JP2000126730A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable an easy household-scale installation as a pretreatment device for a combined treatment septic tank or a pretreatment tank for discharge to a sewage by reducing the volume of solid matters in a solid matter suspension liquid formed by crushing garbage and simultaneously lowering quantity of pollutant in a treated water. SOLUTION: This treatment apparatus 1 comprises a settlement tank 3 for separating solid matter of a solid matter suspension liquid formed by crushing garbage by a disposer 2 and controlling the flow rate of the solid matter suspension liquid, an anaerobic treatment tank 4 for performing an anaerobic treatment of advection water advected from the settlement tank 3, an aerobic treatment tank 5 for performing an aerobic treatment of advection water advected from the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and a treated water tank 7 for storing advection water advected from the aerobic treatment tank 6. In this case, a microorganism-adhering body 7 is provided in the anaerobic tank 4 and the aerobic tank 5 and a heater 9 is provided in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and/or the aerobic treatment tank 5 for heating, and a transfer pump 8 is provided on the treated water tank 6 and the treated water is circulated to the settlement tank 3 by the transfer pump 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is used for treating a solid suspension obtained by crushing garbage from a home or a small-scale restaurant with a disposer. The present invention relates to a garbage processing apparatus for processing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, a solid suspension of garbage crushed by a disposer has been introduced into a combined treatment septic tank for treating night soil and other wastewater. However,
When the solid waste suspension of the garbage flows in the merged treatment septic tank, the pollution load becomes too high, and the treatment performance is not exhibited. However, there is a problem that the tank capacity becomes extremely large. From this point of view, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-192624, the solid waste suspension of garbage is treated using a device different from the combined treatment septic tank to reduce the pollution load. In addition, there has been proposed a garbage treatment apparatus in which the treated water of the treatment apparatus is introduced into an existing merged treatment septic tank or discharged into a sewer.

[0003] In order to reduce the amount of solid crushed garbage, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-192624 discloses a method in which a tank is filled with microorganism-attached substances such as rice husks and bran as one of the immersion filter methods. Then, the activity of the aerobic microorganisms is increased by using the aerobic microorganisms attached to the attached body and maintaining the water temperature in the tank at 15 to 23 ° C., and the solids in the solid waste suspension of garbage are increased. Is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water and disappears.

[0004]

However, in the case of reducing the solid content of a solid waste suspension of garbage, the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-192624 described above has the following problems. There was such a problem. For one, even if aerobic microorganisms attached to rice hulls or bran are used, the temperature in the tank of the garbage disposal device is as low as 15 to 23 ° C. The solids in the solid waste suspension are not decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, and it is therefore difficult to reduce the solids. In order to disassemble using such a device, it is necessary to significantly increase the processing time, and as a result, the capacity of the processing device is increased. Also, as the second, the microbial deposits such as the rice hulls and bran are organic substances, so that they are destroyed or decomposed by microorganisms in the long term, so that new deposits must be replenished,
This is a burden on maintenance.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to reduce the amount of solids in a solid suspension using a durable microorganism adherent, and also to reduce the amount of solids in treated water. It is an object of the present invention to provide a garbage disposal device that can be easily installed on a home scale as a pretreatment device for a combined treatment septic tank or a pretreatment device for discharging into a sewerage system by reducing the amount of pollution (abbreviated as BOD). And

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to introduce a solid waste suspension of garbage crushed by a disposer into a sedimentation tank so that biological treatment can function well. Separation of solids and adjustment of the flow rate of the solid suspension are performed in the sedimentation tank, and then the advancing water from the sedimentation tank is sequentially transferred to the anaerobic treatment tank and the aerobic treatment tank to form SS (suspended suspended solids). The solubilization and the BOD are reduced, and as a result, the solids are reduced, and the solids are discharged outside the processing apparatus. Also,
The anaerobic treatment tank and / or the aerobic treatment tank are provided with a heater to improve the biological treatment function, and are heated. Further, the sludge accumulated in the anaerobic treatment tank is returned to the sedimentation tank so that the anaerobic treatment is favorably performed.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the solid matter of the solid waste suspension of garbage crushed by the disposer 2 is separated and the flow rate of the solid matter suspension is adjusted, as shown in FIG. , An anaerobic treatment tank 4 for anaerobically treating the advection water flowing from the sedimentation tank 3, an aerobic treatment tank 5 for aerobically treating the advection water flowing from the anaerobic treatment tank 4, Air treatment tank 5
A garbage treatment apparatus 1 comprising a treated water tank 6 for storing advancing water of the type described above, wherein the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 are provided with microorganism adherents 7, and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and / or A heater 9 is provided in the gas treatment tank 5 to perform heating, and a transfer pump 8 is provided in the treatment water tank 6, and the treatment water is circulated to the settling tank 3 by the transfer pump 8.

