JP2000060872A - Dental implant and transplantation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shorten the period from extraction to the mounting of an artificial tooth or denture to a dental implant to be mounted right after the removal of the tooth by forming this implant 10 of a transplantation part for insertion into the patient's alveolar bone and a fixing pin for connecting the alveolar bone and the transplantation part. SOLUTION: The dental implant 10 includes a peak surface 12, a peripheral wall structure 14 and a bottom end 16. The circumference of this peripheral wall structure 14 is provided with an array of short rotary screw thread parts 18. These short rotary screw thread parts 18 are so designed that the implant 10 may be surely mounted. An insertion port 20 is formed at the apex of the implant 10 to allow screwing of the artificial tooth, denture or abutment tooth. The fixing pin 26 extends in a through-hole. This fixing pin 26 is adapted to be made turnable by a tool inserted from the insertion port 20. Further, a rotary nut 22 is formed at the circumference of the insertion port 20 at the peak surface 12 and is used at the time of mounting the implant 10 into the cavity formed at the patient's alveolar bone.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dental implant and a method for implanting the implant, and more particularly to an efficient and effective dental implant and a method for implanting the implant immediately after the tooth is removed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Natural teeth are often lost as a result of tooth disease, trauma or damage. In recent years, an increasing number of dentists and oral surgeons have turned their attention to implants as a suitable and satisfactory means of repairing teeth lost due to disease or trauma. Such implants are an attractive alternative to other options. This is because the use of an implant enables a very close restoration to a natural tooth without changing the structure or appearance of the adjacent natural tooth as seen when the patient selects an denture.

[0003]

Generally, in the conventional method, the tooth is removed first in the transplant surgery. After extraction, the patient returns home and is then left for a period of approximately 3 to 12 months until the root cavity created by the extraction closes and adheres. This is because the implants on the market are generally cylindrical in shape, and therefore naturally do not fit the generally tapered shape or conical shape of the cavity due to tooth extraction. As a result, conventional cylindrical implants cannot be inserted directly into the naturally formed tapered extraction cavity. Therefore, after tooth extraction, one has to wait for the extraction cavity to close due to adhesions. When the root cavity closes and adheres, the patient returns for the next procedure. Then, the fused site is perforated to form a transplant cavity in the area where the extracted tooth was previously located. The cavity or cavity formed by the perforations is slightly smaller than the diameter of the particular implant selected. Once the implant cavity is created, friction grips may be used to insert the implant into the cavity,
Screw into the cavity with a self-tapping screw. Therefore a second adhesion period is required after this. It takes time for the bone substance around the implant to spread toward the implant and mechanically fix the implant. Depending on the age of the patient and the location of the oral cavity, the second adhesion period typically ranges from about 3 to 12 months. Once the integration is achieved, i.e. the bone material has grown sufficiently to hit the implant directly, the dentist can attach the artificial tooth or denture to the implant.

While dental implants are generally desirable, it is clear that they have some problems and many inconveniences. It is not uncommon for the period between extraction and final placement of the denture to range from 6 to 18 months. Moreover, during this long period, the patient may have to endure inconvenience, discomfort, and sometimes injury.

In addition to the time and inconvenience associated with conventional implantation procedures, it can be difficult to maintain implant stability after the implant is properly placed and the denture is placed. By definition, insertion type implants tend to lack substantial contact between the implant and the bone material.
Therefore, the adhesion period is long. Lack of substantial contact with the bone increases the time it takes for the implant to integrate with the bone. Screw type implants are also difficult to place and stabilize. Generally, the thread pattern of screw-type implants has to go around for the implant to be attached. Bone quality varies within and around the implant cavity. In an implant with a multi-threaded thread pattern, the screw tends to push the implant into the relatively soft bone. As a result, the placement of the entire implant in the patient's alveolar bone structure will be misaligned.

Finally, implants are generally designed to conform to a generally cylindrical shape. Moreover, typical implants are unitary in construction and do not include additional or auxiliary means for interconnecting the implant to the alveolar bone structure. Attach the denture to the top of the implant,
When patients begin to chew food using implants,
The stress on the denture, vertical and horizontal forces, and rotational torque are transmitted downward to the implant. If the implant is not stable and is not tightly fixed in the implant cavity, it will easily rotate when subjected to stress, force or torque. As a result, the implant becomes loose in the implant cavity, causing the implant to slip out of the cavity, loosen and become unstable in the cavity and must be removed from the patient's alveolar bone.

Also, as mentioned above, the most common implants currently sold are cylindrical in shape. Therefore, the outer wall is not generally tapered or conical. Due to the cylindrical shape, considerable stress and force are concentrated on the lower end of the implant tooth, and the concentrated stress and force cause the implant to loosen, making the implant unstable in the oral cavity of the patient.

The present invention is directed to dental implants and methods of implanting implants designed to overcome the deficiencies and problems associated with conventional dental implants and transplant surgery procedures.

