JP2000118493A - Fish-tail-fin like propulsion unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a propulsion unit to reduce incurring of an energy loss in water. SOLUTION: By studying the structure of the fin of a fish effecting evolution and completion after lapse of 60,000,000 years, a propulsion plate having structure approximately equal thereto and a drive device are provided. Outer edges opened obliquely rearward upward are interconnected through a soft film 11, the rear end of the film 11 is shorter than the tip of an outer edge, and cutting is effected in a shape similar to the tail fin of a fish swimming at a middle speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a propulsion plate for propelling a boat or swimming underwater. ＠

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, propellers, oars and the like have been used for advancing a boat, and fins and the like have been used for diving. Although propellers are widely used, whirlpools agitated by the propellers turn into hundreds of meters of white waves on the track where the ship ran, and water swirls with air bubbles while the ship is far away. This is a waste of energy. In the case of rowing with an oar, water hitting the oar surface is also sent to the rear, but escapes in the vertical direction of the oar surface and in the axial direction of the oar, causing a swirl and wasting energy that does not contribute to propulsion. When diving, the fins also have a large amount of water escaping to the side, resulting in greater energy loss than propulsion. ＠

When observing the fish, the turbulence of the water at the trace of the fish is extremely small. 8
Traveling at 0 km and traveling long distances, migratory fish will swim with far less energy than human-made propulsion methods. The fish are said to have reached their present form after 600 million years of history, each of which appears to have gained the most rational propulsion methods. A close look at the shape of this fish and the movement of the fins revealed that the movement was extremely low in energy loss. It is almost impossible for us to create the cellular structure and composition of living things such as fish, which is far from our current knowledge of chemistry and mechanical engineering, but can be made with the industrial materials and structures we have now reached It was the starting point of the present invention to try to imitate fish as far as possible. The target fish is under the sea,
Fish that swim in the middle class and bottom fish that move less are excluded. FIG.
The case where the boat (1) is rowed is illustrated. When the oar (2) is rowed in the direction of the arrow A, the boat advances. FIG. 2 shows the tip of the oar (2), and sees how the water is pushed. When the all surface moves in the direction of the arrow A, the water in front of the all surface becomes A
Although it is also pushed in the direction, it escapes in both the vertical direction B, B and the all-axis tip direction C to form a vortex. Water escaping in directions B, B and C does not contribute to the propulsion of the boat and consumes energy,
The energy that contributes to propulsion in human power is quite small.
On the other hand, the state of the caudal fin of the fish is shown in FIG. When the caudal fin moves laterally around the XX axis, the water at point Q near the base P of the caudal fin also moves in the backward direction C, but also starts moving in the up and down B and B directions. The outer edges (3) and (3) of the caudal fin open wider toward the tip, and water moving along the fin surface in the vertical direction B, B moves diagonally up and down as B1 and B1, and is further caught by the upper and lower fins and backward Sent to The way the fin moves is that the upper and lower outer edges (3) and (3) have high rigidity and a small amount of deflection, and the inner surface (4) is thin and easy to bend, so it moves later than the outer edge (3), as if it were a fin. Since it works to grab the water on the surface and send it back as it is, little water escapes up and down needlessly. Furthermore, there is a space (6) without a membrane inside the line connecting the upper and lower ends P1-P2 of the fin in FIG. 3, and the water in this part is not sent to the side by the fin, so energy is consumed. There is no. In oars and fins, this part is also a film, so water is wasted and energy is consumed. As shown in FIG. 4, the base P and the water on the inner surface (4) are caught by the deflection of the inner surface (4) following the outer edge (3), which advances, and spread along the upper and lower outer edges. Since it is pushed backward, there is very little energy loss. As shown in FIG. 5, the end (5) of the inner surface (4) of the caudal fin of the fish is further thinned and flexed, and when the inner surface (4) moves in the direction of the arrow in FIG. As shown in the figure, the end portion (5) bends largely with a delay, increasing the component force for sending water backward. The outer edge (3) is made of a rigid bone-like material, and the inner surface (4) has dozens to hundreds of elastic tissue-rich ribs (10) running radially backward from the base P, It is composed of a flexible film (11) that connects between them. Both the outer edge (3) and the rib (10) can change the opening angle up and down by the fish muscle. ＠

