JP2000001345A - Laminated glass plate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such problems and drawbacks that the window glass of fast trains is damaged by scratches, cracks and fractures by external force, by integrating at least each one sheet of a glass plate and a laminated resin plate of multilayered resin sheets into one body and fixing the laminated layers with an adhesive or by melt-sticking with heat. SOLUTION: The laminated glass sheet 5 of different kinds of layers consists of a reinforced glass plate 6 on the inner side, a glass plate on the outer side, and a laminated resin plate 8 prepared by laminating and adhering plural layers of acrylic resin and polycarbonate resin sheets 9 between the two glass plates. As for the resin sheets 9 laminated, sheets of a same material may be laminated or sheets of different materials may be laminated, and the kinds of the resin are not limited. The thickness of the resin sheets may be same or different. When the laminated resin plate is used as the outer surface side of the glass plate having different kinds of layers, it is preferable to form a hard coating layer such as an inorg. coating film or UV-curing coating film on the surface not in contact with the glass sheet.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laminated glass sheet having an improved impact resistance in which a glass sheet and a laminated resin sheet obtained by laminating a plurality of resin sheets are integrated.

[Prior art]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a window glass of a railway car running at a speed of 200 km / hr or more is, for example, fine dust (a) or freezing rain (b).
And some natural trees (c), etc., suffer from various inconveniences from outside the vehicle, such as abrasion, cracks, and even damage due to hardness. In particular, small paving stones (e) are wound up by the wind pressure airflow (d) when traveling in a tunnel, bounce off the tunnel wall (f), and crash into the window glass (h) of the vehicle (g). Frequently, windowpanes are replaced. That is, it suffers from inconveniences such as cracks caused by damages and impacts caused by collision of the paving stones, and further damages.

[0003] The window glass of a high-speed vehicle in such an environment not only has strength enough to withstand the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle when entering a tunnel, but also has heat insulating properties for anti-fog measures, sound insulation for running noise, and the like. Multi-layer laminated glass structures are common.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partly in section, of an example of a window glass structure of a conventional railway vehicle as an example. In FIG. 3, the multilayer glass plate 1 has an air layer provided between the laminated glass 2 and the glass plate 3. The outer laminated glass 2 is formed by bonding and fixing a tempered glass and a raw glass with, for example, a butyral resin adhesive. The four-sided ends of the multi-layer glass 1 are clamped and fixed to the glass frame 4 via rubber of a cushioning material.

In order to improve various mechanical performances, a plurality of conventional glass plates are adhered to each other using a butyral-based resin adhesive (normally, a polyvinyl butyral film to which a plasticizer is added (0.3 to 0.000). (8 mm thick) is sandwiched between glass plates, pressed under heating to remove air bubbles, and further heated and heated in an autoclave under pressure. ing. In order to solve the above-mentioned inconveniences, the weight increase such as increasing the thickness of the glass plate while ignoring the weight reduction which is an essential condition of the high-speed railway vehicle is caused. That is, in the structure of the conventional double-layer laminated glass, the strength of breakage prevention and the soundproofing measure mean an increase in the mass of the glass plate, that is, the plate thickness.

Although the effect of the multi-layer air layer can be expected to be anti-fog, the conventional air layer has the disadvantage of causing resonance rather than noise, and technically has a space of 100 mm or more. Unless an air layer is provided, a noise blocking effect cannot be expected. In the prior art, multi-layered sound insulation can be achieved by increasing the weight of the vehicle, that is, by further increasing the thickness of the glass sheet.

[0007] Further, a function of blocking and protecting against an increase in ultraviolet rays in the sunlight caused by the destruction of nature (environment) and an infrared ray for energy saving measures such as air conditioning in a vehicle are prevented from sunlight rays which are exposed through a window glass. It is an essential condition to provide a light control function such as the above to the glass plate. To add these various functional improvements and new functions to the glass plate,
Innovative technology construction and the accompanying enormous economic, material and resource losses are unavoidable, and multilayered glass sheets are difficult construction technologies from the standpoint of reducing costs.

As a method for solving the problems and disadvantages of the conventional double-glazed laminated glass, as a laminated adhesive, a hard butyral resin adhesive is replaced with methyl methacrylate and a (meth) acrylate having a relatively large number of carbon atoms, for example, butyl (butyl). A soft acrylic resin-based adhesive (usually referred to as acrylic syrup) comprising a mixture of a polymer or oligomer and a monomer mainly containing an acrylic monomer such as meth) acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate and a polymerization initiator. Are being considered. Furthermore, including the combination of a glass plate and a resin plate such as acrylic resin (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC), mechanical strength such as impact resistance, noise reduction and noise reduction as noise countermeasures, etc. Examination is underway.

The problem in manufacturing a laminated glass sheet having a laminated structure composed of a glass sheet and a resin sheet is a thermoforming process for processing a curved surface, and it is difficult and difficult to adjust the curvature between different materials. That is. In other words, the gap accuracy between the surfaces to be bonded is an important factor in not causing the distortion of the adhesive strength and the finish, the durability and the transmitted light, and at the same time, in order not to receive the stress concentration related to the mechanical strength. Is also an essential condition.

A technique relating to the curvature adjustment between different materials in a laminated glass sheet is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-3531.
And Japanese Patent Application No. 3-190522. In the production of a laminated glass sheet with different layers, it is necessary to precisely treat a different material, particularly the secondary and cubic curved surfaces, with the same bending treatment of the laminated structure. However, these disclosed techniques still have satisfactory results. I can't get it.

