ITNA20070075A1 - CONVERSION SYSTEM OF THE ENERGY OF THE WAVE MOTION IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY - (MARINE ENERGY STATION) - Google Patents

Description

TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

1. Introduction

The inevitable gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in production costs are increasingly shifting the focus of research towards new and better methods for producing energy, with particular attention to renewable energy. According to the most widespread technological culture, renewable energy sources are defined as those sources for which the duration of the cycle of use is comparable to that of regeneration. The following are considered new and renewable energy sources (FENR): the sun, wind, hydraulic energy, geothermal resources, tides and oily motion. The energy of the sea waves is enormous and is about 70Kw / m of the wave front. Waves move for miles without losing their power. All energy is concentrated near the water level and only a small part of the energy migrates to a depth of 50 meters below the water level. This means that, compared to other renewable resources (sun, wind), it is a very concentrated energy resource that varies much less than others during the day. In fact, wind and solar sources are particularly criticized for their unpredictability: the wind can suddenly turn into a calm state and the clouds can reduce the strength of the sun at any time. The sea, on the other hand, never stops. The ocean wave motion produces an energy that, when properly exploited, can be able to feed the entire world energy needs.

2. State of the art

In principle, there are different ways of converting energies present in the sea into electrical energy. Let's analyze the main methods:

• Energy of sea currents: it is very intense in some areas and can be used by exploiting systems similar to wind farms, which generate electricity with the wind. Of course, the propellers used are different, due to the much greater density of water than air and an average lower speed.

• Tidal energy: the energy technique exploits the difference in height between high tide and low tide: the so-called tidal amplitude. The difference in sea level between high and low tide in some areas located around the oceans reaches and exceeds 10 meters. The plants are similar to hydroelectric ones: a dam holds water in a basin at high tide level and releases it into the open sea when there is low tide; when the basin is leveled to the sea, the pipelines close and reopen when the sea, close to high tide, fills it again.

Energy from sea and tidal currents: energy from tidal currents is one of the most interesting and unexplored sources of renewable energy sources. Turbines for the exploitation of sea currents can be (as for wind technologies) with a horizontal axis or with a vertical axis. Horizontal axis turbines are more suitable for constant sea currents, such as those present in the Mediterranean, while vertical axis turbines are more suitable for tidal currents due to the fact that they change direction, by about 180 degrees, several times in the arc. of the day. Temperature difference: in this case the energy is obtained from the sea by exploiting the temperature difference between the surface water and that present at several meters of depth. The solar energy absorbed by the sea surface heats it, creating a difference in temperature between the surface waters, which can reach 25-28 degrees centigrade, and those located for example at a depth of 600 meters, which do not exceed 6- 7 degrees centigrade. The warmer surface waters allow substances such as ammonia and fluorine to evaporate; the high-pressure vapors set in motion a turbine and an electricity generator, pass through a condenser and return to the liquid state cooled by the water sucked from the bottom. A difference of 20 degrees centigrade is enough to guarantee the production of an economically exploitable quantity of energy.

• Wave energy: this energy can be used by exploiting the movement of floats anchored to the seabed with cables that wind and unwind on the axis of an alternator, or by exploiting the movement of the air above the waves, but it is still in the experimental phase. Hypotheses are being studied to concentrate and focus the waves in order to increase their height and the potential for conversion into electrical energy Other hypotheses foresee instead of using the pressure variations found below the sea surface, others use floats that "copy" the wave motion by transferring it to generators by means of hydraulic pistons (moved by the water).

Some applications

The first wave energy station in the world that was built makes use of an oscillating water column system and consists of a chamber located along the coast where water enters and exits freely. At the entrance of the water, the air present in the chamber compresses and, passing through a hole, is pushed towards a turbine, which starts moving. When the water leaves the chamber, the suction of air keeps the turbine in motion. The latter drives a generator that converts energy into electricity.

Then there are floating power plants which basically comprise three components:

S two wave reflectors, which convey incoming waves in the direction of a ramp;

S a hull with a curved ramp, over which the water flows into a reservoir above sea level;

a number of Kaplan turbines, through which the water from the reservoir flows back into the sea, producing electricity. A floating system has been developed in Scotland that converts the movement of surface waves into pneumatic pressure that drives turbines. In England, a mechanism was built, installed on the shore, which uses the breaking of the waves to compress air in a concrete chamber which then moves a generator.