First, this method is to fix the implant immediately after the tooth extraction without placing an adhesion period between the tooth extraction and the attachment of the implant. In performing this method, the dentist or oral surgeon selects a reamer that best fits the implant dimensions. Immediately after tooth extraction, the selected reamer is inserted into the post-extraction cavity and a reaming procedure is performed so that the post-extraction cavity shape and contour is suitable for insertion of the selected implant. Once reamed to form a well-opened cavity, the reamed post extraction tooth cavity is securely fitted with the selected implant. After that, there is a fusion period during which bone integration is performed. In other words, during this period, the bone around the implant grows and adheres to the implant, so that the implant is securely attached to the reamed cavity after extraction. Once the integration is achieved, the dentist can fix the artificial or denture on the top of the implant.

The dental implant according to the present invention comprises a generally vertically projecting fixation pin for interconnecting the implant to the alveolar bone of a patient. In one embodiment, the implant includes an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion having an offset portion that projects outward relative to the lower portion. The fixation pin and implant are designed so that the fixation pin projects downwardly from the offset into the patient's alveolar bone. According to a second embodiment, the implant of the invention comprises an insertion opening formed in the top of the dental implant and a through hole extending from the insertion opening into the wall structure of the dental implant. To attach and fix such a design to the patient's alveolar bone, the fixing pin is inserted from the insertion port into the through hole, and the fixing pin is fixed to the adjacent portion of the patient's alveolar bone with a screw. In either case, the fixing pin that interconnects the implant and the alveolar bone can securely fix the implant to the alveolar bone, and substantially prevent the rotation of the implant when subjected to stress or load.

[0011] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of performing dental transplantation which can shorten the period conventionally required until the artificial tooth or the artificial tooth is attached to the implant after the tooth extraction.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing a dental transplant operation in which an implant can be inserted or attached to a dental cavity immediately after tooth extraction.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a dental implant method that reduces the time and cost of transplant surgery.

Another object of the present invention is a method of surgically implanting an implant without the need to wait for the cavity to heal and close after tooth extraction and without perforating the cavity in the patient's alveolar bone. Is to provide.

[0015] A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing dental transplantation, in which a reaming process for treating an extraction cavity is performed after extraction to accommodate an implant having a size corresponding to the size of the root portion of the extracted tooth. That is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a dental implant that can be easily fixed to the alveolar bone of a patient.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a dental implant including a short rotation screw capable of rotating the implant 360 degrees or less and screwing the implant into a post-extraction cavity formed in the alveolar bone. .

It is another object of the present invention to provide a dental implant that includes a fixation pin that extends generally downwardly from the top of the implant to connect with the alveolar bone and effectively interconnect the implant and the alveolar bone.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings, which are merely illustrative of the present invention.

[0020]

Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.

The invention of claim 1 comprises an implant portion for insertion into the alveolar bone of a patient, and a fixing pin protruding in a substantially vertical direction for interconnecting the alveolar bone of the patient and the implant portion. Dental implant.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the implant portion and the fixing pin each include a longitudinal axis, and when implanted in the alveolar bone, the implant portion and the fixing pin extend in a substantially parallel relationship. The dental implant according to claim 1.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the implant portion includes an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion including an offset portion projecting outward with respect to the lower portion, and the fixing pin extends from the offset portion to the patient of the patient. 3. Projecting downward into the alveolar bone
The dental implant according to 1.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the third aspect, wherein a hole is formed in the offset portion of the implant portion, and the fixing pin passes through the hole.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the first aspect, wherein the implant portion and the fixing pin are longitudinally aligned with the alveolar bone of the patient after implantation.

The invention according to claim 6 is the dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the implanting part includes a screw part having a set of short-rotating screw parts for fixing the implanting part to the alveolar bone. is there.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the sixth aspect, wherein the fixing pin includes a screw portion for screwing with the alveolar bone.

In the invention of claim 8, a fixing pin through hole which is formed in the transplanting portion and can reach from the top of the implanting portion is included in the implanting portion, and the fixing pin extends from the fixing pin through hole to the alveoli. The dental implant of claim 1, extending to bone.

[0029] The invention according to claim 9 is the dental implant according to claim 8, wherein an insertion port is opened at the top of the implant part, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the insert port through the implant part. Is.

In the invention of claim 10, the insertion port includes a peripheral wall structure, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the peripheral wall structure of the insertion port through the main body of the implant portion. The described dental implant.

The invention of claim 11 is a dental implant comprising an implant portion including an upper portion for insertion into the alveolar bone of a patient, and a fixing pin protruding from the upper portion of the implant portion to the alveolar bone.

A twelfth aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the fixing pin extends substantially perpendicular to the implant portion.

A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the twelfth aspect, wherein the upper portion of the implant portion includes an offset portion, and the fixing pin projects downward from the offset portion to the alveolar bone of the patient. Is.

A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the dental treatment according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein a hole is formed in the offset portion of the implant portion, and the fixing pin extends downward from the hole to the alveolar bone of the patient. It is an implant.

