ITSA20120007A1 - SYNTHESIS OF POLIALCHILSOLFONATI TO BE INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IONOMERS AND POLYELETTROLITES BY SELECTIVE SULFONATION OF POLYDIENES AND COPOLYMERS OF CONJUGATED DIENS. - Google Patents
SYNTHESIS OF POLIALCHILSOLFONATI TO BE INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IONOMERS AND POLYELETTROLITES BY SELECTIVE SULFONATION OF POLYDIENES AND COPOLYMERS OF CONJUGATED DIENS. Download PDFInfo
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- ITSA20120007A1 ITSA20120007A1 IT000007A ITSA20120007A ITSA20120007A1 IT SA20120007 A1 ITSA20120007 A1 IT SA20120007A1 IT 000007 A IT000007 A IT 000007A IT SA20120007 A ITSA20120007 A IT SA20120007A IT SA20120007 A1 ITSA20120007 A1 IT SA20120007A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- cas
- present
- polymers
- polymer
- olefinic
- Prior art date
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- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 61
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 animino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical compound CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WREDNSAXDZCLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanedithioic acid Chemical compound SC=S WREDNSAXDZCLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NHFDIUPJVYYTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbononitridic isocyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C#N NHFDIUPJVYYTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012988 Dithioester Substances 0.000 claims 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005022 dithioester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000006449 thioacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 6
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920003193 cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005605 branched copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Inorganic materials O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- PJCBRWRFLHBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dimethylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PJCBRWRFLHBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-dimethylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGDLFOKHPDHOPH-SREVYHEPSA-N (3Z)-4-methylhexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C(C)=C/C=C AGDLFOKHPDHOPH-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PKHBEGZTQNOZLP-YDFGWWAZSA-N (3e,6e)-octa-1,3,6-triene Chemical compound C\C=C\C\C=C\C=C PKHBEGZTQNOZLP-YDFGWWAZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)C)CCCCC1 HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-FNORWQNLSA-N 1,3-Octadiene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\C=C QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNQXSTWCDUXYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)C(=O)C1C2(C)C VNQXSTWCDUXYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl)peroxycyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(O)OOC1(OO)CCCCC1 UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJNIFZYQFLFGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 DJNIFZYQFLFGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSZXAFXFTLXUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BSZXAFXFTLXUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(CC)OOC(C)(C)C HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxy-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMVZGKVGQDHWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropoxy)-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JMVZGKVGQDHWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCDADJXRUCOCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorothioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZCDADJXRUCOCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRRQSCPPOIUNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 LRRQSCPPOIUNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJXJBPMWCKMWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-methylidenepent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(C)=C PJXJBPMWCKMWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFSCGDQQLKVJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RFSCGDQQLKVJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAOZZYBUAWEDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylidenehexane Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=C)CC OAOZZYBUAWEDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEQMGTVQPVODRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoct-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCC(=C)C=C SEQMGTVQPVODRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGLWCQMNTGCUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenepent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(=C)C=C IGLWCQMNTGCUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSNRMRKAYAJYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidenehex-2-ene Chemical compound CCC(=C)C=CC ZSNRMRKAYAJYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZXJPLGCUVUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,2-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1C PMZXJPLGCUVUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRBYTOUNXWKILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3-methylidenepent-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C(=C)C=C MRBYTOUNXWKILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000491 Polyphenylsulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920010524 Syndiotactic polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002807 Thiomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000476 acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006711 bornane-2,3-dione Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006326 desulfonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005869 desulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006030 multiblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SFBTTWXNCQVIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-Vinylanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C=C SFBTTWXNCQVIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940097156 peroxyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002465 poly[5-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid] polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHILLYASAGTPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 KHILLYASAGTPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005409 triarylsulfonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/20—Incorporating sulfur atoms into the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/04—Oxidation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
SINTESI DI POLIALCHILSOLFONATI DA DESTINARE ALLA SYNTHESIS OF POLYALKYLSULPHONATES TO BE INTENDED FOR THE
PRODUZIONE DI IONOMERI E POLIELETTROLITI MEDIANTE PRODUCTION OF IONOMERS AND POLYELECTROLYTES BY MEANS
SOLFONAZIONE SELETTIVA DI POLIDIENI E COPOLIMERI DEI DIENI SELECTIVE SULPHONATION OF POLYDIENES AND COPOLYMERS OF DIENES
CONIUGATI. CONJUGATES.
SETTORE DI INTERESSE DELLA PRESENTE INVENZIONE. FIELD OF INTEREST OF THE PRESENT INVENTION.
La presente invenzione riguarda un metodo selettivo e quantitativo di solfonazione di polimeri comprendenti unità olefmiche nella catena polimerica, con conseguente formazione di polialchilsolfonati da destinare alla produzione di ionomeri e polielettroliti. Tale processo determina l’addizione di gruppi solfonici e idrogeno a doppi legami carbonio-carbonio olefinici ovunque presenti in una catena polimerica, senza produrre reticolazione covalente tra le catene polimeriche e senza funzionai izzare altri gruppi, tipicamente anelli aromatici, presenti sulla stessa catena polimerica. The present invention relates to a selective and quantitative method of sulfonation of polymers comprising olefmic units in the polymeric chain, with consequent formation of polyalkylsulfonates to be used for the production of ionomers and polyelectrolytes. This process determines the addition of sulphonic and hydrogen groups to carbon-carbon olefinic double bonds everywhere present in a polymer chain, without producing covalent cross-linking between the polymer chains and without functionalizing other groups, typically aromatic rings, present on the same polymer chain. .
INTRODUZIONE ALL’INVENZIONE, INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION,
Polielettroliti e ionomeri sono polimeri di alta massa molecolare caratterizzati dalla presenza di gruppi funzionali acidi, come il solfonico (— SO3H) o il carbossilico (-COOH), presenti lungo la catena polimerica principale o su gruppi terminali e laterali. Nei polielettroliti la catena polimerica à ̈ costituita dalla concatenazione di un unico monomero recante il gruppo funzionale, mentre gli ionomeri sono copolimeri a blocchi in cui segmenti polimerici selettivamente funzionalizzati con i suddetti gruppi acidi sono alternati a segmenti polimerici generalmente apolari (Figura 1). Polielettroliti e ionomeri trovano applicazione nella produzione di membrane a scambio ionico per celle a combustibile, o nella produzione di catalizzatori superacidi, membrane elettrolitiche, sigillanti, emulsionanti e nuovi elastomeri termoplastici. Esempi tipici sono i polimeri aromatici solfonati (SAP), poli(etere etere chetone) solfonati (SPEEK), poli(etere solfone) solfonati (SPES), poli(etere solfone chetone) solfonati, polifenilsolfoni solfonati (SPPSU), poliimmidi solfonate (SPI), polibenzimidazolo solfonato (SPBI) e polifenilenossido solfonato (SPPO). In questi polimeri i gruppi solfonici sono presenti sugli anelli aromatici e distribuiti statisticamente lungo la catena polimerica. Detti gruppi arilsolfonici sono caratterizzati da buona stabilità termica, temperatura di desolfonazione termica tipicamente compresa tra 200 e 300°C ed elevata acidità di Bronsted [Durabìlity of Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers far Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells. Hou, Eh; Di Vona, M. L.; Knauth, P., ChemSusChem 2011, 4 (11), 1526-1536]. Polyelectrolytes and ionomers are high molecular mass polymers characterized by the presence of acid functional groups, such as sulphonic (â € ”SO3H) or carboxylic (-COOH), present along the main polymer chain or on terminal and side groups. In polyelectrolytes, the polymer chain consists of the concatenation of a single monomer bearing the functional group, while ionomers are block copolymers in which polymer segments selectively functionalized with the aforementioned acid groups are alternated with generally apolar polymer segments (Figure 1). Polyelectrolytes and ionomers find application in the production of ion exchange membranes for fuel cells, or in the production of superacid catalysts, electrolytic membranes, sealants, emulsifiers and new thermoplastic elastomers. Typical examples are sulphonated aromatic polymers (SAP), poly (ether ether ketone) sulfonates (SPEEK), poly (ether sulfone) sulfonates (SPES), poly (ether sulfone ketone) sulfonates, sulfonated polyphenylsulfones (SPPSU), sulfonated polyimides (SPI ), polybenzimidazole sulfonate (SPBI) and polyphenylene oxide sulfonate (SPPO). In these polymers the sulphonic groups are present on the aromatic rings and statistically distributed along the polymer chain. Said arylsulfonic groups are characterized by good thermal stability, thermal desulfonation temperature typically between 200 and 300 ° C and high Bronsted acidity [Durabìlity of Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers far Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells. Hou, Eh; Di Vona, M. L .; Knauth, P., ChemSusChem 2011, 4 (11), 1526-1536].