In addition, when various functions are imparted to a laminated glass sheet, there is a limit to the addition of components to the soft adhesive layer. The non-uniformity of the thickness causes color unevenness, and a uniform mating surface configuration is indispensable to make the thickness of the adhesive layer uniform.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the conventional manufacturing problems and to solve the inconveniences and disadvantages such as abrasion and crack damage from the outside of a window glass of a high-speed vehicle and the like. It has improved mechanical strength and is suitable for laminated glass plates (different laminated glass plates) made of different materials from glass plates and resin plates such as acrylic resin such as PMMA and polycarbonate (PC) resin. To provide a laminated glass sheet that can be easily manufactured with a high processing accuracy and that has a new technical function beyond the technical limits of conventional laminated glass sheets for vehicles and the like. It is in.

That is, the object of the present invention is that even if the window glass is abraded or cracked, the window glass is not broken, and the sound insulation of noise prevention and the thermal characteristics of anti-fog measures are naturally taken. Significantly prolongs the life of mounting and use, greatly reduces conventional costs such as replacing window glass for railway vehicles, etc., and also contributes to material and resource savings, including the effect of weight reduction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated glass sheet having the effect that can be obtained.

[0014]

The above object is achieved by the present invention described below. That is, the present invention is a laminated glass plate in which at least one laminated glass plate and a laminated resin plate obtained by laminating a plurality of resin sheets of the same or different kinds are integrated with each other. It is a laminated glass plate characterized by being fixed by an adhesive and / or heat fusion.

[0015]

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Generally, a laminated glass plate composed of a glass plate and a resin plate having a thickness of about 2 mm to a maximum of about 8 mm, such as an acrylic resin plate or a polycarbonate plate, has the glass plate and the resin plate bonded and fixed with an adhesive. It is manufactured by. The laminated glass sheet of the present invention is
It is composed of a glass plate and a laminated resin plate formed by laminating a plurality of thin resin sheets, and the respective layers (between the glass plate and the laminated resin plate, between the resin sheets) are bonded with a hard and / or soft adhesive. It is characterized by being manufactured by fixing or fusing resin sheets to each other. If the outer surface of the laminated glass sheet is set to be composed of a laminated resin sheet, an inorganic coating or a UV (ultraviolet) curable coating may be applied to the surface that is not in contact with the glass sheet. It is preferable to form a hard coat layer. When the glass plate is the outer surface, a resin sheet layer having a hard coat layer can be fixed to the outer surface. The resin sheets to be stacked may be of the same quality or may be of different types, and the type of resin is not particularly limited. The thickness of the resin sheet may be the same or different, and can be appropriately determined according to the properties and functions to be imparted to the laminated glass of the present invention. In the present invention, the resin sheet has a thickness of 0.3 mm to less than 2 mm, and a resin sheet having a thickness of less than 0.3 mm is referred to as a resin film.

The glass plate and the thin resin sheet can not only easily perform the secondary curved surface processing without particularly strict heat treatment but also perform the tertiary curved surface processing more than the heat amount required for the conventional hot bending process of the thick resin plate. It requires a remarkably small amount of heat, is easy to handle, and can easily produce a laminated glass. Further, by setting the resin sheet to a thickness that can be adjusted to the curvature of the curved glass by its own weight, it is easy and accurate. It is possible to perform good alignment processing, and it is also possible to eliminate at least the conventional heat bending process of the resin plate. Therefore, the objectives of manufacturing such as improvement of processing accuracy, simplification and low manufacturing cost, and energy saving are also achieved. Also, as described below,
A laminated resin plate in which a plurality of thin resin sheets are fixed to each other with an adhesive and / or fusion is significantly higher in impact resistance, sound insulation, etc. than one (single) resin plate having the same thickness. Therefore, it can be made thinner than a single resin plate, and also meets the requirement of overall weight reduction of a vehicle body and the like. Further, by adding an infrared or ultraviolet absorber to each of the adhesive layers of the lamination processing of a plurality of resin sheets and the like, it is possible to impart various essential functions to the laminated glass of different layers,
A window glass for a next-generation high-speed vehicle can be provided.

By the way, the conventional glass material combining process is also performed for the purpose of preventing scattering of glass fragments at the time of breakage, improving the breaking strength of the glass plate, and the like. That is why a glass plate is used. Assuming a single glass plate and a resin plate with a certain thickness, a plurality of thin sheet-shaped glass plates and a resin are combined with an adhesive or the like and configured to have the same thickness as a single glass plate or a resin plate The laminated glass plate and laminated resin plate
Each has significantly superior mechanical strength as compared with a single glass plate and a resin plate. Accordingly, the laminated resin plate and the laminated glass plate can be further combined to form a different-layer laminated glass plate, but they can also be used as a single laminated glass plate and a laminated resin plate, respectively. In the laminated glass plate, a resin sheet layer having a hard coat layer can be provided on at least one surface. Similarly, in at least one surface of the laminated resin plate,
A hard coat layer can be provided.

Looking at those made of laminated materials other than the conventional laminated glass plate, for example, prepaid cards and various ID cards as representatives of thin ones are 5
It is configured by laminating up to seven film sheets. This is a single piece of material with the same thickness of the finished dimensions, compared to a combination of multiple film sheets, mechanical strength, hardness, rigidity, bending tolerance, restoration function, dimensional stability, etc. This is because in each case, only a very poor performance can be obtained. Wood plywood is also superior in bending strength, rigidity, deformation resistance, dimensional stability, etc. as compared to a single piece of wood (one sheet) of the same thickness. Therefore, in the present invention, one of the reasons why the resin plate in the laminated glass sheet with different layers is formed by laminating a plurality of sheet-like materials is based on the above-mentioned reason.

