JP2000092517A - Device to pick up two-dimensional and three-dimensional images - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to reproduce/record two-dimensional(2D) and three-dimensional(3D) images as stereoscopical images especially by using a two pairs of four plane reflectors provided with an angle changeable means, an arrowhead type composite achromatic prism or which vertical angle is fixed or the like in a 3D image pickup device capable of photographing/reproducing 2D and 3D images by one video photographing device. SOLUTION: In a zoom lens having a slit stop close to a brightness stop, the slit stop can be controlled independently of the brightness stop and the 2D/3D image entering device is provided with plane reflectors 7 constituted of two pairs of four plane reflectors, arranged at the just front and tip of the optical lens provided with the sensor capable of detecting the focal range information, where one pair of plane reflectors are fixed about at 90 deg. mutual angle and about at 45 deg. from an optical axis and the other pair of plane reflectors are mutually separated in reverse V shape on the outside, and an angle variable means capable of sensing the focal distance of the zoom lens and vartiablly controlling these angles by a motor or the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a two-dimensional, three-dimensional (3
Dimension), which enables shooting and playback
The present invention relates to a two- or three-dimensional video capturing device that includes shooting, recording, and playback using a lens for two-dimensional simultaneous shooting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a person perceives a three-dimensional object visually by recognizing the difference between the parallax angles on the left and right retinas of both eyes. The moving distance of the image on the retina due to the movement of the body differs between a distant object and a close object. In everyday life, he empirically recognizes the size of various objects and identifies the context.

[0003] From the above three points, we three-dimensionally recognize the environment surrounding ourselves. The following definitions are provided to facilitate understanding of the description. As the parallax angle, the angle when the subject is viewed with both eyes is defined as full parallax, and the angle when viewed with one eye or one side of the lens is defined as half angle of parallax.

The present invention adopts the principle of the present invention. The human eyes control their eyes so that the object to be watched is always at the center of their field of view and focused. As a result, while changing the parallax angle depending on the distance to the object being watched, an isosceles triangle with the eye width as the base and the subject as the apex is maintained, and a three-dimensional sensation is obtained.

[0005]

Conventionally, stereoscopic photography (three-dimensional photography) for moving images has generally been performed by fixing two cameras and photographing a subject. There is a problem that needs to be solved. 1. It was necessary to install two cameras and adjust each one. 2. The range that can be photographed was limited, and when conditions changed, it was necessary to re-install and adjust. 3. There is a drawback in that the range in which images can be taken is limited, the depth of focus needs to be deep, and the aperture stop is narrowed, resulting in insufficient light quantity and limited to bright places. 4. It was necessary to operate two separate cameras at the same time. 5. Objects with sudden movements and unpredictable objects were not suitable for stereoscopic photography. 6. Zoom photography was impossible because two cameras were installed and the parallax angle was required to be fixed.

[0006] In addition, there are inventions in which three-dimensional photographing is attempted with a single camera, but the following points are confused, resulting in erroneous and overlooked results. Was. The reasons are as follows: (1) There is an error in the optical theory that clearly separates and captures two two-dimensional images having different parallax angles in the left, right, and horizontal directions in one optical system. . (2) Relationship between human eye width and three-dimensional effect (total lift: “Knowledge of optics”, page 206, Doctor of Science: written by Kogoro Yamada, Tokyo Denki University Press, published November 20, 1996) Misidentification is recognized. (3) Chromatic aberration and reciprocal field curvature (described later) have not been solved.

(1) and (2) are wrong and (3) is overlooked. (1) is a fatal error, and similarities are recognized in apparent means, but as far as the error is concerned, the resulting effect of the invention applying this theory is not recognized. (2)
(3) and (3) are tasks on the premise that (1) is recognized as correct. (2) Most of the inventions filed in the prior art have a human eye width of 65.
mm (adult average: 62 mm +/- 3 mm), which limits the physical size of the device. The three-dimensional effect obtained by a human being can be expressed as a total degree of floating by using optical devices and images. here,
The total floating degree is a measure indicating the degree of the distance discrimination of an object. It is defined by a multiple value that indicates how large the range before and after the identifiable field of view becomes. For example, if the magnification is 1
When the distance between the left and right optical axes is twice the interpupillary distance, and when the magnification is 2
When the distance between the left and right optical axes is the same as the interpupillary distance, as a result, the total lift is the same. Therefore, as the total floating degree increases, the range of identification of the anterior-posterior relationship of the object increases, and as a result, the three-dimensional effect increases. Total lift = (left, right optical axis interval / individual eye width) x magnification. Even if the optical axis interval is physically approximated to the left and right eye width of 65 mm, it changes with the magnification (zoom rate), and it is completely meaningless to stick to the eye width of 65 mm.

[0008] Regarding (3), even if (1) and (2) are correctly recognized, the problem of chromatic aberration remains unresolved when a prism is employed as a three-dimensional image capturing means.
The blue subject shifts from its original position and forms an image, and does not reproduce the stereoscopic effect at all. Similarly, during wide-angle shooting using a prism, light that is not parallel to the optical axis is incident on the prism around the image, so the apex angle of the incident surface becomes sharper than it actually is, and the upper and lower parts of the left and right images are A phenomenon of reciprocally curving outward (referred to as reciprocal field curvature) occurs, which also greatly alienates the stereoscopic effect. For example, in short, the telegraph pole is not straight vertically in photography, but "C"
It is to be bent like.

