ITRE20110014A1 - COMPONENT AND MACHINE FOR HANDLING AND BOTTLE TREATMENT - Google Patents

Description

â € œCOMPONENT AND MACHINE FOR HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF

BOTTLESâ €

The present invention relates to a component of a machine for handling and treating bottles, typically of plastic bottles in a bottling line.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a component capable of being installed, together with a plurality of other similar components, on a machine which subjects the bottles to a washing step prior to filling.

As is known, a machine of this type generally comprises a plurality of operating components suitable for gripping one bottle at a time, and handling means, typically a rotating carousel, suitable for moving the aforementioned components in a closed path along which the bottles are subjected to the prescribed washing phase in succession.

More in detail, each of these operating components usually includes a gripper member suitable for gripping the neck of the bottle, which is articulated to a respective support body, on which it can rotate between a bottle pick-up / release position, in which the bottle is arranged vertically with the mouth pointing upwards, and a washing position, in which the bottle is turned upside down with the mouth pointing downwards.

The rotation of the gripper member between the pick-up / release position and the washing position is commonly obtained by means of a cam profile, mounted so as to remain stationary with respect to the carousel, which cooperates with a suitable cam follower member associated with each operating component, in such a way that, in a section of the circular path defined by the carousel, the displacement of each operating component causes a simultaneous rotation of the respective gripper member between the aforementioned positions.

When the gripper organ is in the washing position, the mouth of the inverted bottle is aligned with a nozzle, which is directly associated with the supporting body of the relative operating component.

This nozzle is normally connected to a hydraulic apparatus for feeding a washing fluid, typically water, but it can also be connected to a pneumatic apparatus for blowing air.

In both cases, the nozzle is associated with valve means which are adapted to selectively open or close the connection between the nozzle and the hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus, depending on the position of the relative operating component along the path closed defined by the carousel.

In particular, these valve means are configured to open the connection only when the gripper member of the operating component is in the washing position, ie when the bottle to be treated is turned upside down.

Currently there are various constructive solutions for the aforementioned valve means.

One of these solutions provides that the hydraulic or pneumatic system is constantly in communication with a fixed distributor, commonly called `` phased distributor '', which is equipped with an outlet that is placed in an eccentric position with respect to the ™ they of rotation of the carousel and is closed by a lid able to rotate integrally with the carousel itself.

This cover is provided with a plurality of connection ducts, which are individually communicating with a respective operating component and are able to face the outlet of the distributor only within a predetermined angle of rotation of the carousel.

In this way, when a connection duct faces said outlet mouth, the nozzle of the respective operating component is in communication with the hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus, while when the connection duct is completely offset with respect to the outlet, the communication between the hydraulic or pneumatic system and the nozzle in question is interrupted.

A drawback of this solution consists in the fact that it does not allow any adjustment of the rotation angle of the carousel within which each connection duct faces the outlet of the vending machine, so that the effective connection time between each nozzle and the hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus depends exclusively on the rotation speed of the carousel.

However, since the speed of the carousel is generally constant, established on the basis of questions of productivity and / or stability in the transport of the bottles, it follows that this solution does not actually allow any adjustment of the connection time between the nozzles and the ™ hydraulic or pneumatic system.

To solve this drawback, solutions are known in which each nozzle is constantly connected to the hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus by means of a respective connection duct, each of which is intercepted by a respective valve mounted integral with the carousel.

This valve is designed to keep the connection duct normally closed and is equipped with a button that is able to be pressed by a suitable cam profile, mounted so as to remain stationary during the rotation of the carousel, to selectively open the connection duct.

In this way, by varying the position and / or the dimensions of the cam profile, it is possible to adjust the angle of rotation of the carousel within which each nozzle is effectively in communication with the hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus.

However, even this solution is not without drawbacks.

In particular, the aforementioned shut-off valves are generally positioned in the center and in the lower part of the carousel, so that it is rather complicated and inconvenient to install and adjust the cam profile used to control their opening.

Furthermore, these valves complicate the construction of the carousel, increasing the number of components to be assembled, to be connected hydraulically to each other and, subsequently, also to be maintained and possibly replaced in case of malfunction.

An object of the present invention is therefore that of overcoming or at least significantly reducing the aforementioned drawbacks, within the ambit of a simple, rational and low-cost solution.

This object is achieved by the characteristics of the invention reported in independent claim 1. The dependent claims outline preferred and / or particularly advantageous aspects of the invention.