The invention of claim 15 is a rotation of two, three or one.
12. The dental implant of claim 11, wherein the implant includes a threaded portion with a set of short-turn screws to secure the implant to the alveolar bone of the patient upon rotation.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, a fixing pin that can be reached from the top of the implanting portion is formed in the implanting portion, and the fixing pin extends from the fixing pin through hole to the alveolar bone. The dental implant according to 1.

The invention according to claim 17 is the dentistry according to claim 16, wherein an insertion port opening to the top is formed in the transplantation part, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the insertion port into the transplantation part. It is an implant.

[0038] The invention of claim 18 is the dental implant according to claim 11, wherein a lower end portion of a conical shape is included in the transplant portion.

The invention of claim 19 is a method of implanting a dental implant in the alveolar bone of a patient, comprising the steps of: a) removing the tooth from the alveolar bone of the patient leaving a root cavity, and b) removing the tooth. And then reaming the root cavity to form a reamed implant cavity; c) implanting a dental implant directly into the reamed implant cavity before the root cavity heals and closes;
Is a method consisting of.

The invention of claim 20 is the method of claim 19 including the step of selecting a reamer from a set of reamers of various sizes.

The invention of claim 21 is the method of claim 20 wherein the set of reamers is compatible with the set of standard implants.

The invention according to claim 22 is the method according to claim 21, wherein after the tooth extraction, an implant is selected from a set of standard implants according to the size of a part of the root structure of the extracted tooth.

The invention of claim 23 is the method of claim 19 wherein said reaming step comprises selecting a reamer compatible with the implant selected for said root cavity from a set of reamers of various sizes. Is the way.

A twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the twenty-third aspect, wherein the reaming method is implemented by a cone-shaped reamer.

According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, the implant part is inserted into the implant cavity after reaming, and the fixing pin is inserted from the implant part into the alveolar bone to attach the implant part to the alveolar bone. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein is included in the implanting step.

[0046] The invention of claim 26 is the method according to claim 19, wherein an upper portion is included in the implant portion, and a fixing pin projects from the upper portion to the alveolar bone to fix the implant portion.

A twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention is the method according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein the implanting portion includes a pair of short-turn screws.

According to a twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention, the implant portion and the fixing pin or screw each include a longitudinal axis, and when implanted in the reamed implant cavity, the implant portion and the fixing pin have a longitudinal axis. 3. Extending in a generally parallel relationship
The method described in 5 above.

According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the invention, the implant portion includes an upper portion and a lower portion, and the upper portion includes an offset portion projecting outward with respect to the lower portion, and the fixing pin extends from the offset portion to the patient. 29. The method of claim 28, which projects generally downward into the alveolar bone.

The invention of claim 30 is the method of claim 29, including the step of longitudinally aligning the implant and the fixation pin with the alveolar bone of the patient.

The invention of claim 31 is the method according to claim 30, including the step of inserting the fixing pin into the alveolar bone of the patient through a hole formed in the offset portion of the implant portion.

The invention of claim 32 includes the step of inserting the fixing pin into the alveolar bone of the patient through a fixing pin hole reachable from the apex of the implant portion. is there.

According to a thirty-third aspect of the present invention, in the thirty-second aspect, the insertion port opening to the top of the transplantation part is included in the transplantation part and the fixing pin hole extends from the insertion port to the transplantation part. This is the method described.

A thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention is a dental implant comprising a main body and a series of short-turn screw portions formed on the main body.

According to a thirty-fifth aspect of the present invention, when the implant portion is rotated by about a few rotations or one rotation or less by the short rotation screw, the implant portion is securely attached to the alveolar bone of the patient. The dental implant according to 1.

A thirty-sixth aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the thirty-fourth aspect, wherein the range in which each of the short rotation screw portions extends to the implanting portion is one round or less.

A thirty-seventh aspect of the present invention is the dental implant according to the thirty-fourth aspect, wherein the short rotation screw portion includes a start end portion and an end end portion.

[0058]

1 is a perspective view of a dental implant according to the present invention. 2 is a top view of the dental implant of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a dental implant according to the present invention. 5 is a top view of the dental implant of FIG. FIG. 6 shows FIG. 4 and FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant of FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a dental implant according to the present invention without a fixing pin. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of FIGS. 4-6 implanted in the alveolar bone of a patient. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of FIGS. 1-3 implanted in a patient's alveolar bone. FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the basic method of implanting an implant according to the present invention immediately after or after tooth extraction and after the cavity closes and adheres.

The dental implant according to the invention shown in the figures will now be described with reference to the figures, in particular FIGS. The entire dental implant is numbered 10. The dental implant 10 includes an upper portion and a lower portion, and at least the lower portion has a generally tapered or conical shape. Although various materials can be considered to form the implant 10 of the present invention, it is widely accepted that titanium is one of the relatively suitable materials for the dental implant. It is believed that at least part of it is due to titanium being a very tough, light metal that integrates with the bone structure to prevent corrosion and deterioration even when implanted and implanted in the patient's alveolar bone structure. It is highly resistant.