In the conventional invention, there are serious errors and oversights as described above, and there is no practical use, and it is extremely impossible or difficult. The point that is particularly important in theory is that the recognition of (1), that is, when capturing a three-dimensional image with one camera,
One half of the parallax angle is the angle required to separate the left and right images. This angle is determined by the width of the light receiving element or film in the horizontal direction of the image forming plane and the focal length of the lens at the time of photographing. There is no meaning at all in terms of the distance between the video intake of the system and the human eye width of 62 mm +/- 3 mm, or the division of the horizontal angle of view into four. Inventions that make the gross mistake of separating the left and right images into parallel images are out of the question.

In the optical system, the right image is formed as an inverted real image to the left, and the left image is formed as an inverted real image to the right. Of course, the stereoscopic effect received by a person is the parallax angle, but not the distance between the video intakes of the two optical systems, but the left and right when viewing as a shooting result.
Is the parallax angle between two images, which is constrained by the angle separating the image of the optical system to the left and right, and is determined only by the width of the image plane and the focal length of the lens. is there. As a result, it can be said that the conventional concept of determining the parallax angle often seen in the present invention and then designing the whole is wrong.

Hereinafter, the following examples can be seen as prior arts, but the following functional deficiencies are individually recognized for the above reasons, and the problems of the present invention have not been solved.

Prior art 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-25842 discloses that
There is a method in which two identical cameras are installed or fixed to shoot a video. However, in the lens focal length information processing, it is impossible to perform a process of switching a subject from finite distance to infinity. The drawback is that it does not work if there is an obstacle between one or both cameras and the subject. JP-A-8-201940 and JP-A-10-70740 do not assume a subject at infinity. Also, it cannot follow up, down, left, and right movements of the subject. The former does not work when there is an obstacle between the control camera and the subject. In the latter case, the camera cannot always draw an isosceles triangle for the subject.

Prior art 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-30390 discloses a system in which a single camera uses a prism to capture a three-dimensional image. However, in one optical system, there are two two types having different parallax angles in the left, right, and horizontal directions.
Errors in optical theory, chromatic aberration and reciprocal curvature of field when clearly capturing a two-dimensional image are unresolved, and errors in optical theory of left and right image separation methods are recognized.

Prior Art 3: JP-A-9-327042 and JP-A-10-4567 disclose left, right, and left in one optical system.
Errors in optical theory, chromatic aberration, and reciprocal curvature of field in the case of clearly capturing two two-dimensional images having different parallax angles in the horizontal direction have not been solved, and the left and right image separation methods have not been solved. Although the former adopts a method of taking in a three-dimensional image using a plane mirror in one camera, there is an error in optical theory as described above, and the left and right image separation methods are solved. Not. In the latter case, the adoption of a four-plane mirror adapter is also seen, but the above-mentioned drawbacks and problems have not been solved, and telephoto zoom photography is impossible.

Prior art 4: JP-A-9-281614 Error in optical theory when two two-dimensional images having different parallax angles in the left, right, and horizontal directions are clearly captured in the one optical system. There is. In the case of auxiliary optics, the problem is "compact and lightweight", but there is a problem that does not actually take into account automatic zooming and especially wide-angle support, and left and right image separation is unsolved It is.

The present invention solves all the conventional drawbacks in photography and enables two-dimensional and three-dimensional photography and reproduction. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a two- or three-dimensional image capturing lens and a two- or three-dimensional image capturing device characterized by using the same. In addition, there is a problem that no consideration is given particularly to a wide-angle lens, and left and right image separation means have not been solved. Further, there is a drawback that the two V-shaped plane mirrors are too far from the tip of the lens, so that it is impossible to separate left and right images.

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a zoom lens provided with a slit stop in close proximity to a brightness stop.
The slit diaphragm can be controlled independently of the brightness diaphragm, and at the tip of an optical lens provided with a sensor capable of detecting focal length information, immediately before, a two-pair, four-plane reflecting mirror, The pair has a mutual angle of about 90 degrees on the inside,
The other pair is fixed at approximately 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis, and the other pair is a two-to-four flat reflecting mirror that is separated in an inverted C shape on the outside, and the focal length of the zoom lens is sensed by a motor or the like to detect the angle. And a three-dimensional image capturing device provided with an angle varying means capable of variably controlling the angle.

In a zoom lens provided with a slit stop in close proximity to a brightness stop, the slit stop can be controlled independently of the brightness stop and has an optical sensor having a sensor capable of detecting focal length information. Immediately before and just before the tip of the lens, the ridge line having the fixed apex angle is an arc having a radius r1 calculated based on the vertical angle of view at the zoom optimum focal length, and the valley side is also an arc concentric with the arc having the radius r2. And an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism having a cylindrical lens having a focal line distance of several meters to several tens of meters on the object side from the prism, and a vertex angle of the prism facing the object side. This is provided by a two- or three-dimensional video capturing device in which a cylindrical lens is installed such that the focal line is horizontal.