In particular, the invention makes available a component for a bottle handling and treatment machine, which comprises an internally hollow support body provided with an efferent nozzle on the outside and at least one access duct suitable for being connected with a hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus, and a pincer member suitable for gripping a bottle, which is directly articulated to the support body, so as to be able to rotate from and towards a working position in which the neck of the bottle is It is aligned and facing the nozzle.

This component also comprises at least one shutter body, which is coupled to the support body in such a way as to be able to slide between two operating positions, of which a position for closing the communication between the access duct and the nozzle and a position of opening of this communication, elastic action thrust means for pushing the shutter body in a first of said operating positions, and control means for moving the shutter body in the second of said operative positions in contrast with said thrust means with elastic action.

In particular, it is preferable that the thrust means with elastic action are adapted to push the shutter body into the communication opening position, and that the control means are therefore able to move the shutter body into the communication closing position, but the opposite is not excluded.

Thanks to this solution, a single component is advantageously obtained which incorporates the functions that are normally delegated to two or more separate components, including that of grasping and overturning the bottle to be treated and that of adjusting the opening and closing the nozzle.

This component is therefore able to be assembled and eventually replaced as a whole, simplifying the construction and maintenance of any bottle treatment machine on which it is used.

Furthermore, the possible replacement of this component allows, with a single operation, to replace both the pincer element and the valve unit for opening and closing the nozzle, always guaranteeing the restoration of complete functionality.

Since the valve group is associated with the component, this solution finally guarantees greater flexibility in the management of the nozzle opening and closing times.

According to an aspect of the invention, the control means comprise a button integral with the shutter body which protrudes outside the support body.

Thanks to this solution, the shutter body can be advantageously moved to the second operating position simply by pressing the aforementioned button, for example by means of a common cam profile or similar system.

According to another aspect of the invention, the component also comprises locking means for locking the shutter body in said second operating position.

This solution allows the shutter body to be kept in the second operating position even if the control means are released, for example if the aforementioned cam profile is no longer in contact with the button.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that said locking means comprise a bolt coupled to the support body so as to be able to slide in a direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the shutter body, a seat obtained in the shutter body, which It is adapted to receive said bolt when the shutter body is in the second operating position, so as to prevent the sliding of the shutter body, thrust means with elastic action to push the said bolt inside said seat, and means of release to move the bolt out of the seat in contrast with said thrust means with elastic action.

This solution has the advantage of being rather simple, reliable and compact, thus helping to keep the dimensions of the entire component contained.

Preferably, the release means comprise a button protruding outside the support body, which is carried at the end of a stem having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bolt, which stem derives from the bolt to slide into a € ™ slot obtained in the shutter body.

Thanks to this solution, the bolt can be advantageously released from its seat by simply pressing the protruding button of the support body, for example by means of a common cam profile or similar system.

Furthermore, the bolt stem is effectively able to act as a limit switch for the sliding of the shutter body between the aforementioned first and second operating positions.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the component can comprise two access channels and two shutter bodies, each of which is able to open and close the communication between a respective access duct and the nozzle.

In this way, the device in question is advantageously able to be connected to two separate hydraulic or pneumatic devices, so as to be able to subject the bottle to several processing phases, for example to a washing phase by dispensing water and a subsequent drying phase by blowing air.

According to another aspect of the invention, the component can comprise a tube placed to surround the nozzle so as to define with the latter a cavity, and an efferent connection duct in said cavity and adapted to be connected with a pneumatic apparatus.

Thanks to this solution, when the gripper organ is in the working position, the edge of the bottle neck is received in the aforementioned gap between the nozzle and the tube, which can be placed in communication with an apparatus pneumatic to generate, for example, a suction effect.

The invention also makes available a machine for the manipulation and treatment of bottles, which comprises a plurality of components of the type outlined above, and handling means adapted to move said components in succession along a closed path.

Preferably, said movement means comprise a carousel adapted to rotate around a central rotation axis, on which the components are arranged circumferentially around said central rotation axis.

This solution has the advantage of providing a machine that is generally rather compact and relatively easy to make.

According to one aspect of the invention, the sliding direction of the shutter body of each component of the machine is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the carousel, with the control means facing radially outwards.

In this way, the control means are easily accessible and therefore convenient to operate.

