ITPD20130029A1 - MULTILAYER PANEL FOR BUILDING USE - Google Patents

Description

MULTI LAYER PANEL FOR BUILDING USE

Description

Technical field

The invention refers to a multilayer panel for building use having the characteristics set out in the preamble of the main claim.

In particular, the present invention refers to a multilayer panel for building use used for the construction of prefabricated buildings.

Technological background

As is known, a prefabricated building is made by assembling and / or assembling a plurality of elements in the form of a panel which, suitably arranged adjacent to each other, form the external walls, the internal walls, and even the floors and floors of the prefabricated building. These elements are usually made entirely in the factory, but it is envisaged that they can be assembled or completed on site at the time of their installation.

It is well known in the construction sector that this type of construction allows for faster construction than a standard construction, in which the building is built on site, as well as being, in general, less expensive.

This makes these constructions particularly appreciated in areas subject to particularly difficult environmental conditions, such as seismic areas, areas subject to floods or hurricanes, or demographically very active areas, where there is the need to build buildings for domestic use or for public use in times fast and at a low cost while maintaining satisfactory performance in terms of energy efficiency.

In this context, the construction of prefabricated buildings is widely accepted on the market.

To date, the most widely used prefabricated structures involve the use of wood-based or concrete-based panels.

Prefabricated structures made from wooden panels, although they reach a high level of thermal insulation, guaranteeing high energy yields, are typically used for the construction of small houses with one or at most two floors, as they are unsuitable to withstand excessive axial loads.

Prefabricated buildings made with concrete panels, possibly reinforced, do not suffer from the structural limitations mentioned above in reference to prefabricated wooden constructions.

However, this type of construction also has some drawbacks.

One of these drawbacks concerns the fact that they do not lend themselves to the construction of systems whose pipes are typically incorporated into the walls, such as plumbing, heating and electrical systems.

In fact, to insert inside the panel the ducts necessary for the passage of fluids, such as water, gas, or for the passage of cables, for example electric cables, necessary to equip the building with the aforementioned systems, the realization is foreseen, typically at foot of work, of special grooves on the panel which requires a significant contribution in terms of time and labor.

It is also known that the building regulations on sound insulation and the new standards of living place at the fore the need to design acoustically adequate environments in relation to their intended use. To this end, the wide use of sound-absorbing panels is known. These panels are mainly panels not incorporated into the building structure, which are fixed resting on the surface of walls or ceilings for the acoustic soundproofing of the environment in which these panels are applied. In the acoustic sector, in particular in the production of soundproofing and sound absorbing panels, panels are known whose surface has an irregular profile such as to reflect sound waves incident in many directions and in such a way as to be temporally out of phase with each other. The reflected sound waves generated in this way can overlap each other and / or other acoustic waves incident on the surface, causing destructive interference, with a consequent reduction in the energy of the reflected sound waves.

This surface is hereinafter referred to as the "diffusing acoustic surface".

Examples of diffusing acoustic surfaces are surfaces made on the basis of Schroeder's mathematical model, otherwise known as the mathematical model of the “quadratic residue”, developed by the mathematician Manfred Schroeder.

In particular, the diffusing acoustic surfaces made according to Schroeder's mathematical model have a sequence of grooves extended parallel to a longitudinal direction with width and depth sized in such a way as to determine a surface profile capable of producing the aforementioned interference phenomena. destructive for sound waves having predefined frequencies.

The British patent GB 2475718 A describes a structural component of a building made of concrete, such as a wall or a ceiling, having a surface facing the interior of the room which is profiled in such a way as to create a diffusing acoustic surface, such as example based on the mathematical model of the “quadratic residue”.

The construction of this wall or ceiling takes place in the traditional way with pouring the concrete into a specially profiled formwork and subsequent removal of the latter after the curing of the concrete.

However, this solution does not offer any specific suggestions about the possibility of inserting one or more plumbing or electrical ducts in a wall for which it will therefore be necessary to intervene in the traditional way during the construction of the building. In addition, the presence of a grooved surface with an irregular profile directly facing the inside of a room, can be of little use to the free arrangement of the furniture, potentially dangerous in the performance of normal daily life activities, as well as aesthetically unsatisfactory.