The noise prevention by the laminated body utilizes the fact that the transmission vibration of noise is reduced due to a different material, a difference in mass, a difference in hardness, a step (difference in thickness), and the like, thereby improving the sound insulation. . In fact, conventional laminated glass using a butyral-based resin adhesive can reduce the vibration of noise as compared with a single glass plate. Therefore, if the hard butyral-based resin adhesive is replaced with a soft adhesive (including a polymer component forming a flexible adhesive layer), it can be expected that the sound insulation effect is further improved. The effect of increasing the thickness of the adhesive layer is even greater than simply replacing the hard adhesive with the soft adhesive. Therefore, the laminated structure of a plurality of resin sheets in the laminated glass sheet of the present invention allows the laminated glass sheet to have a laminated structure having a plurality of soft and / or hard adhesive layers.
It is possible to prevent the vibration of the vibration propagated by the glass plate and the resin plate sandwiched between the adhesive layers, and to exhibit a large effective damping of the vibration.

The vibration damping function of the adhesive layer, particularly the soft adhesive layer, can be obtained by replacing mechanical vibration with heat, since the main component of the adhesive is a viscoelastic material. Yes, thermal displacement also has the desired effect according to the present invention. Therefore, a glass sheet that has been laminated so as to have a plurality of soft adhesive layers having poor heat conductivity can increase the temperature difference between the front and back of a window glass of a vehicle or a house. Specifically, the inside surface of the window glass of a vehicle or a house in winter is maintained at the temperature and humidity of the living room, and the temperature generated on the inside surface and the outside surface of the window glass even when the outside air drops to 0 ° C or less. There is no problem if the difference is maintained. However, when the temperature of the inner surface of the windowpane approaches the outside temperature, the humidity in the room touches the low-temperature windowpane and condenses, thereby blocking visibility due to fogging and generating water droplets and flowing. This unpleasant and filthy inconvenience,
The anti-fogging effect is eliminated by providing a plurality of soft adhesive layers having low thermal conductivity, and in a vehicle or the like, the anti-fogging effect is further improved by taking into account the heat displacement effect of the vibration in the adhesive layer. The effect is achieved.

Furthermore, the soft adhesive layer absorbs the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the glass and the resin by its flexibility, and can prevent the glass from being thermally damaged. For example, if the thickness is 2mm
When a PC plate and a glass plate having a thickness of 4 mm are fixed using a butyral resin adhesive, at high temperatures, the adhesive layer cannot absorb the difference in thermal expansion between the two materials, and the glass plate is damaged. . On the other hand, when a soft adhesive is used, even if the thickness of both materials is the same of 3 mm, the glass plate will not be thermally damaged.

In order to impart functions other than those described above to the laminated glass sheet of the present invention, for example, infrared shielding properties, ultraviolet absorbing properties, etc., various additives for expressing these functions are added to the adhesive layer. In addition, functional treatment can be performed on the surface of a glass plate or a sheet-like resin plate. In order to allow a laminated glass plate to exhibit a sufficient function, for example, in a conventional laminated glass having a single-layer adhesive layer, an ultraviolet absorbent or an infrared-reflective substance or the like is put together with the adhesive layer. Therefore, there is a problem that different functions corresponding to the respective added amounts are not exhibited, and only a lower function is obtained than when only one kind of additive is added in the same amount. The same problem as described above occurs when a plurality of functional processes are performed on the same surface of a glass plate.

On the other hand, in the present invention, an additive or the like for imparting different functions to each of the plurality of adhesive layers can be separately added, and a different surface is provided on each of the plurality of resin sheets. The functional treatments can also be performed separately, and these can be laminated to form a different-layer laminated glass sheet, so that different functions can be simultaneously applied to the different-layer laminated glass sheet of the present invention without deteriorating each function. And the above-mentioned problems do not occur. This advantage is another feature of the present invention.

Further, in addition to the structure of combining a plurality of resin sheets, by laminating a thin foil film on the surface of the glass plate and the resin sheet, light transmission and reflection at the interface between the plurality of resin sheets are performed. If the effect of the function is further improved, for example, if the thickness of a thin foil film is set to の of the average wavelength in the visible light range and the wavelength range that interferes with vision, the irradiation light of the undesired light beam and the reflected light will interfere. And disappear,
For example, it is also possible to provide a function of reducing glare of a vehicle window glass or the like at a station platform or reducing reflection in a room at dusk.

In the above description and the following description, the case where the glass plate is used as a single plate is described as an example, but the glass plate is formed by bonding a plurality of thin glass sheets through an adhesive layer. A glass plate can also be used, and it can be made thinner than a single glass plate, achieving reduction in weight and damping effects such as vibration,
The heat shielding effect can be significantly improved. Various functions can be added to the laminated glass plate in the same manner as in the laminated resin plate.

[0026]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the laminated structure and function of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention. In FIG. 4, a laminated glass plate 5 is a resin sheet such as an acrylic resin such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or a polycarbonate (PC) between a tempered glass plate 6 on the inner surface side and a glass plate 7 on the front surface side. A laminated resin plate 8 in which a plurality of superposed sheets 9 are laminated and adhered is sandwiched. Reference numeral 10 denotes an adhesive layer. In the figure, the number of the resin sheets 9 is three, but the number of the resin sheets is not particularly limited in the present invention. In addition, the thickness of the resin sheet is not particularly limited when the glass plate is smooth, but in the case of a curved glass plate, the thickness that can cover the curved surface of the glass plate by its own weight from the point of mating is given. preferable. For example, it is about 0.3 mm or more and less than 2 mm.

