ITMI20131039A1 - TILE FOR THE COVERING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR OF PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ENERGY, AND A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE TILE - Google Patents
TILE FOR THE COVERING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR OF PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ENERGY, AND A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE TILEInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI20131039A1 ITMI20131039A1 IT001039A ITMI20131039A ITMI20131039A1 IT MI20131039 A1 ITMI20131039 A1 IT MI20131039A1 IT 001039 A IT001039 A IT 001039A IT MI20131039 A ITMI20131039 A IT MI20131039A IT MI20131039 A1 ITMI20131039 A1 IT MI20131039A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- tile
- layer
- catalytic material
- combustion chamber
- tile according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002976 CaZrO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 Platinum Group Metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910014031 strontium zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2700/00—Constructional details of combustion chambers
- F23M2700/005—Structures of combustion chambers or smoke ducts
- F23M2700/0053—Bricks for combustion chamber walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
- F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
del brevetto per invenzione industriale dal titolo: of the patent for industrial invention entitled:
“PIASTRELLA PER IL RIVESTIMENTO DI CAMERE DI COMBUSTIONE, IN PARTICOLARE DI IMPIANTI PER LA PRODUZIONE DI ENERGIA ELETTRICA A TURBINA A GAS, E CAMERA DI COMBUSTIONE COMPRENDENTE DETTA PIASTRELLA†⠀ œTILE FOR THE COATING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR FOR GAS TURBINE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION PLANTS, AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING SAID TILEâ €
La presente invenzione à ̈ relativa ad una piastrella per il rivestimento di camere di combustione, in particolare di turbine a gas, e ad una camera di combustione comprendente detta piastrella. The present invention relates to a tile for lining combustion chambers, in particular for gas turbines, and to a combustion chamber comprising said tile.
Come noto, le pareti interne delle camere di combustione delle turbine a gas per la produzione di energia elettrica richiedono una efficace protezione termica, in quanto, durante la combustione, sono esposte a gas caldi ad alta temperatura e talvolta anche altamente corrosivi. As is known, the internal walls of the combustion chambers of gas turbines for the production of electrical energy require effective thermal protection, since, during combustion, they are exposed to hot gases at high temperatures and sometimes even highly corrosive.
A tale scopo, à ̈ noto utilizzare piastrelle in materiale ceramico ed applicarle, per esempio, sulle pareti di struttura della camera di combustione. In generale, i materiali ceramici sono potenzialmente idonei a questa applicazione, in quanto offrono una buona protezione termica e hanno bassa conduttività . For this purpose, it is known to use ceramic tiles and apply them, for example, to the structural walls of the combustion chamber. In general, ceramic materials are potentially suitable for this application, as they offer good thermal protection and have low conductivity.
Tuttavia, la combustione comporta non solo problematiche legate alla stabilità meccanica dei materiali alle alte temperature, ma anche problematiche legate alla produzione di emissioni inquinanti, tra cui NOx e CO. However, combustion involves not only problems related to the mechanical stability of materials at high temperatures, but also problems related to the production of polluting emissions, including NOx and CO.
Le emissioni di NOx si verificano soprattutto agli alti carichi di esercizio, mentre le emissioni di CO aumentano pericolosamente ai bassi carichi o durante le rampe di aumento della potenza in special modo in tutti i carichi al di sotto del “minimo tecnico ambientale†. NOx emissions occur mainly at high operating loads, while CO emissions increase dangerously at low loads or during power increase ramps especially in all loads below the â € œtechnical minimumâ €.
È noto impiegare un sistema catalitico a valle del diffusore della turbina ed a monte della caldaia a recupero (nel caso di impianto a ciclo combinato). Tale sistema catalitico determina la conversione del CO a CO2 (in percentuale variabile in funzione della temperatura dei fumi e del dimensionamento del sistema catalitico). In questo modo à ̈ possibile ridurre il carico minimo di esercizio dell’impianto senza superare i limiti di legge delle emissioni di CO. Tuttavia, questa tecnica determina una perdita di carico (variabile in funzione del dimensionamento del sistema catalitico stesso) che à ̈ generalmente dell’ordine dei 2-5 mbar. It is known to use a catalytic system downstream of the turbine diffuser and upstream of the recovery boiler (in the case of a combined cycle plant). This catalytic system determines the conversion of CO to CO2 (in a variable percentage depending on the temperature of the fumes and the size of the catalytic system). In this way it is possible to reduce the minimum operating load of the system without exceeding the legal limits of CO emissions. However, this technique causes a pressure drop (which varies according to the size of the catalytic system itself) which is generally of the order of 2-5 mbar.