Looking at the dental implant 10, the top surface 12
It can be seen that it includes a peripheral wall structure 14 and a lower end 16. As shown in FIG. 1, the main part of the sidewall structure 14 is tapered. However, there is a thin ring portion near the top of implant 10 that is generally flat and not tapered. Peripheral wall structure 14
A row of short rotation screw portions 18 is provided around at least a part of. Unlike conventional implant threads, this thread 18 is not continuous. As can be seen, each threaded portion 18 has a beginning and an end. In the preferred embodiment, the threaded portion 18 may have a length of only one quarter to one half or may extend around the implant. This can be done by rotating the implant 10 a few turns or one
This means that the entire implant can be attached and fixed to the cavity formed in the alveolar bone of the patient simply by rotating the implant below the rotation. It is desirable that the short rotation screw portion 18 be designed so that the implant rotates and can be securely attached by rotating the implant by a few rotations or one rotation or less. As will be understood from the following portion of the disclosure, the threaded portion 18 is rotationally inserted into the surrounding alveolar bone structure of the patient to ensure that the implant 10 is in an upright position within the extraction cavity of the patient's alveolar bone in the process. Will be installed and placed in.

In this disclosure, the term alveolar bone structure is used to describe the bone structure in the patient's mouth where the patient's teeth are found. Thus, the term "alveolar bone" refers to both the upper and lower bone structures that secure and support the patient's teeth.

Formed on the top of the implant 10 is a screw hole or insertion port 20. Drawings, especially FIG. 3
The insertion port 20 extends from the top surface 12 to an intermediate depth of the implant 10, as shown in FIG. As described above, the insertion port 20 is formed with a screw. As a result, artificial teeth, dentures, and intermediate abutments can be screwed onto the implant 10. Generally, fixing studs and screws extend from the bottoms of dentures and artificial teeth (not shown), and these fixing studs and screws are screwed into the screw holes 20. As a result, the artificial tooth, the artificial tooth, and the intermediate abutment can be fixed to the top surface 12 of the implant simply by screwing the artificial tooth, the artificial tooth, and the intermediate abutment to the hole 20. Dentures, artificial teeth, intermediate abutments and their connecting structures themselves are not important to the present invention, and techniques and procedures for fixing dentures and artificial teeth to the screw holes of implants are well known in the art, and therefore, A detailed description of will not be given here.

Further, the hole 20 also functions as an insertion port. As can be seen from the following portion of the disclosure, the fixation pin extends through a through hole formed in the implant. The insertion port 20 allows the dentist or oral surgeon to reach the fixing pin, and the fixing pin can be rotated with a tool inserted through the insertion port 20.

A rotating nut 22 is formed around the upper end of the hole 20 on the top surface 12. The rotating nut 22 is preferably integral with the implant 10 and is used to rotate and rotate the implant 10 during installation and placement within the cavity formed in the patient's alveolar bone. More specifically, dentists and oral surgeons
The rotary tool is fitted to the rotary nut 22 to fix the implant 10 in the formed accommodation cavity, and then the rotary tool is rotated or rotated to rotate the rotary nut 22 to rotate the entire implant. It is attached to the containment cavity.

As can be seen particularly from FIG. 3, a through hole 24 extending from the bottom of the insertion port 20 along the side surface of the implant 10 is provided. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that the through holes 24 are provided at a slight angle with respect to the main axis of the implant, ie the longitudinal axis 60. Further through hole 2
The upper portion of 4 includes a seat for accommodating a fixing pin or a head portion of a screw as described later.

The implant 10 of the present invention is provided with fixation pins and screws to secure the implant within the patient's alveolar bone and is generally designated by the reference numeral 26. The fixing pin 26 prevents the implant from rotating or loosening when the implant 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone of a patient. The fixing pin 26 is of a self-tapping type, and includes a screw head 30, a shaft portion 32 having no unevenness, and a self-tapping portion 34 having a screw formed therein. As is apparent from the description, in the case of the embodiment of the implant shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the fixing pin 26 is inserted downward from the insertion port 20 into the through hole 24. Through hole 2
The screw head 30 which has entered the inside of 4 is fitted with a rotating tool such as a screwdriver or an Allen wrench inserted into the insertion opening 20, and when the fixing pin 26 rotates, the self-tapping screw 34 is attached to the bone structure near the implant 10. Will be pulled in. The locking pin 26 is further specifically designed to lock the implant in place and prevent the implant 10 from rotating or loosening under stress or load.

It has to be mentioned here that the implant according to the invention can be used without the fixing pin 26. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, it is possible to insert and place the implant in the alveolar bone only by screwing the implant 10 into the alveolar bone of the patient. The use of locking pins can sometimes help stabilize the implant and prevent rotation when subjected to loads and stresses. However, it can also be used with the implant 10 briefly disclosed in FIG. The implant shown in FIG. 7 is substantially similar to the design of FIGS. 1 to 3 except that there is no fixing pin or a through hole for accommodating the fixing pin when it is provided. The detailed description of is omitted here.

