ITTO20110849A1 - FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. - Google Patents
FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITTO20110849A1 ITTO20110849A1 IT000849A ITTO20110849A ITTO20110849A1 IT TO20110849 A1 ITTO20110849 A1 IT TO20110849A1 IT 000849 A IT000849 A IT 000849A IT TO20110849 A ITTO20110849 A IT TO20110849A IT TO20110849 A1 ITTO20110849 A1 IT TO20110849A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polyethylene terephthalate
- panel according
- encapsulating
- photovoltaic cells
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE dell'invenzione industriale dal titolo: "Pannello fotovoltaico flessibile" DESCRIPTION of the industrial invention entitled: "Flexible photovoltaic panel"
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un pannello fotovoltaico flessibile comprendente: The present invention refers to a flexible photovoltaic panel comprising:
- una pluralità di celle fotovoltaiche; - a plurality of photovoltaic cells;
- almeno uno strato incapsulante in materiale termoplastico atto a contenere in esso dette celle fotovoltaiche, detto strato incapsulante essendo formato da un primo e da un secondo strato disposti su lati opposti di detta pluralità di celle fotovoltaiche e fusi attorno a dette celle fotovoltaiche; - at least one encapsulating layer in thermoplastic material able to contain said photovoltaic cells therein, said encapsulating layer being formed by a first and a second layer arranged on opposite sides of said plurality of photovoltaic cells and fused around said photovoltaic cells;
- almeno uno strato frontale di materiale plastico flessibile unito e sovrapposto a detto strato incapsulante su una sua prima superficie, detto strato frontale essendo esposto in uso alla luce solare, ed essendo almeno in parte di materiale resistente agli ultravioletti; ed - at least one front layer of flexible plastic material joined and superimposed on said encapsulating layer on a first surface thereof, said front layer being exposed in use to sunlight, and being at least partly of ultraviolet resistant material; and
- almeno uno strato posteriore di materiale plastico flessibile unito e sovrapposto a detto strato incapsulante su una sua seconda superficie, opposta a detta prima superficie. - at least one rear layer of flexible plastic material joined and superimposed on said encapsulating layer on a second surface thereof, opposite said first surface.
I moduli fotovoltaici convertono la luce solare in energia elettrica tramite l’utilizzo di vari semiconduttori. Il semiconduttore più utilizzato à ̈ il silicio, nella forma cristallina ed in quella amorfa (film sottile), avendo la forma cristallina efficienze di conversione della luce solare in energia elettrica molto maggiori (superiori al 20%). Nei moduli fotovoltaici basati sulla tecnologia del silicio mono e policristallino, un certo numero di celle fotovoltaiche, formate da wafer di silicio opportunamente costruiti, vengono normalmente disposte affiancate su giacitura piana, connesse elettricamente e poi bloccate in tale disposizione mediante sostanze incollanti. Photovoltaic modules convert sunlight into electricity through the use of various semiconductors. The most used semiconductor is silicon, in the crystalline and amorphous form (thin film), having the crystalline form, conversion efficiencies of sunlight into electrical energy (greater than 20%). In photovoltaic modules based on mono and polycrystalline silicon technology, a certain number of photovoltaic cells, formed by suitably constructed silicon wafers, are normally arranged side by side on a flat lay, electrically connected and then blocked in this arrangement by gluing substances.
Le singole celle di silicio sono fragili, avendo spessori che variano dai 150 ai 250 µm, e quindi devono essere protette dagli urti, quali quelli causati dagli agenti atmosferici quali vento e grandine. Nei pannelli rigidi la protezione avviene normalmente tramite l’utilizzo di vetro temprato o materia plastica rigida frontale, che permette il passaggio della luce ed allo stesso tempo protegge le celle dagli urti. The single silicon cells are fragile, having thicknesses ranging from 150 to 250 µm, and therefore must be protected from shocks, such as those caused by atmospheric agents such as wind and hail. In rigid panels, protection normally occurs through the use of tempered glass or front rigid plastic material, which allows the passage of light and at the same time protects the cells from shocks.
Le celle vanno anche protette dall’umidità e va assicurato l’isolamento elettrico rispetto all’esterno, per ragioni di sicurezza e per non disperdere l’energia prodotta. Queste funzioni vengono assolte da un secondo vetro, posizionato sul retro del modulo, o da materiali plastici che possono essere a singolo strato od anche multistrato, comprendenti anche materiali in cui uno degli strati à ̈ composto da film metallici, in modo da fornire una protezione più efficace all’umidità . The cells must also be protected from humidity and electrical insulation from the outside must be ensured, for safety reasons and in order not to waste the energy produced. These functions are performed by a second glass, positioned on the back of the module, or by plastic materials that can be single-layer or even multi-layer, also including materials in which one of the layers is composed of metal films, in order to provide protection. more effective at humidity.