In Portugal, another product has been created which always draws energy from the sea but which instead of exploiting currents uses wave motion as an energy source. These are large floating "snakes" formed by various rigid sections connected to each other by mechanical joints. The wave motion causes the stubs to sway by continuously varying the opening angle of the joints, and the movement of the latter is used by generators to convert kinetic energy into electricity.

As for small hydroelectric plants, they are generally "run-of-the-river": that is, the turbine produces electricity when water is available in the river, without any barriers. When the watercourse is lean and the flow falls below a certain predetermined value, the production of energy ceases. This obviously means that small independent plants are not able to supply energy continuously, unless they are sized in such a way as to always have enough water to function, or storage basins are built.

Furthermore, wave-based experimental power plants have so far created some problems for the landscape. In fact, to avoid large energy losses, the power stations must be located near the consumption centers (eg coastal cities, islands, etc.), disfiguring the view of the marine horizon. The impact on the landscape was removed only by using submerged power plants. The new plants resemble a series of buoys anchored to the seabed, completely submerged and therefore invisible. The continuous wave motion subjects the floating cylinders to movement, generating electricity.

3. The innovative idea, the principles and the technology used

The present invention can be represented with the block diagram shown in Table 1. It can be thought of as the set of 4 subsystems (A, B, C and D in Table 1) which synergistically contribute to the generation of electricity by exploiting wave motion (roll and pitch), wind action and temperature differences existing at different altitudes of the seabed. In particular, it is possible to speak of a system for the production of electricity consisting of a vessel consisting of:

- subsystem A, consisting of a hull with swinging and floating arms to detect wave motion, means to convert wave energy into useful mechanical energy, as well as devices to convert this energy into electrical energy.

- subsystem B, consisting of containers with special dissolved gases that “agitated” by the wave motion generate an overpressure which is exploited to activate special gas turbines.

- subsystem C, consisting of a sail system which, when stressed by the wind, sets the vessel in motion within a defined perimeter, allowing special “mills” rotating on the surface of the sea to load some alternators on axis.

- Subsystem D, consisting of clusters of power thermocouples that work by difference in temperatures, and generate energy to power auxiliary and safety services.

The vessel is launched and moored through elastic systems for positioning in the sea, away from the coast, near deep waters and areas with strong currents. With the aid of oscillating arms (suitably designed lever system - Table 7) hinged on the walls of the same vessel, it is possible to detect the wave motion and then transfer the kinetic energy of the wave front, with movement of the arms and levers, to a potential energy storage system present on the hull.

The storage system (6; Table 2) stores potential energy and, through a series of suitably designed band springs and joints, sets some shafts in motion.

The motion of the different shafts is then converted, through a system of toothed wheels and joints (7; Tab. 2), into the unidirectional rotary motion of a single shaft. This motion is transferred, through a crank mechanism (it transforms the rotary motion into an oscillating motion), to a connecting rod which acts as a pendulum (Table 5). The latter is equipped at its end with a permanent magnet (rotor) which, moving in a guide and coil system (stator), generates a magnetic field and therefore an electromotive force that can be used as electrical energy to be transferred to the ground.

In addition, the use of the sail system (able to translate the hull in any direction and bring it back to its original position thanks to on-board adjustment springs), special gases (dissolved in liquid that exploit the emulsion to create overpressures) and depth power thermocouples, creates additional energy both for auxiliary services and to compensate for the power drops due to possible drops in wave motion.

The system devised is such as to allow the generation of energy even with small variations in the wave motion, that is, exploiting even very small wave amplitudes. To do this, it exploits the shape of the hull which will be such as to favor the oscillations even in the face of small stresses, in order to create a relative motion between the hull and the arms (use of the rolling and pitching movements) keeping the entire system in motion. . Furthermore, the arms can be sized in order to make the most of the mathematical relationship relating to the "moment of a force". In fact, given that the moment of a force M = F x b, where "F" is the force of the waves insisting on the floats placed at the ends of the arms of the vessel and "b" is the distance of these floats from the lever fulcrum, defined as the At the desired moment and when the stress force of the waves is known (also variable with the surface of the floats), it is possible to size the arm to obtain the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the system.