Tale perdita di carico provoca una perdita di potenza nella turbina a gas dell’ordine di 100 kW per ogni mbar di pressione. This pressure drop causes a power loss in the gas turbine of the order of 100 kW for each mbar of pressure.
È pertanto uno scopo della presente invenzione quello di fornire una piastrella per il rivestimento di camere di combustione, in particolare di turbine a gas, in grado di ridurre le emissioni di inquinanti durante la combustione senza introdurre alcuna perdita di carico. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a tile for lining combustion chambers, in particular gas turbines, capable of reducing pollutant emissions during combustion without introducing any pressure drop.
In particolare, à ̈ uno scopo del trovato quello di realizzare, in modo relativamente semplice ed economico, una piastrella che sia pienamente idonea all’uso in una camera di combustione di una turbina a gas, e sia quindi particolarmente resistente alle alte temperature, agli attacchi corrosivi, alle sollecitazioni meccaniche, e che, al contempo, sia in grado di ridurre le emissioni di sostanze inquinanti. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide, in a relatively simple and economical way, a tile which is fully suitable for use in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, and is therefore particularly resistant to high temperatures, to corrosive attacks, to mechanical stresses, and which, at the same time, is able to reduce the emissions of polluting substances.
In accordo con tali scopi la presente invenzione à ̈ relativa ad una piastrella per il rivestimento di camere di combustione, in particolare di impianti per la produzione di energia elettrica a turbina a gas, comprendente un corpo base avente una faccia principale, la quale à ̈ rivolta, in uso, verso l’interno della camera di combustione; la piastrella comprendendo un rivestimento applicato sulla faccia principale; il rivestimento comprendendo almeno un materiale catalitico. In accordance with these purposes, the present invention relates to a tile for lining combustion chambers, in particular for gas turbine electric power generation plants, comprising a base body having a main face, which is facing, in use, towards the inside of the combustion chamber; the tile comprising a coating applied to the main face; the coating comprising at least one catalytic material.
È inoltre uno scopo della presente invenzione quello di realizzare una camera di combustione di un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica a turbina a gas caratterizzata da emissioni di sostanze inquinanti ridotte rispetto alle emissioni delle camere di combustione di tipo noto. It is also an object of the present invention that of realizing a combustion chamber of a plant for the production of electrical energy with a gas turbine characterized by emissions of polluting substances which are reduced with respect to the emissions of known combustion chambers.
In accordo con tali scopi la presente invenzione à ̈ relativa ad una camera di combustione, in particolare di impianti per la produzione di energia elettrica a turbina a gas, provvista di una cassa, la quale definisce un’area destinata alla reazione di combustione; la cassa essendo provvista di un rivestimento interno comprendente almeno una piastrella in accordo ad una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni da 1 a 12. In accordance with these purposes, the present invention relates to a combustion chamber, in particular of gas turbine electrical energy production plants, provided with a casing, which defines an area intended for the combustion reaction; the box being provided with an internal lining comprising at least one tile according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
Ulteriori caratteristiche e vantaggi della presente invenzione appariranno chiari dalla descrizione che segue di un suo esempio non limitativo di attuazione, con riferimento alle figure dei disegni annessi, in cui: Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear clear from the following description of a non-limiting example of its implementation, with reference to the figures of the annexed drawings, in which:
– la figura 1 à ̈ una vista schematica di un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica a turbina a gas comprendente una camera di combustione in accordo alla presente invenzione; - figure 1 is a schematic view of a gas turbine electric power plant comprising a combustion chamber according to the present invention;
– la figura 2 à ̈ una vista in sezione, con parti asportate per chiarezza, della camera di combustione in accordo alla presente invenzione; - figure 2 is a sectional view, with parts removed for clarity, of the combustion chamber according to the present invention;
– la figura 3 à ̈ una vista prospettica, con parti asportate per chiarezza, di una piastrella per il rivestimento di camere di combustione in accordo alla presente invenzione; – la figura 4 à ̈ un dettaglio della piastrella di figura 3. - figure 3 is a perspective view, with parts removed for clarity, of a tile for lining combustion chambers according to the present invention; - figure 4 is a detail of the tile in figure 3.