Polimeri alchilsolfonati, sebbene meno stabili termicamente e caratterizzati da minore acidità di Bronsted, rimangono ugualmente di grosso interesse negli stessi ambiti applicativi sopra citati. Un esempio à ̈ rappresentato dal Nailon<®>, un copolimero del tetrafluoroetilene con perfluorovinileteri, in cui gruppi alchilsolfonici sono presenti come gruppi laterali della catena polimerica. Il Nailon decompone termicamente tra circa 280 e 355°C e ha un pKadi circa -6 [ The effect of humidity on thà ̈ degradation ofNafìon<®>membrane. Chen, C.; Fuller, T. F., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94 (9), 1436-1447], Il Nailon<®>à ̈ di gran lunga il polimero alchilsolfonato più utilizzato commercialmente per la realizzazione di membrane a scambio protonico per celle a combustibile. Fattori fortemente limitanti il suo intensivo utilizzo industriale sono elevato costo di produzione, l'elevata permeabilità ai combustibili e la bassa conducibilità protonica a basso grado di idratazione. Alkylsulfonated polymers, although less thermally stable and characterized by lower Bronsted acidity, remain equally of great interest in the same application areas mentioned above. An example is represented by Nylon <®>, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorovinylethers, in which alkylsulfonic groups are present as side groups of the polymer chain. Nylon decomposes thermally between about 280 and 355 ° C and has a pKadi of about -6 [The effect of humidity on thà ̈ degradation ofNafìon <®> membrane. Chen, C .; Fuller, T. F., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94 (9), 1436-1447], Nylon <®> is by far the most commercially used alkylsulfonated polymer for the realization of proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Strongly limiting its intensive industrial use are high production cost, high permeability to fuels and low proton conductivity with a low degree of hydration.
Polibutadiene e copolimeri a blocchi polibutadiene-polistirene sono polimeri commerciali di basso costo e di potenziale interesse per la realizzazione di ionomeri e polielettroliti mediante funzionalizzazione selettiva e quantitativa della catena polimerica con gruppi solfonici. Per un’adeguata manipolazione e trasformazione di detti polimeri solfonati à ̈ necessario che nel processo sintetico non intervengano reazioni di reticolazione covalente tra le catene polimeriche, e la solfonazione sia realizzata nel modo più selettivo possibile. Infatti ionomeri comprendenti segmenti polimerici solfonati acidi alternati a segmenti polimerici apolari presentano proprietà chimico-fisiche superiori a quelle di polimeri aventi la stessa concentrazione di gruppi solforici ma distribuiti in maniera statistica lungo la catena polimerica. La presenza di segmenti polimerici solfonati determina segregazioni di fase che consentono una maggiore conducibilità protonica nei domini polari, migliori proprietà meccaniche (quali resistenza a trazione e a rottura) e minore permeabilità ai solventi, nonché la preservazione della eventuale cristallinità dei segmenti polimerici non solfonati. Polybutadiene and polybutadiene-polystyrene block copolymers are commercial polymers of low cost and of potential interest for the production of ionomers and polyelectrolytes by selective and quantitative functionalization of the polymer chain with sulphonic groups. For an adequate manipulation and transformation of said sulfonated polymers it is necessary that in the synthetic process there are no covalent cross-linking reactions between the polymer chains, and the sulfonation is carried out in the most selective way possible. In fact, ionomers comprising acid sulphonated polymeric segments alternating with apolar polymeric segments exhibit chemical-physical properties superior to those of polymers having the same concentration of sulfuric groups but statistically distributed along the polymeric chain. The presence of sulphonated polymeric segments determines phase segregations that allow greater proton conductivity in the polar domains, better mechanical properties (such as tensile and breaking strength) and lower permeability to solvents, as well as the preservation of any crystallinity of the non-sulphonated polymeric segments.
La solfonazione di polimeri à ̈ stata riportata in letteratura secondo diversi processi di cui i principali esempi sono di seguito elencati: The sulfonation of polymers has been reported in the literature according to various processes of which the main examples are listed below:
i) trattamento con anidride solforica (S03) in fase gassosa [Vapor phase sulfonation of polymer particles. Moody, H. R.; Edwards, R, W.; U.S. Pat. (1965) N. i) treatment with sulfuric anhydride (S03) in the gaseous phase [Vapor phase sulfonation of polymer particles. Moody, H. R .; Edwards, R, W .; U.S. Pat. (1965) N.
3218301] o in solventi alogenati, eventualmente in presenza di basi di Lewis, come il trietilfosfato [a) Method for sulfonating cìs-l,4-polybutadiene. Stratton, C. A.; U.S. Pat. (1969) N. 3432480. b) Waterflooding process employìng anionic nonìonic copolymer. Chen, C. S. H.; Schwab, F. C.; Sheppard E. W.; U.S. Pat. (1978) N. 3218301] or in halogenated solvents, possibly in the presence of Lewis bases, such as triethylphosphate [a) Method for sulfonating cìs-1,4-polybutadiene. Stratton, C. A .; U.S. Pat. (1969) No. 3432480. b) Waterflooding process employìng anionic nonìonic copolymer. Chen, C. S. H .; Schwab, F. C .; Sheppard E. W .; U.S. Pat. (1978) No.