Further, in a zoom lens provided with a slit stop in close proximity to a brightness stop, the slit stop can be controlled independently of the brightness stop and has an optical sensor having a sensor capable of detecting focal length information. An arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism having a fixed apex angle, a straight ridge line, and an arc of radius r2 on the valley side, immediately before the front end of the lens and immediately after the two-to-four-plane reflecting mirror provided with the angle varying means, The apex angle is arranged to face the two-to-four-plane reflector, and a pair of the cylindrical lenses are placed at the left and right image capturing ports of the two-to-four-plane reflector so that the focal line is horizontal. Provided by a two- or three-dimensional video capturing device suitable for wide-angle photography installed in a computer.

Further, in the case where a photographing device having one light receiving element on the image forming surface and monitoring an area of 75% from the left or right in the horizontal direction with a finder is added,
The one light receiving element vertically divided into two and the image of the divided area are independently extracted as left and right image signals,
Means for compressing with an image compression method including the PEG-2 method;
The two- or three-dimensional video capturing device is provided when a signal processing system that includes a separation signal for restoring the video and separating it as the video and that enables recording and reproduction is added.

In the above-mentioned limited form, it is provided with the following features. The one light receiving element divided vertically into two and the video of the divided area are independently extracted as left and right video signals, and are compressed by an image compression method including the MPEG-2 method. In a signal processing system capable of recording / reproducing, including a separation signal for making it separable as the video, a signal reproducing system that can be selected from three types of right video, left video, and right and left video. Is provided by the two- or three-dimensional video capturing device.

In addition to the provision of the optical lens,
Immediately before the tip, the ridge line with the fixed apex angle is an arc of radius r1 calculated based on the vertical angle of view of the zoom optimum focal length, and the valley side is also an arc concentric with the arc of radius r2. An arrowhead type composite achromatic prism having the same and the cylindrical lens are provided, and the vertex angle of the prism is directed toward the subject, and the prism and the cylindrical lens are installed so that the focal line is in the horizontal direction, and the image is formed. 2 on the surface
Pieces, a pair of light receiving elements, and the light receiving elements can be opened and closed in the horizontal direction according to the focal length of the optical lens at the time of zooming. Is provided by the above-described two- or three-dimensional video capturing device to which a photographing device having a mechanism capable of monitoring the image with a viewfinder is added.

Further, the two and a pair of light receiving elements and the left and right video signals of the light receiving elements
Means for compressing with an image compression method including a system, and a separation signal for restoring again and enabling separation as the video, and a signal processing system for enabling recording and reproduction is added; In a processing system, when a signal reproduction system that can be selected from three systems of a right image, a left image, and a right and left image is added, the signal reproduction system is effectively provided by the two- or three-dimensional image capturing device.

More specifically, the present invention is provided with the following features. Immediately after the two-to-four plane reflecting mirror provided with the optical lens and the angle varying means, an apical angle fixed, an ridge line is a straight line, and a valley side is an arc having a radius of r2. Are arranged toward the two-to-four-plane reflector, and a pair of the cylindrical lenses are installed at the left and right image capturing ports of the two-to-four-plane reflector so that the focal line is in the horizontal direction. A two- or three-dimensional video capturing device suitable for wide-angle shooting, in which a single light-receiving element is provided on the image forming surface and a shooting device for monitoring a region 75% from the left or right in the horizontal direction with a viewfinder is added. Is done.

Further, said one light receiving element divided vertically into two, and means for independently taking out the video of said divided area as left and right video signals and compressing them by an image compression system including MPEG-2 system. Including a separation signal for restoring and separating as the video, when a signal processing system capable of recording / reproduction is added or in the signal processing system, the right video, the left video, the right This is effectively provided by the two- or three-dimensional video capturing device to which a signal reproduction system that can be selected from the three types of left video is added.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the basic concept of the present invention, and is a top view of an optical system viewed from above. Here, the subject 5, the unit 1, the lens 4, the slit diaphragm 2, and the image planes 3 and s are described as the horizontal width of the image plane from the left.

To explain the basic principle of the present invention, it is known that a subject 5 indicated as t0 in front and infinity forms an image on st0 which is originally the center of the image forming plane 3 in one optical system. Have been. In the three-dimensional (three-dimensional representation is used for three-dimensional representation) video capturing apparatus of the present invention, the subjects 5, 5
Is formed on the image forming plane 3, and the point is to divide the images of the subjects 5 and 5 upward and downward in the figure to form an image.

More specifically, in order to use the image as the three-dimensional image, the image of the object 5 is captured by two left and right (upper and lower in the figure) two-dimensional images due to the difference in the parallax angle in the horizontal direction. Need to be captured as For this purpose, the image forming position 3 of the right optical path 9 is horizontally shifted from the center to st1 by s / 4.
Just forcibly move. Similarly, left optical path 1
0 is also imaged at the symmetric position st2. At this time, if the angle 11 with respect to the optical axis necessary to change the optical path is θ1,
θ1 is given by Equation 1 from the relationship between the lateral width S of the imaging surface 3 and the focal length f0.
Is shown in Equation 1.

[0029]

(Equation 1)

At the obtained angle θ1, the object 5,
5 to st1 and st2 with a parallax angle of (2 × θ1)
The image is divided into two left and right two-dimensional images. The unit 1 has a function of giving θ1 symmetrically to the left and right optical paths. The left and right divided lines of the video are
Light outside the right optical path 9 and the left optical path 10 is st0, respectively.
Is formed by passing vertically through the position of
When the aperture stop (not shown) is open, the light diffraction phenomenon and the optical system are cylindrical, so that the left and right images overlap each other in the form of a band or an ellipse without forming a boundary line.