In figura 1 Ã ̈ indicato con il numero di riferimento 1 un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica comprendente un compressore 3, una camera di combustione 4, una turbina 5 a gas ed un generatore 7, il quale trasforma la potenza meccanica fornita dalla turbina 5 in potenza elettrica da alimentare ad una rete elettrica 8, collegata al generatore 7 mediante un interruttore 9. In figure 1 the reference number 1 indicates a plant for the production of electrical energy comprising a compressor 3, a combustion chamber 4, a gas turbine 5 and a generator 7, which transforms the mechanical power supplied by the turbine 5 in electrical power to be fed to an electrical network 8, connected to the generator 7 by means of a switch 9.
Una variante non illustrata prevede che l’impianto 1 sia del tipo a ciclo combinato e che comprenda, oltre alla turbina 5 a gas ed al generatore 7, anche un turbogruppo a vapore. A variant not illustrated provides that the plant 1 is of the combined cycle type and that it includes, in addition to the gas turbine 5 and the generator 7, also a steam turbine group.
La turbina 5 a gas si estende lungo un asse A longitudinale ed à ̈ provvista di un albero 13 (anch’esso estendentesi lungo l’asse A) a cui sono connessi anche il compressore 3 e il generatore 7. The gas turbine 5 extends along a longitudinal axis A and is provided with a shaft 13 (also extending along the axis A) to which the compressor 3 and the generator 7 are also connected.
Il compressore 3 à ̈ preferibilmente un compressore assiale multistadio. In particolare, il compressore 3 si estende lungo l’asse A e comprende una presa d’aria 14, normalmente chiamata “air intake†e uno stadio di ingresso 15 avente geometria variabile. Lo stadio di ingresso 15 comprende una pluralità di palette statoriche orientabili di ingresso 16 (schematicamente illustrate in figura 1), dette comunemente IGV (Inlet Guide Vane), la cui inclinazione può essere modificata per regolare una portata d’aria aspirata dal compressore 3 stesso. Compressor 3 is preferably a multistage axial compressor. In particular, the compressor 3 extends along the axis A and comprises an air intake 14, normally called â € œair intakeâ € and an inlet stage 15 with variable geometry. The inlet stage 15 comprises a plurality of adjustable inlet stator vanes 16 (schematically illustrated in figure 1), commonly known as IGV (Inlet Guide Vane), whose inclination can be modified to regulate a flow rate of air sucked by the compressor 3 same.
Con riferimento alla figura 2, la camera di combustione 4 à ̈ provvista di una cassa 20, la quale definisce un’area destinata alla reazione di combustione. Preferibilmente, la camera di combustione 4 à ̈ di tipo anulare e presenta una forma sostanzialmente toroidale. With reference to Figure 2, the combustion chamber 4 is provided with a casing 20, which defines an area intended for the combustion reaction. Preferably, the combustion chamber 4 is of the annular type and has a substantially toroidal shape.
La cassa 20 ha una forma sostanzialmente anulare ed à ̈ provvista di un rivestimento interno 21, definito da una pluralità di piastrelle 22 di materiale refrattario disposte in colonne adiacenti. The box 20 has a substantially annular shape and is provided with an internal lining 21, defined by a plurality of tiles 22 of refractory material arranged in adjacent columns.
Con riferimento alla figura 3, le piastrelle 22 comprendono un corpo base 23 di forma preferibilmente quadrangolare avente una faccia principale 24, la quale à ̈ rivolta, in uso, verso l’interno della camera di combustione 4 e due facce laterali opposte 25, le quali sono provviste rispettivamente di una scanalatura 26. With reference to Figure 3, the tiles 22 comprise a base body 23 preferably quadrangular in shape having a main face 24, which faces, in use, towards the interior of the combustion chamber 4 and two opposite side faces 25, which are respectively provided with a groove 26.