The production of sound-absorbing elements made using grooved surfaces sized using the Schroeder model is also known in the sector of the construction of road barriers, as described for example in EP 2458090 in the name of the same Applicant, to which reference is made for a more in-depth mathematical treatment of the sizing of the grooves according to the above method.

Description of the invention

The technical problem underlying the present invention is therefore that of providing a multilayer panel for building use, structurally and functionally conceived to obviate the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the cited prior art.

This problem is solved by the present invention by means of a multilayer panel for building use for the construction of prefabricated buildings made in accordance with the attached claims.

Brief description of the drawings

The advantages, characteristics and methods of use of the present invention will become evident from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, illustrated by way of example and not of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view of a multilayer panel for building use made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic view in perspective and on an enlarged scale of a portion of the multilayer panel of Figure 1 indicated by I;

- Figure 3 is an exploded view of the portion of the panel of Figure 2.

Preferred way of carrying out the invention

With reference to the attached figures, a m ultilayer panel for building use is generally indicated with 1.

The m ultilayer panel 1 is particularly suitable for use in the construction of prefabricated buildings, and has a substantially sheet-like conformation, developed along a prevailing longitudinal direction Y and a transverse direction Z, defining a reference plane A of the panel 1.

The extension of the panel 1 along the longitudinal and transverse directions respectively represent a length H and a width L of the panel 1, while the third dimension of the panel 1 is represented by a thickness T, substantially reduced compared to the other two dimensions.

Purely by way of indication, the panel 1 can have a length H between 2.5 m and 3.5 m, preferably about 3 m, and a width L between 0.5 m and 2 m, preferably about 1 m.

The multilayer panel 1 comprises a first layer 2, extended parallel to the reference plane A, on which a pair of main surfaces is defined, also substantially parallel to the reference plane A.

A first of said main surfaces, preferably intended to be turned towards the inside of a room delimited by the panel 1 when installed, is a grooved surface 3, while the main surface opposite it is, in the embodiment described here , a flat surface 3a.

According to a main aspect of the present invention, the profile of the grooved surface 3 is specifically configured to reduce the sound energy of any sound waves generated by the reflection on the grooved surface 3 of incident sound waves, by means of destructive interference phenomena between the reflected waves and / or accidents. In this way the grooved surface 3 can be considered a diffusing acoustic surface, in accordance with the definition given above.

In particular, a plurality of grooves S1 ... SM are obtained on the grooved surface 3, with a depth not zero, all extending parallel to the longitudinal axis Y, and whose depth D, and width Wi, are sized according to the mathematical model by Schroeder.

In particular, the grooves are sized in such a way that the reflected sound waves cause a destructive acoustic interference with sound waves having predetermined frequencies included in a frequency band between a minimum frequency of 100 Hz and a maximum frequency of 5000 Hz.

Particularly preferably, the slots S1 ... SM are dimensioned in such a way as to determine a destructive acoustic interference for sound waves having a center band frequency between 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz.

The width W, and the depth D, of each groove S, can be determined, albeit in accordance with Schroeder's model, in different ways, including the possibility of dimensioning the grooves while keeping the width of the different grooves constant. and varying their depth, or, on the contrary, keeping the depth of the various grooves constant and varying their width.

In the panel 1 of the present invention, the most suitable method will be used for making grooves which allow the housing functions described below to be carried out better.

In order to generate the phenomena of interference on the sound waves having the above mentioned frequencies, the grooves YES, .., SM have a variable depth between 10 m and 130 mm, with a width between 25 and 300 mm.

The first layer 2 is preferably made of concrete, even more preferably of reinforced, vibrated and lightened concrete, in such a way as to represent the structurally bearing layer of the panel 1.

The first layer 2 comprises a base layer 4 substantially shaped like a parallelepiped, not affected by the grooves which has a substantially constant thickness, preferably between 40 and 80 m m, for example about 60 m m, particularly suitable for forming, in correspondence of its perimeter edges, an interlocking portion 4a which allows the effective assembly of the panel 1 in seats defined in suitable beams of the framework of the prefabricated building.

