ITPD20110219A1 - COVER FILM FOR AGRICULTURAL USE WITH A HIGH BARRIER EFFECT FOR PESTICIDES AND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, WITH ONE OR MORE? LAYERS OF EVOH, AND RELATIVE METHOD OF REALIZATION - Google Patents
COVER FILM FOR AGRICULTURAL USE WITH A HIGH BARRIER EFFECT FOR PESTICIDES AND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, WITH ONE OR MORE? LAYERS OF EVOH, AND RELATIVE METHOD OF REALIZATION Download PDFInfo
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- ITPD20110219A1 ITPD20110219A1 IT000219A ITPD20110219A ITPD20110219A1 IT PD20110219 A1 ITPD20110219 A1 IT PD20110219A1 IT 000219 A IT000219 A IT 000219A IT PD20110219 A ITPD20110219 A IT PD20110219A IT PD20110219 A1 ITPD20110219 A1 IT PD20110219A1
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- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- BIHPYCDDPGNWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-iai Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2CC(N)CC2=C1 BIHPYCDDPGNWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
TITOLO TITLE
FILM DI COPERTURA AD USO AGRICOLO AD ELEVATO HIGH AGRICULTURAL COVERING FILM
EFFETTO BARRIERA AI PESTICIDI E BASSO IMPATTO BARRIER EFFECT TO PESTICIDES AND LOW IMPACT
AMBIENTALE, CON UNO O PIU’ STRATI DI EVOH , E RELATIVO ENVIRONMENTAL, WITH ONE OR MORE EVOH LAYERS, AND RELATIVE
METODO DI REALIZZAZIONE METHOD OF REALIZATION
CAMPO DELL’INVENZIONE FIELD OF INVENTION
Questa invenzione riguarda un film in materiale plastico ad uno o più strati, monostrato o multistrato, monoestruso o coestruso, da utilizzare come film di copertura per serre, caratterizzato da elevato effetto barriera pesticidi e/o altri agenti chimici conseguito mediane uso di EVOH ( copolimero Etilene vinil-alcool). This invention relates to a single-layer or multi-layer plastic film with one or more layers, mono-extruded or co-extruded, to be used as a covering film for greenhouses, characterized by a high barrier effect of pesticides and / or other chemical agents achieved through the use of EVOH (copolymer Ethylene vinyl alcohol).
L’invenzione comprende anche il metodo di realizzazione. The invention also includes the method of realization.
STATO DELLA TECNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
Le tradizionali coperture per serre, sia quelle a semiarco che a tettoia, possono essere suddivise in rigide o flessibili. Traditional greenhouse covers, both semi-arch and canopy, can be divided into rigid or flexible.
Le coperture rigide sono costituite da vetro, poliestere rinforzato con fibre di vetro, PVC rigido corrugato, Polimetilmetacrilato o Policarbonato e sono utilizzate con spessori di vari millimetri. Rigid covers are made of glass, glass fiber reinforced polyester, corrugated rigid PVC, polymethylmethacrylate or polycarbonate and are used with thicknesses of several millimeters.
Le coperture flessibili sono costituite da PVC plastificato, copolimero EVA (etilene vinile acetato), PE bassa densità e PE lineare, Etilene-tetra-fluoro Etilene, Poliuretano, Polipropilene e loro Blend o miscele, e sono usate con spessori dell’ordine di decimi di millimetro. The flexible covers are made of plasticized PVC, copolymer EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), low density PE and linear PE, Ethylene-tetra-fluorine Ethylene, Polyurethane, Polypropylene and their Blends or mixtures, and are used with thicknesses of the order of tenths of a millimeter.