In addition to this, the set of levers to transfer the wave motion to the accumulation system will be such as to exploit both the movement of the waves in the increasing and decreasing phase, that is, both when the arms have an upward movement thanks to the force of the waves. , which when they go down under the force of gravity. The invention also solves the problems related to the non-constancy and unpredictability of the waves themselves, since it is able to collect energy (through oscillating arms), accumulate it and gradually transform it into electrical energy, thus ensuring a constant supply. The energy generated by the special gases and the sailing system will help maintain a constant supply of electricity.

The sailing system, in addition to contributing to the generation of energy (as we will see later), gives the whole an appearance similar to that of a sailboat, minimizing the impact on the landscape.

This system can be sized at will, with reduced costs being a hull essentially devoid of high technologies, furnishings, etc., and it is therefore possible to use the invention in question both to generate large quantities of energy and for low-power contexts, such as islands. where it is often difficult to get long cables from the mainland. For what has been said, the operation of this system represents an innovation compared to the systems present to date and referred to in par. 2.

4. Implementation of the application (constituent elements and operation)

It was considered appropriate to describe below the invention of the present invention in its basic structure and indicate the possible variants that can allow to optimize the invention. Furthermore, the attached tables show the basic design and the details of some applicable details or variants.

4.1 Hull

The floating hull (1; Tab. 2) constitutes the structure on which the whole system is placed, the oscillating arm system (2-3; Tab.

2), the sailing system (12; Tab. 3) and the special gas containers (14; Tab. 2). It is designed to facilitate relative movement with respect to the arms in order to also amplify wave motion situations with reduced wave amplitude (small stresses).

4.2 Swinging arms

The system involves the use of oscillating arms (2-3; Table 2) with floats (4; Table 2) which, through a system of levers, detect the wave motion of the waves to transfer it to a potential energy storage system located on the hull. The number of oscillating arms can vary according to the size of the vessel and the choice of exploiting only the contributions of the wave movement due to rolling or even those due to pitching.

The typical swing arm that will be used consists of:

a primary lever (2; Table 2 and Table 3), on one side hinged to the hull and on the other connected to the floats (4; Table 2).

a secondary lever (3; Tab. 2), with three fixed points. A first for attachment to the primary lever, a second for attachment to a hinge on the hull (5; Tab. 3) and a third connection point to a shaft (10; Tab. 4) fixed internally to the hull and which in turn is connects with the potential energy storage system (spring system). This lever is made up of a series of connecting rods (3a; Tab. 3) and one (3b; Tab. 3-4) or two "ratchet wrenches" (3c; Tab. 4). The set of connecting rods is assembled in such a way as to maximize the amplitude of the rotation angle of the "ratchet" (see Table 7) during each phase of ebb and flow, or rather in the high and low wave front. In this way the loading of the spring system is obtained even with small movements of the main lever (small amplitude of the wave motion). The ratchet wrench is made up of an operating rod with a ratchet mechanism, it allows you to tighten (load the spring) if rotated in one direction and to turn freely if rotated in the other.

The secondary lever system with a "ratchet wrench" (3b; Table 3-4) will be able to exploit the movement of the waves during the ascent phase and therefore will involve a clockwise loading of the springs, instead of using a second “ratchet wrench” (3c; Tab. 4) with reverse operation to the previous one, also allows to take advantage of the descent phase and therefore to load a different left-handed spring system. In this way it will be possible to exploit both the ebb and flow of the wave motion without losing any stress, in order to accumulate the maximum possible potential energy. Briefly, the undulatory movement of the sea stresses the swinging arms through the action of the waves on the floats, in this way each arm is subjected to a force which, through the set of levers described, is transferred to the "ratchet" which in turn It "charges" the potential energy storage system (6; Table 2). When the force of the wave motion fails, the arms subjected to the force of gravity return to the "rest" position. In fact, the system of levers is such as to apply a twisting moment to the spring assembly when the float is subjected to an upward force and turns idle when this force is lacking (vice versa for the second ratchet wrench) and is subjected to to the force of gravity alone.

The described invention can provide, in addition to a leverage system that uses the rolling movement (rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis), also a similar system that uses the pitching system (rotation with respect to the transverse axis). An example of the front and rear arms is shown in Table 9, It differs from the lateral ones for the shape of the floats, which is such as to ensure a better adjustability of the vessel during its movement.

4.3 Potential energy storage system

The potential energy storage system (6; Table 2) transforms the kinetic energy of the swinging arms into potential energy and, subsequently, converts this energy back into a rotary motion.