Sono noti anche pannelli flessibili, in cui sono utilizzate plastiche flessibili sia per lo strato incapsulante che per gli strati protettivi. Flexible panels are also known, in which flexible plastics are used both for the encapsulating layer and for the protective layers.
Un pannello flessibile del tipo definito all’inizio à ̈ descritto ad esempio nel brevetto italiano n. 1362085. Tale pannello noto comprende uno strato incapsulante di resina poliuretanica che racchiude le celle fotovoltaiche, interposto fra una coppia di strati di policarbonato. A flexible panel of the type defined at the beginning is described for example in the Italian patent n. 1362085. This known panel comprises an encapsulating layer of polyurethane resin which encloses the photovoltaic cells, interposed between a pair of layers of polycarbonate.
Le soluzioni di pannelli aventi strati di protezione costituiti da film di policarbonato offrono una buona protezione agli urti, ma sono risultate sensibili all’umidità ed all’azione degli ultravioletti (UV). The panel solutions with protective layers made of polycarbonate film offer good protection against shocks, but are sensitive to humidity and to the action of ultraviolet (UV).
Un’altra soluzione à ̈ quella di utilizzare polimeri comunemente utilizzati nella costruzione dei moduli fotovoltaici rigidi, quali polimeri fluorurati (Tedlar®, ETFE e simili) per la protezione delle celle ed incapsulanti quali EVA per l’incollaggio del sandwich. Queste soluzioni si sono dimostrate non adatte a proteggere le celle dagli urti e dalle rotture in caso di flessione dei moduli, inoltre la permeabilità all’umidità di questi materiali può portare a lungo andare ad un’ossidazione dei contatti elettrici ed a fenomeni di correnti parassite, con conseguente perdita di efficienza del modulo. Another solution is to use polymers commonly used in the construction of rigid photovoltaic modules, such as fluorinated polymers (Tedlar®, ETFE and the like) for the protection of the cells and encapsulants such as EVA for bonding the sandwich. These solutions have proved unsuitable for protecting the cells from shocks and breakages in the event of module bending, furthermore the permeability to humidity of these materials can lead in the long run to an oxidation of the electrical contacts and to phenomena of eddy currents, resulting in a loss of module efficiency.
In generale, i materiali devono assicurare la funzionalità del modulo fotovoltaico per un periodo di anni superiore a 20, e devono quindi resistere agli agenti atmosferici quali pioggia, grandine, gelo, luce solare, ed in particolare ai raggi ultravioletti ed all’umidità che tendono ad opacizzare le plastiche ed a renderle fragili. Queste caratteristiche vengono normalmente verificate tramite prove di invecchiamento accelerato secondo le norme CEI, in particolare le norme CEI EN61215 e CEI EN61730, applicabili ai moduli fotovoltaici in silicio cristallino per applicazioni terrestri. In general, the materials must ensure the functionality of the photovoltaic module for a period of more than 20 years, and must therefore withstand atmospheric agents such as rain, hail, frost, sunlight, and in particular ultraviolet rays and humidity that they tend to opacify plastics and make them brittle. These characteristics are normally verified through accelerated aging tests according to the CEI standards, in particular the CEI EN61215 and CEI EN61730 standards, applicable to crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules for terrestrial applications.
A conoscenza degli inventori, finora nessuno dei pannelli flessibili basati su celle di silicio cristallino esistenti in commercio ha superato le prove richieste dalle certificazioni suddette. To the knowledge of the inventors, so far none of the flexible panels based on crystalline silicon cells existing on the market has passed the tests required by the aforementioned certifications.
Un altro problema legato all’utilizzo di plastiche per lo strato frontale à ̈ quello di avere superfici che possono rigarsi e sporcarsi, andando così a diminuire nel tempo l’efficienza del modulo, oltre a risultare esteticamente poco soddisfacenti. Another problem related to the use of plastics for the front layer is that of having surfaces that can get scratched and dirty, thus decreasing the efficiency of the module over time, as well as being aesthetically unsatisfactory.