4120801], tetraidrofurano, diossano o animine [Sulfonated Polymers, Canter, N. H.; U.S. Pat. (1972) N. 3642728] in grado di attivare l'addizione d anidride solforica. Questa procedura risulta ambientalmente poco compatibile ed à ̈ scarsamente selettiva. Applicata a copolimeri stirene-butadiene determina la solfonazione statistica sia dei segmenti polimerici dienici che stirenici; 4120801], tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or amines [Sulfonated Polymers, Canter, N. H .; U.S. Pat. (1972) No. 3642728] capable of activating the addition of sulfuric anhydride. This procedure is not environmentally compatible and is scarcely selective. Applied to styrene-butadiene copolymers it determines the statistical sulfonation of both diene and styrene polymeric segments;
ii) trattamento con acidi alosolfonici come l'acido clorosolfonico (CISO3H) in etere dietilico [Selectively sulfonated block copolymers and process for their preparation. O'Neil, W. P.; U.S. Pat. (1972) N. 3642953]. Questo metodo risulta efficace nella solfonazione statistica sia di polidieni che di polistirene. E’ stata inoltre osservata, in queste condizioni, una reazione secondaria di addizione di acido alogenidrico ai doppi legami olefinici con conseguente formazione di aioderivati alchilici; ii) treatment with halosulfonic acids such as chlorosulfonic acid (CISO3H) in diethyl ether [Selectively sulfonated block copolymers and process for their preparation. O'Neil, W. P .; U.S. Pat. (1972) No. 3642953]. This method is effective in the statistical sulfonation of both polydidenes and polystyrene. Furthermore, under these conditions, a secondary reaction of addition of halogenic acid to the olefinic double bonds was observed with consequent formation of alkyl aioderivatives;
ni) trattamento con acido solforico concentrato. Questo metodo determina la solfonazione statistica sia di polidieni che di polistirene; richiede condizioni di reazione molto drastiche, valori di pH molto bassi e il grado di solfonazione non à ̈ particolarmente elevato [Verfahren zur Herstellung von wà ssrìgen Polymerdìspersionen mit wasserlòslichen Polyolefìnstabilìsatoren. Zimmermann, A.; Tauer, K,; (2001) DE10022871A1]; ni) treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid. This method determines the statistical sulfonation of both polydidenes and polystyrene; it requires very drastic reaction conditions, very low pH values and the degree of sulfonation is not particularly high [Verfahren zur Herstellung von wà ssrìgen Polymerdìspersionen mit wasserlòslichen Polyolefìnstabilìsatoren. Zimmermann, A .; Tauer, K ,; (2001) DE10022871A1];
iv) trattamento con acido solforico in presenza di ipocloriti alchilici [Manufacture ofhigh molecular weight substances. Sakuragi, T.; Akiyama, S.; U.S. Pat. (1970) N. iv) treatment with sulfuric acid in the presence of alkyl hypochlorites [Manufacture ofhigh molecular weight substances. Sakuragi, T .; Akiyama, S .; U.S. Pat. (1970) N.
3551394]; 3551394];
v) trattamento con idrogenosolfìti e metasolfiti a 120°C in presenza di ossigeno, catalizzatori metallici, o perossido di idrogeno o perossoderivati [a) Sulfonated produci of butadiene or isoprene oìigomer and thà ̈ production thereof Matsuda, Y,; Suzuki, Y.; Yasui, S.; U.S. Pat. (1978) N. 4115437; b) Sulfonated aliphatic compounds. Lee, B.; Pielartzik, H.; Jacobs, G.; U.S, Pat. (1999) N. 5919976]; v) treatment with hydrogen sulphites and metasulphites at 120 ° C in the presence of oxygen, metal catalysts, or hydrogen peroxide or peroxy derivatives [a) Sulfonated produci of butadiene or isoprene oìigomer and thà ̈ production thereof Matsuda, Y ,; Suzuki, Y .; Yasui, S .; U.S. Pat. (1978) No. 4115437; b) Sulfonated aliphatic compounds. Lee, B .; Pielartzik, H .; Jacobs, G .; U.S, Pat. (1999) No. 5919976];
vi) trattamento con acido acetilsolfonico (CH3COQSO3H) ottenuto per reazione di acetilcloruro con acido solforico [Process far farming a barium sulfanate containg polymer. Makowski H. S.; U.S. Pat (1982) N. 4,310,445], oppure anidride acetica e acido solforico [Sulfonated block copolymers. Balas, J. G.; Gergen, W, P.; U.S. Pat. (1993) N. 5239010], Questo metodo à ̈ molto efficiente ma poco selettivo in quanto produce la solfonazione statistica sia di polidieni e segmenti polimerici polidienici che di polistirene e segmenti polimerici polistirenici. E’ stata inoltre osservata reticolazione covalente, di tipo solfato, tra le catene polimeriche. vi) treatment with acetylsulfonic acid (CH3COQSO3H) obtained by reaction of acetyl chloride with sulfuric acid [Process far farming a barium sulfanate containg polymer. Makowski H. S .; U.S. Pat (1982) No. 4,310,445], or acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid [Sulfonated block copolymers. Balas, J. G .; Gergen, W, P .; U.S. Pat. (1993) No. 5239010], This method is very efficient but not very selective as it produces the statistical sulfonation of both polydienes and polydidene polymeric segments and of polystyrene and polystyrene polymeric segments. In addition, covalent crosslinking of the sulphate type was observed between the polymer chains.
DESCRIZIONE SINTETICA DELL’INVENZIONE. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
Oggetto della presente invenzione à ̈ una procedura innovativa, veloce e selettiva, per la sintesi di polialchìlsolfonati, e dei corrispondenti derivati metallici, definiti solfonati metallici, risultanti dall’addizione quantitativa di gruppi solforici (-SO3H) e idrogeno (H) a doppi legami carbonio-carbonio di natura olefinica, ovunque presenti in una catena polimerica. In particolare la reazione può essere condotta con successo su polidieni o segmenti polidienici di copolimeri diblocco, tribloeco, multiblocco, a stella o ramificati dei dieni coniugati, principalmente butadiene e isoprene. Detta procedura non produce trasformazione chimica di altri gruppi funzionali, principalmente anelli aromatici eventualmente presenti nella catena polimerica con conseguente formazione di polimeri arilsolfonati. The object of the present invention is an innovative, fast and selective procedure for the synthesis of polyalkylsulfonates, and of the corresponding metal derivatives, defined as metal sulfonates, resulting from the quantitative addition of sulfuric groups (-SO3H) and hydrogen (H) with carbon-carbon double bonds of olefinic nature, everywhere present in a polymer chain. In particular, the reaction can be successfully carried out on polydienes or polydidene segments of diblock, tribloec, multiblock, star or branched copolymers of conjugated dienes, mainly butadiene and isoprene. Said procedure does not produce chemical transformation of other functional groups, mainly aromatic rings possibly present in the polymeric chain with consequent formation of arylsulfonated polymers.
Il processo comprende due stadi di reazione: nel primo stadio un acido tiocarbossilico o ditiocarbossilico, preferibilmente l’acido tiolacetico (CH3COSH, CAS: 507-09-5), viene addizionato ai doppi legami carbonio-carbonio di natura olefinica presenti nella catena polimerica producendo un polimero tioacetilato (vedi Schema 1). Detta reazione, definita da questo punto in poi reazione di tioacetilazione, à ̈ seguita da ossidazione del polimero tioacetilato mediante trattamento con un acido carbossilico e perossido di idrogeno con conseguente formazione del polimero alchilsolfonato. Le due reazioni possono essere condotte in rapida successione nello stesso reattore, senza isolare i prodotti di reazione, o, alternativamente, isolando il polimero tioacetilato e realizzando la sua successiva ossidazione in altro reattore. La reazione di tioacetilazione procede più velocemente sulle unità viniliche e più lentamente su quelle di natura olefinica disostituita, presenti lungo la catena polimerica con stereochimica cis- 1,4 e trans- 1,4. A titolo di esempio la tioacetilazione di una soluzione di cis -l,4-polibutadiene à ̈ completa in 8 ore a temperatura ambiente. The process includes two reaction stages: in the first stage a thiocarboxylic or dithiocarboxylic acid, preferably thiolacetic acid (CH3COSH, CAS: 507-09-5), is added to the carbon-carbon double bonds of olefinic nature present in the polymer chain producing a thioacetylated polymer (see Scheme 1). Said reaction, defined from this point on as a thioacetylation reaction, is followed by oxidation of the thioacetylated polymer by treatment with a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide with consequent formation of the alkylsulfonated polymer. The two reactions can be carried out in rapid succession in the same reactor, without isolating the reaction products, or, alternatively, by isolating the thioacetylated polymer and carrying out its subsequent oxidation in another reactor. The thioacetylation reaction proceeds faster on vinyl units and more slowly on those of disubstituted olefinic nature, present along the polymer chain with cis-1,4 and trans-1,4 stereochemistry. By way of example, the thioacetylation of a cis-1,4-polybutadiene solution is complete in 8 hours at room temperature.