Referring now to Figures 4 to 6, a second embodiment of an implant according to the present invention is illustrated, generally at 50.
Is attached. The implant of the second embodiment generally includes a top 52 and a bottom 54.
The upper portion 52 includes an offset portion that extends generally outward relative to the lower portion 54. The lower portion 54 of the implant 50 is generally conical or tapered, while the upper portion of the implant is preferably generally elliptical.

The implant 50 of the second embodiment includes an upper surface 12, a peripheral wall structure 14 and a lower end 16. As in the first embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the implant 50 includes a series of short-turn screws 18 formed around the wall structure 14. The short rotation screw 18 is for fixing the implant to the alveolar bone of the patient within a few rotations or one rotation or less.

On the upper surface 12, the lower part 5 of the implant 50
4 is formed with a rotating nut 22 which is substantially concentric with the rotating nut 22. Concentric with the rotating nut 22 and lower portion 54 of the implant is a threaded hole 20. The screw holes 20 allow fixation of artificial teeth and artificial teeth to the implant 50 with connecting studs.

A substantially vertical through hole 24 is formed in the offset portion of the upper portion 52 of the implant 50. The through hole 24 includes a countersunk head seat for receiving the head of a fixation pin, generally designated by the numeral 26. The fixing pin 26 of this embodiment includes a screw head 30 and a shaft portion 32 having no unevenness.
And a self-tapping screw portion 34 are included. In the designs of FIGS. 4 to 6, the through holes 24 are arranged in various directions, but the through holes are substantially parallel to the main axis of the screw hole 20, that is, the longitudinal axis. In the case of the first embodiment of FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the fixing pin 26 screwed to the alveolar bone around the implant tooth of the patient securely fixes the implant 50, and the patient chews to load or stress. Prevents the implant from rotating and loosening when added to the implant.

The implants 10, 50 of the present invention are designed to be attached to the patient's alveolar bone immediately after the tooth is removed. However, the implants 10, 50 disclosed herein can be implanted in the patient's alveolar bone at any time after tooth extraction, including when the cavity has completely fused and closed after tooth extraction.

Explaining the method of transplantation, the cavities after tooth extraction are reamed and cleaned using a reamer whose dimensions are selected after tooth extraction. It is contemplated that a range of standard implants of varying size could be used. Kits of such standard implants vary in length, shape and maximum diameter. For example, the maximum diameter of the portion of the implant that is actually screwed to the alveolar bone is in the range of about 3.5 mm to 6.0 mm. In general, standard implant kits include a significant range of diameters that vary by about 0.10 to 0.50 millimeters.
Therefore, after extraction, a particular size implant is selected from the set of standard size implants. The implant is selected based on the result of examining the shape, size, diameter, and length of the root part of the extracted tooth. For example, there are various ways to do this. The root portion of the extracted tooth is visually inspected, and the accurate diameter and cross-sectional area of the root portion of the extracted tooth are determined using a measuring device such as a micrometer. further,
It is also possible to select an implant of appropriate size by computer processing that measures the important dimensions of the root part of the extracted tooth with a computer and then uses the specific software to select the optimal implant from the standard set Considered to be An implant having a size and shape similar to the root structure of the extracted tooth is selected based on such a criterion. After selecting the appropriate implant from the set of standard implants, the dentist or oral surgeon selects the corresponding matching reamer from the reamer set. In one embodiment of the invention, for each implant in the standard set, a standard reamer is provided to shape the post-extraction cavity to ideally match the selected implant. All reamers that make up the reaming kit preferably include a conical bottom at the bottom. As a practical matter, it is desirable that the effective cross-sectional area or diameter of the reamer, including threads 18, be slightly smaller than the diameter of the implant selected. This is because the reamed cavity formed by reaming the cavity after tooth extraction rotates the short rotation screw 18 so that the selected implant is placed in the reamed cavity and then enters the peripheral structure of the alveolar bone in the vicinity. Because it is important to be made.

The embodiments of the dental implants of FIGS. 1 to 3 are relatively suitable for teeth other than anterior teeth and molars, while the embodiments of the dental implants of FIGS. 4 to 6 replace molars. It is suitable as a thing. However, it should be noted that either embodiment may be suitable.

In either case, the patient's tooth is extracted and the cavity after the tooth extraction is appropriately reamed, cleaned and treated, and then the lower part of the selected implant is placed in the reamed cavity. If the implant matches the reamed cavity, the dentist or oral surgeon should
The implant is installed in the cavity by mating with 0,50 rotating nuts 22.

After rotating and mounting the implant, the next step in the method is to effectively connect the implant to the abutment of the bone structure by fixation pins 26. In the case of the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, the fixing pin 26 is inserted from the insertion port 20 and inserted into the through hole 24. Thereafter, the dentist or oral surgeon reaches the screw head 30 through the insertion port 20. After extending the screw downwardly through the insertion opening 20 and abutting the screw head 30, the fixing pin 26 is attached to the adjacent alveolar bone structure.
Screw on.