In this regard, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the machine comprises cam means, installed so as to remain stationary with respect to the movement means, which are able to cooperate with the control means and the release means. of each of the aforementioned components.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become evident by reading the following description provided by way of non-limiting example, with the aid of the figures illustrated in the attached tables.

Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a machine according to the invention.

Figure 2 is the section II-II of figure 1.

Figure 3 is detail III of figure 2 on an enlarged scale.

Figure 4 is the section IV-IV of figure 1 shown in the scale of figure 3.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of an operating component of the machine of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the component of figure 5 shown when the clamp member is in the lowered position.

Figure 7 is Figure 5 shown when the gripper organ is in the raised position.

Figure 8 is a bottom view of Figure 5 showing the clamp member in closed configuration.

Figure 9 is Figure 8 which shows the pincer organ in open configuration.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of an operating component according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of an operating component according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of the component of figure 11. Figure 13 is section XIII-XIII of figure 12.

Figure 1 illustrates a machine 10 for handling and treating plastic bottles, which is intended to be inserted in a bottling line.

The machine 10 comprises a carousel 11 and a motor 12 able to rotate the carousel 11 on itself, around a central rotation axis Z oriented in a vertical direction.

A plurality of operating components are mounted along the perimeter of the carousel 11, indicated individually with 13, which are arranged circumferentially around the axis of rotation Z angularly equidistant to each other.

For the sake of clarity, only some of these operating components 13 are shown in figure 1.

Each operating component 13 comprises a cylindrical-shaped support body 14, which is mounted on the carousel 11 in such a way that its central axis X intersects orthogonally the axis of rotation Z.

The support body 14 is internally hollow and is provided with an access duct 15 and a nozzle 16 (see fig. 5), both of which are fixed on the side wall of the support body 14 which faces the top.

The access duct 15 is shaped like a â € œLâ € and is coupled with a radially developed connection tube 17, which keeps it constantly in communication with a collector compartment 18 obtained in the center of the carousel 11.

This collector compartment 18 is in turn constantly in communication with a hydraulic machine 19 for pumping washing water.

Alternatively, the collector compartment 18 could be connected to a simple water distribution network or other hydraulic apparatus, without any pumping machine.

The nozzle 16 is shaped like a narrow rectilinear duct that flows freely outside the support body 14, developing according to a central axis Y orthogonal to the central axis X of the support body 14, i.e. in a vertical and with the mouth facing upwards.

As illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, the support body 14 has a coaxial cavity 20 of a substantially cylindrical shape, which opens onto the end surface 21 of the support body 14 which faces radially towards the outside of the carousel 11, while it is closed on the opposite side.

The access duct 15 opens into the cavity 20 at the closed bottom, while the nozzle 16 flows into an intermediate portion 22 having an increased diameter.

A generally cylindrical obturator body 23 is coaxially inserted in the cavity 20, which includes a rounded end 24 which protrudes from the surface 21 of the support body 14, and an opposite end which always remains inside the cavity 20.

The shutter body 23 slides in the cavity 20 in a direction parallel to the central axis X of the support body 14, between a first operating position of minimum insertion shown in figure 7, and a second operating position of maximum insertion shown in figure 6 .

Two annular gaskets are coaxially coupled to the shutter body 23, of which a first annular gasket 25 located near the internal end and a second annular gasket 26 located in an intermediate section.

The second annular gasket 26 is able to remain always localized in a portion of the cavity 20 which is included between the intermediate portion 22 and the surface 21 of the support body 14, so as to hermetically close the cavity 20 both when the body shutter 23 is in the first operative position and when it is in the second operative position.

On the other hand, when the shutter body 23 is in the second operative position shown in figure 6, the first gasket 25 is able to stay in the portion of the cavity 20 which is comprised between the intermediate portion 22 and the outlet of the access duct 15, in order to hermetically close the communication between the latter and the nozzle 16.

On the other hand, when the shutter body 23 is in the first operating position shown in figure 7, the first gasket 25 is able to stay in the intermediate portion 22, so as to leave open a direct passage between the nozzle 16 and the access duct. 15.

A compression spring 27 is interposed between the internal end of the shutter body 23 and the bottom of the cavity 20, so as to constantly push the shutter body 23 towards the first operating position.

The shutter body 23 can therefore be moved to the second operating position by exerting on the rounded end 24 a pressure opposite and higher than the elastic action exerted by the spring 27.