A second aspect of the present invention is the garbage processing apparatus 1 according to the first aspect, wherein at least the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 are treated at 40 to 60 ° C.

A third aspect of the present invention provides the garbage disposal apparatus 1 according to the first or second aspect, wherein the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is provided.
Opening / closing valve 1 in piping 10 leading from the lower part of sedimentation tank 3 to the lower part
The on / off valve 11 is opened and closed by a signal from a water level sensor 12 provided on the settling tank 3.
The sludge in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is transferred to the sedimentation tank 3 when is opened.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the garbage processing apparatus 1 of the present invention. Garbage such as vegetables, fruits, fish and shellfish, and meat discharged at homes and restaurants is crushed to about 1 to 2 mm by the disposer 2 attached to the sink 13, and at this time tap water is also added to solid matter. It becomes a suspension and is transferred to the sedimentation tank 3 of the garbage disposal apparatus 1 through the transfer pipe 14. In the sedimentation tank 3, solids of the solid suspension are precipitated and separated. The amount of the suspension containing solids that could not be separated in the sedimentation tank 3 is transferred to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 by a transfer pump 15 provided in the sedimentation tank 3.

In the anaerobic treatment tank 4, solubilization of solid matter and anaerobic decomposition of organic matter are performed by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. The solid suspension treated in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is transferred to the aerobic treatment tank 5 by natural flow. In the aerobic treatment tank 5, the action of the aerobic microorganisms further solubilizes the solids and removes organic matter. Aerobic decomposition of The solid suspension is
As described above, since the sedimentation tank 3, the anaerobic treatment tank 4, and the aerobic treatment tank 5 are sequentially transferred and treated, the amount of solids can be reduced and the treated water can be reduced in BOD. Low BO
The treated water that has become D passes through the treated water tank 6 and is discharged out of the garbage disposal apparatus 1 from the discharge pipe 16 provided at the upper part of the treated water tank 6.

The present invention will be described in more detail. Advection tube 1
In 4, not only the solid suspension crushed by the disposer 2 but also low-polluting drainage such as washing water for tableware and the like and hand washing water is passed. If the low-pollutant waste water is allowed to flow into the garbage disposal device 1 in the same manner as the solid suspension, the water load on the garbage disposal device 1 increases, and the capacity of the treatment device increases. Problems arise.
Therefore, in order to reduce the water load on the garbage disposal apparatus 1, the conventional low-pollutant wastewater containing almost no solid matter is directly merged with the septic tank, the sewer, In some cases, it is preferable to discharge the waste to the outside of the garbage disposal device 1 such as a gutter.

In such a case, the bypass pipe 17 is provided with an automatic opening / closing valve 18 which operates in conjunction with the disposer 2, and when the disposer 2 is operating, the automatic opening / closing valve 18 is closed to close the solid matter. The suspension is allowed to flow into the garbage disposal apparatus 1, and when the disposer 2 is stopped, the automatic opening / closing valve 18 is opened to discharge low-polluting wastewater from the bypass pipe 17 to the outside of the garbage disposal apparatus 1. It is preferable to make it.

The sedimentation tank 3 of the garbage disposal apparatus 1 is provided to precipitate and separate the solid matter of the solid suspension and reduce the pollution load on the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 at the subsequent stage. I have. Particularly, solids such as bones, shells, and eggshells contained in the solid suspension are not easily biodegraded, and will be described later when they are transferred to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 at the subsequent stage. Since the microorganisms adhere to the adherend 7 and cause harmful treatment of the microorganisms, they also accumulate on the bottom of the tank and cause deterioration of the treated water.
It is to be removed in the sedimentation tank 3 in advance. The solid matter deposited on the bottom of the sedimentation tank 3 is discharged out of the garbage disposal apparatus 1 using a submersible pump or the like during maintenance (not shown).