The potential energy storage system consists of a set of springs joined together by viscous joints. The operation is such that the first spring is loaded (thanks to the action of the "ratchet wrenches") and transfers its motion to the following springs through some joints, when all the springs should be loaded the joints are such as to cause slip the springs together in order to avoid excessive compression and therefore breakage. The energy accumulated by the "springs and joints" system is transferred to a shaft that begins to rotate (10; Table 4). In this way the potential energy of the springs is transformed into the kinetic energy of a rotating shaft. The springs and joints present (with purely mechanical clockwork type gears) will be calibrated and sized to ensure uniform and continuous shaft rotation.

4.4 Apparatus for converting the rotary motion of several shafts into the rotary motion of a shaft - mechanical converter

The set of rotating shafts (set in motion by the different spring and joint systems) are engaged in an apparatus called "mechanical converter" (7; Table 2) capable of converting the different incoming rotational motions into the unidirectional rotational motion of a single shaft (8; Tav. 2), which is inserted into the "pendulum system" (9; Tav. 2 and Tav. 5). This apparatus will consist of a set of friction joints, shafts and toothed wheels designed to suitably calibrate the different rotational motions coming from the energy storage systems and rotate a single shaft.

4.5 Mechanism of conversion of rotary motion

The shaft coming out of the previous system (8; Table 2) is inserted in a mechanism for converting the rotary motion into oscillatory motion of a pendulum through a special "crank mechanism" (Table 5). In particular (see Table 5), the rotating shaft (8; Table 2) keyed in point "x" rotates the connecting rod "A", forcing the connecting rod "B" to rotate-translational movement, which in turn, it causes the connecting rod "C" to oscillate (thanks to the connecting rods "D") with respect to the fixed "y" point.

In this way the rotation of the "x" point turns into an oscillation of the "z" point (where a magnet is placed) around "y".

The mechanism is such as to give the connecting rod a motion equal to that of a pendulum having a rotation angle of 142 ° and oscillation frequencies that can vary from 20 to 200 cycles per minute. This pendulum system is engaged on the hull through a special fixing rod (11; Tab. 3).

4.6 Device for converting oscillatory motion into energy

The pendulum system with permanent magnet (Table 5) is inserted in a device formed by guides and coils inserted on the hull. Since the movement of the pendulum is oscillatory, the coil system will be semicircular in shape parallel to the direction traveled by the pendulum, forming a system of the "rotor / stator" type.

When the pendulum is in motion, the permanent magnet placed at its end (rotor) moves with respect to the coil system (stator), thus generating an electromotive force which causes an electric current to circulate in the coil circuit.

Operation follows the logic of a linear motor / alternator as represented in Table 6. The system thus constituted is nothing more than an alternator capable of generating electrical energy which can be single-phase but, if necessary, also poly-phase. This energy can be drawn directly through a cable to earth or be stored.

It is possible to use a pendulum with several magnets spaced at an appropriate angle, in order to make the most of the small oscillations of the pendulum by creating a multi-pole alternator, such as to modulate the frequency and the waveform of the voltage and current. generated.

4.7 Sail system

What we call a sailing system consists of a structure of sails (12; Plate 3) that uses the wind to set the vessel in motion and, therefore, allows some revolving mills present on the hull (13; Plate 4) to rotate thanks to the thrust of the water caused by the translation movement of the vessel on the same surface of the sea. The mills rotate alternators keyed on the same axis, and therefore, further electricity is generated. This energy is used to charge special batteries to be exploited both for auxiliary services and to compensate for moments of resizing of the wave motion. The operation requires that the hull is anchored to the seabed in a non-rigid way. We want to connect to the hull some cables with adjustment springs that allow a certain mobility. More specifically, this mobility is exploited to generate further electricity, by means of the sail structure (12; Table 3) which displaces the wind energy to move the vessel and the rotating mills (13; Table 4) which are connected on a one-way joint, take advantage of the movement on the surface of the sea, and go to charge two alternators. In particular, one or more masts with fixed sails and rotating base are mounted on the hull (Table 9). These trees are able to position themselves in the direction of the wind, detected by special sensors. The wind makes the hull move, the mills begin to spin and therefore to draw more energy. Each mill engages on a one-way joint capable of loading the alternator in any direction the hull moves (any direction of rotation of the mills). The motion of the boat (and therefore its displacement) allows the springs to be loaded which, once loaded, will activate a repositioning system of the sails, such as to make the mast rotate through various kinematics and electro-consensus, putting them in a "cut" (parallel) to the wind. At this point the repositioning springs are released, bringing the hull back to its original position. The hull will move for a defined distance and then return to its previous position. The cables that connect the hull with the seabed in an elastic way allow you to manage the movements of the vessel and activate the mast-sails systems.