In ogni caso le caratteristiche che le coperture per serre devono avere sono: In any case, the characteristics that greenhouse covers must have are:
• Resistenza meccanica, inclusa la resistenza agli stress derivanti da agenti atmosferici e condizioni metereologiche avverse, in modo da proteggere adeguatamente il raccolto sottostante; â € ¢ Mechanical resistance, including resistance to stresses deriving from atmospheric agents and adverse weather conditions, in order to adequately protect the underlying crop;
• Trasmissione luminosa della radiazione solare in particolar modo delle radiazioni P.A.R. (photosynthetic Active Radiations); â € ¢ Light transmission of solar radiation, especially P.A.R. (photosynthetic Active Radiations);
• Effetto serra, capacità di trasmettere o filtrare bande di radiazioni nel campo dell’infrarosso (7,000-13,000 nm); â € ¢ Greenhouse effect, the ability to transmit or filter bands of radiation in the infrared range (7,000-13,000 nm);
• Lunga durata, conseguita mediante resistenza nei confronti delle radiazioni che ne alterano la struttura molecolare; â € ¢ Long life, achieved through resistance to radiations that alter the molecular structure;
• Capacità di resistenza alla degradazione dovuta all’utilizzo da parte degli agricoltori di agenti chimici e pesticidi. â € ¢ Resistance to degradation due to the use by farmers of chemical agents and pesticides.
I film flessibili sono più economici delle lastre rigide, richiedono strutture di sostegno meno impegnative e sono più semplici da applicare. Flexible films are cheaper than rigid sheets, require less demanding support structures and are easier to apply.
La scelta del materiale di copertura à ̈ quindi molto importante poiché si devono legare diverse necessità che talvolta possono essere in contrasto. Per esempio la resistenza meccanica aumenta accrescendo lo spessore ma ciò diminuisce la trasmissione luminosa. The choice of the roofing material is therefore very important since different needs must be linked which can sometimes be in contrast. For example, the mechanical resistance increases by increasing the thickness but this decreases the light transmission.
Un aspetto che assume una rilevanza fondamentale ai fini della vita utile dei film di copertura per uso agricolo à ̈ noto sia correlato all’impiego di agenti chimici e pesticidi che provocano la degradazione del materiale di copertura. An aspect that is of fundamental importance for the purposes of the useful life of covering films for agricultural use is known to be related to the use of chemical agents and pesticides that cause the degradation of the covering material.
Sono riportati di seguito i risultati, espressi mediante un grafico, di una ricerca su ampia scala relativa a film di classe D secondo normativa EN-13206, la cui vita utile nominale in un area da 160 kly, area di esposizione in cui à ̈ stata condotta la ricerca, à ̈ di 24 mesi. Come si evince chiaramente dal grafico relativo allo zolfo, per livelli di contaminazione inferiori a 1000 ppm di Zolfo determinati post esposizione vi sono pochi casi di degrado sotto i 24 mesi ( 12 casi sotto i 24 mesi, 25 sopra i 24 mesi) ed anzi molti film resistono oltre il lasso di vita utile garantito, al contrario per livelli di contaminazioni alti vi sono molti casi di degrado precoce. Below are the results, expressed by means of a graph, of a large-scale research relating to class D films according to the EN-13206 standard, whose nominal useful life in an area of 160 kly, the exposure area in which it was conducted the research, is 24 months. As can be clearly seen from the graph relating to sulfur, for contamination levels below 1000 ppm of Sulfur determined post exposure there are few cases of degradation under 24 months (12 cases under 24 months, 25 over 24 months) and indeed many films resist beyond the guaranteed useful life, on the contrary for high levels of contamination there are many cases of premature degradation.
Infatti uno dei principali fattori che causa la degradazione dei polimeri à ̈ proprio costituito dall'azione dei pesticidi che contengono Zolfo, cloro, ferro e rame, utilizzati copiosamente da parte degli agricoltori. In fact, one of the main factors that causes the degradation of polymers is precisely constituted by the action of pesticides that contain sulfur, chlorine, iron and copper, used copiously by farmers.
Tali composti chimici diminuiscono sensibilmente la vita utile dei film in quanto interagiscono con gli stabilizzanti più comunemente utilizzati (HALS, Nichel): ferro e zolfo deattivano le HALS (ammine stericamente bloccate), ed il Cloro deattiva il Nichel. These chemical compounds significantly reduce the useful life of the films as they interact with the most commonly used stabilizers (HALS, Nickel): iron and sulfur deactivate HALS (sterically blocked amines), and Chlorine deactivates Nickel.