On the lateral surface of the shutter body 23 there is a recess 28, in this case having a substantially cylindrical shape.

When the shutter body 23 is in the second operative position shown in figure 6, the recess 28 is perfectly coaxial and faces a hole 29 of the support body 14, whose central axis Q is orthogonal to the sliding direction of the body obturator 23 and is parallel to the Z axis of rotation of the carousel 11.

Inside the hole 29 there is a latch 30 which is able to slide in the direction of the central axis Q, and which has a shape conjugated to that of the recess 28, in this case also a cylindrical shape.

Fixed to the bolt 30 is a coaxial stem 31 with a smaller diameter, at the free end of which a rounded head 32 with an increased diameter is coaxially formed which protrudes outside the support body 14.

The stem 31 passes through a through slot 33 made in the shutter body 23, which has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the stem 31 and extends longitudinally in the sliding direction of the shutter body 23, so as to allow the latter to slide between the first and second operating positions and at the same time act as a limit switch both in one direction and the other.

The portion of the stem 31 which protrudes from the slot 33 slips into a hole in the support body 14, which ends in a widening 34 suitable for sliding the rounded head 32.

A compression spring 35 is interposed between the bottom of the widening 34 and the convex head 32, which is able to act in the direction of constantly pushing the convex head 32 towards the outside of the widening 34, or the bolt 30 in the direction of insertion into the groove 28 of the shutter body 23.

In this way, when the shutter body 23 reaches the second operating position of figure 6, the bolt 30 is able to automatically snap into the recess 28 pushed by the spring 35, preventing any further sliding by interference with the shutter body 23.

The shutter body 23 can be released by exerting on the convex head 32 a pressure opposite and higher than that exerted by the spring 35, after which the shutter body 23 will be automatically pushed into the first operating position of figure 7 thanks to the action of the spring 27.

Each operating component 13 further comprises a gripper member, globally indicated with 36, which is adapted to grip the neck of a bottle.

As illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, this gripper member 36 comprises a support plate 37 which carries two shaped jaws, of which a fixed jaw 38 and a movable jaw 39.

In particular, the movable jaw 39 is adapted to rotate with respect to the fixed jaw 38 between a closed position, illustrated in figure 8, in which the jaws are globally able to tighten the neck of the bottle, and an open position, illustrated in figure 9, in which they are able to receive or release the neck of the bottle.

The end of a traction spring 40 is coupled to the movable jaw 39, the opposite end of which is hooked to a pin fixed to the support plate 37, so as to constantly push the movable jaw 39 towards the closed position.

Also joined to the movable jaw 39 is a convex body 41, which is able to be pushed in the opposite direction to the action of the spring 40, in order to move the movable jaw 39 between the closed and open configuration.

As illustrated in figure 5, the support plate 37 is carried between two lateral brackets 42 which embrace and articulate to the support body 14, in such a way that the gripper member 36 is globally able to rotate around an axis rotation P which is orthogonal both to the central axis X of the support body 14 and to the central axis Y of the nozzle 16.

In particular, the gripper member 36 is able to rotate between a lowered position, in which it is positioned under the support body 14, as shown in figures 5 and 6, and a raised position in which it is positioned at the above the support body 14, as shown in figure 7.

In both these positions, the gripper organ 36 is adapted to clamp the neck of the bottle in such a way that the axis of the bottle is substantially parallel to the central axis Y of the nozzle 16. However, in the position lowered in figure 6, the mouth of the bottle is facing upwards, while in the raised position in figure 7, the mouth of the bottle is facing downwards and is perfectly aligned with the nozzle 16.

The displacement of the gripper member 36 between the lowered position and the raised position is obtained by means of a grooved body 43 which is integral with the support plate 37.

As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, during a complete rotation of the carousel 11, this grooved body 43 is constantly constrained to slide on a guide rail 44, which is closed in a ring around the carousel 11 and is able to remain firm with respect to the latter.

The guide rail 44 is suitably shaped so that the circular trajectory of each component 13 on the carousel 11 includes, in succession in the direction of rotation, an arc T1 in which the gripper member 36 remains in the lowered position, a first arc transient T2 in which the gripper member 36 rotates from the lowered to the raised position, a large arc T3 one of which the gripper member 36 remains in the raised position, and a second transient arc T4 in which the caliper 36 rotates from the raised to the lowered position before traveling along the portion T1 again.