4.8 Special gas containers, which react thanks to the movement Sideways to the hull, in special brackets (15; Table 3), will be placed some containers with special gases, dissolved in particular liquids (14; Table 2), which thanks to the movement waves, are agitated and generate overpressure (application of dynamic gas principles), this pressure increase is exploited (through appropriate valves and ducts) to power gas turbines which are in turn connected to alternators. The electricity generated by this gas and turbine system allows you to charge special batteries to be used for auxiliary services or to compensate for moments of resizing of the wave motion.

4.9 Power thermocouples

To power the auxiliary services on board, power thermocouples can also be used, which make it possible to exploit the energy of the sea thanks to the temperature difference between the water on the surface and that present at different depths. Everything is based on the operating principle of a coupling of conductive metals of different types which, subjected to a thermal gradient, generate a potential difference. This potential difference is exploited to generate additional electric current.

4.10 Additional elements

In addition to what has been described, a series of regulation spring sensors, batteries, accumulators and everything necessary for the management of auxiliary services will be installed on the hull.

Furthermore, as an alternative or in conjunction with the “spring-joints-pendulum” system, it is possible to use systems with inert gas. These systems consist of a plunger that compresses a gas inside a cylinder, the gas under pressure is then taken (through special valves) and used to power a very high-speed gas turbine connected to an alternator to generate electricity ( realization of an elastic gas containment system with a micro-tapping).

Alternatively or in addition to the potential energy storage system described in the previous paragraphs, it is possible to store the kinetic energy of the waves with a further mechanical system consisting of springs, levers, joints, etc., capable of lifting the sea water and pour it into a floating tank at the minimum height suitable to feed, by gravity, one or more Pelton-type turbines (> 1 m.).

4.11 Conclusions

It is clear that wave energy is an extremely abundant renewable energy source all over the planet. Wanting to provide some calculation elements, just think that the energy produced by the waves is proportional to the square of the wave's amplitude (measured in meters) and of the wave's movement period (measured in seconds). A wave with an amplitude of 2 meters and a period of 7-10 seconds can generate 40-50 kW for each meter of the wave crest (measured longitudinally). Each meter of wave front can develop an average of 70 kW offshore and 20 kW below the coast. The wave motion system can be an ideal solution to meet the energy needs in isolated structures without the aid of kilometer-long submarine cables, as well as being usable for a gradual replacement of systems powered by depleted energy, wind and large photovoltaic systems. environmental impact.