A titolo esemplificativo si riportano una serie di esposizioni in forno ventilato di film di varia tipologia, esposti a mescole di pesticidi che sono abitualmente usati in agricoltura, al fine di verificare mediante analisi di Fluorescenza a raggi X il residuo in ppm a parità di condizioni. By way of example, a series of exposures in a ventilated oven of various types of films, exposed to compounds of pesticides that are usually used in agriculture, are reported in order to verify the residue in ppm under the same conditions by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis.
ppm zolfo ppm cloro Film LDPE 100 µm 34 10 (Schermato ai pesticidi con film EVOH 10 µm) ppm sulfur ppm chlorine LDPE film 100 µm 34 10 (Shielded against pesticides with EVOH 10 µm film)
Film LDPE 100 µm 40 18 (Schermato ai pesticidi con film PA 30 µm) LDPE film 100 µm 40 18 (Pesticide shielded with PA film 30 µm)
Film LDPE 100 µm 294 47 (Schermato ai pesticidi con film PE 30 µm) LDPE film 100 µm 294 47 (Pesticide shielded with PE film 30 µm)
Test Effettuato mediante XRF Thermo Electro ARL Optim'X Tested with XRF Thermo Electro ARL Optim'X
dopo esposizione per 7 giorni a miscela di Methamsodium e cipermetrina in forno ventilato termostatato T = 50 °C after exposure for 7 days to a mixture of Methamsodium and cypermethrin in a ventilated oven with temperature control T = 50 ° C
Si à ̈ riscontrato sperimentalmente che la poliammide à ̈ caratterizzata da un bassissimo coefficiente di permeabilità ai gas sia puri che a miscele di gas, in quanto schermando a parità di spessore un film in PE 100 µm, 30 µm di PA sono almeno 6 volte più efficaci in termini di permeazione di 30 µm di PE. It has been experimentally found that polyamide is characterized by a very low coefficient of permeability to both pure gases and gas mixtures, since shielding a 100 µm PE film at the same thickness, 30 µm of PA are at least 6 times higher effective in terms of permeation of 30 µm of PE.
L'EVOH si dimostra ancora più efficace della poliammide, addirittura 10 µm di EVOH sono più efficaci di 30 µm di PA ai fini della schermatura dello strato in PE dai pesticidi. EVOH proves to be even more effective than polyamide, even 10 µm of EVOH are more effective than 30 µm of PA for shielding the PE layer from pesticides.
Quindi nel caso in cui venga realizzato un film in Coestruso con lo strato interno serra in EVOH ed i restanti in PE (o PA o EVOH) Ã ̈ sufficiente uno strato di EVOH per avere una efficace azione schermante nei confronti dei prodotti chimici costituenti i pesticidi. Therefore, in the event that a Coextruded film is made with the internal greenhouse layer in EVOH and the remaining ones in PE (or PA or EVOH), a layer of EVOH is sufficient to have an effective shielding action against the chemical products constituting the pesticides. .
Eventualmente un film coestruso può anche essere realizzato con entrambi gli strati sia interno che esterno in EVOH, in quanto anche se à ̈ principalmente lo strato interno serra quello soggetto alla captazione dei pesticidi usati internamente alla serra, anche l'esterno serra può essere utile che abbia un basso coefficiente di permeazione. Questo in quanto à ̈ prassi in alcuni territori e per alcune colture effettuare il cosiddetto "imbiancamento" delle serre nel periodo estivo al fine di schermare le colture dalle eccessive radiazioni solari incidenti. Eventually a coextruded film can also be made with both internal and external layers in EVOH, since even if it is mainly the internal greenhouse layer that is subject to the uptake of pesticides used inside the greenhouse, the external greenhouse can also be useful. has a low permeation coefficient. This is because it is common practice in some territories and for some crops to carry out the so-called "whitening" of the greenhouses in the summer in order to shield the crops from excessive incident solar radiation.