In order to prevent this and to make the overlap closer to a line, a pair of slit diaphragms 2 are arranged on the left and right at the same position as the aperture stop. Aperture, without sacrificing significant brightness and independent of depth of focus correction,
The right image can be separated clearly and clearly. In the prior art, in all the inventions, θ1 and the image plane 3
Overlooked the relationship between the lateral width S and the focal length f0, and made a serious error.

As a result, as for the means for separating the left and right images, means for overlooking or originally not functioning have been proposed and cannot be realized. Further, only by correctly recognizing this theoretical relationship, it is possible to cope with a change in the focal length f0 of the lens (zoom shooting).

Next, a description will be given of a two- or three-dimensional video capturing apparatus of the present invention using the following three types of units 1. FIGS. 2, 3 and 8 show a first system used for the unit 1. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a main part of a two-to-four plane reflecting mirror used in the first embodiment of the present invention. Is two to four in FIG.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of an optical path divided into two plane reflecting mirrors, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a main part of a two- and three-dimensional image capturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The unit 1 can adopt three systems, and the points are two-to-four plane reflecting mirrors 7 composed of two pairs and four plane reflecting mirrors 12, 13, 14, and 15. The pair 14 and 15 are fixed at an angle of about 90 degrees to each other and at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis, and the other pair 12 and 13 are configured to be outwardly separated in an inverted C shape. The unit 1 is a system in which the angle can be variably controlled according to the focal length of the zoom lens, and it has been found as a result of earnest research that it is suitable for the above principle.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 9 show a second system used in the unit 1. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a main part of an arrowhead type composite achromatic prism used in the second embodiment of the present invention. 5A and 5B are plan views of a main part in which a cylindrical lens is arranged on the arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism of FIG. 4, FIG. 5A is a plan view of a main part, and FIG.
9 is a side view of main parts, p, u, v, and y are corresponding positions. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of main parts of a two- and three-dimensional video capturing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

The point is an arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6, the main part of the appearance of which is shown. A combination of an arrowhead type composite achromatic prism 6 and a cylindrical lens can be used. The arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism 6 is obtained by bonding two prisms 30 and 31 together, fixing the apex angle and directing the apex angle toward the subject, and calculating the apex of the apex angle based on the vertical angle of view at the optimal zoom focal length. It is necessary that the valley side has a concentric circle on the circumference of a radius r1 (described later).
At the same time, an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism 6 and a cylindrical lens 45 having a focal line distance of several meters to several tens of meters are installed in front of the prism so that the focal line is in the horizontal direction.

A description will be given of a point that a cylindrical lens having a focal line distance of several meters to several tens of meters is provided. In the present invention, the focal line distance is determined by the vertical angle of view at the optimum focal length of the lens 4 and the type of glass constituting the arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism 6, and is practically about 5 to 30 meters. It is. In the present invention, it is possible to realize a wider range from 3 meters to 60 meters. More precisely, it is preferable that the center part of the lens has the focal line distance, and the left and right peripheral portions have a slightly longer focal line distance.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 10 show a third system in which the units 1 are used in combination. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a main part of a combination of a two-to-four plane reflecting mirror, an arrowhead type composite achromatic prism and a cylindrical lens used in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is another arrowhead type composite achromatic prism. (A) is a plan view of a main part, (b) is a side view of the main part, p, u, v, and y are corresponding positions. FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a main part of a three-dimensional video capturing device.

A combination of a two-to-four plane reflecting mirror, an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism 6 and a cylindrical lens can be used. These three units will be described in more detail. Here, the cylindrical lens 45 can be omitted by stretching the image in the vertical direction or shortening the image in the horizontal direction. Since the lens system is not directly related to the present invention, the lens system is originally a plurality of lens groups. However, for convenience, the lens system is represented by one ideal lens 4. Similarly, the optical lens includes a sensor (not shown) capable of detecting focal length information.

[0040]

Embodiment 1 FIG. 2 shows a two-to-four plane reflecting mirror 7 which is one of the constitutions of the present invention viewed from above. These are two-to-four plane reflections used in the unit 1 in the first method. In particular, it must be a surface mirror in which aluminum is vapor-deposited on the surface, not a general rear surface mirror.

FIG. 2 shows the apparatus of the present invention in a horizontal state, in which a lens tip 4, flat mirrors 12, 13, 14, and
15, fulcrum 16. The V-shaped plane mirrors 14 and 15 at the center consist of a pair and are fixed at approximately 90 degrees and approximately 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis, respectively, and are arranged immediately before the front lens of the optical lens 4. The outer inverted C-shaped plane mirrors 12 and 13 are similarly formed as a pair. The fulcrum 16 is symmetrically controlled by an ultrasonic motor or the like via an controller at an angle 18 shown as θ3 according to the information on the focal length on the lens side, and as a result, an angle 11 (half angle of the parallax angle) is given. . Here, a stepping motor other than an ultrasonic motor can be used as the motor, and it can be arbitrarily selected from applications, costs, and the like.

