ITRG990003A1 - A FILM TO BE USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR COVERING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHODS - Google Patents
A FILM TO BE USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR COVERING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHODS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITRG990003A1 ITRG990003A1 IT1999RG000003A ITRG990003A ITRG990003A1 IT RG990003 A1 ITRG990003 A1 IT RG990003A1 IT 1999RG000003 A IT1999RG000003 A IT 1999RG000003A IT RG990003 A ITRG990003 A IT RG990003A IT RG990003 A1 ITRG990003 A1 IT RG990003A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- film
- pigments
- violet
- red
- polymeric material
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZYECOAILUNWEAL-NUDFZHEQSA-N (4z)-4-[[2-methoxy-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-n-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-oxonaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1N\N=C(C1=CC=CC=C1C=1)/C(=O)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZYECOAILUNWEAL-NUDFZHEQSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010415 tropism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
DESCRIZIONE: avente per titolo: un film da utilizzare in agricoltura per la copertura e il suo metodo di produzione; DESCRIPTION: entitled: a film to be used in agriculture for the cover and its production method;
RIASSUNTO: L’invenzione si riferisce ad un film in materiale plastico da usare, in fogli di spessore adeguato, per la copertura in agricoltura. Tale film è costituito da uno strato a base polimerica nel quale sono dispersi dei pigmenti. Il film è impiegato per schermare in maniera selettiva le radiazioni luminose in eccesso. ABSTRACT: The invention refers to a plastic film to be used, in sheets of adequate thickness, for covering in agriculture. This film consists of a polymer-based layer in which pigments are dispersed. The film is used to selectively shield excess light radiation.
1. Antefatto 1. Background
Per le applicazioni nelle copèrture in agricoltura, le materie plastiche si comportano simultaneamente da protezione contro gli agenti atmosferici, particolarmente durante i periodi freddi dell’anno, e da filtro alle radiazioni solari. For applications in agricultural roofing, plastics act simultaneously as a protection against atmospheric agents, particularly during the cold periods of the year, and as a filter against solar radiation.
E’ necessario sottolineare anche che i materiali plastici, mentre devono essere trasparenti alle radiazioni luminose solari durante il giorno, devono evitare la trasmissione delle radiazioni infrarosse trasmesse dalla terra durante la notte, dando luogo al così detto effetto serra. Inoltre, possono anche agire da filtro alle radiazioni ultraviolette. Una proprietà richiesta ai materiali usati per la copertura è la capacità di diffondere la luce. Infatti, secondo alcuni studi, la luce diffusa favorisce la crescita delle piante e previene i danni per la pianta causati da un eccessivo surriscaldamento dell’ambiente, evitando così brusche variazioni di temperatura nel microclima che si crea dentro la serra. It is also necessary to emphasize that plastic materials, while they must be transparent to solar light radiation during the day, must avoid the transmission of infrared radiation transmitted from the earth during the night, giving rise to the so-called greenhouse effect. In addition, they can also act as an ultraviolet radiation filter. A property required of the materials used for the roof is the ability to diffuse light. In fact, according to some studies, diffused light favors plant growth and prevents damage to the plant caused by excessive overheating of the environment, thus avoiding sudden temperature changes in the microclimate that is created inside the greenhouse.
Per realizzare o migliorare le proprietà di effetto serra, di filtro e di diffusione della luce, vengono aggiunti alle materie plastiche utilizzate per la copertura, particolari additivi. Tra gli additivi usati per la diffusione della luce dobbiamo menzionare, talco, caolino e fosfiti insieme a calcio e magnesio o fosfati di alluminio. To achieve or improve the greenhouse effect, filter and light diffusion properties, special additives are added to the plastic materials used for the roofing. Among the additives used for the diffusion of light we must mention, talc, kaolin and phosphites together with calcium and magnesium or aluminum phosphates.
