ITMI970777A1 - COOLING DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR COOLING EXTRUDED OBJECTS - Google Patents

Description

Description of the patent for industrial invention entitled:

"Cooling device and method for cooling extruded objects"

The present invention relates to a device and a process for cooling and possibly calibrating extruded plastic objects extended in length, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 26.

A method is known for cooling and possibly for the calibration of extruded plastic objects extending in length, according to the German Patent DE 195 04 981 A1 of the same Applicant. In this process, and in the relative device, the object to be cooled and calibrated is exposed, during its movement in the longitudinal direction, respectively in the direction of the extrusion, in partial areas that follow one another, of its external surface, to a different vacuum. The cooling in the successive zones or portions by means of a different vacuum is carried out by means of a liquid refrigerant which "washes" the object, by means of which the heat that must be removed for cooling the object is removed. The different zones or portions are separated from each other by diaphragms positioned in planes aligned perpendicular to the direction of extrusion, through which the object passes into openings, respectively in through holes adapted to its external circumference. The coolant is transported through these zones due to the increasing vacuum in the zones which follow one another in the extrusion direction and passes substantially transversely or obliquely relative to the extrusion direction over a large part of the surface of the object. Despite the improved contact thanks to this, and despite the high exchange of the quantity of liquid refrigerant which arrives directly in contact with the object, the cooling of the object obtained is not sufficient in all cases of realization.

Other known devices and similar processes are also described by the European Patent Applications EP 0659 536 A2 and EP 0659 537 A2 as well as by the German Patent DE 19 36 428 A and by the European Patent Application EP 0487 778 Bl. In all systems and in all devices known up to now it was disadvantageous that at least 50% of the entire cooling path was necessary to remove the relatively small amount of heat from the inside of the section and from the ribs arranged therein respectively from the areas or portions of it.

The task underlying the present invention is that of allowing rapid, tension-free cooling of extruded objects, in particular of hollow sections.

This task is solved thanks to the characteristic features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that objects with different thickness and bracing, in particular hollow sections with ribs, can be cooled in a uniform manner. This is achieved thanks to the fact that the cooling rate, in the areas of higher heat concentration of the object, is, due to the greater quantity of thermal energy removed in these areas or portions, substantially as high as that which occurs in the areas of lower concentration of heat, due to the lower amount of heat removed. Thanks to this withdrawal oriented towards the surrounding environment of the object to be cooled, it is possible to obtain a reduction in the cooling path or an increase in the crossing speed of the object to be cooled.

A further embodiment defined in claim 2 is also advantageous since, thanks to the selected extrusion speed as well as thanks to the corresponding geometry of the section, it is possible to favorably influence the mechanical parameters of the section to be cooled, therefore, seen through the cross section of the profile, it is possible to obtain, for example, better resistance values or parameters.

An embodiment such as that defined in claim 3 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, depending on the selected profile of the profile, or on the arrangement of the ribs inside the profile, it is possible to carry out a targeted heat removal. , respectively, a removal of heat from the piece.

With the embodiment defined in claim 4 it is possible for the coolant lying in the housing directly in connection with the heat absorption of the object to remove heat in cooperation with the coolant circulating through the cooling elements.

According to a further variant embodiment defined in claim 5, thanks to the proximate or direct arrangement of the individual heat removal devices, a targeted heat dissipation of the object is obtained whereby, even on each surface portion with lower heat concentration, it is obtained removed a sufficient amount of heat

An improvement according to claim 6 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, the refrigerant, before taking or absorbing heat in a targeted manner, is cooled to even lower temperatures in order to thus obtain, by using gaseous refrigerants, such as air, having a low thermal capacity, similarly a good cooling action.

In the embodiment defined in claim 7, it is advantageous that, thanks to this, the coolant has a direct outlet direction on the surface portions with higher thermal concentration, so that heat removal can be achieved in a better and targeted way. .

Thanks to the improvement defined in claims 8 and 9, it is achieved that the coolant, after having removed heat in a targeted manner, and having touched the object, is sent to channels separated from it by a zone in the directly following zone and, in this case , possibly being further cooled.

An embodiment such as that defined in claim 10 is also advantageous since, thanks to the simple and easy workability of the individual elements, it is possible to easily, and at low cost, realize the shaping and arrangement of the individual channels, and therefore it is possible to obtain, for each possible cross section of the profile, an optimal and better cooling effect.

According to an embodiment defined in claim 11, an increase in the exit speed of the coolant is obtained and, thanks to this nozzle-like effect, punctually precise cooling is obtained.

In this case, an embodiment according to claim 12 is advantageous since, thanks to it, losses of frigories from the inside of the housing are safely prevented or a penetration of heat from the outside of the housing into the space or internal compartment on the workpiece. cool on the refrigerant respectively.

According to an advantageous improvement defined in claim 13, obtained, on the one hand, by means of a narrowing of the passage cross section, the coolant passes in front of the object to be cooled more rapidly, respectively with greater speed and, on the other hand, being carried more close to it so that, in these surface portions, a greater cooling behavior, or cooling efficiency, is obtained.

However, an embodiment such as that defined in claim 14 is also advantageous, since, thanks to the different phases or different states of aggregation, for a phase variation, a greater quantity of heat must be supplied or removed, and therefore this can be removed from the object to be cooled without modifying the entire system. Furthermore, thanks to the solid phase of the coolant, in particular in the case of ice, a better heat removal from the object is obtained.

According to claims 15 and 16, in the mantle area of the object those surface portions are fixed in which, from the ribs or from the hollow chambers arranged inside the object, a high concentration of thermal energy is applied to them, so that a the arrangement or the correlation of the individual cooling elements of the heat removal device must correspond accordingly.

In this case, an embodiment such as that defined in claim 17 is also possible, thanks to which an increase in the cooling power of the whole system is obtained in a simple way since, in equal time units, it is possible to pass in front to the object to be cooled, a multiple quantity of refrigerant.

The embodiment according to claim 18 allows, thanks to the high latent heat, to absorb a maximum quantity of thermal energy, respectively to dispose of a maximum quantity of thermal energy by the object.

The embodiment defined in claim 19 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, damage to the surface of the section is safely avoided, and since, for the flow rate of the coolant, a lower expenditure of energy is required.

However, an embodiment such as that of claim 20 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, it is possible to omit the realization of complex cooling diagrams, so that a lower cost embodiment is obtained, as well as a more targeted heat removal.

A further embodiment according to claim 21 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, it is possible to obtain a high cooling power, or a high heat removal from the region of the object.

In addition, an embodiment such as that defined in claims 22 and 23 is also advantageous since, thanks to it, a large amount of heat is removed from the cooling medium, thanks to the low temperatures of the cooling or cooling medium, and in this way the medium coolant has a high absorption capacity for the heat of the object.

With the embodiment defined in claim 24, a fall of the section during its passage through the cooling device is avoided.

According to a further variant embodiment defined in claim 25, it is safely avoided that the viscous plastic object swells at the inlet region of the cooling device.

The invention also relates to a method for cooling a length-extending extruded object as defined in the preamble of claim 26.

This process is characterized by the characteristic features of claim 26 itself. In this case, it is advantageous that, thanks to the different removal or disposal speeds, respectively thanks to the concentration of thermal energy connected therewith, the profile, or the object, seen through its cross section, receives a substantially uniform cooling. Furthermore, thanks to the targeted heat removal from the object, a substantially uniform heat removal seen through the cross section occurs, so that, in the area of connection of the ribs in the interior of the profile, it cannot occur in the mantle portion , a subsequent delivery of heat from such areas or portions.

However, a procedure such as that defined in claim 27 is also advantageous, since, seen through the cross section of the profile of the object, it is possible to safely avoid the formation and occurrence of non-uniform stresses.

A further high heat removal is obtained thanks to the procedure defined in claim 28.

Finally, by means of the operating process defined in claim 29, a more uniform heat dissipation is obtained, as seen in the longitudinal direction of the object, whereby a distortion of the object is certainly additionally avoided.

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to various embodiments, possibly autonomous, and illustrated in the drawings.

In such drawings:

Fig. 1 illustrates an extrusion plant with a cooling device according to the present invention, and possibly with a calibration device, in side view and in a simplified schematic representation;

Fig. 2 illustrates a possible variant embodiment of a cooling or refrigeration plant, according to the present invention, and possibly a calibration device, possibly autonomous, in a sectional front view;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of another cooling and possibly calibration device, possibly autonomous, in an embodiment of the same according to the invention, in partially sectioned axonometric representation;

Fig. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the cooling device, and possibly a calibration device, in a sectional front view;

Fig. 5 illustrates a zone or partial portion of another embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention, possibly autonomous, and optionally of a calibration device in a sectional front view;

Fig. 6 illustrates a further variant embodiment of a cooling device according to the present invention, possibly autonomous and possibly of a calibration device, in a side view, in section, along the line VI-VI of Fig. 7, and partially cutaway;

Fig. 7 shows a partial area of the cooling and possibly calibration device, in a sectional front view along the line VII-VII of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 illustrates another autonomous embodiment of a cooling and possibly calibration device, in a sectional side view;

Fig. 9 illustrates a further variant embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention, possibly autonomous, possibly for calibration, in a sectional front view; And

Fig. 10 illustrates a further zone of the cooling and possibly calibration device according to Fig. 9, which is directly subordinate to the zone represented in Fig. 9 itself.