Uno scopo dell’invenzione à ̈ pertanto quello di rendere disponibile un pannello flessibile che permetta di avere simultaneamente resistenza meccanica, durabilità , isolamento elettrico e protezione dall’umidità , e che in particolare permetta di superare le prove richieste dalle certificazioni CEI EN61215 e CEI EN61730. A purpose of the invention is therefore to make available a flexible panel that allows to have mechanical resistance, durability, electrical insulation and protection from humidity at the same time, and that in particular allows to pass the tests required by the CEI EN61215 certifications and CEI EN61730.
Un altro scopo dell’invenzione à ̈ quello di rendere disponibile un pannello flessibile che sia resistente anche alle abrasioni. Another object of the invention is to make available a flexible panel that is also resistant to abrasion.
Tale scopo à ̈ raggiunto secondo l’invenzione da un pannello flessibile del tipo definito all’inizio, in cui detto almeno uno strato incapsulante à ̈ di olefina termoplastica avente basso coefficiente di permeabilità al vapore acqueo, ed almeno una parte di detto almeno uno strato frontale, a contatto con detta prima superficie dello strato incapsulante, à ̈ di polietilentereftalato. This object is achieved according to the invention by a flexible panel of the type defined at the beginning, in which said at least one encapsulating layer is of thermoplastic olefin having a low coefficient of permeability to water vapor, and at least a part of said at least a front layer, in contact with said first surface of the encapsulating layer, is of polyethylene terephthalate.
Gli inventori hanno rilevato che, calibrando opportunamente gli spessori degli strati, con la combinazione di materiali suddetta à ̈ possibile ottenere dei pannelli in grado di raggiungere gli scopi suddetti, ed in particolare à ̈ possibile realizzare un pannello flessibile con celle di silicio cristallino in grado di superare le prove previste dalle certificazioni CEI EN61215 e CEI EN61730. The inventors have found that, by appropriately calibrating the thicknesses of the layers, with the aforementioned combination of materials it is possible to obtain panels capable of achieving the aforementioned purposes, and in particular it is possible to create a flexible panel with crystalline silicon cells capable of to pass the tests required by the CEI EN61215 and CEI EN61730 certifications.
Ulteriori caratteristiche e vantaggi del dispositivo secondo l'invenzione risulteranno evidenti dalla descrizione dettagliata che segue, effettuata con riferimento al disegno annesso (figura 1), fornito a puro titolo di esempio non limitativo, in cui à ̈ rappresentato lo schema degli strati che compongono un pannello fotovoltaico flessibile secondo l’invenzione. Further characteristics and advantages of the device according to the invention will become evident from the detailed description that follows, made with reference to the attached drawing (figure 1), provided purely by way of non-limiting example, in which the diagram of the layers that make up a flexible photovoltaic panel according to the invention.
Secondo tale schema di stratificazione, un pannello fotovoltaico flessibile, indicato complessivamente con 1, comprende essenzialmente According to this layering scheme, a flexible photovoltaic panel, indicated as a whole with 1, essentially comprises
- una pluralità di celle fotovoltaiche 2 disposte affiancate, in particolare di silicio mono- o policristallino. Secondo un modo di realizzazione particolarmente preferito, le celle fotovoltaiche 2 sono del tipo “back-contact†ad altissima efficienza (in cui tutti i contatti elettrici sono realizzati sul retro della cella) prodotto da SunPower Corporation; - a plurality of photovoltaic cells 2 arranged side by side, in particular of mono- or polycrystalline silicon. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic cells 2 are of the very high efficiency â € œback-contactâ € type (in which all the electrical contacts are made on the back of the cell) produced by SunPower Corporation;
- almeno uno strato incapsulante 3 in materiale termoplastico atto a contenere in esso le celle fotovoltaiche 2, tale strato incapsulante essendo formato da un primo e da un secondo strato 3a, 3b disposti su lati opposti delle celle fotovoltaiche 2 e fusi attorno ad esse; - at least one encapsulating layer 3 made of thermoplastic material able to contain the photovoltaic cells 2 therein, this encapsulating layer being formed by a first and a second layer 3a, 3b arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic cells 2 and fused around them;
- almeno uno strato frontale 4, 5 unito e sovrapposto allo strato incapsulante 3 su una sua prima superficie, tale strato frontale 4, 5 essendo esposto in uso alla luce solare, tale almeno uno strato frontale 4, 5 essendo di materiale plastico flessibile, ed essendo almeno in parte di materiale resistente agli ultravioletti; ed - at least one front layer 4, 5 joined and superimposed on the encapsulating layer 3 on a first surface thereof, this front layer 4, 5 being exposed in use to sunlight, such at least one front layer 4, 5 being of flexible plastic material, and being at least partly of ultraviolet resistant material; and
- almeno uno strato posteriore 6 di materiale plastico flessibile unito e sovrapposto a tale strato incapsulante 3 su una sua seconda superficie, opposta a tale prima superficie. - at least one rear layer 6 of flexible plastic material joined and superimposed on said encapsulating layer 3 on a second surface thereof, opposite to said first surface.