The system described in the previous paragraphs will be able to produce energy constantly, exploiting a renewable and potentially inexhaustible source of energy, it will not be limited in the power that can be generated since the latter depends on the size you want to give to the vessel and its elements. This system will be able to work 24 hours a day thanks to the energy storage system. The exploitation of this invention is extremely convenient from an economic point of view, the renewable energy and the reduced environmental and landscape impact.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS The applicant claims the rights provided by law and jurisprudence in the field of intellectual property for: 1. the "system for converting energy from wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)" consisting of all, one or more of the following systems / mechanisms / devices: a hull (1; Table 2); an oscillating arm system (2-3; Tab. 2) with floats (4; Tab. 2); a potential energy storage system (6; Table 2); an apparatus for converting the rotary motion of several shafts into the rotary motion of a single shaft - mechanical converter (7; Tab. 2); a mechanism for converting the rotary motion into oscillatory motion of the pendulum (9; Table 5); a device for converting the oscillatory motion of the pendulum into electrical energy (Table 6); a sail structure capable of setting the system in motion (12; Table 3); a system of rotating mills with on-axis alternators (13; Table 4); a series of special dissolved gas containers (14; Table 2) connected to gas turbines with on-axis alternators; clusters of special alloy thermocouples for battery charging and a series of other devices for the operation of auxiliary services. 2. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to the previous claim, characterized by the fact that the hull (1; Table 2) is designed in such a way as to amplify the relative motion with respect to the swinging arms. 3. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a series of oscillating arms (2-3; Tab. 2) with floats (4; Table 2) that, when solicited by the waves of the sea, are able to transfer the energy of the wave motion to a potential energy storage system (6; Table 2) of unlimited power, the "system for converting the energy of the wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station) ", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that the oscillating arms (2-3; Tab. 2) consist of a primary lever (2; Tab. 3) and a secondary lever (3a-3b; Tab. 3). 5. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary lever is formed by a series of connecting rods (3a; Table 3 ) and a ratchet wrench (3b; Tab. 3-4) able to load the spring when it rotates in one direction and to turn freely in the opposite direction. 6. the "system for converting wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the lever system can also provide for the use of a double ratchet wrench (3c; Tab. 4) which performs a complementary task to the single wrench (3b; Tab. 4), in the sense that one uses a right-hand lever and the other a left-hand lever to charge the potential energy storage systems both in the ascent phase and in the descent phase of the arm with respect to the hull. the "system for converting wave energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the system can provide for the use of additional levers (Table 9) located at the stern and in the bow to exploit, in addition to the roll, also the pitching motion. 8. the "system for converting wave motion energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the front and rear levers (table 9) are equipped with shaped floats such as to ensure a stable orientation of the vessel when it is in motion. 9. the "system for converting wave energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a potential energy storage system (6; Table 2 ) formed by a series of springs and viscous joints capable of accumulating kinetic energy and then transferring it constantly. 10. the "system for converting energy from wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the conversion apparatus (7; Table 2) of the rotary motion of several shafts in the rotary motion of a single shaft is made with a set of joints, shafts and toothed wheels that transfer and appropriately calibrate the different rotary motions coming from the various shafts connected to the input springs and rotates a single output shaft (8; Tab. 2). 11. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the transformation of the rotary motion into oscillatory motion of the pendulum is guaranteed by a "crank mechanism ”(Plate 5) which sets a pendulum in oscillation; 12. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the pendulum is equipped at its lower end with a permanent magnet (Table 5 ). 13. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the pendulum with permanent magnet (rotor) which moves with respect to a set of guides and coils present on the hull (stator), generating electrical energy (Table 6) is nothing more than a linear alternator. 14. the "system for converting wave motion energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that it is possible to make the most of small oscillations by creating a multi-pole linear alternator made with a multi-pendulum crank mechanism with permanent magnets. 15. the "system for converting wave energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the hull will be anchored to the seabed in a non-rigid way but using cables with springs adjustment to give the vessel a certain mobility. 16. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that it allows to generate further electrical energy, thanks to a sail structure (12; Tav 3) which exploits wind energy to move the hull and rotate special mills on the surface of the sea (13; Plate 4). 17. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the rotating mills, on the surface of the sea, are connected to alternators in axis through unidirectional joints (Table 8), in order to generate additional electricity. 18. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the sail system is governed by special sensors that direct the sails in the direction of the wind to set the hull in motion and by adjusting springs that bring the sails to "cut" (parallel) with respect to the wind to bring it back to its initial position. 19. the "system for converting wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that some containers with special dissolved gases are mounted on the hull (14; Table 2 ). 20. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the special gases stressed by the wave motion create an overpressure inside the containers which it is used to power gas turbines in order to generate additional electricity. 21. the "system for converting wave motion energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the system is equipped with cluster power thermocouples immersed in the sea capable of take advantage of the temperature difference to generate electricity. 22. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more previous claims, characterized by the fact that the sailing system, the containers with special gas, the power thermocouples, generate additional electrical energy which will be stored in special batteries both to power on-board auxiliary services and to supply energy in addition to that generated by the oscillating arm system. 23. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to use, in addition to or replace the spring / joint / pendulum system , an inert gas system connected to a gas turbine and an alternator to generate electricity. 24. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that to produce further energy it is possible to use, in addition, a system capable of collect water in special tanks to power Pelton-type turbines. 25. the "system for converting the energy of wave motion into electrical energy (Marine energy station)", according to the previous claim (23), characterized by the fact that the tanks are filled thanks to the use of a mechanical system formed by springs , levers and couplings. 26. Any other system and / or element that can be considered configured, contained or derived from the systems / mechanisms / devices underlying the "system for converting wave motion energy into electrical energy (Marine Energy Station)" referred to in this application patent.