On the other hand, the solid suspension is irregularly discharged from the disposer 2 and transferred to the sedimentation tank 3, so that the solid suspension is intermittently supplied to the sedimentation tank 3 in a short time. Will be loaded. Therefore, if there is such a large fluctuation in the flow rate, the solids are not sufficiently separated in the sedimentation tank 3, and the processing performance of the subsequent anaerobic treatment tank 4 and aerobic treatment tank 5 becomes unstable. Therefore, in order to absorb the fluctuation of the inflow of the solid suspension and to average the solid suspension to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5, the sedimentation tank 3 is used.
Has a flow rate adjusting function. That is, a transfer pump 15 is provided in the sedimentation tank 3, and the transfer pump 1
5, the fixed amount of the solid suspension is pumped to the upper part of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 at the subsequent stage and transferred therethrough, and the capacity capable of storing the difference between the inflow amount and the transfer amount is determined by a flow rate adjusting unit (HWL in FIG. 1). And L.W.
L).

Although an air lift pump or an electric pump can be used as the transfer pump 15, in the present invention, a low-cost air lift pump is preferably used. The air lift pump is provided with a measuring device that can adjust a transfer rate of the solid suspension at an upper portion of the air lift pump by, for example, changing a weir height, and the pumped solid suspension is measured by the measuring device. , A fixed amount (a fixed amount), and the excess is returned to the sedimentation tank 3.

The anaerobic treatment tank 4 holds a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 to efficiently solubilize solids in the solid suspension suspended in the sedimentation tank 3 and decompose BOD. For better performance, the microbial deposits 7 are formed as filter beds. The adhering body 7 can hold a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms, and is preferably of a shape that does not easily cause clogging of the filter bed. For example, a net-like cylindrical shape, a skeleton-like spherical shape, a hench-like shape, a small cylindrical shape, a corrugated plate Shape, foam (sponge shape) and the like are used. The attachment 7 is preferably made of a synthetic resin such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, or phenol resin, ceramics, or the like, which is resistant to a water temperature of 40 to 60 ° C., which will be described later.

The sludge generated in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 floats as scum on the upper part of the tank or accumulates on the bottom of the tank. Particularly, when the amount of sludge accumulated on the bottom of the tank increases, the sludge is mixed into the advection water. Then, since it is transferred to the aerobic treatment tank 5 at the subsequent stage, means for preventing the transfer is provided. According to the present invention, a pipe 10 is provided as a means from the bottom of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 to the bottom of the sedimentation tank 3, and an on-off valve 11 is provided in the pipe 10. The on-off valve 11 is opened and closed by a signal from a water level sensor 12 provided in the sedimentation tank 3, and the sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is transferred to the sedimentation tank 3 when the on-off valve 11 is opened. ing.

More specifically, the water level in the sedimentation tank 3 is always lower than the water level in the anaerobic treatment tank 4. Therefore, when the above-described on-off valve 11 is opened, a flow is generated from the anaerobic treatment tank 4 at a high water level to the sedimentation tank 3 at a low water level, and the sludge deposited at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is deposited in the sedimentation tank 3. It is advected. The opening and closing operation of the on-off valve 11 is performed by the water level sensor 12 described above. The timing is such that when the water level of the settling tank 3 reaches a low water level (LWL), the on-off valve 11 is opened and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is opened. When the water level rises due to the advection water from the water and reaches the adjusted water level (CWL), the on-off valve 1
1 is closed. Therefore, by incorporating the above-described control, the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 can be automatically discharged to the sedimentation tank 3.

The adjusted water level (C.W.
L), the water in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is transferred to the sedimentation tank 3 by opening the on-off valve 11 after setting the sedimentation tank 3 to a low water level (LWL) and setting the anaerobic treatment tank 4 to a steady water level. The water level in the sedimentation tank 3 and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is set to be equal to or lower than the water level at which the equilibrium is reached. Thereby, when the on-off valve 11 is opened, the water level of the sedimentation tank 3 does not become higher than the water level of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 even if the solid suspension flows, and the water in the sedimentation tank 3 is reduced. Backflow to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 through the pipe 10 can be prevented. As the water level sensor 12, a rod-type electrode sensor, a float sensor, or the like is used.

The aerobic treatment tank 5 holds a large amount of aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic treatment tank 5, solubilizes solids remaining in the anaerobic treatment water flowing from the anaerobic treatment tank 4 under natural flow, and B
In order to carry out further degradation of the OD, a microbial deposit 7 is formed as a filter bed. The adhering body 7 can hold a large amount of aerobic microorganisms, and preferably has a shape that does not easily cause clogging of the filter bed.
Skeleton-like spheres, clogs, small cylinders, corrugated plates, foams (sponge-like), and the like are used. In addition, the attached body 7 includes
Water temperature of 40 to 6 to be described later, made of synthetic resin such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, phenol resin, etc.
Materials that can withstand 0 ° C. are preferably used.