In section T1, the shutter body 23 is in the second operating position of figure 6, in which it closes the communication between the access duct 15 and the nozzle 16.

Along the portion T1, the convex body 41 of each component 13 contacts a first fixed cam 45, which is able to move and keep the movable jaw 39 in the open position so that the gripper member 36 can receive a bottle from to deal.

At the end of the first fixed cam 45, the movable jaw 39 moves to the closed position by effect of the tension spring 40, in such a way as to tighten the neck of the bottle and hold it firmly, before starting the section T2 in which the organ to gripper 36 is rotated into the raised position.

At the beginning of the section T3, the rounded head 32 of each component 13 contacts a second fixed cam 46 which releases the bolt 30 (see fig. 4), allowing the shutter body 23 to move to the first operating position, in which ̈ opens the connection between the access duct 15 and the nozzle 16.

In this way, the water fed by the hydraulic machine 19 is sprayed inside the inverted bottle.

Still along the section T3, the rounded end 24 of the shutter body 23 subsequently contacts a third fixed cam 47 (see fig. 3) which pushes the shutter body 23 back into the second operating position, where it remains automatically locked by the bolt 30, in order to interrupt the water supply.

Subsequently, each component 13 runs along the section T4 in which the pincer member 36 returns to the lowered position, bringing the bottle back to its initial orientation.

Finally, at the beginning of the section T1, the convex body 41 of each component 13 contacts again the first fixed cam 45, which is able to move the movable jaw 39 into the open position so that the gripper member 36 can release the washed bottle before repeating the cycle.

It should be noted that the position of each fixed cam 46-47 can be adjusted as desired, in order to modify the duration of the various phases of the cycle.

Figure 10 illustrates an operating component 13B for the machine 10 made according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

This operating component 13B differs from the previous one in that the support body 14 comprises a protruding sleeve 48 which coaxially surrounds the nozzle 16, so as to define with the latter an annular gap suitable for receiving the edge of the neck of the bottle, when the gripper organ 36 is in the raised position.

From the protruding sleeve 48 a connecting duct 49 is tangentially derived, which directly enters the inside of the cavity.

This connection duct 49 is preferably connected to a pneumatic machine designed to create an effect of aspiration of the air from the inside of the bottle, through the interspace defined between the nozzle 16 and the sleeve 48.

In this embodiment, the hydraulic machine 19 is preferably replaced by a first pneumatic machine for pumping air, which is connected to the access duct 15, so that the nozzle 16 is suitable for blowing to the inside the bottle a jet of air instead of water.

Figure 11 illustrates an operating component 13C for the machine 10, which is made according to a third embodiment of the invention.

This component 13C differs from the previous ones in that it comprises two access ducts 15, and a single nozzle 16 which is connected to both said access ducts 15 by means of a respective cavity 20 suitable for slidingly accommodating a respective shutter body 23.

An access duct 15 is suitable for being connected to the hydraulic machine 19 for pumping the washing water, while the other duct is suitable for being connected to another hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus, for the dispensing an additional washing fluid or blowing a jet of air.

In this way, each operating component 13C can advantageously subject each bottle to two processing steps during rotation on the carousel 11.

More in detail, component 13C comprises a parallelepiped-shaped support body 14, which is fixed to the end of a cylindrical arm 50 whose central axis W is parallel to the central axes of the cavities 20.

The cylindrical arm 50 is mounted on the carousel 11 with the central axis W which intersects orthogonally the rotation axis Z of the carousel 11.

The gripper member 36 is constructively similar to that described for the first component 13, and is articulated to the support body 14 with rotation axis P perpendicular to the central axis W and to the central axis Y of the ™ nozzle 16.

As illustrated in Figure 13, the cavities 20 both open on the surface 21 of the support body 14 which faces radially towards the outside of the carousel 11, that is, on the opposite side with respect to the cylindrical arm 50, while they are closed on the bottom.

Each cavity 20 is in communication with the respective access duct near the closed bottom, and is provided with an intermediate portion 22 with an increased diameter, which is in communication with the nozzle 16.

Each cavity 20 accommodates a shutter body 23 completely similar to that described for the first component 13, to which a respective thrust spring 27 and a respective locking bolt 30 are associated (see fig. 12), which respect exactly the same constructive form already described above.

In this way, each shutter body 23 is able to function and be operated, independently of the other, in exactly the same way that has been described in detail for the first operating component 13.

