follows:
There is no limitation as long as the reflected light distribution characteristic of the substrate surface does not change by vapor deposition, and for example, a method usually used for forming a metal thin film such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, and an ion plating method is used. It can be appropriately selected and used depending on the type of the base material. The thickness of the vapor deposition is, for example, about 50 ° to 5000 °. Also, in order to make a part of the substrate surface in a transparent state, a mask is formed at the place where it is desired to be a transparent part before coating, a vapor-deposited over the entire surface, and the reflective part is peeled off together with the mask to form a transparent part And the like.

3. A method of coating a metal powder and / or a white pigment via a resin binder. The powder is not particularly limited as long as it has a luster such as aluminum, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide. There is no particular limitation as the resin binder, for example,
Acrylic resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin and the like can be mentioned. For example, coating can be performed by a usual method such as roll coating, gravure coating, spray coating and the like. The coating thickness is about 5 μm to 200 μm. The resin binder may have adhesive properties.
Also, in order to make a part of the base material surface in a transparent state, a mask is formed at the place where you want to be a transparent part before coating, and after coating the entire surface, the reflective part is peeled off together with the mask to form a transparent part And the like.

4. A method of coating glossy inorganic and / or organic fine particles via a resin binder. Examples of the inorganic and / or organic fine particles having glossiness include pearl pigments such as synthetic or natural mica coated with titanium dioxide, fine particles having pearl luster such as plate-like fish scale foil and hexagonal plate-like basic lead carbonate. Yes, and is not particularly limited. The resin binder is not particularly limited as described above.

The reflection layer thus obtained may be a single layer or a multilayer by performing the above operation a plurality of times.
When used in a reflective state, it may be better to impart light diffusion to the surface of the reflective layer. In such a case, the reflective layer on the back side may be formed without roughening the surface, and the reflective surface on the observer side may be roughened by machining, etching, or the like to form a reflective layer with light diffusion. . With such a two-layer structure, light from the back is reflected toward the observer without diffusing, and light from the observer is diffusely reflected. Further, the reflection layer can be protected by a transparent resin or the like.

In the present invention, the obtained transmission / reflection plate is
The bottom of the layer having the convex shape can be made flat by filling the concave portions inside the layer having the convex shape on the surface with resin or the like. For example, the following method can be mentioned. (A) A method of filling an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin, leveling the surface, and then irradiating with an ultraviolet ray or an electron beam to cure. (A) A method in which a thermoplastic resin is filled in a molten state, and is smoothed by pressing with a roll. A method of fitting or bonding a sheet having a negative shape (convex shape) or a shape in which an upper portion of the negative shape is missing with a concave portion inside a layer having a convex shape. The resin or the like for filling a concave portion inside the layer having a convex shape may be transparent or non-transparent. The reflection layer can be formed on the bottom surface of the flattened convex layer by the above-described method.

Further, the bottom of the layer having the convex shape may be buried by filling the outside of the layer having the convex shape with a transparent resin or the like in the same manner as described above to flatten the bottom surface. It is possible.

The transmission / reflection plate of the present invention can disperse particles such as pearl mica used in a conventional transflection / reflection plate inside the plate. Further, the transflective plate of the present invention is a transflective plate in which particles such as pearl mica are dispersed,
A material having a diffusion function, such as a milky white film, may be used by laminating.

The transmission / reflection plate of the present invention is laminated with a known acrylic adhesive or the like and laminated on a polarization plate to obtain a transmission / reflection type polarization plate suitable for reflection type liquid crystal display devices such as TN type and STN type. be able to. By mounting such a transmission-reflection type polarizing plate on a liquid crystal display device, a transmission-reflection type liquid crystal display device having excellent visibility can be obtained.

[0028]

The transflective liquid crystal display using the transflector of the present invention is brighter and has better visibility than the conventional liquid crystal display when used in a reflective type. In addition, when used in a transmission type, the transmitted light amount is larger than that of a conventional transmission / reflection plate, and a bright display is possible. When used in a battery-driven portable display device, etc., it is used for a long time. It becomes possible.

[0029]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1 A methyl methacrylate monomer was poured into a conical concave mold, cured by heat polymerization, and separated from the mold.
As shown in the figure, a molded article having a large number of conical protrusions on the surface thereof having an apex angle of 30 °, a diameter of 1 mm, and a distance between bottom surfaces of 100 μm was prepared. Using this as a substrate, aluminum was deposited. After the vapor deposition, the vapor-deposited portion on the substrate plane was removed to form a light-transmitting portion. The ratio of the transmission part to the reflection part of the obtained transmission reflection plate was about 25% for the transmission part and about 75% for the reflection part, as compared with the projected area from the direction perpendicular to the plate surface to the plate surface. . The transmittance of vertical light from the vertex of the cone (back side) of the obtained transmission / reflection plate was 72%, and the reflectance of light from the opposite direction (observer side) was 62%, both of which were high. The obtained transmission / reflection plate was bonded to a polarizing plate using an adhesive to obtain a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device. When this liquid crystal display device was driven, it was bright and had good visibility. Also, it was bright and excellent in visibility when viewed through a backlight in a dark room.