Further, the aerobic treatment tank 5 is provided with a diffuser pipe 19 below the filter bed of the attached body 7, and the air sent from the blower 20 is discharged from the diffuser pipe 19 so that the aerobic treatment tank 5 is opened. I'm trying to be angry.

The above-described anaerobic treatment tank 4 and aerobic treatment tank 5
Since the higher the water temperature, the higher the activity of the microorganisms, the heater 9 is attached, and at least the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 are set to have a water temperature of 40 to 60 ° C (temperature sensor display is omitted). ing. The water temperature is 60 ° C
If the temperature exceeds the limit, on the other hand, the number of microbial species that can live in the environment is reduced, so that the treatment efficiency is not improved and the power required for heating is increased. On the other hand, if the water temperature is lower than 40 ° C., the treatment efficiency is reduced, and the capacity of the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 is increased.

On the other hand, the garbage processing apparatus 1 is configured to return the treated water in the treated water tank 6 to the sedimentation tank 3 by the transfer pump 8 described later, that is, to circulate the water in the partial tank in the treatment system. Therefore, the water temperature of each processing tank can be made substantially constant. Therefore, the heater 9 is provided in the aerobic treatment tank 5 in FIG. 1, but may be provided in the anaerobic treatment tank 4, or may be provided in the aerobic treatment tank 5 and the anaerobic treatment tank 4.

The treated water tank 6 is formed such that the bottom of the treated water tank 6 is located at the lowest point of the bottom inclined from the aerobic treatment tank 5. Further, a transfer pump 8 is attached to the treatment water tank 6, and a part of the water in the treatment water tank 6 is circulated quantitatively to the sedimentation tank 3 by the transfer pump 8. By circulating a part of the treated water quantitatively to the sedimentation tank 3, it is possible to stably obtain the treated water of low BOD, promote the reduction of the solids, and also remove the nitrified nitrogen. Can be. Furthermore, even if the sludge is separated from the filter bed of the aerobic treatment tank 5, the sludge moves to the bottom of the treatment water tank 6, and can be discharged to the settling tank 3 by the transfer pump 8 described above. Note that an air lift pump or an electric pump can be used as the transfer pump 8, but in the present invention, an inexpensive air lift pump is preferably used.

As described above, the solid garbage suspension is
The BOD can be sufficiently removed by sequentially moving the BOD to the sedimentation tank 3, the anaerobic treatment tank 4, and the aerobic treatment tank 5.
The treated water is supplied to a discharge pipe 16 provided in the upper part of the treated water tank 6.
The garbage can be discharged to the outside of the garbage processing apparatus 1 more.

[0027]

EXAMPLE A garbage processing apparatus 1 (made of steel plate) operated as described above was manufactured to process a solid suspension of garbage. The total effective volume of the garbage disposal apparatus 1 is 120 L, of which the sedimentation tank 3 = 45 L and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 = 30 L
L, aerobic treatment tank 5 = 30 L, treatment water tank 6 = 15 L. As the water level sensor 12 attached to the sedimentation tank 3, a stainless steel rod-shaped electrode type sensor is used, and the adjusted water level (CWL) at which the on-off valve 11 closes is such that the sedimentation tank 3 has a low water level (LWL). After the anaerobic treatment tank 4 was brought to a steady water level, the on-off valve 11 was opened to set the sedimentation tank 3 and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 at a level 30 mm below the water level at which the water level becomes equilibrium. Therefore, the on-off valve 11 is opened at the low water level (LWL) and closed at the adjusted water level (CWL).

As the transfer pumps 15 and 8 attached to the settling tank 3 and the treated water tank 6, an air lift pump was used, and the air branched from the blower 20 was supplied to the air lift pump. Further, a metering device for adjusting the flow rate is provided above the two air lift pumps. The transfer rate per hour for transferring from the metering device of the air lift pump of the sedimentation tank 3 to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 is based on the inflow rate per hour (Q) obtained by averaging the intermittently flowing solid suspension amount in 24 hours. )
4Q (4 times). That is, 4Q, which is a combination of the inflow amount 1Q of the solid suspension and the transfer rate 3Q per hour of the treatment water transferred from the air lift pump of the treatment water tank 6, was transferred. In addition, a flow rate adjusting unit (between HWL and LWL) was provided above the sedimentation tank 3.