Fig. 1 shows an extrusion plant 1, consisting of an extruder 2, an extrusion tool 3 connected downstream of it, and a calibration table 4 arranged downstream of the latter, on which respectively in which additional devices are fitted. In the direction of extrusion, dregs 5, downstream from the calibration table 4 there is a tracked extractor 6 represented in a schematic and simplified way, by means of which an object 7, for example a plastic profile for the structure or frame of a window , can be extracted starting from the extrusion tool 3 by means of conforming or shaping respectively cooling devices which will be described in more detail below. The extruder 2, the calibration table 4 and the tracked extractor 6, as well as further plants and devices subordinate to them, such as saws and the like, are arranged on a support surface 8, schematically represented, so as to be supported by it. Furthermore, in the area of the calibration table 4, it is schematically indicated that this is mounted, by means of movable rollers 9, on a longitudinal movable rail 10 of the extrusion device, arrow 5. In order to be able to carry out this adjustment movement in the simplest and most precise way possible, one of the rollers 9 is associated with a drive 11 which allows a targeted and controlled longitudinal movement of the calibration table 4 towards the extruder 2 or away from the extruder 2. For the actuation and control of this mobile control 11 it is possible to use solutions known to the state of the art.

The calibration table 4 serves to accommodate respectively supporting further devices shown between the extrusion tool 3 and the tracked extractor 6. Thus, downstream of the extrusion tool 3, arrow 5 is arranged directly in the direction of extrusion. a calibration device 12, such as for example a vacuum calibration device, which is mounted on the calibration table 4. The calibration device 12 is formed, in this embodiment, by three calibration tools 13 to 15 arranged in cascade, in which the calibration of the extruded object can be carried out in a known way 7. In this case, the arrangement of the vacuum slots, the cooling portions and the cooling holes, as well as their connections, can be made according to the state of the art Note. Such a calibration may include, for example, a combination of dry and wet calibration respectively only a complete dry calibration. Furthermore, it is also possible to completely prevent access of ambient air starting from the extrusion tool 3 up to the outlet of the calibration device 12.

Directly downstream of the calibration tool 15 of the calibration device 12 there is a cooling or refrigeration device 16, which can possibly also be used simultaneously as a calibration device and which, in this embodiment, consists of two chambers cooling units 17 respectively 18 arranged in cascade, through which the object 7 to be cooled is also guided, and thus representing a crossing path for the latter. Naturally, however, it is also possible to provide the cooling device 16 with a single cooling chamber to satisfy the necessary cooling requirements. This depends on the use and field of use of the device

cooling 16, from the object to be cooled

7, as well as from space reports.

The object 17 coming out of the tool of

corresponding extrusion, plasticized and shaped is made of a plastic material 22, that is

stored in the form of respec- tive granules. powder in a storage vessel or housing 23 of the extruder 2, e

which is softened, respectively plasticized correspondingly by means of one or more transport nuts 24 in the extruder 2 and is then extracted from the extrusion tool

3. Said plastic synthetic material 22 has, after exiting the extrusion tool 3,

a predetermined cross-sectional shape

by the extrusion tool 3, which is calibrated and / or cooled correspondingly in the

calibration device 12 connected thereto, until the plastic / viscous object comes

surface cooled to such a degree as to

ensure that its external form is stable,

as well as carried out correspondingly in its overall dimensions. After the calibration device 12, the object 7 passes through the cooling device 16 to obtain further cooling and possibly a calibration and to establish the final configuration of the cross section of the object 7.

In this case, the cooling chamber 17 is divided into several portions, respectively zones 25 to 30 arranged in cascade in the direction of the extrusion, arrow 5, and the cooling chamber 18 is also divided into a plurality of portions or zones to be 31 to 36 arranged in cascade in the direction of extrusion, arrow 5. The subdivision of the cooling chambers 17 respectively 18 in the various zones is indicated only schematically, in which the number, respectively the ratios of the dimensions of the portions respectively of the zones from 25 to 36 have been reported by way of example only.

The two cooling chambers 17 respectively 18 are respectively constituted by a casing 37 respectively 38, or housing, preferably airtight, in which a front wall 39 is associated with the inlet area 19, with the transfer area 20 for the cooling 17 a front wall 40 being associated, and a front wall 41 being associated to the cooling hinge 18, and a front wall 42 being associated to the outlet area 21 of the cooling chamber 18.

With this closed embodiment of the cooling chambers 17 respectively 18, these enclose, respectively delimit, an internal space 43 respectively 44. In the case of a single through cooling device 16, it is realized, for example, only in one of the cooling chambers 17, 18, an internal space 45. The individual portions respectively zones 25 to 30, respectively 31 to 36 of the housings 37 and 38 are constituted by support diaphragms from 46 to 50 respectively from 51 to 55 in the internal space 43 respectively 44 of the housings 37 to 38. These individual support diaphragms 46 to 55 serve to respectively support guiding the object 7 which passes through the cooling device 16 to guide the object itself during its further cooling or removing heat therefrom. To this end, both the front walls 39 to 42 as well as the supporting diaphragms 46 to 55 respectively have a through hole 56 which substantially responds to a contour of the section 57 respectively to an enveloping surface of the object 7 which must be cold. In this case, the individual through holes 56 penetrate through the individual front walls 39 to 42 respectively through the support diaphragms 46 to 55 - and represent the contour shape respectively the outer surface for the object 7 to be cooled, in which the individual external dimensions of the individual through holes must be established correspondingly taking into account the extent of the distortion upon cooling of the object 7 as it passes through the cooling device 16 in the direction of the extrusion, arrow 5. This depends on the cross-section configuration respectively choice for object 7 which is to be product-cooled, and which is to be chosen on the basis of technical calculations, respectively from empirical values.

As is also schematically indicated in this figure, in each of the housings 37 respectively 38 of the cooling device 16 there is provided a means, such as for example the coolant 58, which surrounds the object 7 which passes through the cooler 16 and thus removes the heat of the previous extrusion step still contained in the object 7. The coolant 58 can have each phase as for example solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous and can be freely chosen depending on the desired cooling process. Depending on the refrigerant used, the corresponding construction of the cooling device 16 must be granted to the latter.

If, as shown here for example, a liquid coolant 58 is used, such as water, for example, then it can be introduced, for example, into each of the housings 37 respectively 38 in the idle form, therefore without any circulation or transport device. It is also possible, independently from this, to associate to a housing and / or to each housing 37 respectively 38, means, such as for example a real circulation device 59 respectively 60, to ensure for them a corresponding circulation of the refrigerant 58 in the individual housings 37 respectively 38. Thus, each of the circulation devices 59 respectively 60 can comprise a collecting vessel 61, a circulation pump 62 subordinate to any last, as well as possibly a cooling or refrigeration device 63. Furthermore, the area of inlet 19, respectively the zone 25 of the cooling chamber 17, is connected with the circulation device 59 by means of a supply duct 64, and the touch zone 20, respectively the zone 30, "by means of an exhaust duct.

25. The same thing also applies to the area 31 respectively 36 of the cooling chamber 18, which are operatively connected to the circulation device 60 also by means of further supply and discharge ducts 64, 65 respectively. In this way, it is possible to set the coolant 58 in motion in each of the cooling or refrigeration chambers 17 respectively 18 in which, moreover, it is possible to remove this heat by means of the cooling devices 63. It is also possible to associate with the cooling chambers or refrigeration only a single common circulation device 59 respectively 60.

In each of the two chambers 17 respectively 18 there are arranged, as schematically indicated, means such as for example each further device 66 respectively 67 for removing heat in a region of the surface of the object 7 which is to be cooled respectively directly close to the latter. In this case the object 7 is associated, in the cooling device 16 respectively in each of the cooling chambers 17, respectively 18, at least one device 66, 67 for removing or removing the heat. The special arrangement of the individual heat removal devices 66, 67, as well as their construction, will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures. The heat removal devices 66, 67 can be positioned only in zones between the individual support diaphragms 46 to 55 and / or between the front walls 39 and 40 respectively 41 and 42 as well as passing between the front walls 39 and 42. Also the number of heat removal devices 66, 67 depends on the profile of the object 7 to be cooled, and being preferably arranged in those surface portions in which the internal ribs of the profile are connected with the outer shell of the same and represent areas respectively surface portions with a high concentration of thermal energy, from which a high heat removal must be obtained respectively by having to obtain from the profile the thermal energy stored in the object 7. The arrangement of the individual heat removal devices 66, 67 it can also be provided only in one of the cooling chambers 17 and / or 18, respectively also the arrangement ion of the same in the individual cooling chambers being able to be chosen differently with reference to the surface portions of the object 7. However, regardless of this, it is also possible to realize one of the cooling chambers 7 and / or 18 of the cooling device 16 according to one of the embodiments described in the German Patent DE 19504981 A1 of the same Applicant, and to equip only one of the cooling chambers 17 and / or 18 with a corresponding heat removal device 66, 67. With regard to the special embodiment of the housings 37, 38 consisting of base plates, cover plates, side walls, front walls, support diaphragms, dividing walls, longitudinal ribs, the complex of crossing channels, as well as in relation to the realization of the individual areas respectively the washing of the object 7 and the formation of the vacuum related to the interior or of the housings, reference is made to the German Patent DE 19504981 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. In this case, for reasons of greater clarity, a schematic illustration of the individual parts of the system or of the devices has been chosen in this representation.

As is also shown schematically, the two internal spaces 43, 44 of the cooling chambers 17, 18 are evacuated by means corresponding to a degree of vacuum that is mutually different respectively to the atnospheric pressure, in which the vacuum that occurs in the internal space 44 is more severe than the vacuum that occurs in the internal space 43. To this end, the two internal spaces 43, 44 are operationally connected with a suction device 71, for example a vacuum pump 72, through ducts 68, 69 and after interposition respectively of a regulating device 70. In this way it is therefore possible to pre-regulate the two internal spaces 43, 44 to a mutually different vacuum degree by means of the regulating devices 70 and it is possible to signal this regulated vacuum degree with the control devices adjustment 70 also by means of indicator instruments 73, so as to make it possible to check, respectively, read them.