La suddetta reazione di tioacetilazione può esser catalizzata da un attivatore radicalico in presenza di radiazione ultravioletta compresa tra 10 e 400 nm, generalmente 365nm, e potenza compresa tra 0.000001 e 1000000 W, preferibilmente 100W. A titolo di esempio la tioacetilazione del campione di cis-1,4-polibutadiene sopra citato à ̈, in queste condizioni sperimentali, quantitativa in un’ora a 25°C The aforesaid thioacetylation reaction can be catalyzed by a radical activator in the presence of ultraviolet radiation between 10 and 400 nm, generally 365nm, and power between 0.000001 and 1000000 W, preferably 100W. As an example, the thioacetylation of the cis-1,4-polybutadiene sample mentioned above is, under these experimental conditions, quantitative in one hour at 25 ° C
La reazione di tioacetilazione può essere condotta con successo su copolimeri statistici o a blocchi dello stirene con dieni coniugati. La reazione di tioacetilazione condotta su questi copolimeri in presenza di radiazione UV ed attivatore radicalico à ̈ quantitativa in un'ora e lascia completamente non funzionalizzati gli anelli aromatici dei segmenti polistirenici. The thioacetylation reaction can be successfully carried out on statistical or block copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes. The thioacetylation reaction carried out on these copolymers in the presence of UV radiation and radical activator is quantitative in one hour and leaves the aromatic rings of the polystyrene segments completely non-functional.
Nel secondo stadio del processo oggetto della presente invenzione il polimero tioacetilato viene ossidato a 70°C mediante trattamento con un acido carbossilico, generalmente formico o acetico, seguito dall’aggiunta, nell’arco di 15-60 min, di una soluzione acquosa di perossido di idrogeno, al 35% in peso, con conseguente formazione in situ del corrispondente peracido. La reazione à ̈ auto catalitica e fortemente esotermica, in quanto la formazione dei gruppi solfonici acidi catalizza la formazione del peracido. In the second stage of the process object of the present invention, the thioacetylated polymer is oxidized at 70 ° C by treatment with a carboxylic acid, generally formic or acetic, followed by the addition, over a period of 15-60 minutes, of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, at 35% by weight, with consequent formation in situ of the corresponding peracid. The reaction is self-catalytic and strongly exothermic, as the formation of acid sulphonic groups catalyzes the formation of peracid.
I polimeri comprendenti segmenti polimerici solfonati presentano spiccate caratteristiche anfifiliche ed igroscopiche: rigonfiano per qualunque grado di solfonazione in acqua, acetone, o in alcoli quali il metanolo, l'etanolo o l'isopropanolo. Polimeri con grado di solfonazione compreso tra 15 e 100 % in moli sono solubili a temperature superiori a 50°C in solventi polari quali dimetilsolfossido (DMSO), dimetilformammide (DMF), tetraidrofurano (THF), e a temperatura ambiente in miscele di solventi polari e apolari come dimetilsolfossido/cloroformio, dimetilsolfossido/l,l,2,2-tetracloroetano. Polimeri con grado di solfonazione inferiore a 15 mol% sono solubili in THF, cloroformio, 1,1, 2, 2 -tetracloroetano e toluene. Polymers comprising sulphonated polymeric segments have marked amphiphilic and hygroscopic characteristics: they swell for any degree of sulfonation in water, acetone, or in alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. Polymers with a degree of sulfonation between 15 and 100% by moles are soluble at temperatures above 50 ° C in polar solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and at room temperature in mixtures of polar solvents and non-polar such as dimethylsulfoxide / chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide / l, 1,2-tetrachloroethane. Polymers with a degree of sulfonation lower than 15 mol% are soluble in THF, chloroform, 1,1, 2, 2 -tetrachloroethane and toluene.
La reazione di tioacetilazione può essere seguita da trattamento con nucleofili, basi di Lewis e di Bronsted per la produzione di polimeri tiolati, definiti e da questo punto in poi polialchiltiolati. Tale reazione può essere condotta nella stessa soluzione risultante dalla reazione di tioacetilazione o condotta in tempi e reattori diversi. The thioacetylation reaction can be followed by treatment with nucleophiles, Lewis and Bronsted bases for the production of thiolated polymers, defined and from this point on polyalkylthiolates. This reaction can be carried out in the same solution resulting from the thioacetylation reaction or carried out in different times and reactors.
DETTAGLIATA DESCRIZIONE DELL’INVENZIONE. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
La procedura di solfonazione, oggetto delia presente invenzione, può essere applicata a polimeri contenenti unità olefiniche isolate o coniugate, polimeri dei dieni coniugati (1,3 -butadiene, isoprene, cloroprene, 2-etil-l,3-butadiene, 2-isopropil~l,3-butadiene, 2-amile-l,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimetil-l,3-butadiene, 2-metil-3-etil-l,3-butadiene, 2,3-dietil-l,3-butadiene, 2-fenil-l,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-metil-1,3 -pentadiene, 2-etil- 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dibutil-l,3pentadiene, 1 ,3-esadiene, 4-metil-l,3-esadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 3-butil-l,3-octadiene, 1,3,6-octatriene, 1,3-dodeeadiene, cicloottatetraene e simili o loro miscele); copolimeri statistici, copolimeri diblocco, triblocco, multiblocco, a innesto, a stella o ramificati comprendenti gruppi olefinici sulla catena polimerica, lungo la catena principale o sui gruppi terminali e laterali, nonché su loro miscele. The sulfonation procedure, object of the present invention, can be applied to polymers containing isolated or conjugated olefinic units, polymers of conjugated dienes (1,3 -butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-isopropyl ~ 1,3-butadiene, 2-amyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1 , 3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dibutyl-1,3-pentadiene , 1, 3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 3-butyl-1,3-octadiene, 1,3,6-octatriene, 1,3-dodeeadiene, cyclooctatetraene and the like or their mixtures); Statistical copolymers, diblock, triblock, multiblock, graft, star or branched copolymers comprising olefin groups on the polymer chain, along the main chain or on the end and side groups, as well as on their mixtures.
La procedura di solfonazione, oggetto della presente invenzione, riguarda la funzionalizzazione compresa tra 0.000001% e 100% in moli dei doppi legami olefmici presenti sulla catena polimerica, lungo la catena principale o sui gruppi terminali e laterali. The sulfonation procedure, object of the present invention, concerns the functionalization between 0.000001% and 100% by moles of the olefmic double bonds present on the polymeric chain, along the main chain or on the terminal and side groups.