Il problema per la vita utile del film correlato alla prassi dell'"imbiancamento" Ã ̈ che gli agenti utilizzati per operare l'imbiancamento spesso non sono quelli consoni per l'uso specifico, ma vengono usati calce o vernici ad alto contenuto di ferro che hanno una deleteria azione di degrado sui film di copertura. The problem for the useful life of the film related to the practice of "whitening" is that the agents used to operate the whitening are often not those suitable for the specific use, but lime or paints with a high iron content are used which they have a deleterious degradation action on the covering films.
In seguito alla fase sperimentale descritta sopra sinteticamente, si à ̈ studiato e realizzato un nuovo film di copertura ad uso agricolo conseguito mediante uno o più strati di EVOH che sia caratterizzato da entrambe le seguenti peculiarità : Following the experimental phase briefly described above, a new covering film for agricultural use was studied and created using one or more layers of EVOH which is characterized by both of the following features:
- Effetto barriera a pesticidi e/o altri agenti chimici. - Barrier effect to pesticides and / or other chemical agents.
- Vita utile maggiore rispetto ai corrispettivi film tradizionali secondo classi di durata da EN13206, che si traduce in basso impatto ambientale come verrà di seguito descritto. - Longer useful life compared to the equivalent traditional films according to duration classes from EN13206, which translates into low environmental impact as will be described below.
SCOPI DEL TROVATO AIMS OF THE FOUND
Peculiare caratteristica del trovato à ̈ di ottenere un film con caratteristiche di elevata resistenza agli agenti chimici e pesticidi comunemente utilizzati in agricoltura, grazie all’effetto barriera agli agenti chimici originato dalla struttura molecolare dell'EVOH. Questa peculiare caratteristica dell'EVOH garantisce inoltre un’elevata durata e resistenza del film ottenuto rispetto ai film noti. Un film tradizionale commerciale in LDPE e/o LLDPE e/o EVA a 200 µm attualmente presenta una classe di durata al massimo E secondo quanto definito da normativa di riferimento EN13206. A peculiar feature of the invention is to obtain a film with characteristics of high resistance to chemical agents and pesticides commonly used in agriculture, thanks to the barrier effect to chemical agents originating from the molecular structure of EVOH. This particular characteristic of EVOH also guarantees a high durability and resistance of the film obtained with respect to known films. A traditional commercial film in LDPE and / or LLDPE and / or EVA at 200 µm currently has a maximum duration class E as defined by the reference standard EN13206.
Cioà ̈ il film in oggetto à ̈ garantito per una durata in invecchiamento accelerato WOM (ISO 4892-2) di 7300 h corrispondenti in campo in un area con 160 kly di 36 mesi. Da sottolinearsi che la vita utile che il film avrebbe in condizioni di esposizione ai pesticidi bassa sarebbe molto superiore, à ̈ proprio l'azione di degrado indotta dai pesticidi che abbassa la dura di vita utile del film. That is, the film in question is guaranteed for a duration in accelerated aging WOM (ISO 4892-2) of 7300 hours corresponding in the field in an area with 160 kly of 36 months. It should be emphasized that the useful life that the film would have in conditions of low exposure to pesticides would be much higher, it is precisely the degradation action induced by the pesticides that lowers the duration of the film.
Invece il trovato caratterizzato da uno o più strati di EVOH può essere garantito per una durata utile di almeno il 50% in più rispetto a film tradizionale di pari spessore. Quindi un film da invenzione a spessore 200 µm grazie alle caratteristiche di effetto barriera ai pesticidi può essere garantito per una durata utile di 54 mesi in un'area a 160 kly. Proprio questa caratteristica comporta un minore impatto ambientale del film rispetto ai film tradizionali usati: infatti il trovato a parità di spessore durando almeno il 50% in più di un film tradizionale, comporta un minor volume di materiale plastico introdotto in circolazione, quindi un minor volume di film plastico di riciclare post-utilizzo. Si sottolinea inoltre che il prodotto da invenzione non comporta particolari problematiche di riciclaggio, quindi post utilizzo subisce un ciclo analogo ad un film tradizionale. On the other hand, the invention characterized by one or more layers of EVOH can be guaranteed for a useful life of at least 50% longer than traditional film of the same thickness. Therefore, an invention film with a thickness of 200 µm, thanks to the pesticide barrier effect characteristics, can be guaranteed for a useful life of 54 months in a 160 kly area. Precisely this characteristic involves a lower environmental impact of the film compared to the traditional films used: in fact, the invention at the same thickness, lasting at least 50% longer than a traditional film, involves a lower volume of plastic material introduced into circulation, therefore a lower volume of plastic film to recycle after use. It is also emphasized that the invented product does not involve particular recycling problems, therefore after use it undergoes a cycle similar to a traditional film.