The arrangement shown here of the cooling chambers 17 respectively 18 of the cooling device 16 has been chosen by way of example only, in this it should be mentioned that, of course, it is also possible, using only one cooling chamber and / or more cooling, optimally adapt the length of the cooling path to the object to be cooled respectively to the relative process conditions. The same thing also applies to the arrangement and construction of the heat removal devices 66, 67.

In Fig. 2 a part of the housing 37 of the cooling chamber 17 of the cooling device 16 is represented on an enlarged scale, in which, for the same parts, the same reference numbers as those used in Fig. 1 have been used. The example of embodiment described here provides an easy realization of the cooling device 16, in which the cooling chamber 17 is divided into the individual zones from 25 to 30 by means of the support diaphragms from 46 to 50.

As has already been described above, the cooling device 16 can consist only of a cooling chamber, respectively of several cooling chambers, 17, 18 in which, in this representation, only a partial area of the cooling device has been illustrated and described. cooling 16.

The housing 37 has only been shown schematically and is preferably made in a gas-tight way and consists of a base plate 74, a cover plate 75, side walls 76, 77 arranged between them, as well as front walls 39 40 respectively arranged in the entrance area 19 respectively in the touch area 20, which therefore define, respectively enclose the internal space 43.

The side walls 76, 77, and the front walls 39, 40 of the housing 37 define a support surface 78 for the cover plate 75. On this support surface 78 rests a surface 79 of the cover plate 75 facing the internal space 43 and being spaced, in relation to the arrangement of the side walls 76, 77 with reference to the base plate 74, from a surface 80 facing them and similarly to the internal space 43, by a distance 81 therefrom. The two side walls 76, 77 are spaced from each other, for a width 82 of the base plate 74, seen transversely to the direction of extrusion, so that the internal space 43 is predetermined in its overall dimensions.

The individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 can be inserted respectively pushed for example into recesses 83 respectively 84 provided in the side walls and thus be retained therein. In this case, a width of the individual support diaphragms from 46 to 50 transversely to the extrusion direction greater than the width 82 of the base plate 74 with reference to the depth of the recesses 83 and 84 is preferable. In this way a floating support system is obtained in a direction transverse to the direction of extrusion of the individual support diaphragms, whereby a training of the through holes 56 in the individual support diaphragms with respect to each other with reference to the contour 57 of the object profile 7 is obtained. support of the individual support diaphragms from 46 to 50 the housing 37 can also be made with any configuration known in the state of the art, such as by gluing, with sealing masses, with stop edges, with sealing protrusions, slots, gasket profiles, groove, respectively screws.

A height alignment of the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 with respect to each other is achieved by placing the individual support diaphragms in a plane on the surface 80 of the base plate 74 facing the internal space 43. The individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 have a height 85, measured starting from the base plate 74 up to the cover plate 75, which is less than the distance 81 between the two mutually facing surfaces 79 and 80 respectively. In this way, a difference in height 86 is defined between the two upper edges 87 of the individual support diaphragms 46 to 56 and the support or support surface 78 respectively the surface 79.

As is also shown here, the object 7 comprises a lower side 88 facing the base plate 74 as well as an upper side 89 facing the cover plate 75 which determine a height 90 in the vertical direction to the surfaces 79, 80 for the object 7. Further, the lower side 88 of the object 7 is spaced from the surface 80 of the base plate 74 of a size 91 and the upper side 89 of the object 7 is spaced from the upper edge 87 of the support diaphragm 46 of a size or height 92. In this way, the height 85 of the individual support diaphragms 46 is constituted by the height 90 of the object as well as by the sizes or dimensions 91 and 92.

A schematically indicated level 93 of the coolant 58 is provided in this embodiment for the height between the upper edge 87 of the support diaphragms 46 to 50 and the surface 79 of the cover plate 75 facing the internal space for cooling the object 7. To ensure a slight circulation respectively an exchange of the coolant 58 between the individual zones 25 to 30 inside the cooling chamber 17 / it is also possible to provide in the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50, holes 94 respectively 95 indicated as an example. However, it is also possible to make the width of the support diaphragms, seen in the direction transverse to the extrusion direction, less than the width 82 of the base plate 74 and thus also allow a passage of the coolant 58 between the individual zones 25 to 30 arranged in cascade.

The profile of a possible object 7 shown here only by way of example comprises a shell 36 closed on itself which extends circumferentially with a thickness 97 which, seen circumferentially or peripherally, is preferably made uniform. At this point it must be mentioned that the profiled shape of the object 7 has been chosen as an example from a plurality of possible shapes or configurations of profiles and that the cooling steps which will be described in detail below must be used in a similar manner. on other contours 57 of the profile or profile.

The object 7 is constituted by the closed outer shell 96 with a thickness 97 which extends substantially uniformly peripherally, enclosing a hollow chamber 98. This hollow chamber 98 can be divided by single ribs from 99 to 102 into other chambers of smaller dimensions. In this case, the ribs 99 to 102 have a thickness 103 which is less than the thickness 97 of the skirt 96. In this way, in the area of interconnection and of the ribs 99 to 102, 96 nodal points from 104 to 109 are defined on the skirt, which represent surface portions from 110 to 115 with a high concentration of thermal energy related to the supply of thermal energy from the hollow chamber 98 towards the shell 96 of the object 7.

Due to the large surface area of the shell 96 and the interaction with its thickness 97, a sufficient amount of heat or thermal energy from the shell 96 of the object 7 is already disposed of by the refrigerant 58 surrounding the object 7, so that in correspondence of the critical surface portions from 110 to 115 only the quantity of heat contained in the hollow chamber 98, respectively in the individual ribs from 99 to 102, must be removed. or surface portions 111 to 114 associated with this is the device 66 for removing heat in the form of individual cooling elements 116 to 119 for removing the high and further amount of heat from said surface portions 111 to 114. With this arrangement related to the individual profile as well as to areas of the individual cooling elements 116 to 119 of the heat removal device 66, a certain amount of heat is removed from the coolant 58 so that the other individual surface portions 120 to 123 are also removed from the coolant 58. , with a lower concentration of heat, respectively a lower heat dissipation arranged between the surface portions from 111 to 114 with a higher concentration of energy or heat dissipation, it is possible to remove a sufficient amount of heat. With the arrangement of the individual cooling elements from 116 to 119 of the heat removal device 66, the surface portions from 111 to 114 with high heat dissipation alternate with the surface portions from 120 to 123 with less heat dissipation, in a constant manner , as seen through the cross section of the object 7, and extend in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the extrusion direction, arrow 5, for the entire length of the assembly constituted by the heat removal device 66 respectively 67.

The individual cooling elements or coolants 116 to 119 of the heat removal device 66 in the cooling chamber 17, including, in Fig. 1, for the sake of simplicity only a single cooling element 116 has been shown, can be connected with a circulation device 124 arranged outside the housing 37, consisting of a collecting container 125, a transport pump 126 and possibly a refrigerating or cooling device 127. Furthermore, it is schematically indicated as the cooling element 116 is in flow connection with the circulation device 124 in the inlet area 19 through a supply duct 128 and, in the overflow area 20, through an exhaust duct 129. In this way, a refrigerant 130, shown schematically, can be stored in the collecting vessel 125 after passing through the heat removal device 66 and can be sent subsequently, via the transport pump 126 as well as a possible cooling via the cooling device 127, back to the heat removal device 66 in order to be able to thus remove, via the individual cooling elements 116 to 119 of the heat removal device 66, a greater amount of heat from the associated surface portions from 11 to 114. In this case it is possible to use, for example, a liquid refrigerant that has temperatures below 15 ° C, respectively 0 ° C, preferably between - 15 and 30 ° C .

As is also schematically indicated in proximity to the device 66 for removing the heat in the cooling chamber 18 for a single cooling element 116 this element or these elements can be made as a vaporization tube, in which the refrigerant 130 is fed through a duct supply or delivery 131 to the cooling element 116 in the touch area 20 and here, by means of a vaporization device, being brought from the liquid state to the gaseous state, so that the individual cooling elements 116 to 119 are cooled to lower temperatures at 0 ° C, preferably between -15 ° C and -30 ° C respectively -50 ° C, and thus, further heat can be removed from the refrigerant 58 which is in the cooling chamber. Using liquefied gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., it is also possible to reach temperatures between -60 ° C and - 170 ° C. Further removal of greater amounts of heat in the surface portions 111 to 114 is achieved again and additionally thanks to the cooling action provided by the coolant 58. At the outlet area 21 of the cooling chamber 18 is connected respectively the element is connected respectively the cooling elements 116 with a further circulation device 124 via an exhaust duct 132, including a compressor 133, a heat exchanger 134 subordinate thereto as well as a locking container 135 possibly provided for the refrigerant 130. Thus, the refrigerant 130 present in gaseous form after the evaporation phase in the cooling elements 116 to 119 can be transferred to the liquid phase in the compressor 133 in which, subsequently, in the heat exchanger 134 it is possible to further remove the heat sent to the refrigerant 130 with the phase compression. Temporary storage of the refrigerant 130 takes place in the reserve vessel 135 in which, subsequently, the refrigerant 130 present in liquid form is again fed through the supply duct 131 back to the cooling elements 116 to 119 in the area of the overflow portion 20.