The laminated resin plate 8 is made of, for example, PMMA or PC
And the like, and a plurality of adhesive layers 10 for engaging and fixing these. The laminated resin plate 8 is sandwiched between the strengthened glass plate 6 and the glass plate 7, and these are engaged and fixed by the adhesive layer 10. Have been. With such a configuration, for example, when a flying pebble collides with a window glass,
The adhesive layer of the glass plate 7 and the plurality of adhesive layers 10 of the laminated resin plate 8 bend and absorb the impact. On the other hand, when one glass plate is damaged or damaged by the impact of pebbles or the like, the glass is hard and cannot be bent because it is not a laminated structure. That is, in order to prevent damage and damage, it is possible to significantly reduce damage and damage due to the fact that the glass itself subjected to the impact can be bent while the surface layer is hard.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which the laminated glass sheet 5 of the present invention is subjected to an external collision such as pebbles. FIG. 5 is somewhat exaggerated in order to explain the process of shock absorption. In FIG. 5, the pebbles 11
When the glass plate 7 collides with the glass plate 7, the glass plate 7 bends from the dotted line position before the pebble collision to the position shown in the figure. The adhesive layer 10A between the glass plate 7 and the laminated resin plate 8 is deformed to absorb the bending of the glass plate 7. This impact load spreads to and is absorbed by the plurality of adhesive layers 10B to 10D of the laminated resin plate 8, and at the same time, each of the plurality of sheets 9 also bends and deforms together with each of the adhesive layers. As a result, the shock wave of the pebbles 11 does not reach the innermost glass plate 6 or becomes very small.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which a pebble 11 collides with a conventional laminated glass 2 for comparison with the present invention. In the laminated glass 2, the glass plate 7 and the glass 6 are bonded and fixed by a hard butyral-based resin adhesive layer 12 or a soft film-like thin butyral-based resin adhesive layer 12. When the pebble 11 collides with the glass plate 7, the laminated glass 2 does not bend because of the rigid structure, and the shock wave reflects and reciprocates between the glass plate 7 and the glass plate 6. If the impact force is within an allowable value that does not cause damage to the glass plate 7, there is a disadvantage that the glass plate 7 is damaged. That is, the harder the material is, the more the impact is received without deformation such as bending, resulting in minute damage. In many cases, the impact force of the pebbles 11 is absorbed and annihilated by generating cracks 13 as shown. That is, the deflection of the shock absorbing effect that does not lead to the breakage of the glass plate 7 by the pebbles 11 is, for example, about 0.1 μm to several μm, which is a value that the butyral-based resin adhesive layer 12 cannot withstand. In the laminated glass sheet of the present invention, since it has a plurality of soft adhesive layers, a sufficient amount of bending can be obtained.

In the laminated glass having the conventional structure, the impact vibration lasts for a long time, and the conventional laminated glass essentially has disadvantageous characteristics with respect to sound transmission. This is the same as, for example, the difference between a baseball metal bat and a wooden bat. The metal bat is hard and therefore has a strong impact reflection, and the ball has the same logic as the wooden bat having a longer flight distance. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the impact and sound transmission loss of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention and the laminated glass of the conventional system. The upper part of the figure is a sectional view of the conventional laminated glass 2, and the lower part is a sectional view of the laminated glass sheet 5 of the present invention. That is, the conventional laminated glass 2 of the same dimensions and the laminated glass plate 5 of the present invention having different dimensions are overlapped. The vertical axis indicates the strength of the shock absorption value and the sound transmission loss, that is, the shock force (G) for indicating the attenuation value, and the 0 value indicates the level not affected by external shock and sound.

In FIG. 7, the impact applied to the impact point (A) is transmitted while attenuating the inside of the glass plate 7. The broken line (B) shows the case of the conventional laminated glass 2, and the broken line (B)
Although a large attenuation is obtained in the butyral-based resin adhesive layer 12, the tempered glass 6 shows the same attenuation gradient as the glass plate 7 and appears to the outside and shows an attenuation value (C). On the other hand, in the laminated glass sheet 5 according to the present invention, as shown by the solid line (D), the adhesive layer 10A greatly attenuates, and the resin material of the resin sheet 9A such as PMMA or PC is softer than the glass material due to the resin. And the attenuation gradient is large, and then the adhesive layer 10B
Further attenuates. This is repeated until the adhesive layer 10D is transmitted to the tempered glass 6, and appears to the outside to show the attenuation value (E). The difference between the attenuation values (C) and (E) is a result of the comparison, and indicates that the effect of the present invention, that is, the effect of shock absorption and sound transmission loss is high. In addition, the effect of multiple lamination of the resin sheet and the adhesive layer of the laminated glass plate of the present invention,
Needless to say, the effect of vibration absorption is affected by the difference in the number of layers, the difference in the mass of each layer, and the difference in the softness and hardness of the material.

FIGS. 8 to 11 show other embodiments of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention, all of which are partial cross-sectional views for explaining the structure, functions and effects of various laminated glass sheets. Is shown. In the different-layer laminated glass plate 5 of FIG. 8, for example, if three resin sheets 9 of the laminated resin plate 8 are, for example, 2 mm having the same thickness, the lamination size, that is, the thickness of the laminated resin plate 8 is When the number of sheets is increased one by one, only the thickness of 6, 8, 10 mm... Can be achieved (excluding the thickness of the adhesive layer). By the way, when the thickness of the resin sheet 9 is set to a thickness different from 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively, the thickness of the laminated resin plate 8 is similarly set to 6, 7, 8,
By combining resin sheets 9 having different thicknesses, which can be set to a thickness of 9, 10 mm, etc., the effects of shock absorption and sound transmission loss can be further enhanced.