The plane mirrors 14 and 15 are formed as a pair and each have a substantially 90 degree angle. Ideally, however, it is desirable that the angle is exactly 90 degrees. However, a slight tolerance is allowed due to fluctuations in the range of intersection and other use conditions. . Similar tolerances should be observed for angles of approximately 45 degrees to the optical axis. Here, an angle 11 indicated by θ1 and an angle 18 indicated by θ3
Has a relationship that the angle θ1 is twice as large as the angle θ3. Also, θ
The angle 8 indicated by 0 represents a value that is 1/2 of the horizontal angle of view of the optical lens. Here, θ0 is the horizontal angle of view, θ2 is １ ／ of the parallax angle, and the effective diameter d at the tip of the lens 4 is represented by the horizontal width W of the unit 1 (two-to-four plane reflecting mirror 7) in the horizontal direction. , Equation 2 of Equation 2.

[0043]

(Equation 2) In the case of a wide-angle photographing lens, the angle of view increases, and the horizontal width W of the unit also increases. Incidentally, when it is calculated by a relational expression, when θ0 = 30 degrees, the horizontal width W of the unit 1 in the horizontal direction is about seven times the effective diameter d of the tip of the optical lens, and when the angle θ0 = 20 degrees, the horizontal width W is 4 About twice as much. This relationship is shown in Table 1 as Comparative 1 and Comparative 2.

[0044]

[Table 1]

[0045]

Second Embodiment FIGS. 4 and 5 show an apparatus according to a second embodiment.
These are the second type, and the arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism 6 used in the unit 1 is a main part. Convex prism 3
Numeral 0 denotes a crown type glass, and concave side prism 31 denotes an arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6 using a flint type glass and having a fixed vertical angle. FIG. 4 shows the upper surface of the arrowhead type composite achromatic prism 6,
The upper half of FIG. 5 is shown as FIG. 4, and the lower half is shown as a side view thereof. This is shown with the cylindrical lens 45 arranged.

The arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6 shown in FIG. 4 is designed so that the red (long wavelength) 34 and the violet (short wavelength) 35 are parallel to each other when the light 32 incident from the front exits. It is designed such that after being transmitted through the convex prism 30, the dispersed light is converted into parallel light by the concave prism 31.

The reason for this is that no matter what angle
According to the principle that a parallel ray (an object at infinity) is imaged at a focal point by a lens, the chromatic aberration of the object at infinity is almost completely corrected on the imaging surface 3. By designing in this manner, chromatic aberration can be minimized, and abnormal position movement on the iridescent, red, or purple image plane on the boundary line can be minimized. If this design is neglected, it becomes impossible to reproduce a three-dimensional image of a subject such as red and purple. In addition, since the bonding surface 38 has a physically finite width, unnecessary stray light appears at the center, which may cause a ghost in an image. Therefore, in this case, in order to remove a ghost, it is necessary to apply a stain 37 having an appropriate width to the concave side valley line.

By giving the ridge line radius r1 and the valley line r2 the circumference in FIG. 5, the angle 11 indicated by θ1 can be kept constant within the range of δ of the angle 43. The angle δ indicated by δ has the value of the vertical angle of view of the optical lens, and in the case of wide-angle zoom, the angle δ becomes large. As the angle δ increases, this prism has the appearance of an anamorphic lens with a horizontal (minus to tens of meters) focal line, requiring a cylindrical lens 45 to correct it. Becomes The expression of several meters to several tens of meters should be understood as having the same meaning as described above. However, the cylindrical lens 45 is not always an essential optical element depending on the zoom ratio, and can be omitted by extending in the vertical direction or shortening in the horizontal direction by image signal processing.

Here, the shapes of the prisms 30 and 31 are determined by Expression 3 of Equation 3.

(Equation 3) r1 is the radius from the ridge line of the prism 6 to the center 44. δ is the vertical angle of view of the screen at the optimum focal length within the zoom range, and this distance is an angle determined under the following conditions. 1. Middle of zoom range. Or, 2. The focal length that people feel most naturally, for example, 35 mm
In a single-lens reflex camera, the focal length is around 50 mm. 3. The focal length that is expected to be the most frequently used. d is the effective diameter of the lens tip d tu is the center thickness of the prism 6 r2 is the value obtained by subtracting the center thickness tu of the prism 6 from the radius r1 from the ridge line to the center of the prism 6.

The arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism 6 of the unit 1 needs to be coated with an antireflection film having a reflectance of less than 1% on the light incident surface and the light exit surface. This antireflection film is an essential process for removing irregular reflection inside the prism to the utmost and securing a clear image without impairing the resolving power of the lens.

[0051]

Third Embodiment FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment. This is a third system in which the units 1 of the first and second embodiments are used in combination. FIG. 6 is a composite type comprising a combination of a two-to-four flat reflecting mirror 7 composed of two pairs and four pieces and an arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6, and illustrates the main parts when viewed horizontally from above. Things. FIG. 7 is a view for explaining a main part of the third embodiment, in which the arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6 used in FIG. 6 is taken out. The upper half is the same as the prism of FIG. 6, and the lower half is shown as a side view thereof.