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention mimics the oath structure of fish caudal fins using currently available industrial materials. The length of the caudal fin of a fish is about 14 to 20% of the total length, so a boat with a length of 4 to 5 meters may use a propelling fin with a length of about 1 meter. When you work continuously for about 30 minutes, you can't get more than about 30 watts as power.
To drive a 5-meter boat by one or two people, if the motor power is 50 to 100 watts, this propulsion board can produce more speed than all-row. Also, when applied to diving fins, the same propulsion force can be obtained with much smaller force. The current output of solar cells is about 100 watts per square meter, so if one square-meter solar cell is provided on the boat deck and the motor is driven, almost human power can be obtained. The application fields of this propulsion board are fishing boats, lifeboats, pleasure boats, fins, sports boats, oars, paddles, etc. If a strong material is obtained, a considerably high speed can be obtained. ＠

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A propulsion plate resembling a caudal fin of a fish and its driving device are constructed. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, a propulsion plate of a caudal fin shape of a fish, comprising a base P, outer edges 3 and 3 extending obliquely rearward and rearward from the base P, and an inner surface (4) connecting therebetween. A mechanism is attached to drive the hull or human body by swinging the hull or human body to the left or right with human power or power, or swing the propulsion plate up and down parallel to the water surface as needed. Use it by fitting it into the tip of the oar or paddle, or make a fin with a space that fits the ankle. That is, basically, one end of several tens to several hundreds of ribs (10) are gathered at the base P, and are extended and held obliquely rearward in the substantially same plane, and these ribs are connected by a thin film. In this case, the cross section XX of FIG. 7 may cover the rib (10) with the film (11) from both sides as shown in FIG. 8 or the rib (10) on both sides of the film (11) as shown in FIG. May be attached, or the rib (10) and the film (11) may be integrally formed as shown in FIG. Upper and lower outer edges (3,
The ribs constituting 3) may have greater rigidity than the ribs on the inner surface (4), or several ribs identical to the inner surface (4) may be combined. The rib (10) is gradually narrowed from the base P to the tip to increase the deflection,
As shown in FIG. 6, when the thickness of 0 to 20% is further reduced, the component force for pushing the water backward at the final stage of the swing of the propulsion plate increases. Alternatively, the ribs (10) may be formed by changing the length and arrangement density of bar goods having the same thickness as shown in FIG. 11 so as to reinforce a portion near the base P and to flexibly flex the tip. In each case, since the bending force is repeatedly applied to the rib (10) and the film (11), the rib must have high fatigue resistance and adhere well to each other. FIG. 12 is a side view of a basic propulsion plate of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. The stiff outer edges (3, 3) move forward, the inner surface (4) moves softly and lags, and the water impinging on the inner surface is sent almost rearward while spreading along both outer edges. FIG.
As shown in Fig. 4, fish swimming at about 80 km / h, such as snags, have a strong fin-shaking power and a high flow velocity in the vertical (B, B) directions, so the fins are narrow and extend vertically upward and downward diagonally. The space (6) is also large and does not push excess water, so that it proceeds efficiently. FIG. 15 shows the caudal fins of medium-speed fish such as rabbits and trout. If the propulsion plate that can withstand high-speed repetitive bending can be shaken at high speed, it is better to have a shape that is long vertically and short as shown in Fig. 14; Larger shape is better. The cross-sectional shape (Y-Y) of the propulsion plate shown in FIG. 15 may be made of a stretchable material as shown in FIG. 16 in order to allow room for extension on the inner side surface (4), but as shown in FIG. It may be a wave shape. (Embodiment) FIG. 18 is a plan view in which a propulsion plate and a driving device are attached to a boat, FIG. 19 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 20 is a side view thereof. As shown in FIG. 21, the base P of the propulsion plate (20) is fixed to the rotating shaft (21) by sandwiching it from both sides with elastic fixing plates (22, 22). The axis (21) is the frame (25)
The frame (25) is attached to the hull (24) via the butterfly plate (23). Shaft (2
Fix the pulley (27) at the upper end of 1) and
8) is fixed at the point (M) of the pulley (27), wound around the periphery of the pulley (27), and the rope (28) is alternately pulled to rotate the pulley (27) right and left. The pulley (27) may be swung about 60 degrees to the left and right from the center line.
The two ropes (28, 28) on the left and right
9 and 29), and attached to the drive pulley (30). The shaft (31) of the drive pulley (30) is held by a bearing (34) provided on a frame (33) fixed to the side of the ship and a bearing (35) provided on the bottom of the ship, and a foot provided on the lower end of the shaft (31). Pedal (3) attached to the table (38)
7, 37) are alternately stepped to swing the propulsion plate (20) left and right. The rope (28) is used for driving because it is rust-free, strong, has few troubles, and can be used for emergency measures even by amateurs. This is because the footrest (38) can be depressed without damaging the heel. The guide (29) prevents the rope (28) from rubbing against the body. A stabilizer (40) is provided on the bottom of the ship to reduce the sway of the hull caused by the sway of the propulsion plate. If you step on the pedals alternately, your boat will move forward. At a shallow place, a handle (29) is provided on the frame (25) to raise the propulsion plate, and the handle (29) is pulled or the upper part of the shaft (21) is extended for a long time. 23) raises the propulsion plate. FIG. 22 shows an application to paddles such as boats and canoes. All (4) at the base P of the propulsion plate (20)
If the shafts of 2) are connected and fixed, the propulsion can be made faster and more easily with the same force. FIG. 23 shows an example of application to a diving fin. An ankle insertion space (41) is provided at the base P of the propulsion plate (20). The tip of the propulsion plate (20) is cut as shown in the figure to provide a space (6), and the inner surface (4)
Is particularly soft. In this case, the width of the fin cannot be so large, but the configuration and the effect are not changed. What is common in both cases is that the space portion (6) is provided by cutting the tip of the inner surface (4) of the propulsion plate (20).
The particularly thin and flexible construction of the inner surface tip (5)
It is valid. The area of the space (6) may be 10 to 30% of the area of the propulsion plate (4), but it is preferable to provide about 50 to 60% for high speed use. In addition, this invention shall be applicable also to a fan and a fan.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of water movement when rowing a boat.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the movement of water on the all surface.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a common fish fin.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a fish fin during operation.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the same fin structure.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of a propulsion plate imitating a fish.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a cross-sectional shape of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a cross-sectional shape in FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a cross-sectional shape in FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment.

