ITPG20140014U1 - NEW BLADES FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINE IN ACTION - Google Patents

Description

UTILITY MODEL

TITLE

New blades for hydraulic action turbine.

DESCRIPTION

The action hydraulic turbines mainly consist of two parts: the distributor (fixed part) and the impeller (moving part) and have the following characteristics:

1. transform all the energy of the water into kinetic energy at the dispenser exit;

2. the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the impeller is constant.

The distributor receives the water that has pressure energy and to a lesser extent kinetic energy and transforms it all into kinetic energy.

The distributor can direct the water jet, with respect to the rotation axis of the machine, in a radial, axial or intermediate direction.

The impeller consists of a series of vanes, fixed on a wheel integral with the motor shaft. It can receive the water jet radially, axially or intermediate direction and transforms the energy released by the water into mechanical energy to the drive shaft; after the water has transferred its energy to the vanes, it leaves the impeller.

The jet of water at the outlet of the distributor is free in the atmosphere and subsequently meets the inlet of the impeller; the distance between the outlet from the distributor and the inlet of the impeller has a variable length. A plane that cuts the free jet divides the space into two parts: in one half space there are the vanes of the distributor, in the other there are the vanes of the impeller: there is no interference between said vanes.

The turbine object of this industrial model is a turbine with a vertical axis action.

The distributor (indicated in the drawings with n ° 1) consists of vanes arranged in a ring and confined by two circular bands: each nozzle, therefore, is defined by the space identified by the two neighboring vanes and the portions of the side bands included. The distributor is fixed.

The impeller (indicated in the drawings with No. 2) is also composed of newly designed vanes, placed in a ring and confined by two circular bands. Upon exiting the impeller, the water has a negligible speed. The impeller is integral with the motor shaft.

The water flow (indicated in the drawings with the n <a> 3) has an axial direction: at the inlet of the distributor the flow is vertical downwards. The distributor transforms the energy possessed by the water into kinetic energy and directs the flow appropriately. At the outlet of the distributor nozzles, the jets merge to form a continuum that looks like a disk of water in the free space

Observing the single jet, it can be seen that the flow lines of the water leaving the nozzle have a velocity tangent to the crown of the distributor which determines a component of centrifugal motion.

After the free section, the jets meet the newly designed blades of the impeller which have:

a horizontal leading edge capable of intercepting almost all the water,

an external upward leading edge which has the purpose of intercepting the centrifugal flow and recovering its energy.

an internal upward leading edge, possibly present, with the purpose of intercepting centripetal flows and recovering its energy.

the internal and external leading edges cancel the volumetric losses therefore increase the turbine efficiency.

The quantity of water that has the velocity with a centrifugal component is much greater than the quantity of water that has a velocity with a centripetal component;

A horizontal plane that cuts the free jet divides the space into two half-spaces: one is the distributor while the impeller blades are located in both half-spaces.

The distributor, in fact, is embedded in the vertical section of the impeller: each blade of the impeller is shaped in such a way as to have a profile that allows it to embrace that of the distributor.

Table drawings 1.

The plan represents the distributor (n ° 1 - blue) semi-recessed in the impeller (n ° 2 - red).

Section XX represents the relative position of the distributor with respect to the impeller. It also highlights the flow of water entering the distributor and exiting the impeller (n ° 3 - green); finally, the trace (S-S - green) of the horizontal plane is shown that cuts the free jet into the atmosphere, after exiting the distributor and before entering the impeller.

Comments on section XX.

1) The external vertical profile of the distributor vane partially touches that of the impeller vane; the lower profile of the vane completely touches that of the impeller vane.

2) The distributor blade is completely above the S-S plane, while the impeller blade is above and below the S-S plane, i.e. the S-S plane cuts the impeller blades. Comments on the YY section.

1) Section YY represents the rectified profile of a portion of the arc of the distributor and of the impeller: you can see the vanes of the distributor, those of the impeller and their arrangement on the respective crowns The profile shown is only indicative because their shape derives from the study kinematic and in particular by the speed triangles imposed by the characteristics of each specific hydroelectric installation.