Un esempio a conferma di quanto precedentemente riportato è rappresentato da un brevetto intemazionale An example confirming what was previously reported is represented by an international patent
pubblicato con il numero / (proprietario: published with number / (owner:
che descrive la miscela dei polimeri che consente di ottenere degli specifici risultati relativamente al blocco della trasmissione delle radiazioni dannose. which describes the mixture of polymers that allows to obtain specific results relative to blocking the transmission of harmful radiations.
Tuttavia l’uso di additivi, secondo quanto sopra indicato, ha delle controindicazioni che limitano i suoi effetti. Infatti, è stato provato che l’uso di sali minerali come additivi riduce la percentuale di radiazioni trasmesse attraverso il film, poiché le particelle di additivo che si disperdono nella matrice polimerica interferiscono con le radiazioni provocando un effetto riflettente. Inoltre l’effetto filtro è costante per tutta la durata del film determinando così un deficit di luminosità durante il periodo invernale, quando le giornate sono più corte e l’insolazione è ridotta. However, the use of additives, as indicated above, has contraindications that limit its effects. In fact, it has been proven that the use of mineral salts as additives reduces the percentage of radiation transmitted through the film, since the additive particles that are dispersed in the polymer matrix interfere with the radiation causing a reflective effect. Furthermore, the filter effect is constant for the entire duration of the film, thus causing a deficit of brightness during the winter period, when the days are shorter and the insolation is reduced.
2. Spiegazione dell’invenzione 2. Explanation of the invention
Lo scopo dell’invenzione è di prevenire questo problema; questo obiettivo è realizzato, secondo quest’invenzione, con un film ad assetto temporale variabile, che comprende almeno uno strato di materiale polimerico nel quale sono dispersi dei pigmenti. The purpose of the invention is to prevent this problem; this objective is achieved, according to this invention, with a film with a variable temporal structure, which includes at least one layer of polymeric material in which pigments are dispersed.
Infatti, è stato provato che, grazie alla presenza di questi pigmenti, le radiazioni solari che colpiscono la superficie del film vengono smorzate in maniera selettiva evitando cosi l’effetto “scottature” tipico della luce diretta, attenuando l’eccessivo surriscaldamento all’interno della serra, senza, però, provocare l’effetto riflettente delle radiazioni. In fact, it has been proven that, thanks to the presence of these pigments, the solar radiations that hit the surface of the film are selectively dampened thus avoiding the "burn" effect typical of direct light, mitigating excessive overheating inside the film. greenhouse, without, however, causing the reflective effect of radiation.
L’azione del film non si mantiene costante durante tutta la sua durata, in quanto, l’azione di filtro sulle radiazioni visibili e sulle radiazioni ultraviolette tende ad attenuarsi col tempo dato che viene gradualmente disattivata dalle stesse radiazioni ultraviolette. The action of the film is not kept constant throughout its duration, as the filter action on visible radiation and ultraviolet radiation tends to fade over time as it is gradually deactivated by the ultraviolet radiation itself.
La trasmittanza luminosa totale dà valori di circa 85-88% e col tempo di esposizione passa a valori prossimi al 95% con un’azione più accentuata nel campo di lunghezze d’onda tra i 380 ed i 760 nanometri; analoghi fenomeni avvengono nel campo delle radiazioni ultraviolette. Tale assetto variabile consente, con un adeguato periodo di posa in opera del film, di filtrare le radiazioni visibili, con un’accentuata azione sulle radiazioni meno necessarie alla fotosintesi clorofilliana ed alcune radiazioni ultraviolette dannose per il tropismo delle piante nel periodo di maggiore insolazione. La progressiva scomparsa di tale effetto permette durante i mesi a minore insolazione di massimizzare, invece, la trasmissione delle radiazioni luminose. The total light transmittance gives values of about 85-88% and with the exposure time it passes to values close to 95% with a more pronounced action in the wavelength range between 380 and 760 nanometers; similar phenomena occur in the field of ultraviolet radiation. This variable structure allows, with an adequate period of installation of the film, to filter visible radiations, with an accentuated action on the radiations less necessary for chlorophyll photosynthesis and some ultraviolet radiations harmful to the tropism of the plants in the period of greatest insolation. The gradual disappearance of this effect allows the transmission of light radiation to be maximized during the months with less sunlight.