Due to the low temperatures of the cooling elements 116 to 119 of the heat removal devices 66, 67, the coolant 58 for object 7 is further cooled to extremely low temperatures whereby, as schematically indicated in the individual elements 116 to 119, the coolant 58, which is preferably constituted by water, is found in the solid phase, therefore as a layer of ice to the individual cooling elements from 116 to 119 and, in this way, the necessary and high heat dissipation from the portions is guaranteed critical surfaces from 111 to 114. In this case, the ice formed on the individual cooling elements from 116 to 119 assumes a correspondingly inverse shape with respect to the contour 57 of the profile of the object 7 and to the surface portions from 111 to 114. In this way high heat removal is again guaranteed in these surface portions from 111 to 114 to which the cooling elements are associated. Furthermore, due to the relative movement of the object 7 with respect to the cooling elements 116 to 119 and the layers of ice forming thereon, a flow rate of the cooling medium 58 occurs in the form of a thin film, which favors the heat transfer from the object 7 in the direction of the heat remover 66 respectively 67. The flow rate of the coolant 58 inside the housing 37, 38 can occur both in the direction of the extrusion (arrow 5) as well as in the direction opposite to it. The same is true for coolant 130 and cooling elements 116 to 119.

Due to such low temperatures of the coolant 130 within the cooling elements 116 to 119, as well as due to the formation of ice in the area of the individual cooling elements, the coolant 58 is present in two phases, for the coolant 58, still liquid , still has extremely low temperatures close to the freezing point so it is also able to remove large amounts of heat from the surface portions from 120 to 123. If water is used as the coolant 58, then this has a high latent heat capacity , therefore, in passing from one phase to another phase such as for example from the solid phase to the liquid phase, it is necessary to feed the medium and / or remove a large amount of heat from the medium to modify only the phase in which, however, this does not cause a significant variation in the temperature of the entire system.

In the embodiments of the cooling device illustrated here with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the means 58 can be both in the rest state and also be set in motion, causing this means to pass through the device respectively the cooling chambers 17, 18 This depends on the choice of the method of carrying out the relative procedure for the cooling phase chosen for the section, the selection being able to be carried out freely. The individual cooling elements 116 to 119 can be formed by ducts, both rigid as well as flexible pipes with the most diverse cross-sectional configurations, can be guided through openings in the front walls 39 to 42 respectively in the support diaphragms 46 to 55.

As materials for the individual cooling elements 116 to 119 it is possible to use the most diverse materials, such as metals such as steel and / or non-ferrous metals such as alloy steel, copper, etc., respectively plastics, however, are selected to have good heat capacity, a coefficient of thermal expansion adapting to the housing, as well as good corrosion resistance. The distances between the individual cooling elements 116 to 119 and the individual surface portions 110 to 115 on the object 7 depend on the cross section of the profile of the object 7, the concentration of thermal energy to be removed, as well as the selection of the method of carrying out the cooling, and being able to correspond to a value between 1.0 and 50 mm, preferably between 5 and 25 mm. However, it is also possible to provide distances greater than 50 mm.

The housing 37 respectively 38 of the cooling device 16 can further be surrounded on the surface extending from the internal space 43, 44 by insulating elements 136 to thus shield the internal space 43, 44 cooled from the external air surrounding the cooling device thus to protect it from unnecessary heating, the individual insulating elements 136 are in this case associated with the side walls 76, 77 as well as with the cover plate 75. It is also possible to arrange, for example, between the base plate 74 and the table 4, a corresponding pressure-resistant insulating element to prevent, also in this area, a supply of heat from the outside of the housing towards the environment of the cooling device. The insulating materials used in this case can be selected and used according to the state of the art, the choice of the insulating elements 136 agreeing in particular with the removal of heat from the object 7 and enters through the cooling device 16.

As is also indicated by dotted and dashed lines, in the area of the cooling chamber in Fig. 1 it is possible to associate one of the individual areas 25 to 30 arranged in cascade with its own heat removal device 66 which is in active connection or flow with the entire circulation device 124 respectively through its own supply conduit and its own exhaust conduit, with the supply conduit 128 respectively with the common exhaust conduit 129.

Fig. 3 shows another possible and possibly autonomous embodiment of the cooling device 16 with the heat removal device 66 disposed therein, in which, for the same parts, the same reference numbers are used as those used in Figs. 1 and 2. Furthermore, in relation to the construction of the housing 37 for the cooling chamber, as well as in relation to the detailed circulation phase around the object 7, respectively in relation to the passage of the coolant 58 from one zone to the next one reference is made to the German Patent DE 19504 981 A1 with regard to the formation of the vacuum that occurs inside the cooling hinge and it is assumed that this document is incorporated in the present application.

Furthermore, for reasons of simplicity, respectively of greater clarity, the cover plate 75 and the insulating elements 136 have not been illustrated. The same thing also applies to the side walls 76, 77 which have been shown only partially in their extension in height. . In order to be able to ensure the necessary vacuum formation within the housing 37 between the individual zones 25 to 30 in an increasing manner, a separate separating rib is provided in the zone above the support diaphragm with an opening formed in this, which further separates the individual areas from each other relative to the support diaphragms 46 to 50. In order to be able to form the necessary vacuum in the internal space 43 of the housing 37, for example, an opening of its own is arranged in the front wall 39. access for the ambient air respectively having its own closed circuit. The individual zones 25 to 30 cascaded are further connected in an active or flow-through manner by means of passage openings provided in the separating rib in the zone of the cover plate arranged between the upper edge 87 of the support diaphragms and the support plate. cover 75 itself.

The housing 37 of the refrigeration chamber 17 is again constituted by the base plate 74, by the side walls 76, 77, by the cover plate 75 not shown here, and by the front walls 39, 40 also not illustrated, which respectively determine they delimit the internal space 43. The housing 38 of the cooling device can also be made in accordance with the embodiments described here.

The individual zones 25 to 30 between the front walls 39 respectively 40 of the cooling device 16 respectively of the cooling chamber 17 of the housing 37, are delimited, observing in the direction of extrusion, arrow 5, by the support diaphragms 46 to 50 arranged transversely to the direction of extrusion, from the front walls 39, 40 as well as from the side walls 76, 77 of the base plate 74 and of the cover plate 75. The individual zones 25 to 30 have between the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 between the front walls 39, 40, a respectively different length which, preferably, starting from the front wall 39 is made increasing continuously towards the front wall 40. This is moreover necessary since the object 7 which enters the entrance area 19 it is not yet sufficiently rigid or sufficiently strong in its longitudinal extension and therefore must be supported to a greater extent. The individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 can again be inserted respectively applied in recesses 83, 84 of the side walls 76, 77, whereby the floating support system described above is again obtained transversely to the direction of extrusion, arrow 5, for the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50. The individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 have the height 85 which, in this exemplary embodiment, is less than the distance 81 between the surface 80 of the base plate 74 facing the space internal 43 and the support surface 78 formed by the side walls 76, 77 respectively the upper edge formed by the separation ribs. In this way, each of the individual zones 25 to 30 arranged in cascade with respect to each other is realized separately from each other. Furthermore, each of the individual zones 25 to 30 is divided by a plane 137 extending parallel to the two side walls 76, 77 which is arranged approximately in the middle of the width 82 between the two side walls 76, 77 being also directed perpendicular to the surface 80, in two portions 138 respectively 139 arranged on both sides of the plane 137.

Furthermore, each of the individual zones 25 to 30, as seen in the longitudinal direction of the housing 37, is divided between the surface 80 of the base plate 74 and the lower side 88 of the object 7, by a longitudinal rib 140 which is extends to the vicinity of the lower side 88 in a chamber 141 respectively in a washing chamber 142, whereby, in this exemplary embodiment, a passage of the coolant 58 from the chamber 141 to the washing chamber 142 between the surface 80 is mainly prevented of the base plate 74 and the lower side 88 of the object 7. This longitudinal rib 140 extends in the longitudinal direction of the cooling chamber 17 and can be arranged both through as well as only in zones between the support diaphragms 46 to 50. Therefore, the cooling medium 58 positioned in the supply duct 64 enters the chamber 141 of the zone 25 and washes the object 7 in the zone of its upper side. 88 in the direction of the washing chamber 142 as schematically indicated by an arrow. The supply of the cooling medium 58 introduced into the zone 25 takes place in the portion 139 between the side wall 77 and the longitudinal rib 140 through a passage channel 143 obtained in the base plate 74 from the washing chamber 142 to the chamber 141 of the zone 26. For the separation which also takes place in this case of the zone 26 via the longitudinal rib 140 in the chamber 141 and in the washing chamber 142, the coolant 58 washes again the upper side 89 of the object starting from the portion 139 in the portion 138. A flow of the coolant 58 from the zone 26 to the zone 27 directly subordinate to the latter takes place through a further passage channel 144 arranged in the portion 138 in the base plate 74.

This description of the washing step has therefore been extrapolated here only as an example for a plurality of possibilities, in which it must be mentioned that such over-current from a portion 138 to or in the portion 139 close thereto can take place from zone to zone either in an equiverse direction or in the opposite or opposite direction. This depends on the process steps required for the cooling process and can be freely selected.