When the adhesive layer 10A is an uncrosslinked or crosslinked thin film of an organopolysiloxane or the like, and the glass plate 7 and the resin sheet 9A are in close vacuum contact with each other through the thin film by the principle of a suction cup which can be called semi-adhesive. If the glass plate 7 is inconvenienced such as breakage or damage, the adhesive layer 10
The glass plate 7 can be separated and separated from A. In this case, there is no need to replace the entire laminated glass plate 5, and only the glass plate 7 needs to be replaced, which enables simple and inexpensive maintenance work.

The laminated glass plate 5 shown in FIG. 9 is obtained by replacing the glass plate 7 shown in FIG. 8 with a resin sheet 14 whose outer surface is hard-coated. Shows the configuration in which the back surface is a glass plate. This has the effect of reducing inconveniences such as breakage of the laminated glass plates and reducing the total weight. That is, the resin sheet 14 made of PMMA, PC, or the like is much more flexible than glass material, has a high sound transmission loss, and has a large effect of absorbing a shock caused by a collision of pebbles.

The laminated glass plate 5 shown in FIG. 10 has a tempered glass plate 6 in the center and a laminated resin plate 8 on the front and back.
Are bonded together. This example utilizes the strength such as the rigidity of a glass material, and bonds and arranges a matching resin plate 8 on the front and back surfaces of the tempered glass plate 6 to maintain the required strength of the glass window and to provide a more effective shock absorption. And sound transmission loss. That is, the transmission of shocks, acoustic vibrations, and the like applied from the outside is attenuated by the laminated resin plate 8 to a greater extent than the glass plate, and reaches the tempered glass 6 by the tempered glass plate 6 located at the center. The damping properties of vibration and the like are the same as in the case of FIG. 9 so far, but in FIG. Also has the effect of greatly reducing vibration and the like.

Further, it is obvious that vibrations and the like transmitted from the strengthened glass plate 6 to the laminated resin plate 8 have a higher effect of suppressing than resonance. In addition, as a result of measuring the sound transmission loss of the laminated glass plates of this example, it was confirmed that the sound transmission loss of the sound load to the resin plate was higher than the sound load to the glass plate in the attenuation effect.

In FIG. 11, a glass plate 7 to which a surface layer sheet (a resin sheet having an outer surface hard-coated) 14 is adhered is bonded to the front and back surfaces with the laminated resin plate 8 at the center. This configuration can double the above-mentioned effect from the viewpoint of the damping effect of vibration protection and the sound transmission loss, and it is obvious that the effect is higher as the number of stacked configurations is larger. Needless to say, the effect is further enhanced if the surface sheet 14 is multi-layered. If the adhesive layer 15 of the surface sheet 14 is a thin layer of an organopolysiloxane or the like as described above, the glass sheet 7 and the surface sheet 1
No. 4 is in a semi-adhesive state of vacuum contact via the layer, and the maintenance work for replacing the surface layer sheet 14 is inexpensive and easy as described above.

As described above, the relationship between the structure and effect of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention has been described by taking shock absorption and sound transmission loss as examples, but this can be applied to heat conduction. That is, the attenuation value (C) shown in FIG.
If (D) is directly replaced with the thermal conductivity value, this explains the reason why the different-layer laminated glass sheet of the present invention has low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal barrier properties.

FIG. 12 shows that the anti-fogging effect, which is the main function of the laminated glass plate of the present invention, is reduced by the structure of the laminated resin plate 8 of the present invention as described in FIG. It is an example of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention which does not require the formation of an air layer. In FIG. 12, a laminated glass sheet 5 is sandwiched and held by a glass frame 4 having a rubber for preventing shock absorption and deformation stress of the vehicle body, and is fixedly engaged with the vehicle body. Similar to the conventional laminated glass 2 shown in FIG. 3, the antifogging effect can be obtained by the configuration of the present invention.

If the outside air temperature is zero or below zero in winter with respect to the comfortable interior temperature, the interior moisture adheres to the interior window glass as in a dehumidifier, and it becomes cloudy, which hinders safety confirmation in the event of an accident. Not only that, fine water adheres to it and drops out. The fogging of the window glass due to the adhesion of moisture presents an unpleasant situation as visually obstructing the outside scenery, and furthermore, when the moisture flows as water droplets, the window glass adheres to the window glass, Since foreign substances such as dust and bacteria inside the vehicle are entangled together, it can be said that at this time, there is also an effect of purifying the air in the room or in the vehicle.
However, in general, water droplets mixed with dust, bacteria, and the like cause contamination and unsanitary conditions around the window glass. In addition, rust is generated on the window glass-incorporated constituent base material, electronic devices installed in the vehicle or inside the room, the germs are promoted, fungi, and air pollution accompanying the organic odor is caused.

As a conventional measure against these problems, that is, as a conventional anti-fog technology (condensation prevention technology) for a window glass, as shown in FIG. Was to make up. The configuration of this conventional window glass is a major obstacle to the development of weight reduction, and a window glass structure without an air layer is strongly desired if possible. It has elements that can greatly contribute to In addition to using materials with low thermal conductivity and using materials that are excellent in absorbing and damping shocks and acoustic vibrations, for example, these materials have the effect of converting vibrations into heat. This means that the glass itself is heated, and also has an effect of supporting the anti-fog effect.

When the laminated glass sheet of the present invention is used as a window glass of a high-speed railway vehicle, a load strength that can withstand a strong pressure load applied to the window glass when the vehicle enters a tunnel at a high speed is used. It is necessary to apply it to window glass. It is obvious that the cross-sectional shape of a vehicle that can withstand high external pressure has a circular shape like the cross-sectional shape of an aircraft or a submarine, for example.