Detta procedura di solfonazione comprende due stadi di reazione (Schema 1). Said sulfonation procedure comprises two reaction stages (Scheme 1).
Nei primo stadio il polimero, o un suo aerosol, o soluzione, o sospensione in un solvente organico, a titolo illustrativo e non limitante, ad esempio solvente alifatico (butano, pentano, esano, eptano, ottano, isoottano, cicloesano, metilcicloesano, etere di petrolio e loro simili), aromatico (toluene, benzene, xilene, anisolo e loro simili), alogenato (tetracloruro di carbonio, cloroformio, diclorometano, tetracloroetano e loro simili), ossigenato (tetraidrofurano, etere dietilico, acetone, 2-butanone, metanolo, etanolo, propanolo, isopropanolo, butanolo, acetato d'etile e simili) e loro simili o loro miscele, preferibilmente in toluene, viene trattata a temperatura compresa tra —100° e 300°C, comunemente tra 20° e 80°C, preferibilmente a temperatura ambiente, con un acido tiocarbossilico o ditiocarbossilico, preferibilmente l’acido tiolacetico (CH3COSH, CAS: 507-09-5) in quantità comprese tra 10<"6>e 10<6>equivalenti, comunemente 0.1-2 equivalenti, preferibilmente un equivalente; detto numero di equivalenti à ̈ calcolato con riferimento al numero di doppi legami carbonio-carbonio olefinici presenti nel polimero. In the first stage the polymer, or an aerosol thereof, or solution, or suspension in an organic solvent, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, for example aliphatic solvent (butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ether petroleum and their like), aromatic (toluene, benzene, xylene, anisole and their like), halogenated (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane and their like), oxygenated (tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-butanone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and the like) and their like or their mixtures, preferably in toluene, is treated at a temperature between â € "100 ° and 300 ° C, commonly between 20 ° and 80 ° C, preferably at room temperature, with a thiocarboxylic or dithiocarboxylic acid, preferably thiolacetic acid (CH3COSH, CAS: 507-09-5) in quantities between 10 <"6> and 10 <6> equivalent, commonly 0.1 -2 equivalents, preferably an equivalent ; said number of equivalents is calculated with reference to the number of olefinic carbon-carbon double bonds present in the polymer.
A titolo illustrativo e non di limitazione della presente invenzione vengono riportati alcuni esempi di tioacetilazione in Tabella 1. By way of illustration and not of limitation of the present invention, some examples of thioacetylation are reported in Table 1.
A titolo di esempio la tioacetilazione di un campione di cis-l,4-polibutadiene (Mw= 6.3-10<5>Da; 1,4— B = 85 mol% ; 1,2-B = 15 mol% ) condotta in toluene con due equivalenti di acido tiolacetico à ̈ completa in 8 ore (EsSEMPIO 1). Nel caso del polibutadiene i doppi legami vinilici, risultanti da inserzione 1,2- vinilica del butadiene, risultano tioacetilati in due ore mentre i doppi legami olefìnici c— 1,4 e trans— 1,4 sono funzionalizzati in 8 ore. As an example, the thioacetylation of a sample of cis-1,4-polybutadiene (Mw = 6.3-10 <5> Da; 1,4â € "B = 85 mol%; 1,2-B = 15 mol%) carried out in toluene with two equivalents of thiolacetic acid it is complete in 8 hours (EXAMPLE 1). In the case of polybutadiene, the vinyl double bonds, resulting from the 1,2-vinyl insertion of the butadiene, are thioacetylated in two hours while the câ € "1.4 and transâ €" 1.4 olefonic double bonds are functionalized in 8 hours .
A titolo di esempio la tioacetilazione di un copolimero triblocco polistirene-bpolibutadiene-b-polistirene à ̈ selettiva sui segmenti polibutadienici e la funzionalizzazione con gruppi tioacetilici e delT87% in 24 ore (ESEMPIO 2). By way of example, the thioacetylation of a polystyrene-bpolybutadiene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer is selective on the polybutadiene segments and the functionalization with thioacetyl groups and 87% in 24 hours (EXAMPLE 2).
La reazione di tioacetilazione procede più velocemente in presenza di un attivatore radicalico termo— o foto— sensibile seguito da radiazione ultravioletta di opportuna lunghezza d'onda e potenza. A titolo di esempio e non limitante, iniziatore fotochimico, può essere scelto tra benzofenone (CAS: 119-61-9), acetofenone (CAS: 98-86-2), 2-idrossi-4'-metossi-2-(4-metossifenil)acetophenone (CAS: 119-52-8), antrachinone (CAS: 84-65-1), 2-(acido solfonico)-antrachinone (CAS: 153277-35-1), (benzene)tricarbonilCromo (CAS: 12082-08-5), difeniletandione, difeniletandione (CAS: 134-81-6), l,2-difenil-2-idrossi-etanone (CAS: 119-53-9), l,2-difenil-2-etossi-etanone (CAS: 574-09-4), l,2-difenil-2-isobutìlossi-etanone (CAS: 22499-12-3), l,2-difenil-2-metossi-etanone (CAS: 3524-62-7), 1-idrossicicloesil-fenilchetone (CAS: 947-19-3), 3,3',4,4'-tetracarbossilicdianidride benzofenone (CAS: 2421-28-5), 4-fenilbenzofenone (CAS: 2128-93-0), 2-benzil-2-(dimetilammino)-4 -morfolinobutirr (CAS: 119313-12-1), 4,4'-bis(dietilammino)benzofenone (CAS: 90-93-7), 4,4'-bis(dimetilammino)benzofenone (CAS: 90-94-8), canforchinone (CAS: 10373-78-1), 2-clorotioxantene-9-one (CAS: 86-39-5), (Cumene)ciclopentadienilferro(II) esafluorofosfato (CAS: 32760-80-8), 5-dibenzosuberenone (CAS: 2222-33-5), 2,2-dietossiacetofenone (CAS: 6175-45-7), 4,4-diidrossiacetofenone (CAS: 611-99-4), 2,2-dimetossi-2-fenilacetofenone (CAS: 24650-42-8), 4-(dimetilammino)benzofenone (CAS: 530-44-9), Di-p-toliletandione (CAS: 3457-48-5), 2,5-dimetilbenzofenone (CAS: 4044-60-4), 3,4-dimetilbenzofenone (CAS: 2571-39-3), difenil(2,4,6-trimetilbenzoil)fosfinossido (CAS: 75980-60-8), 2-idrossi-2-metilpropiofenone (CAS: 7473-98-5), 2-etilantraquinone (CAS: 84-51-5), ferrocene (CAS: 102-54-5), 3'-idrossiacetofenone (CAS: 121-71-1), 4'-idrossiacetofenone (CAS: 99-93-4), 3-idrossibenzofenone (CAS: 13020-57-0), 4-idrossibenzofenone (CAS: 1137-42-4), 2-idrossibenzofenone (CAS: 117-99-7), 2-metilbenzofenone (CAS: 131-58-8), 2-metil-4'-(metiltio)-2-morfolinopropiofenone (CAS: 71868-10-5), 9,10-fenantrenequinone (CAS: 84-11-7), 4'-fenossiacetofenone (CAS: 5031-78-7), Tioxanten-9-one (CAS: 492-22-8), triarilsolfonio esafluoroantlmoniato sale misto (CAS: 109037-75-4), tri arii sol foni o esafluoroforfatato sale misto, e loro