Therefore, to remove from the object 7, in the surface portions 110 respectively 111, here represented only in a simplified way, again in targeted areas, the quantity of heat transported by the ribs in the direction of the nodal zones, the object 7 is associated with the device for heat removal 66 in the form of two cooling elements 116, respectively 117, by means of which the coolant 130 is set in motion and thus correspondingly cools the two cooling elements 116, 117. With this targeted and zonal arrangement of the cooling elements cooling 116, 117 in the area of the surface portions 110, 111 the coolant 58 which touches the object 7 is further cooled, respectively being directly removed from this heat so that the heat contained in the further surface portions 120, 121 arranged between the portions is also removed surface 110, 111, and therefore the internal object is cooled or at a final temperature lower than the starting temperature. In the case of correspondingly low temperatures of the coolant 130, the coolant 58 can again be present in the two phases, as has already been described in detail with reference to Fig. 1 and 2. Similarly, the circulation devices 59 respectively 60 which have been described above , respectively the circulation device 124, can be positioned at will, or can be combined with each other at will.

With this special selected arrangement of the device 66 for removing the heat from the object 7, heat is removed in a targeted manner in those surface portions 110, 111 which have a high amount of heat compared to the other surface portions 120, 121 and is simultaneously removed also a lot of heat from the coolant 58 which laps the object 7 so that the latter also cools the further surface portions 120, 121. Naturally, the chosen arrangement of two cooling elements has been selected by way of example, in which mention must be made of the the fact that the object 7 is associated, along its entire longitudinal extension, by the cooling device 16, at least one cooling element 116 to 119 of one of the heat removal devices 66, 67. Of course, it is also possible to vary the arrangement of the individual cooling elements from 116 to 119 only in sections from zone to zone, respectively the latter being able to be associated also from zone to zone and / or from cooling chamber to cooling chamber to the different surface portions to be 110 to 114.

Furthermore, the possibility, in an arrangement of this type of the cooling device 16, of constantly increasing the vacuum in the internal space 43 from zone to zone has proved to be advantageous. In this case, the vacuum in the zone 25 can still be extremely low, for example between 0 bar and 0.1 bar, and can be higher for each zone of from 0.002 bar to 0.01 bar and, in the outlet zone 21, it can amount to a value between 0.1 bar and 0 , 5 bar, preferably 0.2 bar. Due to this vacuum contained in the inlet area 19 of the cooling chamber 17, the object 7 still in a viscous-plastic state is not exposed to an excessively high vacuum, so that a change in shape or shape cannot occur due to the vacuum. therefore a swelling of the object 7. With the further rapid cooling of the object 7 which has passed through the cooling device 16, the vacuum can correspondingly increase from zone to zone since, with the progressive cooling, a reinforcement also occurs and therefore a stiffening of the profile.

Fig. 4 shows another possible embodiment, and possibly autonomous in itself, of the cooling device 16, in which the same reference numbers are used for the same parts as those used in Figs. 1 to 3 In the exemplary embodiment shown here, a refrigerant 58 is used which, while passing through the chamber 17 respectively 18, is present in the gaseous phase.

In the present embodiment, the housing 37 of the cooling chamber 17 again consists of the base plate 74, the cover plate 75, the side walls 76, 77 as well as the front walls 39, 40 which respectively define the space 43. Furthermore, the internal space 43 is divided, starting from the front wall 39 in the direction of the extrusion, arrow 5, towards the front wall 40, by supporting diaphragms from 46 to 50 in a plurality of zones which follow one another, 25 to 30. Of course, the embodiments described here also apply to the cooling chamber 18 of the cooling device 16 in which, however, it is also possible to design the cooling device 16 as a through-cooling chamber. in the individual cooling chambers 17, 18 it has been chosen only by way of example, and the selection can be free depending on the case of use respectively by the cooling requirements.

The internal space 43 of the cooling chamber 17 is again divided into the portions 138 respectively 139 by the plane 137 directed parallel to the side walls 76, 77, in which the plane 137 is angled, preferably at right angles, with respect to the two surfaces 79, 80 of the cover plate 75 respectively of the base plate 74. In this plane 137 there is again positioned a longitudinal rib 140 which divides the area 25 into the chamber 121 as well as into the washing chamber 142, in which the coolant 58 which enters through the duct feed 64 licks the object 7, starting from its upper side 89, then the side walls in the section 138 towards its lower side 88, and again the side walls in the portion 139. The longitudinal rib 140 extends in this example embodiment starting from the surface 79 of the cover plate 75 in the direction of the upper side of the object 7. The two surfaces 79, 80 facing each other of the cover plate 75 respectively of the base plate 74 are arranged with respect to each other at a distance 81, in which, starting from the height 85 of the support diaphragms 46 to 50, which is lower at height 81, between the upper edge 87 of the individual support diaphragms and the surface 79 of the cover plate 75, the difference in height 86 is made. For this difference in height 86 is formed between the longitudinal rib 140, the side wall 77, the cover plate 75 and the upper edge 87 of the support diaphragm 46, a passage channel 143 for the cooling medium 58 from the washing chamber 142 of the zone 25 into the chamber 141 of the zone 26. To prevent a passage of the refrigerant medium 58 in the chamber 141 of the portion 138 in the zone 25 in the direction of the zone 26 directly next, between the side wall 76, the longitudinal rib 140, the cover plate 75, and the upper edge 87 of the dia support frame 46 a dividing wall 145 is provided which separates the zone 25 in the portion 138 from the portion 138 of the zone 26. It is also possible to make correspondingly, instead of the dividing wall 145, the individual 46 supporting diaphragms. to 50 with an extension and / or with a recess, in order to obtain in the same way also a separation of the individual zones from 25 to 30. The zone 26 is in active or flow connection with the zone 26 directly next to it by means of a further channel passage 144 in portion 138.

In order to be able to optimally cool the surface of the object 7 by means of the gaseous refrigerant medium 58, in the two portions 138 respectively 139 there is a respective inserted element 146, 147 each executed in such a way as to form between the surface of the object 7 and the surfaces facing it of the elements 146, 147, a passage channel 148 with a section respectively a passage width 149. This passage width 149 is preferably formed by a uniform distance between 1 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm through which a uniform passage is obtained or a uniform washing of the object 7 in the area of its surface by the cooling medium 58. This cooling of the shell 96 of the object 7 is obtained with the cooling medium 58 is sufficient to dispose, through the cooling medium 58, the amount of heat or the thermal energy contained therein. Furthermore, in the case of the profile chosen here of the object 7, it can be observed that from the two nodal zones 104, 105 which form the main connection points of the ribs arranged in the hollow chamber 98, a considerable amount of heat is fed into the shell 96, for to which surface portions 110, 111 are again made with a high quantity of heat or a high concentration of thermal energy. In this embodiment example, only these two surface portions 110, 111 have been chosen as an example and for greater clarity for the further more detailed description, in which, of course, it is possible to associate each other nodal zone respectively with other surface portions with high heat collection or accumulation the corresponding heat reduction device 66 in the form of the cooling elements 116, 117.

The cooling element 116 of the heat removal device 66 associated in the portion 138 with the surface portion 110 is arranged so that the cooling cooling medium 58 which enters through the passage channel 148, before impacting the surface portion 110, is cooled to a lower temperature and therefore can remove a greater amount of heat from the surface portion 110. Furthermore, in direct connection with the cooling element 116 it is schematically indicated that the length 149 respectively the passage cross section of the channel 148 is reduced to the cross section 151 by a diaphragm 150 indicated schematically, the section being smaller than the passage opening 149. With this reduction of the passage opening 149 to the cross section 151, as well as with the cooling element 116 arranged upstream, on one side the cooling medium 58 cools to a greater extent before it reaches the surface section 110 and, by means of this narrowing, an increase in the speed of transit or passage of the coolant 58 is achieved, so that it is possible to remove the further greater quantity of heat from this nodal area 104 of the object 7. Furthermore, by positioning the diaphragm 150, a further, closer conveyance of the coolant 58 onto the surface of the object 7 is achieved, so that this effect is further strengthened since, for the same time, a greater quantity of the coolant 58 is made to pass in front of this surface portion 110.

The further arrangement of the cooling element 17 as well as of the diaphragm 150 associated with it in the portion 139 for the surface portion 111 is made corresponding to that of the embodiment which has already been described in detail for the surface portion 110. In this way, the refrigerating medium 58, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated and described here, by licking the object 7 in each of the individual zones 25 to 30, is correspondingly cooled by crossing the channel 148 so that also the surface portions 120, 121 with a respectively minor lower heat dissipation, are cooled to a sufficient degree. The action of lapping the object 7 by the cooling medium 58 takes place in this case in the zones 25 to 30 which follow each other directly, preferably respectively in counter-current to prevent cooling only on one side, and therefore a distortion of the object 7. It is also possible to foresee a sense of equivocal flow.

In the other nodal zones 106, 107 arranged inside the object 7 it is represented in a simplified way that, also in these zones, it is possible to realize a narrowing of the cross section respectively of the opening 149 for the passage of the channel 148 also in this case with further diaphragms 150. A correlation, respectively a provision of further cooling elements of the heat removal device is not provided in these areas since, in these surface portions, it is sufficient to remove or dispose of the high amount of heat respectively of the thermal energy correlated to the narrowing of the cross section of the passage port 149 and to the increase in speed of the cooling medium 58 due to this. However, of course, it is also possible to associate refrigeration elements with these areas to obtain greater heat removal.

The coolant elements 116, 117 shown here are again traversed by the coolant 130, which can be selected on the basis of the previously described embodiments and which can be present in the liquid and / or gaseous state. In this case it is advantageous for the refrigerant 130 to have a temperature lower than 0 ° C, preferably between -15 ° C and -30 ° C, respectively -50 ° C. However, temperatures down to -170 ° C are also possible. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the arrangement of the longitudinal rib 140 between the cover plate 75 and the upper side 89 of the object 7 constitutes only one of the many possibilities and that, of course, it is also possible to position the latter between the cover plate. base 74 and the object and / or between the side walls 76, 77 and the object 7. A multiple arrangement of longitudinal ribs 140 is also possible. insulators in which, however, depending on this, it is also possible to equip the housing 37 on its outer side additionally with the insulating elements 136 which have been described above. A further arrangement of other cooling elements such as ribbed tubes is described in one of the following figures.