FIG. 14 is an illustration of a high-speed fish fin

FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of a fin of a medium-speed fish.

FIG. 16 is a sectional shape view of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a front view of the embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a side view of the embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a plan view and a side view of a propulsion plate according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 is an application example of the propulsion plate of the present invention.

FIG. 23 shows an example applied to a fin of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boat 2 All 3 Outer edge 4 Inner surface 5 Inner surface end part 6 Space part 10 Rib 11 Membrane material 20 Thrust plate 21 Shaft 22 Fixed plate 23 Hinge 24 Hull 25 Frame 26 Bearing 27 Pulley 28 Rope 29 Guide 30 Handle 31 Shaft 33 Frame 34 Bearing 35 Bearing 36 Footrest 37 Pedal 40 Stabilizer 41 Ankle insertion space 42 All

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate of a fish, in which two flexible outer edges expand like caudal fins from the base to the tip, and five or more from the base inside the both outer edges. The fish caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate in which the ribs are radially extended, and the ribs are connected by a flexible film so that the amount of deflection at the outer edge is smaller than the amount of deflection at the inner film surface. 2. The caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein said propulsion plate has both outer edges projecting 10 to 30% longer than the tip of the inner membrane surface. 3. In the propulsion plate, the bending strength of both outer edges is larger than the bending strength of the inner membrane surface, and when the fin is swung right and left, the inner membrane surface bends more greatly than the outer edges. The caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion plate is configured as follows. 4. The tail fin-shaped propulsion according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion plate is configured such that a tip portion of the inner surface portion of the fin is more easily bent than a portion near the base portion. Board. 5. In the propulsion plate, a film surface between ribs including both outer edges has a wavy cross section like a fan and has a sufficient flexibility to bend, and an angle between upper and lower outer edges is outward. Or a structure which can be expanded or contracted inward.
Caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate as described in the item. 6. The tail fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein the ribs of the fin are gradually narrowed from the base to the tip. 7. The tail fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein the ribs of the fin have the same thickness from the base to the tip of the propulsion plate. 8. The propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein the rigidity of the outer edge of the fin is increased, and the inner membrane surface has no ribs and becomes gradually thinner from the base to the tip. Caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate. 9. The tail fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein the ribs forming the fin skeleton of the propulsion plate are formed by integrating a plurality of thin lines. 10. The caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein a portion for inserting and fixing a foot is provided at a base of said propulsion plate. 11. The caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein a base portion of said propulsion plate is connected to a tip of a boat oar. 12. The caudal fin-shaped propulsion plate according to claim 1, wherein a base of the propulsion plate can be connected to one or both ends of a paddle such as a canoe. 13. A mechanism according to claim 1, wherein an axis substantially perpendicular to the rib is provided on the base in a plane including the film surface of the propulsion plate, and a mechanism for reciprocatingly rotating the film surface around the axis is provided. Caudal fin propulsion device.