simili o loro miscele, preferibilmente benzofenone, mentre l'iniziatore radicalico termico può essere scelto tra: terz-amil perossibenzoato (CAS: 4511-39-1), 4,4 -azobis(acido 4-cianovalerico) (CAS: 2638-94-0), 1,1-azobis(cicloesancarbonitrile) (CAS: 2094-98-6), 2,2'-azobisisobutirronitrile (AIBN, CAS: 78-67-1), benzoli perossido (CAS: 94-36-0), 2,2-Bis(terz-butilperossi)butano (CAS: 2167-23-9), 1 , 1 -bis(terzbutilperossi)cicloesano (CAS: 3006-86-8), 2,5-bis(terz-butilperosso)-2,5dimeti!esano (CAS: 78-63-7), 2,5-bis(terz-butilperosso)-2,5-dimetil-3-esino (CAS: 213-944-5), bis(l-(terz-butilperosso)-l-metiletil)benzene (CAS: 25155-25-3), 1,1-Bis(terz-butiìperosso)-3,3,5- trimetilcicloesano (CAS: 6731-36-8), terz-butil idroperossido (CAS: 75-91-2), terz-butil peracetato (CAS: 107-71-1), terz-butil perossido (CAS: 110-05-4), terz-butil perossobenzoato (CAS: 614-45-9), terzbutilperosso isopropyl carbonate (CAS: 2372-21-6), eumene idroperossido (CAS: 80-15-9), cicloesanone perossido (CAS: 12262-58-7), dicumil perossido (CAS: 80-43-3), lauril perossido (CAS: 105-74-8), 2,4- pentandione perossido (CAS: 37187-22-7), acid peracetico (CAS: 79-21-0), persolfato di potassio (CAS: 7727-21-1) e loro simili o loro miscele. La tioacetilazione del campione di polibutadiene utilizzato nell’ ESEMPIO 3 à ̈ completa in un'ora se condotta in presenza di IO<-6>IO<6>equivalenti di benzofenone, tipicamente 8 milliequivalenti, e la soluzione à ̈ irradiata con radiazione UV compresa tra 10 e 400 nm, generalmente 365 nm, e potenza compresa tra 1 Î1⁄4W e 10 MW, generalmente 100W. (ESEMPI 3-7). Il numero di equivalenti à ̈ calcolato in riferimento al numero di legami carbonio-carbonio olefinici presenti nella catena polimerica. The thioacetylation reaction proceeds faster in the presence of a thermoâ € ”or photoâ €” sensitive radical activator followed by ultraviolet radiation of suitable wavelength and power. By way of example and not limiting, photochemical initiator, can be chosen between benzophenone (CAS: 119-61-9), acetophenone (CAS: 98-86-2), 2-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2- (4 -methoxyphenyl) acetophenone (CAS: 119-52-8), anthraquinone (CAS: 84-65-1), 2- (sulfonic acid) -antraquinone (CAS: 153277-35-1), (benzene) tricarbonylChrome (CAS: 12082-08-5), diphenylethane, diphenylethane (CAS: 134-81-6), 1,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxy-ethanone (CAS: 119-53-9), 1,2-diphenyl-2-ethoxy -ethanone (CAS: 574-09-4), 1,2-diphenyl-2-isobutyloxy-ethanone (CAS: 22499-12-3), 1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxy-ethanone (CAS: 3524 -62-7), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone (CAS: 947-19-3), 3,3 ', 4,4'-tetracarboxylicdianhydride benzophenone (CAS: 2421-28-5), 4-phenylbenzophenone (CAS: 2128 -93-0), 2-benzyl-2- (dimethylamino) -4-morpholinobutyr (CAS: 119313-12-1), 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone (CAS: 90-93-7), 4 , 4'-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone (CAS: 90-94-8), camphorquinone (CAS: 10373-78-1), 2-chlorothioxanthene-9-one (CAS: 86-39-5), (Cumene) cyclopentadien ilferro (II) hexafluorophosphate (CAS: 32760-80-8), 5-dibenzosuberenone (CAS: 2222-33-5), 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone (CAS: 6175-45-7), 4,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (CAS : 611-99-4), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (CAS: 24650-42-8), 4- (dimethylamino) benzophenone (CAS: 530-44-9), Di-p-tolylethane (CAS : 3457-48-5), 2,5-dimethylbenzophenone (CAS: 4044-60-4), 3,4-dimethylbenzophenone (CAS: 2571-39-3), diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinoxide ( CAS: 75980-60-8), 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (CAS: 7473-98-5), 2-ethylantraquinone (CAS: 84-51-5), ferrocene (CAS: 102-54-5), 3'-hydroxyacetophenone (CAS: 121-71-1), 4'-hydroxyacetophenone (CAS: 99-93-4), 3-hydroxybenzophenone (CAS: 13020-57-0), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (CAS: 1137-42 -4), 2-hydroxybenzophenone (CAS: 117-99-7), 2-methylbenzophenone (CAS: 131-58-8), 2-methyl-4 '- (methylthio) -2-morpholinopropiophenone (CAS: 71868-10 -5), 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (CAS: 84-11-7), 4'-phenoxyacetophenone (CAS: 5031-78-7), Thioxanthen-9-one (CAS: 492-22-8), triarylsulfonium hexafluoroanthalmons mixed ato salt (CAS: 109037-75-4), tri arii sulfoni or hexafluoroforfatato mixed salt, and their like or mixtures thereof, preferably benzophenone, while the radical thermal initiator can be chosen from: tert-amyl peroxybenzoate (CAS: 4511-39-1), 4,4 -azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (CAS: 2638-94-0), 1,1-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (CAS: 2094-98-6), 2,2 ' -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, CAS: 78-67-1), benzene peroxide (CAS: 94-36-0), 2,2-Bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane (CAS: 2167-23-9), 1, 1 -bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CAS: 3006-86-8), 2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane (CAS: 78-63-7), 2,5-bis (tert- butylperoxy) -2,5-dimethyl-3-hexine (CAS: 213-944-5), bis (1- (tert-butylperoxo) -l-methylethyl) benzene (CAS: 25155-25-3), 1.1 -Bis (tert-butyl peroxide) -3,3,5- trimethylcyclohexane (CAS: 6731-36-8), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (CAS: 75-91-2), tert-butyl peracetate (CAS: 107- 71-1), tert-butyl peroxide (CAS: 110-05-4), tert-butyl peroxobenzoate (CAS: 614-45-9), tertzbutyl peroxide isopropyl carbonate (CAS: 2372-21-6), cumene hydroperoxide (CAS: 80-15-9), cyclohexanone peroxide (CAS: 12262-58-7), dicumyl peroxide (CAS: 80-43-3), lauryl peroxide ( CAS: 105-74-8), 2,4-pentanedione peroxide (CAS: 37187-22-7), peracetic acid (CAS: 79-21-0), potassium persulfate (CAS: 7727-21-1) and their likes or their mixtures. The thioacetylation of the polybutadiene sample used in EXAMPLE 3 is complete in one hour if carried out in the presence of 10 <-6> 10 <6> benzophenone equivalents, typically 8 milliequivalents, and the solution is irradiated with UV radiation between 10 and 400 nm, generally 365 nm, and power between 1 Î1⁄4W and 10 MW, generally 100W. (EXAMPLES 3-7). The number of equivalents is calculated with reference to the number of olefinic carbon-carbon bonds present in the polymer chain.