In Fig. 5 there is shown, as in Fig. 4, a similar embodiment of the housing 37 of the cooling chamber 17 for the cooling device 16, in which the same reference numbers have been used for the same parts. This embodiment described here may possibly represent in itself an autonomous solution according to the present invention for the heat removal device 66.

The housing 37 is again constituted by the base plate 74, the cover plate 75, the side walls 76, 77 as well as the front walls 39, 40 which respectively define the internal space 43. The supporting diaphragms 46 to 50 divide the internal space 43, seen in the longitudinal direction of the object, in the individual zones 25 to 30 arranged mutually in cascade. The plane 137 is directed parallel to the side walls 76, 77 as well as perpendicular to the base plate 74 respectively to the cover plate 75 in which the longitudinal rib 140 is also arranged. In the portion 138 between the side wall 76 and the plane 137 there is the the filling element 146 which forms between the surface of the object 7 and the surface facing the latter of the inserted element 146, the passage channel 148 for the cooling medium 58. The realization of the passage opening 149 of the passage channel 148 can be carried out in accordance with the embodiments which have been described above.

Furthermore, in this embodiment it is shown that the refrigerating or cooling element 116 of the heat removal device 66 is associated with the nodal zone 104 of the object 7, to remove in this way the surface portion 110 again a large amount heat. To thus obtain a good efficiency of the cooling element 116 for the cooling medium 58 in passage, the cooling element 116 comprises further ribs 152 arranged in cascade in the longitudinal direction which serve to increase the cooling surface for the cooling element 116 and therefore can cool even better the cooling medium in passage 58. In this case, the cooling element 116 is made in the manner of a ribbed tube crossed by the refrigerant 130 which can be used both in the gaseous state and / or in the liquid. By arranging the cooling or cooling element 116 in the area of the surface portion 110, it is possible to reduce both the passage opening 149 of the passage channel 148, respectively it being possible to correspondingly divert the cooling or refrigerant means in passage 58 to thus send a large mass of refrigerant or cooling medium 58 directly on the surface portion 110 to cool the nodal zone well and thus remove a large amount of heat therefrom.

In another surface portion 111, in which in the mantle area 96 of the projections 153, 154 protrude beyond the surface of the object 7 which, for example, serve to house a sealing element and so on, it is also shown that the removal device 66 of the heat consists of cooling elements 117, 118 which, due to the increase in surface area as well as due to the intensification of the cooling of the two extensions 153, 154, are equipped with fins 152 arranged one behind the other on which in the areas facing the section member respectively at the extensions 153, 154 a reciprocal profile is shaped with respect to these extensions and therefore extending close to the surface of the extensions 153, 154 with respect to the surface of the object 7. Thus in these areas, respectively in the surface portions , it is possible to obtain a cooling action which is also good, which is further strengthened by a corresponding configuration respectively of arrangement of the individual cooling elements 117, 118 with reference to the fins 152. The complex of the two cooling elements 117, 118 is shown only as an example in which, of course, it is also possible to associate only one cooling element and / or even more elements cooling to these fins 152. A further representation of the portion 139 has been omitted, since the arrangement of the individual cooling elements from 116 to 118 can be carried out according to each embodiment as described for the portion 138. The arrangement of the Individual cooling elements of the heat removal device 66, however, depend on the cross section and profile, and can be freely selected in correspondence to such contingent factors. Furthermore, it is possible to position on the external side of the housing 37 the insulating elements 136 indicated schematically.

In Figs. 6 and 7 another possible and possibly independent embodiment of the cooling device is illustrated with the device 66 respectively 67 for removing the heat disposed in it, in which the same reference numbers have been used for the equal parts of those of Figs. 1 to 5. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, a gaseous refrigerant medium is used to dispose of the further quantity of heat fed or sent to the object 7 in the nodal zones in a targeted and controlled manner from the shell 96 105 to 108 from the empty chamber 98 as well as from the ribs arranged in correspondence with the nodal zones. The housing 37 of the cooling chamber 17 consists, in this exemplary embodiment, of the base plate 74, the cover plate 75, the side walls 76, 77 as well as the front walls 39, 40 which respectively define or delimit the internal space 43. Furthermore, the internal space 43 is divided, starting from the front surface 39 in the direction of extrusion, arrow 5, to the front wall 40, by the supporting diaphragms 46 to 50, in the mutually successive zones 25 to 30. Of course, the embodiments described also apply in this case to the cooling chamber 18 of the cooling device 16, as has already been described above. The internal space 43 of the cooling chamber 17 is divided by the plane 137 directed parallel to the side walls 76, 77 into the portions 138 respectively 139, in which the plane 137 is directed angled, preferably at right angles, with respect to the two surfaces 79, 80 of the cover plate 75 respectively of the base plate 74. In this plane it is arranged, in this embodiment, both between the surface 80 of the base plate 74 and the lower side 88 of the object 7, as well as between the surface 79 of the cover plate 75 and the upper side 89 of the object 7, the longitudinal rib element 140 respectively 155, which divides the cooling chamber 17 in its longitudinal direction respectively along its length extension in the portion 138 positioned between the side wall 76 and the plane 137 respectively in the portion 139 arranged between the side wall 77 and the plane 137. In these two portions 138, 139 is arranged a respective inserted element 146, 147 made in such a way that between the surface of the object 7 and the surfaces of the inserted elements or facing towards it, the passage or skimming channel 148 is formed with a preferably uniform passage opening 149 with dimensions between 1 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm. For the shown subdivision of the cooling chamber 17 into two portions 138 respectively 139 to the two longitudinal ribs 140, 155 and the object 7, only the heat removal device 66 is described in detail in the portion 138, since, in the case of the embodiment of the The other heat removal device 67 in the portion 139 is a substantially mirror-like embodiment with the cooling elements 118, 119. The heat removal device 66 shown in the portion 138 consists of the two cooling elements 116, 117 which are crossed by the refrigerant 130 and therefore are cooled. Furthermore, the individual cooling elements 116, 117 can be connected, for example through the supply conduit 128, and the exhaust conduit 129, with a circulation device for the coolant 130 shown in Fig. 1.

The two cooling elements 116, 117 of the heat removal device 66 are arranged in this case inside the inserted element 146 and preferably are carried out passing through the cooling device 16. In the inserted element 146 they are arranged, in the area of the two cooling elements 116, 117, cooling channels 156, 157 preferably concentric with the two cooling elements. On these two cooling channels 156, 157 there is arranged, connecting to them, a respective discharge channel 158, 159 which discharge channels, in their cross section, are preferably made tapering in the direction of the nodal zones 105, 107 respectively of the portions surface 111 respectively 113. The two cooling channels 156, 157 as well as the discharge channels 158, 159 are preferably directed parallel to the two cooling elements 116, 117 and preferably extend through the length 160 of the inserted element 146. Furthermore, it is schematically indicated that the individual channels, in the area close to the support diaphragm 46, are closed by a closing element 161, to prevent an escape of the cooling medium 58 which passes through these channels and to thus obtain an exit direction from the two corresponding channels 158, 159 oriented in a targeted manner in the direction of the surface areas 111, 113. The l length 160 of the inserted element 146 can be lower by a height 162 with respect to a distance 162 'between the front wall 39 and the supporting diaphragm 46. For this difference in length between the distance 162' and the length 160 is formed between the the element 146 and the support diaphragm 46 in the zone 25 between these a channel 143 in which the coolant 58 coming from the discharge channels 158, 159, after the high direct heat withdrawal from the surface portions 111, 113 of the nodal zones 105 , 107 as well as after having subsequently licked the surface portions 120 to 122, it also removes a sufficient amount of heat and thus also cools the entire shell 96 of the object 7. This cooling of the surface portions 120 to 122 is possible thanks to the arrangement combination of the channel 148 along the surface of the object 7 which enters through the cooler 16 in interaction with the channel 163.

In the area of the front wall 39 there is schematically indicated the supply duct for the coolant 58 which opens into a supply channel 164 arranged on the inserted element 146 which, in this exemplary embodiment, is directed perpendicularly to the two surfaces 79 respectively 80 as well as arranged in the area of the front wall 39. Furthermore, the two cooling channels 156, 157 arranged in the area of the cooling elements 116, 117 are actively connected to the supply channel 164 via connecting channels 165, 166. The arrangement here representation of the individual channels has been extrapolated and described by way of example for a plurality of possibilities, in which, for greater clarity, the representation, respectively the arrangement of individual closure elements for the individual channels has been omitted. In this case it is essential that the coolant 58 fed by the supply duct 64 before leaving the discharge channels 158, 159 has to be cooled through the cooling elements 116, 117 arranged in the cooling channels 156, 157 to an extremely low temperature. lower than 0 ° C, preferably between -15 ° C and -30 ° C, respectively -50 ° C, possibly up to -170 ° C to thus ensure in the surface portions 111, 113 the high removal or removal of heat. After having removed a certain amount of heat from the surface portions or sections 111, 113, the coolant 58 still has a sufficient heat absorption capacity to remove, even from the further surface portions 120-122, a certain percentage of heat in the surface area object 7 and to bring the entire section to a final temperature lower than the outlet temperature when passing through the cooling device 16.