Example 2 Polymethyl methacrylate is embossed using a conical-convex-shaped metal roll, and then aluminum is deposited on the surface. Fill the concave part with photocurable resin,
The photocurable resin is cured by ultraviolet curing to form a planar shape. The vapor deposition layer on the flat portion is polished and removed to obtain the transmission / reflection plate shown in FIG. The obtained transflector has high reflectance and high transmissivity. The obtained transmission / reflection plate is bonded to a polarizing plate using an adhesive to obtain a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device. When this liquid crystal display device is driven, it is bright and has excellent visibility. Also, it is bright and excellent in visibility even when viewed through a backlight in a dark room.

Embodiment 3 Silver is evaporated by using a mask except for the photocurable resin portion of the planar transmission / reflection plate of Embodiment 2 to obtain a transmission / reflection plate as shown in FIG. The obtained transmission / reflection plate is bonded to a polarizing plate using an adhesive to obtain a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device. When this liquid crystal display device is driven, it is bright and has excellent visibility. Also,
Even when viewed through a backlight in a dark room, it is bright and has excellent visibility.

Example 4 A transmission / reflection plate as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the shape of the light reflection layer is an oblique cone inclined at 30 ° to the normal to the plate. The obtained transmission / reflection plate is bonded to a polarizing plate using an adhesive to obtain a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device. When this liquid crystal display device is driven, it is bright and has excellent visibility. Also, it is bright and excellent in visibility even when viewed through a backlight in a dark room.

Example 5 A thermoplastic resin is poured into a concave pyramid mold, and after cooling, separated from the mold to obtain a sheet having a large number of pyramid protrusions. Silver is vapor-deposited on the surface, then filled with a photo-curable resin, the photo-curable resin is cured by ultraviolet curing, and the flat portion of the thermoplastic resin is polished and removed. Get. The obtained transmission / reflection plate is bonded to a polarizing plate using an adhesive to obtain a transmission / reflection type liquid crystal display device. When this liquid crystal display device is driven, it is bright and has excellent visibility.
Also, it is bright and excellent in visibility even when viewed through a backlight in a dark room.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional transflective plate.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the principle of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan / side view showing an example of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan / side view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 a: locus of light transmission from the back b: locus of light reflection from the observer

Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Koichi Fujisawa 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term (reference) 2H042 BA02 BA03 BA15 BA20 DA01 DA02 DA04 DA11 DA12 DA17 DA18 DA22 DC02 DC04 DC08 DD01 DD04 DD06 DD07 DD08 DD09 DE00 2H091 FA08Z FA15Z FA31Z FC01 FC02 FC25 FD01 FD03 GA01 LA03 LA16 5G435 AA00 AA03 BB12 BB15 BB16 EE25 FF03 FF05 KK05 KK07 LL07

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A transmission / reflection plate having both a function of reflecting light and a function of transmitting light, wherein a layer of a base material having a convex shape such that the tip of a convex portion is directed to the rear side is provided inside or on the plate. Further, a gap in a transmission state is formed between the layers, and a reflective layer is provided on the inner surface of the convex portion and the outer surface of the convex portion, and a part of the light from the back side directly passes and a part of the remaining light Is reflected one or more times by the reflective layer on the outer surface of the convex portion, passes through the gap in the transmission state formed between the layers, reaches the observer, and a part of the light from the observer side is the inner surface of the convex portion. A transmission reflection plate, which is disposed so as to be reflected by a reflection layer of the light source and reach an observer. 2. The structure of the layer having a convex shape is at least one selected from the group consisting of a straight cone, an oblique cone, a pyramid, an oblique pyramid, a wedge shape and a convex polygon, and a structure having a partial shape thereof. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1, wherein 3. The vertical or oblique cone has an apex angle of 5 ° to 90 °.
3. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 2, wherein 4. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 2, wherein the apex angle of the pyramid, the oblique pyramid, the wedge or the convex polygon is 5 ° to 90 °. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the layer having a convex shape is at least one of a structure selected from a spherical surface, an elliptical surface, a paraboloid and a hyperboloid, and a structure having a partial shape thereof. Transmission and reflection plate. 6. At least one of the shapes of a layer having a convex shape
The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1, wherein the at least one bottom surface is a light reflection layer. 7. At least one of the shapes of a layer having a convex shape
6. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1, wherein at least one bottom surface is a layer having both a light reflection layer and a light transmission layer. 8. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a transparent or translucent resin or a transparent or transparent glass plate. 9. The transmission / reflection plate according to claim 8, wherein the transparent or translucent resin is at least one selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacryl and polyolefin. 10. A transmission / reflection type polarizing plate obtained by laminating the transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1 on a polarizing plate. 11. A liquid crystal display device comprising the transmission / reflection plate according to claim 1 or the transmission / reflection type polarizing plate according to claim 10.