In the case of the second embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6, the implant 50 is similarly mounted in the cavity after reaming. However, it is desirable that the through hole 24 and the shaft 60 match the overall contour and shape of the alveolar bone. This means that when removing the molars, the lower part 54 and the through hole 24
Is generally arranged in the vertical position instead of the horizontal position.
See FIG. However, in some cases it may be permissible to arrange the axes of the through hole 24 and the lower portion 54 transversely to the alveolar bone. In either case, the implant is rotated to ensure placement within the alveolar bone and then the fixation pin or screw 26 is fixed in the next step. After inserting the fixing pin or screw 26 into the through hole 24, the lower part 5 of the implant 50
Screw down to the lower alveolar bone structure near 4. In general, the fixing pin 26 is screwed downward until the screw head 30 comes into contact with the seat formed around the upper portion of the through hole 24.

In order to prevent a slight leak from the through hole 24, the fixing pin 26 and the through hole 24 are dimensioned so as to come into relatively close contact with each other. Thereby, the through hole can be effectively sealed. Additional steps may be performed to ensure that slight leaks from the through holes are eliminated. For example, the through hole 24 may be coated with Teflon together with the screw head 30 of the fixing pin 26 and the shaft portion 32 having no unevenness so as to provide a very tight and leak-proof seal below the through hole 24. Furthermore, once the fixing pin is fixed in place, a conventional dental sealing material is used to coat the through hole and the fixing pin so that the sealing material forms an impermeable seal between the through hole and the fixing pin. You may use. Further, with the fixation pin 26 attached, the entire top of the implant can be coated and sealed with conventional dental sealant. This allows the entire top of the implant to be completely sealed after hardening. Such a method of sealing the through hole 24 is applicable to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 and the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6.

When forming a reamed cavity and selecting an appropriately sized implant, care should be taken to ensure that the top of the implant is flush with the upper gingiva when secured and secured to the alveolar bone. To do. See FIGS. 8 and 9. After the implant is attached, the soft tissue in the vicinity called the flap is removed to close the implantation site, and the soft tissue in the vicinity is fixed on the implant by suturing, for example. Alternatively, the top of the implant can be closed with a conventional temporary dental cap. When the transplant site is closed,
After this, a period of integration and adhesion will be passed. In other words, before fixing the denture or artificial tooth to the implant, it waits until the alveolar bone around the implant and the bone structure directly adhere and directly contact the implant. This is commonly referred to as osseointegration. That is, during this adhesion process, the bone structure restores and adheres in a state close to the implant, and the implant is completely integrated with the alveolar bone structure. This period of adhesion / unification varies. Generally, this period lasts approximately 3 to 12 months, depending on the age of the patient and the overall health and well being of the patient's bones and surrounding tissue structures. When the adhesion / integration period ends, the patient can be fitted with a denture or artificial tooth. As already pointed out, in the conventional method, the denture or artificial tooth includes a fixed implant bolt formed with a screw fitted in the screw hole 20. In either case, the incised soft tissue is dissected or the temporary cap is removed to reach the top of the implant. After cleaning and treating the upper surface of the implant and the surrounding soft tissue, the dentist or oral surgeon screws the denture or artificial tooth into the screw hole 20.

As can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the implant 10,50 securely secured to the alveolar bone is located just below the top of the tissue surface, numbered 62 and schematically illustrated. It should be noted that the fixation pin 26 in each case effectively connects the implant 10, 50 to the surrounding alveolar bone structure numbered 64. 8 and 9 are sectional views in the longitudinal direction of the alveolar bone. Thus, in the case of both implants, the fixing pin 26 is arranged longitudinally in the alveolar bone 64. This is in contrast to the implant or fixation pin 26 placed next to the alveolar bone 64. However, as seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the fixation pins or screws help stabilize the implant firmly and generally prevent rotation or displacement of the implant due to loading including horizontal or vertical forces. It should also be noted that in Figures 8 and 9 at least the lower portion of the implant is generally tapered or conical. This reduces the stress on the lower end of the implant. Further, due to the tapered nature of the lower portion of the implant, vertical and horizontal forces are more evenly distributed over the alveolar bone around the implant.

The method or procedure for implanting the implant 10, 50 of the present invention has been described in some detail above. However, a review of the flow chart of Figure 10 showing the basic steps in placing an implant according to the present invention into a patient's alveolar bone would be helpful. First, the procedure or method of the present invention relates to either a method of placing an implant immediately after tooth extraction or a method of implanting after the tooth extraction cavity has closed and closed.

The upper right part of the flow chart of FIG. 10 shows the steps when a dentist or oral surgeon performs a transplant after the cavity is fused and closed after tooth extraction. The first step here is to determine an appropriately sized implant from a standard kit or set of implants. The cavity is closed and adherent after tooth extraction, so a particular implant is selected based on the size and condition of the implant site. In each case, after selecting an appropriate implant, the next step is to drill a containment cavity in the patient's gingiva and alveolar bone at the implantation site. Select a particular perforator based on the implant with the optimal size selected from the standard set of implants. In any event, however, the perforator guide is used to insert the tip of the selected perforator downward through the perforator gauge into the patient's alveolar bone to form the implant cavity. Once the cavity is formed, the next step is to use the reamer selected, also based on the choice of implant. This is necessary even after the tooth has been removed, and the dentist or oral surgeon intends to install the implant immediately. In each case, the choice of reamer is based on the optimum size of the dental implant used. The reamer guide is fixed to the cavity after removal or the cavity formed by the perforator. The reamer is preferably conical or tapered and generally conforms in shape to the original root structure of the extracted tooth. The cavity is reamed to remove any excess resulting from the reaming. The implant is then inserted into the reamed cavity and secured to the alveolar bone as described above. A fixation pin or screw 26 is then inserted into the through hole 24 and screwed into the alveolar bone near the implant. This connects the implant to the alveolar bone to prevent rotation and loosening.