The feature is that the unit 1 can be made compact in wide-angle shooting. As shown in FIG. 7, in the arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6, the ridge line of the convex surface of the light incident surface is not an arc but a straight line, and only the concave surface of the exit surface is an arc. In this unit 1, since the correction of chromatic aberration and the correction of reciprocal field curvature are in a trade-off relationship, the value of r2 is determined by the angle θ0 in wide-angle shooting and the correction of chromatic aberration and reciprocal field curvature. However, it may basically conform to r2 in FIG. However, the degree of anamorphic lens formation of the prism is larger than that of the method of FIGS. 4 and 5, and the necessity of the cylindrical lens 45 of FIG. 6 is increased. As before, the cylindrical lens 45 can be omitted by extending it vertically or shortening it horizontally by image signal processing.

Next, Table 1 is a comparison table of the reduction ratio of the lateral width of the apparatus when the two-to-four plane reflecting mirror and the arrowhead type composite achromatizing prism are employed. In the case where the arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6 in which the half angle of the parallax angle θ1 is 6 degrees is adopted in the two- and three-dimensional video capturing device of the present invention of the third embodiment,
7 is a comparison table of the reduction ratio of the lateral width of the device of the present invention between the second embodiment and the third embodiment, derived from the relational expression. The relationship between the effective diameter d at the tip of the optical lens and the horizontal width W of the two-to-four plane reflecting mirror 7 device indicates that the device is compact.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing an optical system excluding the viewfinder of the two- or three-dimensional video capturing device of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration and a theory that can change θ1 by controlling a reflecting mirror outside a two-to-four flat reflecting mirror 7 composed of two pairs and four elements according to a focal length. FIG. 11 is a modified explanatory view of FIG. 1 showing a basic configuration in the case of employing an arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism 6 having a fixed apex angle. FIG. ) In the moving direction.

The most significant feature of this method is that two light receiving elements on the image forming surface can be opened and closed horizontally and left and right in accordance with a change in the focal length. Since θ1, which is a half angle of the parallax angle, is always fixed, the light receiving element 3 moves S1 between C1 and C2.
A mechanism for opening and closing equivalent to m is required. This Sm is obtained from Expression 4 of Expression 4.

(Equation 4) Given as The handling of the lens system is the same as described above, and is represented as an ideal lens 4.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the video output from the light receiving element is confirmed through the viewfinder on the monitor of the present invention. This is an explanatory diagram for facilitating the understanding in a case where a photographing device for monitoring with a finder is added to the device of the first or third embodiment. It is finally determined from the positional relationship between the star at infinity and the tree that is the subject to be watched whether or not the two- or three-dimensional image capturing apparatus of the present invention is normally shooting. The method is shown in FIG.
In the area of 75% from the right in FIG. 2, the tree 53 to be watched is divided into half at the left end of the visual field, and the tree 54 can be confirmed at the right side of the visual field at a position 25% from the right. In this state, it can be determined that the video is normally separated and captured to the left and right at the position of 50%. Therefore, 50% and 25% above and below the framer
It is necessary to have a mark such as an inverted triangle and a triangle indicating the position of. 50% and 25% in the viewfinder
A vertical reticle line indicating the% position is required. A 75% area is possible even from the left. In addition, the position of the subject that is not watched, for example, the stars 55 and 56 at infinity is not considered.

[0057]

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a video signal processing circuit for a two- or three-dimensional video capturing device according to the present invention, which is characterized by image processing in the first or third embodiment. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a video signal processing block circuit for a two- and three-dimensional video capturing device according to the present invention, which is characterized by image processing according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a circuit for controlling the two- and three-dimensional video capturing device 70 according to the present invention. The subject image passed through the taking lens is taken into the CCD 71,
The video output is amplified by the amplifier 73 and input to the video signal left / right dividing circuit 74. The video signal is further divided and input to a finder / monitor control circuit 75 to be viewed as a video signal divided left and right by a monitor 76, for example, a glasses type monitor.

In order to stereoscopically view an image photographed by the present invention, a "Glastron" (trade name) manufactured by Sony Corporation or an "Itrek FMD011F" (trade name) manufactured by Olympus Optical Industrial Co., Ltd. Name) is appropriate. On the other hand, the divided signal is data-compressed and is taken out from the separation signal circuit of the data compression processing circuit 77 through the recording / reproducing circuit 78 as an output from 80 in order to take out the left and right divided images again. Also,
It is output to the video data recorder 79.

Specifically, the following method can be used. In the video signal left and right division circuit, left and right division means,
Image signal processing such as image size output is required. For this purpose, left and right video signals are extracted from a continuous image output from the CCD, and are synchronously output as left and right video signals of the image. At the time of photographing, an identification signal is taken into image information as a left or right image, and subsequent processing can be performed as left / right identification information. A 75% image is output to the finder 72 from either the left or right in the horizontal direction of the video signal not processed by the video signal left / right division circuit 74. To the monitor, specify the left and right of the image, size, sound, secondary to 3
Control output such as selection of the next screen is provided.