Preferably, the base layer comprises the main surface 3a of the first layer 2 while on its surface opposite the main surface 3a, longitudinally extended projections 5 are provided.

The projections 5 define the grooves S1 ... SM and therefore have variable thickness and width, determined by the aforementioned Schroeder mathematical method. The grooved surface 3 is thus defined by the surface of the base layer 4 not affected by the projections 5 and by the surface of the projections 5 not in contact with the base layer 4.

The first layer 2, considering the thickness of the base layer 4 and of the projections 5, can have an overall thickness of between 80 and 250 m m.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first layer 2 is fixed with tie rods extending along transverse directions with respect to the longitudinal direction Y and the direction Z, so as to form braces of the panel 1.

The m ultilayer panel 1 also comprises a second layer 6 adjacent to the first layer 2 and having a surface 6a facing the grooved surface 3 of the first layer 2.

Preferably, the surface 6a of the second layer 6 is substantially flat, parallel to the reference plane A.

Preferably, at least a part of the surface 6a of the second layer 6 is placed in direct contact with the first layer 2, in particular with the part of the grooved surface 3 defined by the thicker projections 5. In any case, between the grooved surface 3 of the first layer 2 and the surface 6a of the second layer 6 there is defined a plurality of cavities crossing the panel 1 from side to side along the longitudinal direction Y, and corresponding to the grooves S1..SM .

In at least one of the cavities C1 ..., CM of the m ultilayer panel 1 there are ducts 7 for the passage of fluids, such as sanitary water, waste water, heating water, fuel gas, or for the passage of cables, for example electric cables.

The thickness of the second layer 6 is preferably between 40 mm and 120 m m, and, particularly preferably, is about 60 m m.

The second layer 6 is preferably made of a material with a high thermal and acoustic insulation coefficient. Most preferably, it is a soft material with an open, fibrous structure, such as for example rock wool or glass wool or in other natural or synthetic fibers, for example in polymeric material.

It will be appreciated that, advantageously, the provision of the second layer in a relatively soft and easily deformable material such as the aforementioned fibrous materials, allows to recover at least in part the thickness differences of the projections 5, to accommodate the ducts 7 more effectively to the inside the cavities C1. CM, as it also allows to accommodate ducts with a diameter slightly larger than the size of the cavity and, moreover, to hold the ducts 7 in position within them.

On the second layer 6, on the opposite side to the first layer 2, a third finishing layer 8 is also preferably applied, intended to form the visible surface of the panel 1 facing the interior of a room delimited by the panel 1. The third layer 8, possibly perforated, is made of any suitable material, for example plasterboard, or metal or wood, and has a thickness of between 50 and 250 m m, for example 200 mm.

Between the second layer 6 and the third layer 8, if necessary, a membrane capable of forming a barrier to water vapor can be interposed.

The panel 1 also comprises a fourth layer 10, applied to the first layer 2 on the opposite side to the second layer 6, which is made of heat-insulating material, for example based on expanded polymer or, more preferably, based on fibers. natural or synthetic, such as rock wool or glass wool.

The fourth layer 10 has a thickness suitable for the desired degree of thermal insulation, and is typically between 60 m m and 150 m m, preferably 120 m m.

On the fourth layer 10, on the opposite side with respect to the first layer 2, there is also the application of a fifth layer 11, for external finishing of the panel 1, which can be suitably formed by a layer of plaster, for example of thickness of about 15-20 mm.

The panel 1 described above is particularly configured to be used as the external wall of a prefabricated building, however it is envisaged to make a similar panel intended for use as an internal wall of the building, suitable for dividing two different rooms of the building. 'building. In this variant, not shown in the accompanying figures, the panel may comprise a first concrete layer, similar to the first layer 2 described above, in which both main surfaces are grooved like the grooved surface 3. In this way, both the surfaces of the structural element of the panel are diffusing acoustic surfaces, improving the acoustic characteristics of both rooms divided by the panel.