Therefore, when the cross section of the vehicle body is circular, it is inevitably desired that the window glass attached along the vehicle body is also bent glass forming an arc of the same ratio as the vehicle body. Placing a smooth window glass on a circular vehicle body creates a step in the vehicle body, which weakens the strength against external pressure, increases the air resistance, and causes wind noise. For these reasons, it is an essential condition to bend a window glass in accordance with the arc shape of a vehicle body such as a high-speed railway.

However, although there is no problem in joining the same bent glass plates, it is extremely difficult to join and bend the bent glass plate and a resin plate such as PMMA or PC at the same curvature. The disadvantages of the prior art will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 13 shows a process of manufacturing a conventional laminated glass sheet by bending in a conventional method.
(A) shows that a plurality of the same glass plates 16 can be easily subjected to hot bending according to the bending mold 17 by performing bending using the characteristics of the material. (B), a resin plate 18 such as PMMA or PC is mounted between the two bent glass sheets (hereinafter referred to as bent glass) 16 and the bending is started using the bent glass sheet as a mold. It shows a state in which Since the resin plate can be bent at a temperature significantly lower than the hot bending temperature of the glass material, as shown in FIG. 7C, the two can be worked in a loaded state while being in close contact with each other by hot bending. The thermal bending of the resin plate is also effective as an annealing process for removing the thermal distortion of the glass plate 16 that has been thermally bent in (A).

However, as shown in FIG. 4D, when the laminated material subjected to the heat bending and adhesion processing is taken out from the bending mold 17 and left without any load, the resin plate 18 has a curvature due to its spring back effect as shown in the figure. Change the glass plate 16
Are not coincident with each other, and a gap is generated between the two. This was a serious problem in conventional bending.

In consideration of the above-mentioned problems, when the glass plate and the resin plate are brought into close contact with each other with a hard or thin film-like adhesive and bonded together, they are pressed down with a mold or the like, that is, the spring back of the resin plate is performed. It is possible to bond the two together while restoring the deformation caused by the above, but it is difficult to completely eliminate the above-mentioned voids and make the adhesive layer uniform, which slightly distorts the light transmission image and lowers the strength. Cause.

As a solution to the above problem, an independent bending mold for the resin plate formed on a curvature surface different from that of the glass plate is used in consideration of the amount of springback due to residual strain during bending of the resin plate. A method is used in which a resin plate is bent into a shape that is in close contact with a bent glass plate. However, in the case of manufacturing a large-sized (large-area) bent processed laminated glass, a large-sized resin plate is used as the resin plate. Generally, in a large-sized resin plate, it is unavoidable that the residual strain is delicately changed one by one depending on the manufacturing environment and conditions because the resin material is a viscoelastic material.
Also, in one resin plate, for example, depending on the site,
There is a difference in the residual strain between the central part and the peripheral part, and furthermore, the residual distortion becomes non-uniform depending on the moisture absorption level during storage or the like.

Accordingly, since each resin plate holds uneven residual strain and the like, a difference also occurs in the amount of springback after bending. If the difference is small, the resin plate is bent to the same curvature with the same bending mold without interfering with the configuration of the laminated glass, but if the difference is large, the curvature of the resin sheet after bending is reduced. Variations may increase and yield may decrease. As described above, even this method cannot be said to be sufficient for solving the above-mentioned problems, and there is also a problem that the number of steps is increased and a manufacturing cost is increased because a bending mold for a resin plate is required.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved by forming one resin plate with a plurality of thin resin sheets, and a bent glass plate and a resin plate can be combined. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the present invention which enables a combined configuration of a bent glass plate and a resin plate. In FIG. 14, the thickness of the resin sheet 20 is set such that a required size arc can be drawn by its own weight. That is, the bent glass plate 19
When the resin sheet 20 is placed on the upper part with
The thickness of the resin sheet 20 is set so as to cover the curved surface of the glass plate 19 by its own weight. On the other hand, the resin plate 18 has a thickness about the same as or larger than the glass plate 19, and forms a certain amount of bending over its own weight as shown in the figure. The amount of deflection (A) is inversely proportional to the thickness of the resin plate 18. Therefore, when the thickness is reduced as in the case of the resin sheet 20, the resin sheet 20 can be brought into close contact with the bent glass 19 by its own weight. At this time, the ends of the resin sheet 20 are less likely to be in close contact with each other than the center portion.
In order to completely bring 0 into close contact with the glass plate 19, the resin sheet 20 is preferably formed in a film shape.

Accordingly, the resin sheet 20 which has been cut larger than the bent glass plate 19 by the processing allowance (B) is set to a thickness such that most of the surface thereof is in close contact with the bent glass 19, and is superimposed on the glass plate 19, and the processing allowance (B) ) Is lightly pressed (pulled down) to enable the bonding process.
Thereafter, resin sheets having the same dimensions are sequentially stacked and bonded to form a bonded resin plate having a predetermined thickness. The fixing of the glass sheet and the resin sheet and the fixing of the resin sheets are as follows.
This can be achieved by providing an adhesive layer (not shown) in advance on each of the resin sheets 20, or by laminating with an adhesive film material interposed at the time of the laminating process, and performing a heat treatment for bonding as necessary. At the time of the bonding process, a thin film-like adhesive (for example, having a thickness of 0.3 m
m butyral-based resin film), it is possible to accurately hold the bonding size.
For example, when a liquid cast-type adhesive such as the above-mentioned acrylic syrup is injected between the mating layers (between the glass plate and the resin sheet, between the resin sheets), the adhesive is used because of the softness of the thinned resin sheet. In some cases, the shape of the resin sheet is not stable at the time of casting, and it may be difficult to obtain the accuracy of the bonding dimension.