These can use the A / D conversion technology of the video output in the video signal left / right division circuit. In the circuit section 74, the video signal is digitized, written into the memory, and image-compressed by the MPEG-2 system.
Here, it goes without saying that the MPEG-4 system and other image compression techniques are selected according to the final market requirements. In addition, video signals can be used for moving image compression, and can be processed by various image compression techniques to be proposed in the future. In the present invention, the embodiment using the MPEG-2 method has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Furthermore, it is also possible to digitize the image without compressing the image and write it to the memory. The timing of writing and reading of the memory in the circuit section 74, the control of the range, the clock frequency, the order of reading and writing, and the like are controlled.

In FIG. 14, the CCD 7 forming the light receiving element 3 is used.
1, 71 are arranged. Left due to focal length change,
The system in which the CCD is separated to the right is suitable for the video signal processing in the second embodiment. Here, the left and right information is already C
The circuit section 74 does not exist because the image information of the CD is divided into images. Therefore, although there are other blocks, the operation is almost the same as described above.

FIG. 15 illustrates the relationship between the slit stop and the brightness stop in the optical lens of the present invention in a sectional view orthogonal to the optical axis at the stop position. The slit stop 2 and the brightness stop 17 do not matter in the front-rear relationship, but are arranged at almost the same position. The slit stop is narrowed down from the left and right by two rectangular slits in the vertical direction. The slit stop and the brightness stop are each independently controlled. In the present invention, the shape of the aperture stop 17 is preferably a regular hexagon or a regular octagon. The arrangement position is originally the normal position of the aperture stop in the ideal lens 4, but is displayed outside the ideal lens 4 because it forms a part of the feature of the present invention.

According to the present invention, special effects as shown in Table 2 were confirmed from the above-described configuration. FIG. 9 shows the results of comparison between Conventional Techniques 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, from which the excellent effects of the present invention are clearly recognized. In addition, as described above, the present invention relates to 3
Next, that is, it has been described that two-dimensional information can be recognized from two images. However, it is possible to display a video output of so-called two-dimensional information that is not three-dimensional on a monitor.
Specifically, the information from the CCD can be monitored as it is by selectively selecting the image dividing means in the circuit section 74. This is useful for use in a pre-processing stage of a three-dimensional image in advance.

[0065]

[Table 2] From these results, the features of the present invention will be easily understood.

[0066]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is apparent that many excellent effects are produced. In particular, the effects as compared with the conventional method are as listed in Table 2. In particular, in the optical performance aspect of the present invention, zooming is achieved, and many problems such as resolution of prism chromatic aberration and resolution of prism reciprocal field curvature in which the telegraph pole becomes "C" or "reverse C" on the left and right sides. The effect can be expected. Furthermore, in terms of operability, it is easy to operate, the device can be downsized, and it can be provided as a device with a wide range of applications. An essential effect has been found in the change of images, which is a problem in stereoscopic photography, particularly in the case of a rapidly moving subject or an unpredictable subject position change. Another example is the ease of zoom shooting. Furthermore, in the second embodiment in which the apex angle is fixed, consideration of the full angle of the parallax of a person can bring about a natural three-dimensional feeling and a sense of reality. For example, Hi
It would be possible to minimize the occurrence of damage by checking the in-flight layout information with stereoscopic images before the in-flight intrusion by the police special unit in order to prevent jacking.

At present, two-dimensional video technology called 3D in computer graphics and the like is not perfect. If you use extreme expressions, you just use the optical illusion. There are essential drawbacks, such as irregularities being changed when gazing or turning upside down. However, if this is an unknown or unexplored image, the unevenness of the object is an important factor. The present invention solves these theoretical elucidations, and it is considered that demand for three-dimensional (three-dimensional) imaging by one camera instead of two cameras will increase in the future. When the arrowhead type composite achromatism prism 6 of the second aspect is employed, the size of the apparatus can be reduced, and the structure can be expected to be robust.

[0068]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a basic concept of the present invention and is a top view of an optical system viewed from above.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a main part of the two-to-four plane reflecting mirror used in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an optical path obtained by separating the two-to-four plane reflecting mirror of FIG. 2 into two parts;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a main part of an arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism.

5 is a plan view of a main part in which a cylindrical lens is arranged on the arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism of FIG. 4, (a) is a plan view of the main part, and (b) is a diagram with p, u, v, and y (FIG. side view of the relevant part showing the corresponding positional relationship with a)

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a principal part in a state where a two-to-four-plane reflecting mirror, an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism, and a cylindrical lens are combined.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a main part of another arrowhead type composite achromatism prism,
(A) is a plan view of a main part, and (b) is a side view of the main part showing a corresponding positional relationship with FIG. (A) in p, u, v, y.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a main part of the apparatus of the present invention for the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a main part of an apparatus of the present invention for a second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a main part of an apparatus of the present invention for a third embodiment.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a basic configuration when a fixed apex angle prism is employed.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state confirmed by a monitor according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a video signal processing block circuit diagram for the device of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is another video signal processing block circuit diagram of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between a slit diaphragm and a brightness diaphragm according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 unit 2 slit aperture 3 imaging surface 4 ideal lens 5 subject 6 arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism 7 two-to-four plane reflecting mirror 11 parallax angle θ1 12 plane reflecting mirror 13 plane reflecting mirror 14 plane reflecting mirror 15 plane reflecting mirror 17 Brightness stop 30 Prism 31 Prism 37 Sumi coating 38 Bonding surface 45 Cylindrical lens 70 Image capturing device 71 CCD 72 Finder 74 Video signal left / right division circuit 75 Finder / monitor control circuit 77 Data compression processing circuit