3. Processo per la realizzazione dell’invenzione 3. Process for the realization of the invention
L’impianto è quello che si usa normalmente per la produzione continua di film plastici o fogli. I polimeri che possono essere utilizzati per questa invenzione sono: polietilene, copolimero ÈVA, cloruro di polivinile, polipropilene, ETFE, e copolimeri florurati e clorurati. Naturalmente possono essere usate miscele dei materiali citati o possono adoperarsi film coestrusi di più polimeri. The plant is the one that is normally used for the continuous production of plastic films or sheets. The polymers that can be used for this invention are: polyethylene, ÈVA copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ETFE, and fluorinated and chlorinated copolymers. Of course, mixtures of the cited materials can be used or coextruded films of several polymers can be used.
Al materiale polimerico di base vengono aggiunti i necessari additivi, che sono pigmenti nella gamma del rosso e del violetto, le cui strutture chimiche fanno parte di monoazo, xantheni, inorganic colouring matters, volume 6 7 8 e 9 structures, additions and amendments, disazo, anthraquinone, indigoid per il rosso; monoazo, xanthene, inorganic colouring matters, volume 6 7 e 9 structures, anthraquinone, indigoid, triary lmethane , acridine, oxazine per il violetto.I pigmenti sono: pigment red da 1 a 50, da 52 a 58, da 60 a 62, da 64 a 69, da 71 a 81, da 83 a 89, da 91 a 109, da 112 a 204, da 206 a 270 ed inoltre 48:1, 48:2, 48:3. 48:4, 49:1, 49:2, 50:1, 52:1, 52:2, 53:1, 53:2, 53:3, 57:1, 57:2, 58:4, 60:1, 61.1, 63:1, 63:2, 64:1, 81:1, 81:2, 81:3, 81:4, 90:1, 108:1, 170:1, 247:1, pigment violet da 1 a 3, da 10 a 23, da 25 a 50 e inoltre 2:2, 3:3, 5:1, 14:1. The necessary additives are added to the basic polymeric material, which are pigments in the range of red and violet, whose chemical structures are part of monoazo, xantheni, inorganic coloring matters, volume 6 7 8 and 9 structures, additions and amendments, disazo , anthraquinone, indigoid for red; monoazo, xanthene, inorganic coloring matters, volume 6 7 and 9 structures, anthraquinone, indigoid, triary lmethane, acridine, oxazine for violet.The pigments are: pigment red from 1 to 50, from 52 to 58, from 60 to 62, 64 to 69, 71 to 81, 83 to 89, 91 to 109, 112 to 204, 206 to 270 and also 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3. 48: 4, 49: 1, 49: 2, 50: 1, 52: 1, 52: 2, 53: 1, 53: 2, 53: 3, 57: 1, 57: 2, 58: 4, 60: 1, 61.1, 63: 1, 63: 2, 64: 1, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3, 81: 4, 90: 1, 108: 1, 170: 1, 247: 1, pigment violet 1 to 3, 10 to 23, 25 to 50 and also 2: 2, 3: 3, 5: 1, 14: 1.
La concentrazione di questi additivi nella miscela sotto forma di polveri o di compound va’ dallo 0.05 al 2% e preferibilmente in un intervallo compreso tra lo 0,2 e lo 0,5 %. The concentration of these additives in the mixture in the form of powders or compounds ranges from 0.05 to 2% and preferably in a range between 0.2 and 0.5%.