DESCRIZIONE DEL TROVATO DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUND
Il nuovo film per coperture agricole comprende l’utilizzo di EVOH. The new film for agricultural roofing includes the use of EVOH.
Il nuovo film può essere monostrato o multistrato. The new film can be single-layer or multi-layer.
Qualora il nuovo film sia multistrato, almeno uno di detti strati comprende EVOH. If the new film is multilayer, at least one of said layers comprises EVOH.
Le temperature di fusione dei polimeri utilizzati nello stesso strato possono essere diverse, ma la differenza deve preferibilmente essere tra 5 e 50K, meglio ancora tra 10 e 40K. The melting temperatures of the polymers used in the same layer can be different, but the difference should preferably be between 5 and 50K, better still between 10 and 40K.
Poiché la temperatura di fusione dell' EVOH à ̈ comunque notevolmente superiore a quella di Polietilene, EVA ed altri polimeri, à ̈ preferibile che l'EVOH venga usati come unico componente polimerico in uno o più strati senza miscelarlo ad altri polimeri. Since the melting temperature of EVOH is in any case considerably higher than that of Polyethylene, EVA and other polymers, it is preferable that EVOH is used as a single polymeric component in one or more layers without mixing it with other polymers.
I polimeri che costituiscono lo strato/gli strati del film possono essere omogenei od eterogenei e possono avere strutture polimeriche affini o non affini dal punto di vista molecolare, e concentrazioni variabili dall’1 al 100%. The polymers that make up the layer (s) of the film can be homogeneous or heterogeneous and can have molecularly similar or non-similar polymeric structures, and concentrations ranging from 1 to 100%.
Ad esempio, le varie combinazioni dei polimeri nei diversi strati, partendo dai polimeri di base e dalle seguenti coppie eterogenee possono essere: For example, the various combinations of polymers in the different layers, starting from the base polymers and from the following heterogeneous pairs can be:
- LDPE ed EVOH; - LDPE and EVOH;
- EVA ed EVOH; - EVA and EVOH;
- EMA ed EVOH; - EMA and EVOH;
- EBA ed EVOH; - EBA and EVOH;
- EEA ed EVOH; - EEA and EVOH;
- LLDPE ed EVOH; - LLDPE and EVOH;
- PP ed EVOH ; - PP and EVOH;
- PU ed EVOH ; - PU and EVOH;
- PVC ed EVOH ; - PVC and EVOH;
- PA ed EVOH; - PA and EVOH;
e tutte le relative combinazioni possibili dei suddetti polimeri. and all the relative possible combinations of the aforesaid polymers.
Il film potrà anche essere costituito da solo EVOH monostrato o multistrato. E’ possibile prevedere l’aggiunta di additivi, quali scivolanti, antistatici, anti-drip, surfattanti, stabilizzanti UV, cariche minerali, silice, zeolite, ceramiche o di altri materiali, boro e suoi composti, anidride maleica, collanti col fine di favorire l'aggraffaggio di strati adiacenti, nucleanti, reticolanti, nanocompositi, microsfere di vetro, cave e non cave. The film can also be made up of single or multilayer EVOH only. It is possible to foresee the addition of additives, such as slippery, antistatic, anti-drip, surfactants, UV stabilizers, mineral fillers, silica, zeolite, ceramics or other materials, boron and its compounds, maleic anhydride, adhesives with the purpose to favor the grafting of adjacent layers, nucleating, crosslinking, nanocomposites, glass microspheres, hollow and non-hollow.