La reazione di tioacetilazione può analogamente essere condotta con alte conversioni (80-100%) e tempi brevi (1-4 ore) su copolimeri dello stirene con dieni coniugati realizzando esclusivamente la funzionalizzazione delle unità olefiniche presenti nella catena polimerica. Possono essere sottoposti a selettiva tioacetilazione copolimeri statistici dello stirene con dieni coniugati, copolimeri diblocco SB, triblocco copolimeri polistirene-b-polibutadiene-b-polistirene, multibiocco (S-B)ncopolimeri a stella e ramificati in cui S può essere stirene, p-metilstirene, m-metilstirene, ometilstirene, 2,4-dimetilstirene, 2,5-dimetilstirene, 3,4-dimetilstirene, 3,5-dimetilstirene, p-etilstirene, m-etilstirene, o-etil stirene, terbutilstirene, p-fenilstirene, p-clorostirene, m-clorostirene, o-clorostirene, p-bromostirene, m-bromostirene, obromostirenc, p-fluorostirene, m-fluorostirene, o-fluorostirene, p-metossistirene, mmetossistirene, o-metossistirene, p-etossistirene, m-etossistirene, o-etossistirene, pterbutossistirene, m-terbutossistirene, o-terbutossistirene, divinilbenzene, acrilonitrile o loro miscele; B à ̈ 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, cloroprene, 2-etil- 1 ,3-butadiene, 2-isopropil-l,3-butadiene, 2-amile- 1,3 -butadiene, 2,3-dimetil-l,3-butadiene, 2-metil-3-etil-l,3-butadiene, 2,3-dietil-l,3-butadiene, 2-fenil-l,3-butadiene, 1 ,3-pentadiene, 2-metil-l,3-pentadiene, 2-etil-l,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dibutil-l,3pentadiene, 1,3-esadiene, 4-metil-l,3-esadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 3-butil-l,3-octadiene, 1,3,6-octatriene, 1,3-dodecadiene, cicloottatetraene e simili o loro miscele; con lunghezza media dei blocchi compresa tra 1 e 1000000 unità monomeriche. Le omosequenze stireniche sono stereoirregolari o stereo-regio regolari con stereoregolarità di tipo isotattico e sindiotattieo e regiochimica di inserzione di tipo primario e secondario; le omosequenze dieniche possono avere stereochìmica di tipo 1 ,2-vinilico, cis- 1,4 e trans— 1, 4. The thioacetylation reaction can similarly be carried out with high conversions (80-100%) and short times (1-4 hours) on copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes, realizing only the functionalization of the olefinic units present in the polymeric chain. Statistical copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes, diblock copolymers SB, triblock copolymers polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene, multibioc (S-B) n star and branched copolymers in which S can be styrene, p-methylstyrene, can be subjected to selective thioacetylation. m-methylstyrene, omethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 2,5-dimethylstyrene, 3,4-dimethylstyrene, 3,5-dimethylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, m-ethylstyrene, o-ethyl styrene, terbutylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p -chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, o-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, m-bromostyrene, obromostyrene, p-fluorostyrene, m-fluorostyrene, o-fluorostyrene, p-methoxystyrene, mmethoxystyrene, o-methoxystyrene, p-ethoxystyrene, , o-ethoxy styrene, pterbutoxystyrene, m-terbutoxystyrene, o-terbutoxystyrene, divinylbenzene, acrylonitrile or mixtures thereof; B à ̈ 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, 2-ethyl-1, 3-butadiene, 2-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-amyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1 , 3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl -1, 3-pentadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dibutyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 3 -butyl-1,3-octadiene, 1,3,6-octatriene, 1,3-dodecadiene, cyclooctatetraene and the like or mixtures thereof; with average block length between 1 and 1000000 monomer units. The styrene homosequences are stereoirregular or regular stereo-regio with isotactic and syndiotactic stereoregularity and primary and secondary insertion regiochemistry; the diene homosequences can have stereochemics of type 1, 2-vinyl, cis-1,4 and transâ € ”1, 4.
A titolo di esempio copolimeri multiblocco dello stirene e del butadiene, aventi massa molecolare complessiva compresa tra 1 e 1000 kDa, costituiti da segmenti polimerici di polistirene sindiotattico di lunghezza media di blocco compresa tra 1 e 1000000 unità monomeriche, alternati a segmenti di cis- 1 ,4-polibutadiene, di lunghezza media di blocco compresa tra 1 e 1000000 unità monomeriche, e includenti da 0.11 a 20% in moli di butadiene inserito con chemoselettività di tipo 3 ,2 vinilica, risultano quantitativamente tioacetilati (grado di tioacetilazione >99% in moli) sulla frazione insatura di tipo olefinico in 4 ore quando la soluzione polimerica e trattata con da 10 equivalenti a 10 equivalenti di benzofenone per ogni doppio legame carbonio-carbonio, tipicamente 8 milliequivalenti, e la soluzione à ̈ irraggiata con radiazione UV compresa tra 10 e 400 nm, generalmente 365 nm, e potenza compresa tra 1 Î1⁄4W e 10 MW, generalmente 100W. (ESEMPIO 9). By way of example, multiblock copolymers of styrene and butadiene, having a total molecular mass between 1 and 1000 kDa, consisting of polymeric segments of syndiotactic polystyrene with an average block length between 1 and 1000000 monomer units, alternating with segments of cis- 1 , 4-polybutadiene, with an average block length between 1 and 1000000 monomer units, and including from 0.11 to 20% by moles of butadiene inserted with type 3, 2 vinyl chemoselectivity, are quantitatively thioacetylates (degree of thioacetylation> 99% in moles) on the unsaturated olefinic fraction in 4 hours when the polymeric solution is treated with from 10 equivalent to 10 equivalent of benzophenone for each carbon-carbon double bond, typically 8 milliequivalents, and the solution is irradiated with UV radiation between 10 and 400 nm, generally 365 nm, and power between 1 Î1⁄4W and 10 MW, generally 100W. (EXAMPLE 9).
A titolo di esempio la reazione di tioacetilazione condotta su copolimeri polistireneb-poliisoprene-b-polistirene (S = 18 mol%, I = 82 mol %) produce in un'ora il 33% di funzionalizzazione delle unità dieniche quando si utilizza un equivalente di acido tiolacetico, 8 milliequivalenti di benzofenone e radiazione ultravioletta di 365 nm alla potenza di 100W (ESEMPIO 11). By way of example, the thioacetylation reaction carried out on polystyrene b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene copolymers (S = 18 mol%, I = 82 mol%) produces 33% functionalization of the diene units in one hour when an equivalent of thiolacetic acid, 8 milliequivalents of benzophenone and ultraviolet radiation of 365 nm at the power of 100W (EXAMPLE 11).