Table drawings 2.

1) The distributor (n ° 1 - blue) embedded in the impeller (n ° 2 - red) is shown.

The representations are identical to those of table 1, with the exception of the profile of the distributor vane, being lapped at the bottom, partly on the external side and partly on the internal side by the complementary profile of the impeller.

2) Also in this case the distributor vane is all over the S-S plane, while the impeller vane is located above and below the S-S plane, i.e. the S-S plane cuts the impeller vanes both in the external and internal part and therefore the Distributor vanes are recessed into the impeller vanes on three sides.

Table drawings 3.

In particular, the distributor (n ° l-blue) is represented in two types chosen among the many other possible ones:

the first has the vanes evenly distributed on the circular crown,

the second has vanes that cover only some parts of the circular crown.

Remarks.

The action turbines have the great advantage of being able to be partialized, simply by closing part of the nozzles of the distributor crown: this allows the regulation of the flow rate. Taking into account that the action turbine works at maximum efficiency even with the jet of water coming out of a single nozzle, closing or opening nozzles never affects the efficiency and therefore the efficiency is independent of the water flow rate.

Table drawings 4.

Various profiles are shown, among many others possible, of the semi-recessed distributor vanes (blue) and impeller (red). The complementarity of the distributor / impeller profiles develops horizontally and vertically on the external side.

Table drawings 5.

Various profiles are shown, among many others possible, of the recessed distributor vanes (blue) and impeller (red).

The complementarity of the distributor / impeller profiles develops horizontally, vertically on the external side and vertically on the internal side.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS n ° 1. with this patent we claim the right of priority over the blades of the impeller of the hydraulic action turbines in which the vanes of the distributor are semi-recessed and which have a horizontal leading edge and a leading edge towards the ho external which has the purpose of intercepting the centrifugal flow and recovering its energy, eliminating the volumetric losses towards the external part of the impeller: n ° 2. as in the previous claim, with this patent we also claim the right of priority over the blades of the impeller of the hydraulic action turbines, in which the vanes of the distributor are embedded and which have a horizontal leading edge, an edge external upward leading edge and an internal upward leading edge, which have the purpose of intercepting the centrifugal flow and the centripetal flow and recovering their energy, eliminating the volumetric losses of the impeller: n ° 3. as in any one of the preceding claims, we claim the right of priority over the impeller blades of the hydraulic action turbines, having a horizontal leading edge, an outward upward leading edge and possibly also a downward leading edge. the internal high, whatever shape they have projected onto a plane normal to the velocity vector of their motion: n ° 4. As in any one of the preceding claims, we claim the right of priority over the impeller blades of the hydraulic action turbines, with a horizontal leading edge, an outward upward leading edge and possibly also a downward leading edge. the internal high, whatever shape they have projected onto a plane parallel to the velocity vector of their motion and perpendicular to the radius of rotation: n ° S. as in any one of the preceding claims we claim the right of priority over the impeller blades of the hydraulic action turbines, with a horizontal leading edge, an outward upward leading edge and possibly also a downward leading edge the internal high, whatever shape they have projected onto a plane parallel to the velocity vector of their motion and parallel to the radius of rotation: n ° 6. as in any one of the preceding claims we claim the right of priority over the impeller blades which receive, semi-recessed or recessed, the vanes of the distributor of the hydraulic action turbines, whatever shape is the coupling profile between the blade of the impeller and the dealer: n ° 7. as in any one of the preceding claims, we claim the right of priority over the blades of the impeller which receive, semi-recessed or recessed, the vanes of the distributor of the hydraulic action turbines, and which have a cross section of any shape of the leading edge horizontal, the outer upward leading edge and the inner upward leading edge if any: n ° 8. as in any of the preceding claims we claim the priority right to open or close any nozzle of the distributor with any mechanical system. pneumatic, hydraulic controlled with electronic electric system.