Nella presente descrizione, i termini “frontale†e “posteriore†sono riferiti alla condizione d’uso del pannello fotovoltaico. Uno strato “frontale†à ̈ orientato verso la luce solare, trovandosi fra la sorgente di luce e lo strato incapsulante contenente le celle fotovoltaiche. Uno strato “posteriore†si trova invece fra sul lato opposto dello strato incapsulante. In this description, the terms “front” and “rear” refer to the condition of use of the photovoltaic panel. A â € œfrontâ € layer is oriented towards sunlight, being between the light source and the encapsulating layer containing the photovoltaic cells. A "rear" layer is instead located between on the opposite side of the encapsulating layer.
Lo strato incapsulante 3 suddetto à ̈ di olefina termoplastica avente basso coefficiente di permeabilità al vapore acqueo. Per olefina termoplastica (TPO) si intende convenzionalmente una miscela eterofasica comprendente una fase di omopolimero di etilene e/o propilene (o di copolimero statistico etilene-propilene) ed una fase costituita da un elastomero termoplastico etilene-propilene a blocchi. L’incapsulante poliolefinico à ̈ opportunamente realizzato per resistere ai raggi ultravioletti, non presentando ingiallimento nel tempo, e per fornire una buona barriera alla trasmissione dell’umidità , ovvero per avere un basso coefficiente di permeabilità al vapore acqueo WVTR (water vapor transmission rate). A titolo di riferimento non limitativo, à ̈ desiderabile che il valore di WVTR sia minore di 10 g/m<2>/giorno. The aforesaid encapsulating layer 3 is of thermoplastic olefin having a low coefficient of permeability to water vapor. By thermoplastic olefin (TPO) it is conventionally intended a heterophasic mixture comprising a phase of ethylene and / or propylene homopolymer (or ethylene-propylene statistical copolymer) and a phase consisting of a block-based ethylene-propylene thermoplastic elastomer. The polyolefin encapsulant is suitably made to resist ultraviolet rays, as it does not yellow over time, and to provide a good barrier to the transmission of humidity, or to have a low coefficient of permeability to water vapor WVTR (water vapor transmission installments). By way of non-limiting reference, it is desirable that the WVTR value be less than 10 g / m <2> / day.
Almeno una parte di dello strato frontale 4, 5, a contatto con la prima superficie dello strato incapsulante, à ̈ di polietilentereftalato (PET). Tale materiale conferisce il necessario isolamento elettrico grazie alla forte costante dielettrica del PET, ed à ̈ inoltre selezionato per essere resistente all’idrolisi. Nell’esempio illustrato, lo strato frontale 4, 5 comprende un primo strato 4 di polietilentereftalato a contatto con la prima superficie dello strato incapsulante 3, ed un secondo strato 5 di materiale plastico resistente agli ultravioletti (UV), sovrapposto allo strato 4 di polietilentereftalato. At least a part of the front layer 4, 5, in contact with the first surface of the encapsulating layer, is of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This material provides the necessary electrical insulation thanks to the strong dielectric constant of PET, and is also selected to be resistant to hydrolysis. In the example illustrated, the front layer 4, 5 comprises a first layer 4 of polyethylene terephthalate in contact with the first surface of the encapsulating layer 3, and a second layer 5 of plastic material resistant to ultraviolet (UV), superimposed on the layer 4 of polyethylene terephthalate.
Preferibilmente il secondo strato 5 di materiale resistente agli UV à ̈ di polietilentereftalato resistente agli ultravioletti. Tale materiale, oltre alle positive proprietà del PET non trattato, possiede un’elevata resistenza ai raggi ultravioletti, dovuta ad un trattamento di stabilizzazione noto, che gli conferisce una maggiore resistenza agli UV rispetto al PET non modificato. In alternativa, il secondo strato 5 potrebbe essere ad esempio di polivinil fluoruro (PVF) o di polivinilidenfluoruro (PVDF) od altre materie plastiche resistenti agli UV. Preferably the second layer 5 of UV resistant material is of polyethylene terephthalate resistant to ultraviolet rays. This material, in addition to the positive properties of untreated PET, has a high resistance to ultraviolet rays, due to a known stabilization treatment, which gives it greater resistance to UV than unmodified PET. Alternatively, the second layer 5 could be for example of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or other UV-resistant plastics.