After mounting the implant, the implantation site is closed so that the implant will adhere for a period of time. A temporary cap may be used, but in most cases it is preferable to return the flap to the top of the implant to close the implant. After that, the process of tooth integration is carried out. This means that the bone structure is restored and adheres in close contact with the implant. The duration of the adhesion depends on the age of the patient and other factors, but is approximately 3 to 12 months. However, if transplantation is performed immediately after tooth extraction, it is assumed that the period of adhesion and integration of teeth is shortened because the alveolar bone does not suffer trauma due to perforation performed when the transplant site is fused and closed. .

After a period sufficient for tooth integration, the dentist or oral surgeon resumes treatment of the implant site and surgically cuts the flap to create a clean denture base for the denture. Next, make and install a denture or artificial tooth.

The main advantages of the implant according to the invention are:
The fixation pin ensures that the implant is stabilized in the patient's alveolar bone structure. Implant 10,5
The presence of the fixation pin 26 that interconnects 0 with the alveolar bone 64 prevents rotation and loosening of the implanted tooth under any load.

Furthermore, since the lower part of the implant has a conical shape or a tapered shape, the load and force applied to the implant are dispersed throughout the implant, and stress that causes the implant to loosen and need to be extracted in the conventional usage. And load is not concentrated on the lower end of the implant. Moreover, the method according to the present invention eliminates the wasted period from extraction of the tooth to installation of the denture to be transplanted, and the overall treatment period can be greatly shortened. This is because there is no need to allow the cavity after the tooth extraction to heal and close before the actual implant is performed. Finally, the overall method generally reduces the amount of surgery required on the patient's alveolar bone and generally reduces costs.

The present invention can also be used to fix a large number of teeth, a part of the denture base or the whole denture base, and the same advantages as described above can be obtained.

It goes without saying that the present invention can be carried out by other than the specific method described in the specification without departing from the spirit and basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the present embodiment is intended to be illustrative in all respects and is not intended to be limiting, and it is intended that all modifications within the meaning of the appended claims and the scope equivalent thereto are included in the present invention. You should think about it.

[0089]

The present invention has the following respective effects.

The present invention can provide a method for carrying out dental transplantation which can shorten the period conventionally required until the artificial tooth or artificial tooth is attached to the implant after the tooth extraction.

The present invention can provide a method of performing a dental transplant operation in which an implant can be inserted or attached to a dental cavity immediately after tooth extraction.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a dental transplantation method that shortens the time required for transplantation surgery and reduces the cost.

The present invention provides a method of surgically implanting an implant without having to wait for the cavity to adhere and close after tooth extraction, and without piercing the cavity for implantation in the alveolar bone of a patient. it can.

The present invention can provide a method for performing dental transplantation, in which a reaming process for treating an extraction cavity is performed after extraction so as to accommodate an implant having a size corresponding to the size of the root part of the extracted tooth. .

The present invention can provide a dental implant that can be easily fixed to the alveolar bone of a patient.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a dental implant including a short-rotating screw that can be screwed into a predetermined position by rotating the implant by 360 degrees or less in the cavity after tooth extraction formed in the alveolar bone.

The present invention can provide a dental implant that includes a fixation pin that extends generally downwardly from the top of the implant to connect with the alveolar bone and effectively interconnect the implant and the alveolar bone.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dental implant according to the present invention.

2 is a top view of the dental implant of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a dental implant according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the dental implant of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant of FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a dental implant according to the present invention without a fixing pin.

8 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of FIGS. 4-6 implanted in the alveolar bone of a patient.

9 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of FIGS. 1-3 implanted in the alveolar bone of a patient.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the basic method of implanting an implant according to the present invention immediately after or after tooth extraction and after cavity closure and adhesion.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Dental implant 12 top 14 Peripheral wall structure 16 Lower end 18 Short rotation screw part 20 insertion slot 22 Rotating nut 24 through holes 26 fixing pin 30 screw head 32 shaft 34 Self-tapping part 36 fixing pin 50 implants 52 upper part 54 Lower part 60 axes 64 Tissue surface

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Bernie Kouen Houan             North Carolina, United States             27603 Manner Ridge Drive Low             Lee 3332 F-term (reference) 4C059 AA02

Claims (37)