Sono prevedibili modifiche ed aggiunte per produrre il film oggetto del presente trovato, ma esse rimangono sempre nel campo e nello scopo dell’invenzione. Modifications and additions are foreseeable to produce the film object of the present invention, but they always remain in the field and scope of the invention.
Ciascuno strato del film può essere ottenuto in impianti in mono o coestrusione, in bolla o a testa piana, senza particolari modifiche, attrezzati ad operare con un’adeguata flessibilità durante le condizioni di processo, velocità di rotazione della vite o delle viti e profili delle temperature, in modo da essere confacenti alla caratteristica della formula dei polimeri scelti. Each layer of the film can be obtained in mono or coextrusion, blown or flat head systems, without particular modifications, equipped to operate with adequate flexibility during the process conditions, rotation speed of the screw or screws and profiles of the temperatures, so as to be suitable for the characteristic of the formula of the chosen polymers.
Il nuovo film di cui al presente trovato à ̈ caratterizzato dall’avere un elevato effetto barriera ai pesticidi, in relazione allo spessore dello stesso film. The new film of the present invention is characterized by having a high barrier effect to pesticides, in relation to the thickness of the film itself.
Inoltre, il nuovo film, sia esso monostrato o multistrato, di cui uno o più strati sono costituiti in e EVOH, à ̈ caratterizzato da basso impatto ambientale per via della durata di vita utile superiore rispetto ad analogo film tradizionale di copertura in pari spessore. Furthermore, the new film, whether single or multilayer, of which one or more layers are made of and EVOH, is characterized by a low environmental impact due to its longer useful life than a similar traditional covering film in the same thickness.
DESCRIZIONE DELL’IMPIANTO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Il nuovo film di cui al presente trovato viene prodotto in apposito impianto produttivo preferenziale in grado di produrre il film dell’invenzione, dati come non restrittivi gli schemi allegati, illustrati nelle figure 1 e 2, che mostrano una vista schematica dell’impianto. L’impianto che produce un film secondo il trovato sopra esposto à ̈ preferibilmente costituito da un apparecchio di estrusione convenzionale. The new film according to the present invention is produced in a special preferential production plant capable of producing the film of the invention, given the attached diagrams, illustrated in figures 1 and 2, which show a schematic view of the plant as non-restrictive. . The plant which produces a film according to the invention described above is preferably constituted by a conventional extrusion apparatus.
Il sistema di dosaggio dei vari componenti da miscelare può essere del tipo gravimetrico oppure volumetrico, adatto comunque a dosare quanto necessario, nelle proporzioni richieste per le singole miscele nelle singole viti, indi anche relativamente ad additivi e master coloranti. The dosing system of the various components to be mixed can be of the gravimetric or volumetric type, however suitable for dosing what is necessary, in the proportions required for the individual mixtures in the individual screws, and also in relation to additives and master dyes.
I granuli dei polimeri base, e dei compounds che costituiscono gli additivi, possono essere soggetti a parziali premiscelature in una tramoggia adatta ad alimentare la sezione di alimentazione dell’estrusore. The granules of the base polymers, and of the compounds that make up the additives, may be subject to partial premixing in a hopper suitable for feeding the extruder feeding section.
Qualora il processo produttivo preveda la coestrusione, l’alimentazione di granuli e compounds sarà proporzionale per ogni linea. If the production process provides for coextrusion, the feeding of granules and compounds will be proportional for each line.
Utilizzando varie tipologie di polimero in monoestrusione, la temperatura di estrusione deve essere vicina a quella del punto di fusione del polimero a più alto punto di fusione. Using various types of monoextruded polymer, the extrusion temperature must be close to that of the melting point of the polymer with the highest melting point.