Le piastrelle 22 sono fissate ad una faccia interna 27 (visibile in figura 2) della cassa 20 mediante elementi di aggancio 28. Nell’esempio non limitativo qui descritto ed illustrato, ciascuna piastrella 22 à ̈ fissata alla faccia interna 27 della cassa 20 mediante quattro elementi di aggancio 28. The tiles 22 are fixed to an internal face 27 (visible in figure 2) of the box 20 by means of hooking elements 28. In the non-limiting example described and illustrated here, each tile 22 is fixed to the internal face 27 of the box 20 by means of four attachment elements 28.
Ciascun elemento di aggancio 28 Ã ̈ fissato alla faccia interna 27 della cassa 20 e alla rispettiva piastrella 22. Each hooking element 28 is fixed to the internal face 27 of the casing 20 and to the respective tile 22.
In particolare, ciascun elemento di aggancio 28 comprende una piastra 30 provvista, ad una prima estremità , di un foro di fissaggio 31 per il fissaggio alla faccia interna 27 e, ad una seconda estremità , di una aletta 32 avente una sezione sostanzialmente conformata a U. In particular, each coupling element 28 comprises a plate 30 provided, at a first end, with a fixing hole 31 for fixing to the internal face 27 and, at a second end, with a fin 32 having a substantially U-shaped section. .
La piastra 30 à ̈ fissata alla faccia interna 27 in modo tale che, in uso, l’aletta 32 sporga dalla rispettiva piastrella 22 e impegni la rispettiva scanalatura 26 della piastrella 22. The plate 30 is fixed to the internal face 27 in such a way that, in use, the tab 32 protrudes from the respective tile 22 and engages the respective groove 26 of the tile 22.
Con riferimento alla figura 4, alcune piastrelle 22 comprendono un rivestimento 36 applicato sulla faccia principale 24 destinata in uso ad affacciarsi alla camera di combustione in cui à ̈ montata la piastrella 1. With reference to Figure 4, some tiles 22 comprise a coating 36 applied to the main face 24 intended in use to face the combustion chamber in which the tile 1 is mounted.
Il corpo base 23 Ã ̈ preferibilmente realizzato in materiale ceramico, per esempio in allumina o, preferibilmente, in un sistema bifasico allumina-mullite. The base body 23 is preferably made of ceramic material, for example of alumina or, preferably, of a two-phase alumina-mullite system.
La formatura del corpo base 23 avviene mediante pressatura in uno stampo delle polveri necessarie, per esempio polvere di allumina (corindone) o una miscela di polveri di mullite e allumina (corindone). The base body 23 is formed by pressing the necessary powders into a mold, for example alumina powder (corundum) or a mixture of mullite and alumina powders (corundum).
Il materiale ceramico del corpo base 23 viene poi sinterizzato in forno per ottenere le caratteristiche fisiche e meccaniche prescritte. The ceramic material of the base body 23 is then sintered in an oven to obtain the prescribed physical and mechanical characteristics.
Il rivestimento 36 Ã ̈ preferibilmente un rivestimento multistrato, comprendente almeno un primo strato 37, disposto a contatto della faccia principale 24 del corpo base 23, ed almeno un secondo strato 38, disposto sopra il primo strato 37 e definente uno strato esterno della piastrella 22. The coating 36 is preferably a multilayer coating, comprising at least a first layer 37, arranged in contact with the main face 24 of the base body 23, and at least a second layer 38, arranged over the first layer 37 and defining an external layer of the tile 22 .
Il primo strato 37, che à ̈ interposto tra il corpo base 23 e il secondo strato 38, ha una funzione anticorrosiva ed à ̈ preferibilmente realizzato in un materiale comprendente allumina. Preferibilmente, il primo strato 37 à ̈ realizzato in allumina, o comprende allumina come componente principale (lo strato contiene quindi allumina in quantità superiore al 50% in peso del materiale complessivo dello strato). The first layer 37, which is interposed between the base body 23 and the second layer 38, has an anticorrosive function and is preferably made of a material comprising alumina. Preferably, the first layer 37 is made of alumina, or comprises alumina as the main component (the layer therefore contains alumina in quantities greater than 50% by weight of the overall material of the layer).