However, it should be noted that the convex heads 32 of the latches 30 associated with each shutter body 23 are offset in the direction of the central axis W, so that the activation cams 46 of a convex head 32 do not interfere with the other. rounded head 32 during machine operation 10.

Obviously, a person skilled in the art can make numerous modifications of a technical application nature to the machine 10 and to the components 13, 13B and 13C, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention as claimed below.

NUMERICAL REFERENCES

10 machine

11 carousel

12 engine

13 operational component

13B operating component

13C operating component

14 support body

15 access duct

16 nozzle

17 connecting pipe

18 collector compartment

19 hydraulic machine

20 cavities

21 end surface of the support body 22 intermediate portion of the cavity

23 shutter body

24 rounded end of the shutter body 25 first gasket

26 second seal

27 spring

28 groove

29 hole

30 latch

31 stem

32 rounded head

33 buttonhole

34 widening

35 spring

36 pincer organ

37 support plate

38 fixed jaw

39 movable jaw

40 spring

41 rounded body

42 side brackets

43 grooved body

44 guide rail

45 first cam

46 second cam

47 third cam

48 protruding steerer

49 connection duct

50 cylindrical arm

Z axis of rotation carousel

X central axis of the support body Y central axis of the nozzle

Q central axis hole

P axis rotation of the pincer organ

W central axis of the cylindrical arm

Claims (11)

CLAIMS 1. A component (13, 13B, 13C) for a bottle handling and treatment machine (10), comprising an internally hollow support body (14) provided with an externally efferent nozzle (16) and at least one access duct (15) adapted to be connected with a hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus (19), and a pincer member (36) adapted to grasp a bottle, which is directly articulated to the support body (14), so to be able to rotate to and from a working position in which the neck of the bottle is aligned and facing the nozzle (16), characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one shutter body (23), which is coupled to the support body (14) so as to be able to slide between two operating positions, of which a closed position of the communication between the access duct (15) and the nozzle (16) and an open position of this communication, thrust means (27) with elastic action to push the shutter body (23) i n a first of said operating positions, and control means (24) for moving the shutter body (23) into the second of said operating positions in contrast with said elastic action thrust means (27). 2. A component (13, 13B, 13C) according to claim 1, characterized in that said control means comprise a button (24) integral with the shutter body (23) which protrudes outside the support body (14) . 3. A component (13, 13B, 13C) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises locking means (30) for locking the shutter body (23) in said second operating position. 4. A component (13, 13B, 13C) according to claim 3, characterized in that said locking means comprise a bolt (30) coupled to the support body (14) so as to be able to slide in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the shutter body (23), a seat (28) obtained in the shutter body (23), which is able to accommodate said bolt (30) when the shutter body (23) is in the second operating position, so to prevent sliding of the shutter body (23), thrust means (35) with elastic action to push the bolt (30) inside said seat (28), and release means (32) to move the bolt ( 30) out of the seat (28) in contrast with said thrust means with elastic action (35). 5. A component (13, 13B, 13C) according to claim 4, characterized in that said release means comprise a button (32) projecting outside the support body (14), which is brought to the End of a stem (31) having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bolt (30), which stem (31) derives from the bolt (30) to slip into a slot (33) obtained in the shutter body (23). 6. A component (13C) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two of said access ducts (15) and two of said shutter bodies (23), each of which is able to open and close the communication between a respective access duct (15) and the nozzle (16). 7. A component (13B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve (48) placed to surround the nozzle (16) so as to define with the latter a cavity, and a duct connection (49) efferent in said interspace and adapted to be connected with a pneumatic apparatus. 8. A machine (10) for handling and treating bottles, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of components (13, 13B, 13C) according to any one of the preceding claims, and handling means (11) suitable for moving said components (13, 13B, 13C) in succession along a closed path. A machine (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that said movement means comprise a carousel (11) adapted to rotate around a central rotation axis (Z), on which the components (13, 13B, 13C ) are arranged circumferentially around said central rotation axis (Z). 10. A machine (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the sliding direction of the shutter body (23) of each component (13, 13B, 13C) is orthogonal to the rotation axis (Z) of the carousel ( 11), with the control means (24) facing radially outwards. 11. A machine (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises cam means (45, 46, 47), mounted in such a way as to remain stationary with respect to the movement means (11), which are able to cooperate with the control means (24) and the release means (32) of each component (13, 13B, 13C).