In the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7 and, in the case of the gaseous refrigerant 58 used here, it is possible, due to the low temperatures of the cooling elements from 116 to 119, that the humidity still contained in the coolant in the form of frost and, therefore, the object 7 being licked or washed by a relatively dry coolant 58. Of course, it is also possible to arrange both the supply channel 164 and / or the connection channels 165, 166 several times in the inserted element 146 to obtain a more uniform distribution of the coolant 58 fed to the outlet from the discharge channels 158, 159. However independently of this, it is possible for example to arrange the channel 163 between the inserted element 146 and the support diaphragm 46 only in sections, respectively, to obtain the latter in the inserted element 146 or to position them therein. In this case, it is essential that the refrigerant 58 coming out of the discharge channels 158, 159, after having taken further heat in the area of the channel 148, is collected before overflowing into the portion 138 of the area 25 and through a transit channel 167 arranged in the support diaphragm 46 being conveyed in the portion 138 of the zone 26. However, it is also possible to arrange, instead of the outlet channels 158, 159, single nozzle openings, extending from the cooling channels 156, 157 in the direction of the discharge channel 148 directed on the nodal zones 105 to 108 to be cooled in the shown element 146, 147 as indicated by the dashed lines in Fig. 6. The transit channel 167 can for example be arranged in the same way as that of the supply conduit 164 and lead to another feed channel 164 in the element 146 in the zone 26.

The distribution or supply of the coolant 58 by the supply channel 164 can take place in the zone 26 in a manner similar to that of the embodiment which has been described in relation to the zone 25.

In order to obtain a flow rate of the coolant 58 starting from the supply duct 64 through the cooling device 16 towards the outlet 65, it is advantageous to constantly increase the vacuum that forms from zone to zone in the internal space 43. In this case, the vacuum in the zone 25 can still be of extremely low value, for example between 0 and 0.1 bar and can be higher per zone of from 0.002 to 0.1 bar and, in the area of the outlet portion 21 it can reach a value between -0.1 and -0.5 bar, preferably -0.2 bar. Through the vacuum applied in the internal space 43, a continuous movement of the coolant 58 takes place from the inlet area 19 to the outlet area 21 of the cooling device 16.

However, additionally, independently of this, it is also possible to position between the two surface portions 111, 113 in the reported element 146 a further discharge channel 168 which is in active connection by means of a further passage element 169 in the region of the support diaphragm 46 with the further supply channel 164 in the zone 26 and which is represented in dotted and dashed lines. In this way it is possible to obtain a large flow rate of the coolant 58 through the internal space 53 of the cooling device 16 and thus to cool the object 7 more quickly. The simplified represented passage element 169 can consist of any part known to the state of the technical, for example being able to be made in the form of a tubular element, a flexible tube, both flexible and rigid. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the reported elements 146, 147 and / or the insulating elements 136 have a low thermal conductivity in order to act as insulation of the object 7 relative to the atmosphere.

As a material it is possible to use the most varied materials such as synthetic foam, Stiropor, etc. which at the same time also allow easy processing.

In Fig. 8 another possible and possibly autonomous embodiment of the cooling device 16 is illustrated in which, for the same parts, the same reference numbers as those of Fig. 4 are used since in the embodiment A further cooling system 170 is arranged between the upper edge 87 of the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50 and the cover plate to further cool the coolant 58 through the cooling chamber 17, as an example illustrated here.

The housing 37 of the cooling chamber 17 is again constituted by the base plate 74, the cover plate 75, the side walls 76, 77 as well as the front walls 39, 40 which respectively define the internal space 43 which, starting from the wall front 39 in the direction of extrusion, arrow 5, towards the front wall 40, is divided by the supporting diaphragms from 46 to 50 in the zones from 25 to 30 which follow each other directly. The internal space 43 is again subdivided by the plane 137 directed parallel to the side walls 76, 77 into the portions 138 respectively 139 in which the longitudinal rib 140 is also arranged, which extends starting from the surface 79 of the cover plate 75 in the direction of the object 7 up to the vicinity of its surface 89. This plane 137 subdivides, cooperating with the longitudinal rib 140, each of the individual areas in the chamber 141 as well as in the washing chamber 142 so that the coolant 58 coming from the supply duct 64 touches the object 7, starting from its upper side 89, then the side walls in the portion 138 towards its lower side 88 and again the side walls in the portion 139. To make the channel 148 as well as its opening 149 respectively its passage cross section and the narrowing on the cross section 151, as well as the cooling elements 116, 117 arranged in the nodal zones 104 107, as well as of the diaphragms 150 and the consequent narrowing of the passage cross section, reference is made respectively to the detailed description with reference to Fig. 4 to avoid unnecessary repetitions.

The two mutually facing surfaces 79, 80 of the cover plate 75 respectively of the base plate are arranged with respect to each other at a distance 81 in which, starting from the height 85 of the support diaphragms 46 to 50, which is less than the distance 81, the height difference 86 is made between the upper edge 87 of the individual support diaphragms and the surface 79 of the cover plate 75. In the embodiment shown here, the height difference 86 is increased with respect to that of Fig. 4 of height 171 since this serves to house the cooling system 170.

This cooling system 170 consists of a tube 172 and fins 173 arranged one behind the other at a minimum distance from each other, which serve to increase the effective cooling surface for the coolant 58 passing through. they. Inside the pipes 172, the refrigerant 130 serves to remove heat from the refrigerant 58 which, in each overflow from one portion 138 into the other portion 139, respectively for each overflow from one area to the directly next one, is forcedly guided between the individual fins 137 of the cooling system 170. The cooling system 170 is arranged, in this exemplary embodiment, inside the housing 37 resting directly on the upper edge 87 of the individual support diaphragms 46 to 50, whereby in the area between the fins 173 and the surface 79 of the cover plate 75, between the washing chamber 142 of the area 25 and the chamber 141 of the area 26, the passage or transit channel 143 through which the coolant 58 flows when moving from one zone to the directly next zone. The washing chamber 142 of the zone 26 in the portion 138 is actively connected through the passage channel 144 with the zone 27 directly following it.

To obtain alternatively and possibly in counter-current a lapping or washing of the object 7 in each of the areas from 25 to 30, the area of each of the individual support diaphragms from 46 to 50 is arranged, preferably alternatively in each of the portions 138 , 139 between the fins 173 and the surface 79 of the cover plate 75, as well as between the longitudinal rib 140 and the side wall 76 respectively 77, a respective dividing wall 145, which separates the chamber 151 of the first zone from the washing chamber 142 of the area directly next to it in the same portion 138, 139.

The supply, respectively the flow rate of the refrigerant 130 through the pipes 172 of the further cooling system 170 can be carried out, according to one of the embodiments illustrated in detail in Fig. 1, but a combination with the refrigerant 130 in the elements is also possible. 116, 117 of the heat remover 66, 67. In this case it is possible that it is a separate flow as well as a common flow of the coolant 130 through the heat remover 66, 67 respectively through the cooling system 170 .

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate another possible and per se autonomous embodiment of the cooling device 16 for the cooling chamber 17 with the housing 37 that the form, in which the same parts are used for the same parts reference numbers of those used in Figs. 1 to 8. The basic construction of the housing 37, consisting of the side walls 76, 77, the base plate and the cover plate 74, 75, and the front walls 39, 40 as well as from the support diaphragms 46 to 50 arranged in the internal space 43, can take place according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1, 6 and 7. In this example of embodiment reported here, a refrigerant is also used in this case gas 58 to remove from the object 7, in the individual nodal zones 104 to 108, which represent the surface portions with a higher concentration of thermal energy, respectively with a higher quantity of heat, a high quantity heat.

The plane 137 is directed parallel to the two side walls 76, 77 and is arranged substantially centrally between them. A further transverse plane 174, which normally extends respectively at right angles to it, is arranged extending substantially at half the height 90 of the object 7 and divides the channel 148 arranged in the inserted element 146 in the portion 138 between the transverse plane 174 and the cover plate 75 as well as in the portion 139 between the transverse plane 174 and the base plate 74.

Each of the individual portions 138, 139 is associated with its own device for removing heat 66, 67, which devices are arranged in channels 175 to 178, which extend inside the inserted elements 146 passing through the cooling chamber 17 , therefore also through the individual support diaphragms from 46 to 50 per passage in the direction of extrusion. The construction and arrangement of the individual channels 175 to 178 have been shown by way of example only and these, of course, can have any spatial configuration as well as any length extension.

The channel 148 is made, in the region of the transverse plane 174 respectively of the heat removal device 66, 67, with a lower passage opening 179, in the form of an intermediate channel 180 with a smaller passage cross section. Due to this narrowing of the cross section over the entire length in the individual zones 25 to 30 arranged mutually in cacate, a high resistance is opposed to the coolant 58, so that, in the area of the intermediate channels 180 there is a flow rate of the coolant 58 inferior.

The heat removal devices 66, 67 consist of individual refrigeration elements 116 to 119, as well as fins 173 arranged on them and spaced from each other, in which the individual fins serve to increase the cooling surface respectively the heat transfer surface. The individual cooling elements 116 to 119 are again traversed by the refrigerant 130 which may be present according to the embodiments already described above both in gaseous and / or liquid form and / or in a mixture thereof.