Preferibilmente, il primo strato 37 ha uno spessore compreso tra circa 200 e circa 400 micrometri. Preferably, the first layer 37 has a thickness comprised between about 200 and about 400 micrometers.
Il secondo strato 38 preferibilmente comprende un materiale catalitico. The second layer 38 preferably comprises a catalytic material.
Per materiale catalitico, o catalizzatore, si intende un materiale comprendente una sostanza in grado di accelerare la velocità di una reazione chimica al fine di promuoverla. By catalytic material, or catalyst, we mean a material comprising a substance capable of accelerating the speed of a chemical reaction in order to promote it.
Preferibilmente, il secondo strato 38 comprende un substrato inattivo e una matrice attiva di materiale catalitico. Preferably, the second layer 38 comprises an inactive substrate and an active matrix of catalytic material.
La matrice attiva à ̈, preferibilmente, in grado di promuovere almeno reazioni di ossidazione del CO presente all’interno della camera di combustione 4 ottenendo la trasformazione del CO in CO2. La matrice attiva può essere in grado di promuovere anche altre reazioni desiderate. The active matrix is preferably capable of promoting at least oxidation reactions of the CO present inside the combustion chamber 4, obtaining the transformation of CO into CO2. The active matrix may be able to promote other desired reactions as well.
Preferibilmente, la matrice attiva à ̈ realizzata in platino o in uno dei metalli del gruppo PGM (Platinum Group Metals), o comprende platino o uno dei metalli del gruppo PGM come componente principale (il secondo strato 38 contiene quindi platino o PGM in quantità superiore al 50% in peso del materiale complessivo del secondo strato). Preferably, the active matrix is made of platinum or one of the metals of the PGM group (Platinum Group Metals), or comprises platinum or one of the metals of the PGM group as the main component (the second layer 38 therefore contains platinum or PGM in a higher quantity 50% by weight of the total material of the second layer).
Varianti prevedono che la matrice attiva sia realizzata con altri materiali attivi quali Palladio, Nichel o loro ossidi. Variations provide that the active matrix is made with other active materials such as Palladium, Nickel or their oxides.
La composizione e le percentuali degli ulteriori composti che definiscono il substrato inattivo possono variare anche in funzione del metodo di deposizione e del grado di conversione della reazione desiderato. The composition and the percentages of the further compounds that define the inactive substrate can also vary according to the deposition method and the desired degree of conversion of the reaction.
Preferibilmente, il substrato inattivo può comprendere uno o più elementi inattivi del gruppo comprendente Zirconia, Spinello, Zirconia stabilizzata con Ittria, MgAl2O4, SrZrO3, CaZrO3, Al2O3 (allumina). Preferably, the inactive substrate can comprise one or more inactive elements of the group comprising Zirconia, Spinel, Yttria-stabilized Zirconia, MgAl2O4, SrZrO3, CaZrO3, Al2O3 (alumina).
Preferibilmente il secondo strato 38 ha uno spessore che può variare tra i 5 e i 350 micrometri. Preferably the second layer 38 has a thickness which can vary between 5 and 350 micrometers.
Una variante non illustrata prevede che il rivestimento 36 sia definito da un unico strato configurato in modo da avere proprietà anticorrosive e, al contempo, catalitiche e possa promuovere reazioni desiderate all’interno della camera di combustione 4. A variant not illustrated provides that the coating 36 is defined by a single layer configured in such a way as to have anticorrosive and, at the same time, catalytic properties and can promote desired reactions inside the combustion chamber 4.
In accordo al trovato, gli strati 37 e 38 del rivestimento 36 sono depositati tramite rispettivi processi di spruzzatura al plasma in aria (APS, “air plasma spray†) condotti in successione. According to the invention, the layers 37 and 38 of the coating 36 are deposited by means of respective processes of plasma spraying in air (APS, â € œair plasma sprayâ €) carried out in succession.
In generale, in un processo di spruzzatura al plasma in aria il materiale da depositare su un substrato à ̈ introdotto in un ugello di una torcia al plasma, dove il materiale viene fuso dall’elevata temperatura del plasma e spruzzato verso il substrato. Le particelle di materiale, colpendo il substrato, si raffreddano e solidificano rapidamente depositandosi sul substrato. In general, in an air plasma spraying process the material to be deposited on a substrate is introduced into a plasma torch nozzle, where the material is melted by the high temperature of the plasma and sprayed towards the substrate. The particles of material, hitting the substrate, cool and solidify rapidly and settle on the substrate.