I polìmeri tioacetilati sono quindi convertiti nei corrispondenti polimeri solfonati mediante una reazione di ossidazione, oggetto della presente invenzione, condotta con un peracido, un perossido inorganico o organico o una loro miscela, preferibilmente una miscela di un acido carbossilico e perossido di idrogeno. La reazione può essere condotta nello stesso reattore in rapida successione con quella di tioacetilazione, o in altro reattore utilizzando i polimeri tioacetilati. A titolo illustrativo e non limitante della presente invenzione vengono riportati in Tabella 2 alcuni esempi di processo di ossidazione delle funzionalità tioestere a solfonico acido. The thioacetylated polymers are then converted into the corresponding sulphonated polymers by means of an oxidation reaction, object of the present invention, carried out with a peracid, an inorganic or organic peroxide or a mixture thereof, preferably a mixture of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction can be carried out in the same reactor in rapid succession with that of thioacetylation, or in another reactor using the thioacetylated polymers. For illustrative and not limiting purposes of the present invention, some examples of the oxidation process of the thioester to sulphonic acid functionalities are reported in Table 2.
II polimero tioacetilato, un suo aerosol, o soluzione o sospensione in un solvente organico, a titolo illustrativo e non limitante, ad esempio solvente alifatico (butano, pentano, esano, eptano, ottano, isoottano, cicloesano, metilcicloesano, etere di petrolio e loro simili), aromatico (toluene, benzene, xilene, anisolo e loro simili), alogenato (tetracloruro di carbonio, cloroformio, diclorometano, tetracloroetano e loro simili), ossigenato (tetraidrofurano, etere dietilico, acetone, 2-butanone, metanolo, etanolo, propanolo, isopropanolo, butanolo, acetato d'etile e loro sìmili) e loro simili o loro miscele, generalmente in toluene, preferibilmente in soluzione toluenica proveniente dal processo di addizione della funzionalità tioestere, viene trattato a temperatura compresa tra -100° e 300°C, più comunemente tra 20° e 80°C, preferibilmente a 50°C, con quantità comprese tra 10<-6>e 10<6>equivalenti di un peracido, RCOOOH, un perossido organico o inorganico, preferibilmente 25 equivalenti un acido carbossilico di formula generale RCOOH scelto più preferibilmente tra acido acetico (GAS: 64-19-7) o acido formico (CAS: 64-18-6) in presenza di perossido di idrogeno (CAS: 7722-84-1), dove a titolo di esempio e non di limitazione R à ̈ idrogeno, un gruppo alchile, alchenile, alchimie, arile, benzile, alogeno, idrossile, carbonile, carbonato, carbossilato, perossile, alcossi, animino, ammido, ciano, isonitrile, isoacianato, cianato, tiocianato, isotiocianato. The thioacetylated polymer, an aerosol thereof, or solution or suspension in an organic solvent, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, for example aliphatic solvent (butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and their similar), aromatic (toluene, benzene, xylene, anisole and their like), halogenated (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane and their like), oxygenated (tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-butanone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and their similar) and their like or mixtures thereof, generally in toluene, preferably in a toluene solution coming from the addition process of the thioester functionality, is treated at a temperature between -100 ° and 300 ° C, more commonly between 20 ° and 80 ° C, preferably at 50 ° C, with amounts comprised between 10 <-6> and 10 <6> equivalents of a peracid, RCOOOH, an organic or inorganic peroxide, preferably 25 equi valenti a carboxylic acid of general formula RCOOH chosen more preferably between acetic acid (GAS: 64-19-7) or formic acid (CAS: 64-18-6) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (CAS: 7722-84-1) , where by way of example and not of limitation R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, alkenyl, alchemies, aryl, benzyl, halogen, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carbonate, carboxylate, peroxyl, alkoxy, amino, amido, cyano, isonitrile, isoacyanate , cyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate.
I polimeri tioacetilati risultanti dal primo stadio di reazione, oggetto della presente invenzione, possono essere convertiti nei corrispondenti polialchiltiolati per reazioni con basi o nucleofìli. A titolo illustrativo e non limitante della presente invenzione vengono riportati in Tabella 3 alcuni esempi. The thioacetylated polymers resulting from the first reaction stage, object of the present invention, can be converted into the corresponding polyalkylthiolates by reactions with bases or nucleophiles. For illustrative and not limiting purposes of the present invention, some examples are reported in Table 3.
II polimero tioacetilato, un suo aerosol, o soluzione o sospensione in un solvente organico, a titolo illustrativo e non limitante, ad esempio solvente alifatico (butano, pentano, esano, eptano, ottano, isoottano, cicloesano, metilcicloesano, etere di petrolio e loro simili), aromatico (toluene, benzene, xilene, anisolo e loro simili), alogenato (tetracloruro di carbonio, cloroformio, diclorometano, tetracloroetano e loro simili), ossigenato (tetraidrofurano, etere dietilico, acetone, 2-butanone, metanolo, etanolo, propanolo, isopropanolo, butanolo, acetato d'etile e loro simili) e loro simili o loro miscele, generalmente in toluene, preferibilmente nella soluzione toluenica proveniente dalla reazione di tioacetilazione, viene trattato a temperatura compresa tra -100° e 300°C, più comunemente tra 20° e 80°C, preferibilmente a 50°C, con quantità comprese tra IO<'6>e IO<6>equivalenti, di una base di Lewis o di Bronsted o di un nucleoli lo, The thioacetylated polymer, an aerosol thereof, or solution or suspension in an organic solvent, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, for example aliphatic solvent (butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and their similar), aromatic (toluene, benzene, xylene, anisole and their like), halogenated (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane and their like), oxygenated (tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-butanone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and their like) and their like or their mixtures, generally in toluene, preferably in the toluene solution coming from the thioacetylation reaction, is treated at a temperature between -100 ° and 300 ° C, plus commonly between 20 ° and 80 ° C, preferably at 50 ° C, with amounts comprised between 10 <'6> and 10 <6> equivalents, of a Lewis or Bronsted base or of a nucleolus 10,
A titolo di esempio e non di limitazione della presente invenzione vengono riportati alcuni esempi di basi e nucleofìli impiegabili per la deprotezione della funzionalità tiolica: ossidi, idrossidi, alcossidi, carbonati, bicarbonati, ossalati, alchiluri, acetiluri, ammidi, azidi, carbossilati, idruri, dolati, tiocarbossilati, dithiocarbossilati, _ carbammati e ditiocarbammati di metalli alcalini, di metalli alcalino terrosi, di metalli di transizione di lantanidi e attinidi, di metalli dei gruppi 13, 14 e 15 della tavola periodica, nonché reattivi di Grignard e composti di organolitio, animine, fosfine, tioli e loro simili o miscele. By way of example and not of limitation of the present invention, some examples of bases and nucleophiles that can be used for the deprotection of the thiol functionality are given: oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, oxalates, alkylides, acetylides, amides, azides, carboxylates , hydrides, dolates, thiocarboxylates, dithiocarboxylates, _ carbamates and dithiocarbamates of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals of lanthanides and actinides, metals of groups 13, 14 and 15 of the periodic table, as well as Grignard and Grignard reactives compounds of organolithium, amines, phosphines, thiols and their like or mixtures.
Claims (6)
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Citations (2)
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US2419943A (en) * | 1943-09-22 | 1947-05-06 | Du Pont | Preparation of sulfur-containing polymers |
US4119616A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1978-10-10 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for sulfonating unsaturated elastomers using acyl sulfates |
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US2419943A (en) * | 1943-09-22 | 1947-05-06 | Du Pont | Preparation of sulfur-containing polymers |
US4119616A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1978-10-10 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for sulfonating unsaturated elastomers using acyl sulfates |
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