In a further embodiment variant of the panel 1 it is provided that the longitudinal edges of the panel are inclined with respect to the reference plane at an angle other than 90 °, for example 45 °, so as to allow the panel to be positioned at an angle. compared to an adjacent panel.

As previously stated, the panel 1 is used in the construction of a prefabricated building.

Preferably, the construction of this building provides for the preparation of a frame structure made of metal beams, in which the panels 1 are inserted to form the external walls of the building and, using the similar panels described in the previous paragraph for the formation of the walls internal, the rooms of the same are then divided.

In particular, the metal truss used for the frame structure comprises "C" beams constituting seats for engaging the interlocking portion 4a of the base layer 4, thus favoring a rapid and effective assembly of the panel 1 on the structure frame.

Preferably, next to panels in which the first, second, third, fourth and fifth layer are extended over the entire development of the panel, as in the preferred example described above, the production of partially open panels is envisaged, in which these layers are extended only on a part of the panel, for example on a half or on a perimeter frame, thus allowing the insertion of doors or windows in the partially open panel.

With the provision of ducts 7 inside, panel 1 allows the construction of walls or floors already prepared for the construction of the plumbing, electrical, thermotechnical systems necessary for the operation of the prefabricated building.

Preferably, the ducts 7 are suitably arranged inside the cavities C1 .. CM in the factory, on the basis of a construction project of the prefabricated building. In this way, the panels 1 will be positioned in such a way that the ducts 7 of a panel are possibly placed in continuity with the ducts 7 provided on the panels adjacent to it.

Alternatively, the ducts 7 can be arranged in the cavities C1 .. CM on site. In this case, the panel 1 is made in two half panels, one comprising the first layer 2 (together with the fourth and fifth layer 10 and 11) and one comprising the second layer 6 (together with the third layer 8), in which the grooved surface 3 and the surface 6a on the respective half panels are visible.

The two half panels are then assembled on site once they have possibly inserted in correspondence with one or more grooves S1. SM The ducts 7 necessary for the construction of the plumbing, electrical, thermotechnical systems of the building under construction, in order to form the panel 1 described above and position it appropriately in the frame structure.

Of course, a person skilled in the art can make further modifications and variations to the invention described above in order to meet specific and contingent application needs, variants and modifications falling within the scope of protection as defined by the subsequent claims.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1. Multilayer panel for building use, extended along a reference plane (A) and comprising: - a first layer (2) having a grooved surface (3), on which a plurality of grooves (YES, .., SM) extending along a longitudinal direction (Y) and whose width dimensions (W,) and depth (Di) are such as to induce interference phenomena on sound waves generated by the reflection of sound waves at predefined frequencies incident on said grooved surface; - a second layer (6) adjacent to said first layer (2) and facing said grooved surface (3) so as to define, in correspondence with said plurality of grooves (S1. SM), a corresponding plurality of cavities (C1. ..CΜ) defined between said grooved surface (3) and said second layer (6), and extended along said longitudinal direction (Y); and characterized by the fact that in said cavities (C1. ..CM) there are ducts (7) designed for the passage of fluids and / or for the insertion of cables. 2. Panel according to claim 1, wherein the width and depth dimensions of said plurality of grooves (S1 .. SM) are obtained on the basis of Schroeder's mathematical model. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first layer (2) is made of concrete. 4. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which said grooves have a depth of between 10 and 130 mm. 5. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which said grooves have a width of between 25 and 300 mm. 6. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which said grooves are sized in such a way as to induce interference phenomena on sound waves generated by the reflection of sound waves at frequencies between 100 Hz and 5000 Hz. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said second layer (6) comprises a fibrous material having a high thermal insulation coefficient and easily deformable. 8. Panel according to claim 7, wherein said second layer (6) is made of glass wool or rock wool or fibers of polymeric material. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first layer (2) comprises a base layer (4), substantially shaped like a parallelepiped, on a surface of which a plurality of projections (5) of variable width and thickness are arranged, defining called grooves. Panel according to claim 9, wherein at least a perimeter edge portion of said base layer (4) forms an interlocking portion (4a) of said panel.