Secondo un modo di realizzazione alternativo non illustrato, lo strato frontale potrebbe essere composto da un unico strato di polietilentereftalato resistente agli ultravioletti. According to an alternative embodiment not illustrated, the front layer could be composed of a single layer of ultraviolet resistant polyethylene terephthalate.
Preferibilmente, anche lo strato posteriore 6 à ̈ di materiale resistente agli ultravioletti. In particolare, lo strato posteriore 6 à ̈ anch’esso di polietilentereftalato. Secondo un modo di realizzazione non illustrato, lo strato posteriore potrebbe essere composto da più strati. Preferably, the rear layer 6 is also of ultraviolet resistant material. In particular, the rear layer 6 is also made of polyethylene terephthalate. According to an embodiment not illustrated, the rear layer could be composed of several layers.
La particolare combinazione di materiali per lo strato incapsulante e per lo strato frontale garantisce la distribuzione degli sforzi meccanici sulla superficie delle celle in modo da permettere flessibilità e resistenza agli urti dei moduli così composti. L’impiego di polimeri con proprietà idrorepellenti risolve inoltre il problema dell’idroprotezione dei pannelli fotovoltaici senza sigillatura lineare lungo il contorno; esso può rendere superflua l’applicazione di sigillature lungo il perimetro dei pannelli. The particular combination of materials for the encapsulating layer and for the front layer guarantees the distribution of mechanical stresses on the cell surface in order to allow flexibility and impact resistance of the modules thus composed. The use of polymers with water-repellent properties also solves the problem of hydroprotection of photovoltaic panels without linear sealing along the contour; it can make the application of seals along the perimeter of the panels unnecessary.
In modo particolarmente preferito, il pannello 1 comprende inoltre uno strato di rivestimento 7 applicato sullo strato frontale 4, 5, tale strato di rivestimento 7 essendo costituito da nanoparticelle di silice disciolte in una matrice polimerica autoreticolante. Tale rivestimento polimerico superficiale fornisce allo strato frontale 4, 5 le caratteristiche di resistenza al graffio ed allo sporco, essendo particolarmente duro ed idrorepellente, così da migliorare anche la barriera all’umidità del polimero frontale. Particularly preferably, the panel 1 further comprises a coating layer 7 applied to the front layer 4, 5, this coating layer 7 being made up of silica nanoparticles dissolved in a self-crosslinking polymeric matrix. This surface polymeric coating provides the front layer 4, 5 with the characteristics of resistance to scratching and dirt, being particularly hard and water-repellent, so as to also improve the moisture barrier of the front polymer.
Il pannello sopra descritto à ̈ ottenuto mediante processi a caldo di tipo convenzionale, ad esempio laminazione a vuoto, calandratura, ecc.. Lo strato di rivestimento 7 à ̈ applicato successivamente al processo di termosaldatura degli strati 3-6. The panel described above is obtained by means of conventional hot processes, for example vacuum lamination, calendering, etc. The coating layer 7 is subsequently applied to the heat sealing process of layers 3-6.
Secondo un ulteriore modo preferito di realizzazione dell’invenzione (non illustrato), il pannello 1 comprende inoltre uno strato di nastro biadesivo applicato sullo strato posteriore 6. Tale accorgimento permette una rapida ed agevole installazione del pannello 1 su una superficie di supporto. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the panel 1 further comprises a layer of double-sided adhesive tape applied to the rear layer 6. This arrangement allows a quick and easy installation of the panel 1 on a support surface.