La temperatura viene gradualmente variata mediante controlli automatizzati, settore per settore, tramite sensori di termocoppie collegati a regolatori termici tramite un’unità di controllo, per esempio di tipo PLC, e rispettivamente con resistori elettrici che riscaldano i diversi settori dell’estrusore. The temperature is gradually varied by means of automated controls, sector by sector, by means of thermocouple sensors connected to thermal regulators by means of a control unit, for example of the PLC type, and respectively with electrical resistors that heat the different sectors of the extruder.
Opportune ventole centrifughe sono adeguatamente disposte per raffreddare l’estrusore. Appropriate centrifugal fans are suitably arranged to cool the extruder.
La scelta della temperatura di ogni settore dell’estrusore à ̈ definita secondo il rapporto di attrito che viene generato tra il cilindro e la vite interna e le curve reologiche dei polimeri usati. The choice of temperature for each sector of the extruder is defined according to the friction ratio that is generated between the cylinder and the internal screw and the rheological curves of the polymers used.
In questo modo il materiale polimerico fuso raggiunge la corretta fluidità e può passare attraverso la testa dell’estrusore e uscirne a forma di tubolare. Il diametro e lo spessore di detto tubolare sono regolati mediante iniezione di aria all’interno del tubo e dalla velocità dell’estrusione. In this way the molten polymeric material reaches the correct fluidity and can pass through the extruder head and come out in the shape of a tubular. The diameter and thickness of this tube are regulated by the injection of air inside the tube and by the speed of the extrusion.
Il tubolare viene raffreddato alla base da aria di tangente e procede attraverso la torre di raffreddamento. Proseguendo, detto tubolare raggiunge i rulli di traino posti nella cima dell’impianto che completano lo schiacciamento del tubolare che viene rimandato verso il basso verso l’avvolgitore. The tubular is cooled at the base by tangent air and proceeds through the cooling tower. Continuing, said tubular reaches the tow rollers placed in the top of the system which complete the crushing of the tubular which is sent back downwards towards the winder.
L’accoppiamento tra strati nel caso in cui film venga realizzato in coestrusione, può essere realizzato anche mediante utilizzo dei noti adesivi che favoriscono l’adesione tra i vari strati del film. If the film is produced in coextrusion, the coupling between layers can also be achieved by using the well-known adhesives that favor adhesion between the various layers of the film.
Pertanto con riferimento alla descrizione che precede e alla tavola acclusa si esprimono le seguenti rivendicazioni. Therefore, with reference to the preceding description and to the attached table, the following claims are expressed.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000219A ITPD20110219A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2011-06-28 | COVER FILM FOR AGRICULTURAL USE WITH A HIGH BARRIER EFFECT FOR PESTICIDES AND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, WITH ONE OR MORE? LAYERS OF EVOH, AND RELATIVE METHOD OF REALIZATION |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000219A ITPD20110219A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2011-06-28 | COVER FILM FOR AGRICULTURAL USE WITH A HIGH BARRIER EFFECT FOR PESTICIDES AND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, WITH ONE OR MORE? LAYERS OF EVOH, AND RELATIVE METHOD OF REALIZATION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITPD20110219A1 true ITPD20110219A1 (en) | 2012-12-29 |
Family
ID=44555406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000219A ITPD20110219A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2011-06-28 | COVER FILM FOR AGRICULTURAL USE WITH A HIGH BARRIER EFFECT FOR PESTICIDES AND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, WITH ONE OR MORE? LAYERS OF EVOH, AND RELATIVE METHOD OF REALIZATION |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | ITPD20110219A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04139247A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Biodegradable composition, molded article and multi-layer structure |
| NL9200292A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-16 | Ginegar Plastic Products | Polymer film composed of a plurality of layers and essentially impermeable to gases |
-
2011
- 2011-06-28 IT IT000219A patent/ITPD20110219A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04139247A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Biodegradable composition, molded article and multi-layer structure |
| NL9200292A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-16 | Ginegar Plastic Products | Polymer film composed of a plurality of layers and essentially impermeable to gases |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 199226, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1992-212087, XP002671070 * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 199241, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1992-338398, XP002671069 * |
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