FIG. 15 is a view for explaining an example of a case where the different-layer laminated glass plate of the present invention is manufactured by fixing the layers between the layers with an adhesive by a casting method. In FIG.
(A) shows an example in which the resin sheet 20 is fixed on the convex surface of the bent glass plate 19, and (B) shows an example in which the resin sheet 20 is fixed on the concave surface of the bent glass plate 19. Reference numeral 17 denotes a bending die. In this example, the bending die 17 is used as a simple holder for the bent glass plate 19.
22 is a holding type of the resin sheet 20. (A), (B)
In the case of, the procedure of the production method is the same.

The holding die 22 is provided with a suction portion 23 for sucking air from a by a compressor or the like to suck and hold the resin sheet 20 on the surface of the holding die 22. Holding mold 22
The periphery of the resin sheet 20 held on the circular arc surface and the bent glass plate 19 held by the holding mold 17 are sealed with an adhesive-type spacer tape 21 having a specified width of a casting to prevent liquid leakage.
The spacer tape 21 has an adhesive injection port and an air vent hole (not shown).

A liquid adhesive is poured into the gap between the bent glass plate 19 and the resin sheet 20 formed above, and is subjected to polymerization and / or cross-linking reaction to form a soft or hard adhesive layer. By this method, even when the resin sheet 20 is too thin to be self-supporting, the cast adhesive treatment can be stably performed.

Further, when a plurality of resin sheets are laminated and bonded, the above procedure may be repeated, and thus a laminated resin plate can be formed. At that time, the required number of resin sheets are stacked, and the final surface layer is hard-coated or a hard-coating process is performed by a conventionally known method such as laminating a hard-coat film on the final surface layer. A different-layer laminated glass plate composed of a glass plate and a resin plate on the other side is obtained. In the same manner, it is possible to manufacture different-layer laminated glass having various configurations already exemplified.

The cast adhesive can be cast under pressure. In this case, the pressurized cast adhesive is applied to the glass plate 19.
Is cast into the gap between the resin sheet 20 and the resin sheet 2.
Since 0 is pressed against the arc surface of the holding mold 22 to form a uniform adhesive layer, there is no need to draw air with a compressor or the like, and the manufacturing cost of the holding mold is reduced.

When the laminated glass sheet of the present invention described above is used as a window glass in a railway vehicle, a house, or the like, it is exposed to strong sunlight and excessively ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR). It is necessary to take measures when taking a bath. UV
Has a bactericidal effect and is a necessary light for health if the irradiation is not excessive in normal nature. However, in recent years, due to natural (environmental) destruction such as destruction of the ozone layer, the amount of UV irradiation has been excessive even when exposed to sunlight at a daily life level. In some elementary schools in Europe, sun visors and sunglasses are essential equipment for commuting to school children.
For example, because of sunbeams on the windows of vehicles and houses,
To put it plainly, there must be no biological inconvenience, such as increased eye strain or skin spots.

UV greatly contributes to deterioration such as discoloration and reduction in strength of surface treatment materials such as coating materials and coating materials and resin materials of vehicles, and components such as vehicle components, secondary processing materials and seats. Not only shortens the service life of the control device, but also deteriorates the connecting and engaging parts of the control device, which may cause malfunction or malfunction of equipment operation. Since polycarbonate (PC) as a resin sheet material itself has a UV absorbing function, it is combined with the excellent mechanical performance such as shock-absorbing properties of PC, and thus the preferred resin sheet material of the present invention. It is.

On the other hand, IR is also called a growth light and has a function of activating living cells. Generally, it is a warm light component, but it is inconvenient in terms of energy saving, such as an increase in the temperature of the inside of a vehicle or a room when cooling air-conditioning is performed in midsummer, and it becomes necessary to use more cooling than necessary.

As a method of blocking these inconvenient light beams, for example, an additive that absorbs or reflects the inconvenient light is added to the resin sheet material, or an ultra-thin metal vapor deposition film having a half-wavelength film thickness is added to the resin sheet. There is a method such as forming.
However, even if a process for imparting two functions such as a UV cut and an IR cut is simultaneously performed on the transparent resin sheet,
It is difficult to express each of the two functions with high efficiency, and the treatment itself is inconvenient in terms of technology, manufacturing method, and cost, and measures are required.

FIG. 16 is a view for explaining an example in which a light control function is imparted to the laminated glass of the present invention. The arrow A in the figure shows sunlight rays including inconvenient light rays such as UV and IR.
The adhesive layer 10A of the laminated resin plate 8 contains, for example, a UV absorber or an ultra-thin metal that blocks or reduces UV transmission on the bonding surface of the resin sheet 9 to which the adhesive layer 10A is bonded or on the opposite surface thereof. Process such as forming a high quality vapor deposited film
Block or reduce V transmission. Similarly, an IR absorbing agent is contained in the adhesive layer 10B, and an ultra-thin metal deposited film for blocking or reducing IR transmission is formed on the bonding surface of the resin sheet 9 or the opposite surface. To reduce the transmission of IR. It is needless to say that the amount of reduction in the amount of visually transmitted light due to the above-described functionalization processing is kept low.

The arrow B in the figure shows the state of the transmitted sunlight where the transmission of the light rays of the UV and IR components is blocked (blocked) or reduced. This figure shows that by applying different functionalization treatments to different adhesive layers or resin sheets, different functions can be expressed with high efficiency, and the same adhesive layer or resin sheet is subjected to multiple functions. It indicates that there is no need. It is well known that single-function processing is generally more efficient. In the case where the same material is subjected to a plurality of functions, that is, a process of reducing or blocking the transmission of UV and IR, disadvantages such as an undesired synergistic effect of lowering the light transmittance unnecessarily occur, and furthermore, manufacturing The cost is also high. In addition, the light control processing in the present invention is a method for improving control efficiency and control performance. For example, when a function of only blocking or reducing UV transmission is required, an optimal resin sheet material is used. It can be dealt with simply by sorting, and has great effects on production management, stable production performance, and cost.