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A zoom lens provided with a slit diaphragm in close proximity to a brightness diaphragm, wherein said slit diaphragm can be controlled independently of said brightness diaphragm, and has a sensor capable of detecting focal length information. In front of the lens, just before the lens, a pair of flat mirrors consisting of two pairs and four lenses. One pair is fixed at an angle of about 90 degrees on the inside and about 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis, and the other pair is on the outside. A two- or three-dimensional image capture system comprising a two-to-four plane reflecting mirror separated into an inverted U-shape and angle varying means for sensing the focal length of the zoom lens and variably controlling the angle with a motor or the like. apparatus. 2. A zoom lens provided with a slit diaphragm in close proximity to a brightness diaphragm, wherein said slit diaphragm can be controlled independently of said brightness diaphragm, and has a sensor capable of detecting focal length information. Immediately before and just before the tip of the lens, the ridge line having the fixed apex angle is an arc having a radius r1 calculated based on the vertical angle of view at the zoom optimum focal length, and the valley side is also an arc concentric with the arc having the radius r2. And an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism having a cylindrical lens having a focal line distance of several meters to several tens of meters on the object side from the prism, and a vertex angle of the prism facing the object side. Cylindrical
A two- or three-dimensional image capturing device in which a lens is installed so that a focal line is in a horizontal direction. 3. A zoom lens provided with a slit stop in close proximity to a brightness stop, wherein the slit stop can be controlled independently of the brightness stop and has a sensor capable of detecting focal length information. An arrowhead-type composite achromatism prism having a fixed apex angle, a straight ridge line, and an arc of radius r2 on the valley side, immediately before the front end of the lens and immediately after the two-to-four-plane reflecting mirror provided with the angle varying means, The apex angle is arranged to face the two-to-four-plane reflector, and a pair of the cylindrical lenses are placed at the left and right image capturing ports of the two-to-four-plane reflector so that the focal line is horizontal. 2 and 3D video capturing device suitable for wide-angle photography installed in the city. 4. An image pickup apparatus comprising a single light receiving element on an image forming surface, and an image pickup device for monitoring a region 75% from the left or right in the horizontal direction with a viewfinder.
2. The two- or three-dimensional image capturing device according to claim 1. 5. The one light receiving element vertically divided into two,
Means for independently extracting the video of the divided area as left and right video signals, compressing the video by an image compression method including the MPEG-2 system, and a separation signal for restoring again and enabling separation as the video 4. A two- or three-dimensional video capturing device according to claim 1, further comprising a signal processing system capable of recording and reproducing. 6. The one light receiving element vertically divided into two,
Means for independently extracting the video of the divided area as left and right video signals, compressing the video by an image compression method including the MPEG-2 system, and a separation signal for restoring again and enabling separation as the video 4. The signal processing system according to claim 1, further comprising a signal reproduction system which can be selected from three systems of a right image, a left image, and right and left images, in the signal processing system capable of recording / reproduction. , 3D video capture device. 7. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein a ridge line having a fixed apex angle is an arc having a radius r1 calculated on the basis of a vertical angle of view of a zoom optimum focal length and a valley side immediately before and at the tip of the optical lens. Also, an arrowhead-type composite achromatic prism having an arc concentric with the arc having a radius r2, and the cylindrical lens are provided. Are installed in the horizontal direction, two light-receiving elements are arranged on the image plane, and the light-receiving elements can be opened and closed in the horizontal direction according to the focal length of the optical lens during zooming. And a two- or three-dimensional video capturing device to which a photographing device having a mechanism capable of monitoring either a left or right video by a finder is added. 8. The two or a pair of light receiving elements, means for compressing left and right video signals respectively of the light receiving elements by an image compression method including an MPEG-2 method, and restoring again as the image. Includes a separation signal to enable separation, recording and
8. A signal processing system for enabling reproduction.
2. The two- or three-dimensional video capturing device according to claim 1. 9. The two- or three-dimensional video capturing device according to claim 8, wherein a signal reproducing system that can be selected from three systems of right video, left video, and right and left video is added to said signal processing system. 10. An arrowhead having a fixed apex angle, a straight ridge line, and a valley side having an arc of radius r2, immediately after said two-to-four plane reflecting mirror having said optical lens and said angle varying means. A composite achromatic prism is disposed facing the two-to-four-plane reflecting mirror, and a pair of the cylindrical lenses are connected to the left and right image capturing ports of the two-to-four-plane reflecting mirror so that the focal line is in the horizontal direction. 2 and 3 dimensions suitable for wide-angle photographing, which is provided with a single light-receiving element on the image forming surface and a photographing device for monitoring a region 75% from the left or right in the horizontal direction with a viewfinder. Video capture device. 11. A single light receiving element which is vertically divided into two, and means for independently taking out an image of the divided area as left and right image signals and compressing the image by an image compression method including the MPEG-2 method. 11. The two- and three-dimensional video capturing device according to claim 10, further comprising a signal processing system for enabling recording and reproduction, including a separation signal for restoring again and separating the image. 12. The two- and three-dimensional video capturing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a signal reproducing system that can be selected from three systems of right video, left video, and right and left video is added to said signal processing system.