L’estrusione e la filmatura del polimero additivato con i pigmenti produce il film oggetto dell’invenzione. I pigmenti possono essere inclusi nella massa se il film è monostrato, od un singolo strato se il film è coestruso e quindi a più strati. In questo ultimo caso uno qualsiasi degli strati può essere pigmentato, anche se è da preferirsi lo strato centrale. Durante la lavorazione vanno evitate temperature elevate di estrusione, compatibilmente col polimero lavorato, perché potrebbero provocare una precoce degradazione del pigmento riducendone la durata e quindi l’efficacia. The extrusion and filming of the polymer with the addition of pigments produces the film object of the invention. The pigments can be included in the mass if the film is single-layer, or a single layer if the film is coextruded and therefore multi-layer. In the latter case, any of the layers can be pigmented, although the central layer is preferred. During processing, high extrusion temperatures should be avoided, compatibly with the processed polymer, because they could cause premature degradation of the pigment, reducing its duration and therefore its effectiveness.
Nella matrice polimerica possono essere dispersi antiossidanti per prevenire la degradazione termomeccanica del polimero, stabilizzanti UV per aumentare la vita d’uso del film esposto, surfactans per prevenire la formazione di . gocce sul film e altri additivi normalmente usati nella produzione di film per la copertura di serre. Antioxidants can be dispersed in the polymer matrix to prevent the thermomechanical degradation of the polymer, UV stabilizers to increase the life of use of the exposed film, surfactans to prevent the formation of. drops on the film and other additives normally used in the production of films for covering greenhouses.
Da sottolineare che il film ha un particolare effetto migliorativo nelle regioni calde ( regioni del sud-Europa, tropicali e sub-tropicali ). Nelle serre coperte con tale film si è osservato che, le temperature del giorno si sono mantenute sufficientemente basse, evitando l’eccessivo surriscaldamento dannoso alla pianta, come detto precedentemente, l’azione di filtro si riduce nel tempo consentendo, prima, di filtrare le radiazioni e poi di aumentare la trasmissione ottica nei mesi a minore insolazione. In caso di impiego di polimeri ad effetto termico, si associa a questa funzione di filtro sulle radiazioni 'visibili anche una efficace barriera alle radiazioni infrarosse, con conseguente associata efficacia termica del film. It should be emphasized that the film has a particular improvement effect in warm regions (southern European, tropical and sub-tropical regions). In greenhouses covered with this film, it was observed that the temperatures of the day were kept sufficiently low, avoiding excessive overheating that was harmful to the plant, as previously mentioned, the filter action is reduced over time, first allowing filtering of the radiation and then to increase the optical transmission in the months with less sunshine. In case of use of polymers with a thermal effect, this function of filter on visible radiations is also associated with an effective barrier to infrared radiations, with consequent associated thermal efficiency of the film.
L’azione filtrante dei pigmenti rossi e violetti e’, oltretutto, selettiva agendo in maniera maggiore sulle radiazioni più’ dannose per le piante e favorendo, invece, la trasmissione delle radiazioni benefiche con notevoli vantaggi sul tropismo, riscontrati e nella quantità di frutti prodotti e nel loro colorito. The filtering action of the red and violet pigments is, moreover, selective, acting in a greater way on the most harmful radiations for plants and favoring, instead, the transmission of beneficial radiations with considerable advantages on the tropism, found and in the quantity of fruits produced. and in their color.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT1999RG000003A IT1313444B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | FILM TO BE USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR COVERING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHODS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1999RG000003A IT1313444B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | FILM TO BE USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR COVERING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHODS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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ITRG990003A0 ITRG990003A0 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
ITRG990003A1 true ITRG990003A1 (en) | 2000-10-15 |
IT1313444B1 IT1313444B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
Family
ID=11399659
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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IT1999RG000003A IT1313444B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | FILM TO BE USED IN AGRICULTURE FOR COVERING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHODS |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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IT (1) | IT1313444B1 (en) |
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1999
- 1999-04-15 IT IT1999RG000003A patent/IT1313444B1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IT1313444B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
ITRG990003A0 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
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