[Claims] 1. A dental implant comprising an implant for insertion into the alveolar bone of a patient and a generally vertically projecting fixation pin for interconnecting the alveolar bone of the patient and the implant. 2. The implant and the fixation pin each include a longitudinal axis, and when implanted in the alveolar bone, the implant and the fixation pin extend in a generally parallel relationship. Dental implant. 3. The implant includes an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion including an offset portion that projects outward relative to the lower portion, and the fixation pin extends downwardly from the offset portion to the alveolar bone of the patient. The dental implant according to claim 2, projecting into the. 4. The dental implant according to claim 3, wherein a hole is formed in the offset portion of the implant portion, and the fixing pin passes through the hole. 5. The implant and the fixation pin are longitudinally aligned with the alveolar bone of the patient after implantation.
The dental implant according to claim 1. 6. The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the implant includes a threaded portion having a set of short-turn threads for securing the implant to the alveolar bone. 7. The dental implant according to claim 6, wherein the fixing pin includes a threaded portion for screwing with the alveolar bone. 8. The implant part includes a fixing pin through hole formed in the implant part and reachable from the top of the implant part, and the fixing pin extends from the anchor pin through hole to the alveolar bone. Item 1. The dental implant according to Item 1. 9. The dental implant according to claim 8, wherein an insertion opening is opened at a top portion of the implant portion, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the insertion opening through the implant portion. 10. The dental implant according to claim 9, wherein the insertion port includes a peripheral wall structure, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the peripheral wall structure of the insertion port through a main body of the implant portion. 11. A dental implant comprising an implant including an upper portion for insertion into the alveolar bone of a patient, and a fixing pin protruding from the upper portion of the implant into the alveolar bone. 12. The dental implant of claim 11, wherein the fixation pin extends generally perpendicular to the implant. 13. The dental implant of claim 12, wherein the upper portion of the implant includes an offset portion and the fixation pin projects downwardly from the offset portion to the alveolar bone of the patient. 14. The dental implant of claim 13, wherein a hole is formed in the offset portion of the implant and the fixation pin extends downwardly from the hole into the alveolar bone of the patient. 15. The implant includes a threaded portion with a set of short-turn screws for securing the implant to the alveolar bone of the patient in a few rotations or less than one revolution. Dental implant according to. 16. The dental implant according to claim 11, wherein a fixing pin that is reachable from the top of the implant is formed on the implant, and the fixing pin extends from the fixing pin through hole to the alveolar bone. . 17. The dental implant according to claim 16, wherein an insertion port opening to the top is formed in the implanting part, and the fixing pin through hole extends from the inserting port into the implanting part. 18. The dental implant according to claim 11, wherein a conical lower end is included in the implant. 19. A method for implanting a dental implant in a patient's alveolar bone, comprising the steps of: a) removing the tooth from the patient's alveolar bone leaving the root cavity, and b) removing the tooth and then the root cavity. Reaming to form a reamed implant cavity, and c) implanting a dental implant directly into the reamed implant cavity before the root cavity heals and closes.
A method consisting of. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising the step of selecting a reamer from a set of reamers of various sizes. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of reamers is compatible with the set of standard implants. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein after extraction, an implant is selected from the set of standard implants depending on the dimensions of a part of the root structure of the extracted tooth. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the reaming step comprises selecting a reamer compatible with the implant selected for the root cavity from a set of reamers of various sizes. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the reaming method is performed with a cone-shaped reamer. 25. Inserting the transplant part into the transplant cavity after reaming and inserting a fixing pin from the transplant part to the alveolar bone to attach the transplant part to the alveolar bone are included in the transplant step. 20. The method of claim 19 included. 26. The method of claim 19, wherein the implant includes an upper portion and a fixation pin projects from the upper portion into the alveolar bone to secure the implant. 27. The method of claim 19, wherein the implant comprises a set of short-turn screws. 28. A relationship in which the implant and the fixation pin or screw each include a longitudinal axis such that the implant and the fixation pin are substantially parallel when implanted in the reamed implant cavity. 26. The method of claim 25, which extends at. 29. The implant includes an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion including an offset portion that projects outward relative to the lower portion, the fixation pin generally extending from the offset portion to the alveolar bone of the patient. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method projects downward. 30. The method of claim 29, including the step of longitudinally aligning the implant and the fixation pin with the alveolar bone of the patient. 31. The method of claim 30, comprising inserting the fixation pin into the alveolar bone of the patient through a hole formed in the offset portion of the implant. 32. The method of claim 24, comprising inserting the fixation pin into the alveolar bone of the patient through a fixation pin hole accessible from the top of the implant. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein an insertion port opening to the apex of the implantation part is included in the implantation part, and the fixing pin hole extends from the insertion port to the implantation part. 34. A dental implant comprising a body and a series of short turn threads formed on the body. 35. The short rotation screw rotates the implant by about a few rotations or less than one revolution to securely attach the implant to the alveolar bone of a patient.
The dental implant according to item 4. 36. The dental implant according to claim 34, wherein the range of extension of each of the short rotation threaded portions to the transplanted portion is one round or less. 37. The dental implant of claim 34, wherein the short turn threaded portion includes a start end and an end end.