In the zone 25 represented in Fig. 9, the refrigerant 58 is fed through the supply conduit 64, from one side to the channel 175 in the portion 138 respectively through a further supply conduit 64 to the channel 178 in the portion 139. The supply of the refrigerant 158, respectively, the arrangement of both channels 175, 178 is in this case made substantially almost diagonally with respect to the plane 137 or the transverse plane 174 so that a mutually staggered arrangement is obtained. The coolant 58 fed into the channel 175 in the portion 138 passes in front of the cooling element 116 as well as the fins 173 arranged thereon, respectively passing through a and arriving through a connecting channel 181 directed on the nodal area 1095 in the channel 148 and laps the object 7 in the region of its upper side 89 in the direction of the further cooling element 17 of the heat removal device 66 arranged in the region of the side wall. The entry into the channel 176 from the channel 148 takes place through a further connecting channel 182 after the interposition of the cooling element 117.

In the portion 139, the coolant 58, starting from the channel 178, arrives through the cooling element 119 in another connecting channel 183, which also causes a direct flow on the nodal zone 108 of the object 7 in the channel 148 of the portion 139 and touches the object 7 in the area of its lower side 88 in the direction of the cooling element 118 of the heat removal device 67. The entry into the channel 177, starting from the channel 148, takes place through a further connecting channel 184. The individual connecting channels 181 to 184 between the channels 175 and 178 as well as the channel 178 are formed, depending on the direction of transit of the coolant 58, as output channels respectively inlet. Due to the small passage opening 179 of the intermediate channels 180 a small amount of coolant 58 also enters this, so that these surface portions are correspondingly cooled, respectively, heat being removed therefrom as schematically indicated by the small arrows.

A supply of coolant 58 from the portion 138 into the zone of the channel 176 or from the channel 177 into the portion 139 of the zone 25 into the zone 26 directly next thereto takes place through openings 185 respectively 186 in the support diaphragms 46. However, it is also possible to make in a passing way 146 even in the support diaphragms 46 to 50 and alternately closing the latter correspondingly to ensure that the object 7 is licked transversely to its direction of extrusion.

Fig. 10 shows the zone 26 of the cooling device 16 arranged directly downstream of the zone 25 in which it is shown how the object 7 is lapped in counter-current by the coolant 58 with reference to the zone 25 positioned upstream. In this case, the coolant 58 passes through the channel 176 respectively through the opening 185 in the support diaphragms 46 in the channel 176 arranged in the zone 26, passes through the cooling element 117 as well as the fins 173 arranged thereon, and arrives through the connecting channel 182 in the channel 148 and enters the area of the cooling element 116 through the connecting channel 181 in the channel 175 arranged in the shown element 146. The fact of touching object 7 in counter-current, starting from the channel 177, in the direction of channel 178 takes place correspondingly to this. In this way in each of the individual zones 25, 30 directly adjacent it is obtained that the object 7 is brushed in the opposite direction by the coolant 58.

In this case it is advantageous that the coolant 58, after each inlet through connecting channels 181 to 184, before entering the related channel 175 to 178, must pass through one of the cooling elements 116 to 119 with the fins 173 arranged on them and, after being sent or fed into the directly adjacent zone, it must again pass through one of the cooling elements 116 to 119. Thus, each feed from one zone to another directly adjacent to it a double passage is made through each of the individual cooling elements from 116 to 119 so that a large amount of heat can be removed from the refrigerant and thus, in its exit from the connection channels 181 to 184, it is possible to remove from the individual areas from 105 to 108 a large amount of heat., A disposal of the coolant 58 from the internal space 43 respectively 44 of the cooler 16 can have It takes place through a drain 65, not shown in detail, so that the formation of the vacuum that is formed inside the housing 37 can always occur in an increasing manner, starting from the inlet area towards the outlet area.

However, it is also possible to realize the individual connection channels from 181 to 184, if these are used for the discharge of the refrigerant, in the manner of individual nozzle openings arranged in cascade and directed on the nodal areas from 105 to 108 which are to be cooled. Naturally, the individual embodiments described above and the variants represented and in these embodiments and the various embodiments can constitute autonomous solutions according to the invention, and can be combined as desired with each other. It is also possible to find detailed descriptions of the individual elements, components, etc. as well as of various carrying out of the cooling, of the vacuum formation, of the current under pressure, respectively it is possible to detect the action of lapping of the element 7 by the coolant 58 in the embodiments in which the description thereof has been omitted to avoid unnecessary repetitions.

Finally, for reasons of clarity, attention must be drawn to the fact that, in order to better understand the operation of the cooling device according to the present invention, many parts therein have been schematically represented and enlarged not in proportion.

The individual embodiments shown in Fig. 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10 mainly form the subject of autonomous solutions according to the invention. The related data and related solutions according to the invention can be deduced from the detailed description provided in relation to these figures.

Claims (29)

CLAIMS 1. Cooling device for cooling a continuously extending length extruded object with at least one cooling chamber through which the object is led and with means for reducing an area surrounding the object at least in the cooling chamber to at least one pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and with means for removing from the object, by means of at least one refrigerant, thermal energy stored in the object, characterized in that the means or such means forming heat removal devices (66, 67) are made in a manner to remove a greater quantity of heat from the surface portions (from 110 to 115) of the object (7) with concentrations of thermal energy greater than that of the associated surface portions (from 120 to 123) directly adjacent. Cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means, respectively the heat removal device (66, 67), for removing a greater quantity of heat, extend over at least part of a passage path for the object (7) through the cooling chambers (17, 18), and that they are formed by cooling elements (116 to 119) associated with the surface portions (110 to 115) with a higher thermal energy concentration. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of cooling elements (from 116 to 119) are arranged distributed on the circumference of a passage profile of the object (7) directly next to the surface portions ( 110 to 115). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling elements (116 to 119) consist of transport ducts for the coolant (130) which extend in the direction of passage of the object ( 7). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat removal device (66, 67) or the cooling element (116-119) is arranged close to the object (7) at a distance from 1 to 50 mm preferably from 5 to 25 min. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling elements (116 to 119) for the coolant (130) are arranged in a cooling channel (156, 157) and / or in a channel (175 to 178) which also extends in the direction of movement of the object {7). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling channel (156, 157) comprises a discharge channel (158) which extends over at least part of the length of the cooling elements (from 116 a 119) which is directed on at least one of the surface portions (from 110 to 115) with the highest concentration of thermal energy. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channels (175 to 178) are connected to the channel (148) via connecting channels (181 to 184). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channels (181 to 184) are designed as discharge and / or supply channels and are directed at at least one of the surface portions (110 a 115) with the highest thermal energy concentration. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling channel (156, 157) and / or the discharge channel (158) and / or the channel (175 to 178) and / or the connecting channel (181 to 184) are arranged in the inserted element (146, 147) preferably passing along its longitudinal extension. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling channel (156, 157) and / or the channel (175 to 178) are connected by means of individual nozzle openings arranged in cascade in the inserted element (146, 147) with the canal (148). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inserted element (146, 147) and / or the insulating element (136) has a low thermal conductivity. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cross section, respectively a passage opening (149) of a channel (148) which extends at least over a part of the surface of the passage contour for the 'transiting object (7), in at least one of the surface portions (from 110 to 115) with a higher thermal energy concentration of the object (7) i is lower than surface portions (from 120 to 123) of the object (7 ) with lower thermal energy concentration. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant (58) between the cooling element (116 to 119) and the object has two different phases. 15. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface portion (from 110 to 115) with a high concentration of thermal energy is arranged, respectively realized, in a nodal zone (from 104 to 109) of the object (7), in particular of a hollow section, between a skirt (96) and a rib (99 to 102) arranged in a hollow chamber (98). 16. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface portion (110 to 115) with a high or higher concentration of thermal energy has, with reference to a cross-sectional area of the object (7), a greater percentage of material than cross-sectional surfaces of the same size in other regions of the object's cross-section (7). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a circulation device (59, 60) is provided for the coolant (58) to move, where necessary, the last guest (58) with respect to the walls of the housing (37, 38) defining the cooling chambers (17, 18) of the cooling device (16). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant (58) is liquid and optionally solid. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant (58) is gaseous. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the cooling elements (116 to 119) consists of a solidified coolant (58). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat removal device (66, 67) is traversed by a liquid and / or gaseous refrigerant (130). Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant (130) has a temperature lower than 15 ° C respectively 0 ° C, preferably between -15 ° C and -50 ° C. 23. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant (130) has a temperature below 0 ° C, preferably between -60 ° C and -170 ° C. 24. Cooling device according to line or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vacuum formed in the internal space (16) of the cooling device, starting from the inlet area (19) to the outlet area (21), is made increasing continuously from area to area. 25. Cooling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum increases in the inlet or inlet zone (19) between 0 and -0.1 bar and is greater for each zone by from 0.002 to 0.1 bar and in the outlet area (21) it is between -0.1 bar and -0.5 bar, preferably -0.2 bar. 26. Process for cooling an extruded object extended in length, in which the object, during its movement in the longitudinal direction, is exposed to a pressure lower than the atmospheric one and in this case the object is cooled to a final temperature more low compared to the outlet temperature by means of a refrigerant that surrounds or envelops the object, characterized by the fact that the amount of heat contained in the object is removed from the surface portions of the object with higher concentration of thermal energy faster than the further portions of the object close to them. 27. Process according to claim 26, characterized in that the quantity of heat contained in the object in the single mutually adjacent surface portions with a different concentration of thermal energy, with reference to the ratio of the capacity to store heat in the different surface portions, is disposed of evenly. 28. Process according to claims 26, 27, characterized in that the object, during its movement in the longitudinal direction, is washed or lapped, transversely to its direction of movement, by coolant. 29. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the washing direction of the refrigerant during the progressive movement in its longitudinal direction varies in a different way, in particular in counter-current.