[0063]

As described above, the conventional multi-layer laminated glass sheet of the present invention, which is formed by laminating and bonding a glass sheet and a plurality of resin sheets, can be used as a conventional multi-layer laminated glass sheet. Multilayer lamination not only solves the inconveniences and drawbacks of laths, but also enables weight reduction, improves impact strength, improves heat insulation, that is, improves anti-fogging effect, and reduces sound transmission loss, that is, measures against noise. The noise insulation effect of the running noise of the vehicle can be enhanced, and the damage such as conventional scratches and cracks can be greatly reduced.

In addition, according to the present invention, even when damage such as an unacceptable impact is caused, if a thin film of an organopolysiloxane or the like is used as an adhesive and semi-bonded in a vacuum state, the entire window glass Thus, there is provided a different-layer laminated glass sheet having a structure in which only a damaged portion can be peeled off and replaced without replacement. That is, for example, in the window glass of a railway vehicle, labor such as removing the entire double glazing from the vehicle body is greatly reduced, and even undamaged glass and glass frames such as replacement of assembled parts are discarded. Inconvenient in terms of economics and resources,
It contributes greatly to society.

In the production of a laminated glass sheet, different materials such as a glass sheet and a resin sheet can be easily and naturally processed simply by taking advantage of the properties thereof, and also, without lowering the processing accuracy. It is possible to provide an easily and inexpensive laminated glass plate with different layers.
The laminated glass sheet of the present invention can be used as window glass for high-speed railway vehicles, general railways / automobiles / ships, construction vehicles (bulldozers and the like), processing machinery, safety glass for medical equipment, and the like. Further, it can be used as a soundproof wall, a bulletproof wall, a bulletproof tool, and the like. Further, the laminated glass plate and the laminated resin plate can be used alone for the above-mentioned applications without forming a laminated structure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view for explaining inconvenience of a conventional double-glazed window glass.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which the vehicle is traveling in a tunnel for explaining the inconvenience of a multi-layer laminated window glass of a conventional railway vehicle.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a portion where a window glass of a conventional railway vehicle is engaged.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining a configuration example and a function of a laminated glass sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention when subjected to an external collision of pebbles or the like.

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of a conventional laminated glass for comparative explanation.

FIG. 7 is a comparative explanatory view of an example of the laminated laminated glass sheet of the present invention and a conventional laminated glass sheet.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of one example of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the laminated glass sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a portion where a different-layer laminated glass sheet of one example of the present invention is engaged with a vehicle body as a window glass of a railway vehicle.

FIG. 13 is a side sectional view for explaining a step of manufacturing a conventional different-layer laminated glass sheet.

FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view for explaining a step of manufacturing an example of a different-layer laminated glass of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view for explaining a step of manufacturing a laminated glass sheet of one example of the present invention using a casting adhesive.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining light control of the laminated glass according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Multi-layer laminated glass plate 2: Different-layer laminated glass plate 3: Glass plate 4: Glass frame 5: Laminated glass plate 6: Tempered glass plate 7: (Raw) glass plate 8: Laminated resin plate 9: Resin sheet 10 : Adhesive layer 11: Pebble 12: Butyral resin adhesive layer 13: Crack 14: Surface layer sheet 15: Sheet adhesive layer 16: Glass plate 17: Bending type 18: Resin plate 19: Bending glass 20: Resin sheet 21 : Spacer tape 22: Resin sheet holding type 23: Suction part

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A laminated glass plate in which at least one glass plate is laminated with a laminated resin plate obtained by laminating a plurality of resin sheets of the same or different kind, and each laminated layer is bonded. A laminated glass plate fixed by a bonding agent and / or heat fusion. 2. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein resin sheets having different laminated resin sheets are alternately laminated. 3. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is a soft adhesive and / or a hard adhesive. 4. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet and each of the resin sheets have different thicknesses. 5. The laminated glass sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the glass sheets are integrated by smoothing, secondary curved surface matching, or tertiary curved surface matching. 6. The laminated glass plate according to claim 1, wherein a laminated resin plate is sandwiched between two glass plates. 7. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 6, wherein a resin sheet layer having a hard coat layer is provided on at least one outermost glass sheet surface. 8. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein at least one surface of the laminated glass sheet is a laminated resin sheet. 9. The laminated glass sheet according to claim 8, wherein a surface of the laminated resin sheet that does not come into contact with the glass sheet is hard-coated. 10. The laminated glass plate according to claim 1, wherein the glass plate and a laminated resin plate or a resin sheet having a hard coat layer are fixed with an organopolysiloxane thin film layer. . 11. Each of the superposed layers is of the same type and / or
The laminated glass sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is fixed with a different kind of adhesive. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein additives having different functions are added to the adhesive layers between the superposed layers.
12. The laminated glass sheet according to any one of items 11 to 11. 13. The glass sheet according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet is formed by laminating a plurality of glass sheets, and the laminated layers are fixed to each other with an adhesive. Laminated glass plate. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one glass plate and / or resin sheet has at least one surface separately provided with an ultraviolet or infrared transmission control function. Laminated glass plate. 15. A laminated resin plate comprising a plurality of resin sheets of the same type or different types which are superposed on each other, and wherein the respective superposed layers are fixed by an adhesive and / or a heat seal. 16. A laminated glass plate comprising a plurality of laminated glass sheets, wherein each laminated layer is fixed by an adhesive.