As a microbe-attached body 7 to be filled in the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5, a polypropylene net-like cylinder was used, and 70% of the effective capacity was formed as a filter bed.
The aerobic treatment tank 5 is provided with an air diffuser 1 for blowing air from the blower 20.
9 and aeration was performed. The stainless steel pipe-shaped heater 9 was attached to the aerobic treatment tank 5, and the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the aerobic treatment tank 5 were set at 40 to 43 ° C. As the transfer pump 8 of the treatment water tank 6, an air lift pump is used as described above, and the transfer flow rate is set to the solid suspension inflow amount Q.
3Q (3 times) and continuously circulated.

On the other hand, a solid suspension of garbage crushed by the disposer 2 was transferred to the garbage disposal apparatus 1 in an amount of 25 L per day divided into morning, daytime, and night. The solid waste suspension of garbage is BOD5,300mg / L, SS5,50
It was 0 mg / L. The aerobic treatment tank 5 has a separate 4
The plant was inoculated with an aerobic microorganism (activated sludge) acclimated at 0 ° C., and the operation was started.

As a comparative control, the same garbage disposal apparatus 1 as described above was used, and the operation was performed at a water temperature of 18 to 22 ° C. (not adjusted). The aerobic treatment tank 5 was inoculated with an aerobic microorganism (activated sludge) acclimated at 20 ° C. and started operation.

(Test Example) Table 1 shows the measurement results of the treated water quality and the BOD removal rate of the aerobic treatment tank 5 and the sludge conversion amount as the amount of sludge generated in the garbage treatment apparatus 1 after the treatment performance became a steady state. Shown in

[0033]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, in the heated example, the treated water BOD and the treated water SS were significantly lower than those of the comparative example in which the heating was not performed. BO
The D removal rate is large, and the sludge conversion amount in the garbage disposal device 1 is small. That is, according to the garbage processing apparatus 1 of the present invention, the BOD of the solid suspension can be significantly reduced, and the amount of the solid can be reduced.

[0035]

According to the present invention, there is provided a sedimentation tank for separating solids in a solid suspension of garbage crushed by a disposer and adjusting the flow rate of the solids suspension, and advancing from the sedimentation tank. Garbage disposal comprising an anaerobic treatment tank for anaerobically treating advection water, an aerobic treatment tank for aerobically treating advection water advancing from the anaerobic treatment tank, and a treated water tank for storing the advection water of the aerobic treatment tank An apparatus, wherein an adherent of microorganisms is provided in the anaerobic treatment tank and the aerobic treatment tank, and a heater is provided in the anaerobic treatment tank and / or the aerobic treatment tank to perform heating, and a transfer pump is provided in the treatment water tank. Since the treated water is circulated to the settling tank by the transfer pump, the solid content of the solid suspension can be greatly reduced, and the BOD of the treated water can be significantly reduced. Further, thereby, the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention can be used as a pretreatment apparatus for a merged treatment septic tank or a pretreatment apparatus for discharging to a sewer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a garbage processing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Garbage disposal device 2. Disposer 3. Settling tank
4. Anaerobic treatment tank 5. Aerobic treatment tank 6. Treated water tank 7.
Attachment body 8. Transfer pump 9. Heater 10. Piping
11. On-off valve 12. Water level sensor 13. Sink 1
4. Advection tube 15. Transfer pump 16. Discharge pipe 17.
Bypass pipe 18. Automatic on-off valve 19. Diffuser 20.
Blower

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Ishii 1250 Shimoedori, Shimodate-shi, Ibaraki Pref.Hitachi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. F term in the Yuki Plant of Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (reference)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A sedimentation tank for separating solids from a solid waste suspension of garbage crushed by a disposer and adjusting a flow rate of the solids suspension, and anaerobic water flowing from the sedimentation tank. An anaerobic treatment tank for processing, an aerobic treatment tank for aerobically treating advection water advancing from the anaerobic treatment tank, and a garbage disposal apparatus including a treatment water tank for storing the advection water of the aerobic treatment tank. The anaerobic treatment tank and the aerobic treatment tank are provided with an attached body of microorganisms, and the anaerobic treatment tank and / or the aerobic treatment tank are provided with a heater to perform heating, and a transfer pump is provided in the treatment water tank, and the transfer is performed. A garbage disposal apparatus, wherein treated water is circulated to the settling tank by a pump. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least the anaerobic treatment tank and the aerobic treatment tank are treated at 40 to 60 ° C.
A garbage disposal apparatus according to item 1. 3. An on-off valve is provided in a pipe leading from the lower part of the anaerobic treatment tank to the lower part of the sedimentation tank, and the on-off valve is opened and closed by a signal from a water level sensor provided in the sedimentation tank, and the on-off valve is opened. 3. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sludge in the anaerobic treatment tank is sometimes transferred to the sedimentation tank.