Con la struttura di pannello secondo l’invenzione risulta possibile estendere l’applicabilità dei generatori fotovoltaici in settori in cui à ̈ necessario avere elevata efficienza su piccole superfici con pesi ridotti, come ad esempio nel settore automobilistico, aeronautico, nautico e camperistico, ed infine edilizio, nei casi in cui la portata degli edifici o la loro forma superficiale richiedano queste condizioni. Inoltre à ̈ possibile conseguire caratteristiche di affidabilità nel tempo, come previste dalle norme CEI EN61215 e CEI EN61730. With the panel structure according to the invention it is possible to extend the applicability of photovoltaic generators in sectors where it is necessary to have high efficiency on small surfaces with low weight, such as in the automotive, aeronautical, nautical and camper sectors, and finally construction, in cases where the size of the buildings or their surface shape require these conditions. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve reliability characteristics over time, as required by the CEI EN61215 and CEI EN61730 standards.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000849A ITTO20110849A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2011-09-23 | FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. |
| PCT/IB2012/055031 WO2013042081A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-09-21 | A flexible photovoltaic panel |
| JP2014600040U JP3193193U (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-09-21 | Flexible solar panel |
| DE212012000175.1U DE212012000175U1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-09-21 | Flexible photovoltaic panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000849A ITTO20110849A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2011-09-23 | FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITTO20110849A1 true ITTO20110849A1 (en) | 2013-03-24 |
Family
ID=44908019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000849A ITTO20110849A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2011-09-23 | FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3193193U (en) |
| DE (1) | DE212012000175U1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITTO20110849A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013042081A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES1091315Y (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-01-09 | Hernandez Antonio Orti | Tileable electricity generating tile |
| CN106784127B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-02-01 | 北京创昱科技有限公司 | A kind of binode Thinfilm solar cell assembly and preparation method thereof |
| JP6926470B2 (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2021-08-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Transparent protective sheet for solar cell modules |
| RU178429U1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-04-04 | Акционерное Общество "ТЕЛЕКОМ-СТВ" | PHOTOELECTRIC REINFORCED FLEXIBLE MODULE |
| FR3071357B1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | Total Sa | FLEXIBLE LAMINATE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AND METHOD THEREOF |
| CN107994086B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏携创新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic blanket |
| US10581372B2 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-03 | Sunpower Corporation | Photovoltaic panel |
| DE102021000667A1 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-11 | Dieter Deublein | Lightweight photovoltaic system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008027190A2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solar cell modules comprising poly(allyl amine) and poly(vinyl amine)-primed polyester films |
| US20110036390A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Miasole | Composite encapsulants containing fillers for photovoltaic modules |
-
2011
- 2011-09-23 IT IT000849A patent/ITTO20110849A1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-09-21 DE DE212012000175.1U patent/DE212012000175U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2012-09-21 WO PCT/IB2012/055031 patent/WO2013042081A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-09-21 JP JP2014600040U patent/JP3193193U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008027190A2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solar cell modules comprising poly(allyl amine) and poly(vinyl amine)-primed polyester films |
| US20110036390A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Miasole | Composite encapsulants containing fillers for photovoltaic modules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3193193U (en) | 2014-09-25 |
| DE212012000175U1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| WO2013042081A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ITTO20110849A1 (en) | FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. | |
| US20110036390A1 (en) | Composite encapsulants containing fillers for photovoltaic modules | |
| TWI648862B (en) | Photovoltaic panel and method for the manufacturing thereof | |
| KR101286282B1 (en) | Frameless solar cell panel and manufacturing method therefor | |
| JP6716945B2 (en) | Solar cell module with snow melting function | |
| US20120080065A1 (en) | Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules with Structural Bonds | |
| CN114424349A (en) | Photovoltaic element | |
| KR20100133962A (en) | Solar cell system with encapsulant | |
| KR101954164B1 (en) | Back sheet for solar cells | |
| JP4992530B2 (en) | Back protection sheet for solar cells | |
| KR101556445B1 (en) | Encapsulation sheet for a solarcell using a barrier layer and preparing process thereof | |
| JP5156172B2 (en) | Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module using the same | |
| US20130298969A1 (en) | Solar module | |
| WO2014071341A1 (en) | Solar modules and methods of forming the same | |
| KR102589053B1 (en) | Canopy type polycarbonate solar module | |
| US20210351311A1 (en) | Flexible laminate of photovoltaic cells and associated production method | |
| KR101076787B1 (en) | Preparation Method of Backside Protective Sheet for Solar Cell Module | |
| KR101959545B1 (en) | The Photovoltaic modules which utilize patterned glass and have power generation fuctions and enhanced esthetics | |
| EP2824718A1 (en) | Photovoltaic module and fabricating method thereof | |
| JP2017139285A (en) | Rear surface protective sheet for solar cell module and method of manufacturing the sane, and method of manufacturing solar cell module | |
| KR20140015373A (en) | Photovoltaic back sheet laminates, photovoltaic modules comprising photovoltaic back sheet laminates, and methods for making photovoltaic back sheet laminates | |
| JP2021069172A (en) | Solar cell module and rubber frame included in solar cell module | |
| JP6567066B2 (en) | Back film for solar modules | |
| JP2014192305A (en) | Protective sheet for solar cell, and solar cell module | |
| KR101955622B1 (en) | Back sheet for solar cells |