Una variante prevede che gli strati 37 e 38 vengano depositati sul corpo principale 23 della piastrella 22 e che successivamente venga effettuata la sinterizzazione della piastrella e degli strati 37 38. A variant provides that the layers 37 and 38 are deposited on the main body 23 of the tile 22 and that the tile and the layers 37 38 are subsequently sintered.
Una ulteriore variante prevede che gli strati 37 e 38 vengano depositati per impregnazione del supporto con soluzioni di sali dei metalli, e successivamente per calcinazione, così da trasformare i sali in ossidi. A further variant provides that the layers 37 and 38 are deposited by impregnating the support with solutions of metal salts, and subsequently by calcination, so as to transform the salts into oxides.
Preferibilmente, la camera di combustione 4 comprende alcune piastrelle 22, in cui il rivestimento 36 comprende il primo strato 37 ed il secondo strato 38 di materiale catalitico, ed altre piastrelle 22, in cui il rivestimento 36 comprende il solo strato 37 di protezione alla corrosione. Preferably, the combustion chamber 4 comprises some tiles 22, in which the coating 36 comprises the first layer 37 and the second layer 38 of catalytic material, and other tiles 22, in which the coating 36 comprises only the corrosion protection layer 37 .
Il numero di piastrelle 22 provviste del secondo strato 38 comprendente materiale catalitico necessario per garantire una riduzione delle emissioni consistente dipende dalle dimensioni della camera di combustione 4. The number of tiles 22 provided with the second layer 38 comprising catalytic material necessary to ensure a consistent reduction in emissions depends on the size of the combustion chamber 4.
Preferibilmente, almeno il 20% delle piastrelle che rivestono la camera di combustione 4 sono provviste del secondo strato 38 comprendente materiale catalitico CO. Preferably, at least 20% of the tiles lining the combustion chamber 4 are provided with the second layer 38 comprising catalytic material CO.
Preferibilmente, le piastrelle 22 provviste del secondo strato 38 comprendente materiale catalitico sono disposte nelle zone dove viene prodotto maggiormente il monossido di carbonio CO. Preferably, the tiles 22 provided with the second layer 38 comprising catalytic material are arranged in the areas where the carbon monoxide CO is most produced.
Preferibilmente, le piastrelle 22 provviste dello strato 38 comprendente materiale catalitico sono disposte nel settore della camera di combustione dove la temperatura risulta minore e quindi la formazione di CO risulta maggiore. Preferably, the tiles 22 provided with the layer 38 comprising catalytic material are arranged in the sector of the combustion chamber where the temperature is lower and therefore the formation of CO is higher.
Una variante non illustrata prevede che la camera di combustione 4 sia provvista di un primo numero di piastrelle 22, in cui il secondo strato 38 Ã ̈ realizzato con un materiale catalitico in grado di promuovere la reazione di ossidazione del CO e la trasformazione in CO2, un secondo numero di piastrelle 22 in cui il secondo strato 38 Ã ̈ realizzato con un materiale catalitico in grado di promuovere una reazione differente, ad esempio la rimozione dei NOx, e un terzo numero di piastrelle 22, in cui lo strato 38 Ã ̈ realizzato con un materiale catalitico in grado di rimuovere gli incombusti ad esempio utile per applicazioni a camere di combustione 4 con olio combustibile. A variant not illustrated provides that the combustion chamber 4 is provided with a first number of tiles 22, in which the second layer 38 is made with a catalytic material capable of promoting the oxidation reaction of CO and the transformation into CO2, a second number of tiles 22 in which the second layer 38 is made with a catalytic material capable of promoting a different reaction, for example the removal of NOx, and a third number of tiles 22, in which the layer 38 is made with a catalytic material capable of removing unburnt materials, for example useful for applications to combustion chambers 4 with fuel oil.
In questo modo vengono sfruttate varie zone della camera di combustione 4 con diversi tipi di materiali catalitici aventi funzioni differenti a seconda della zona dove si sviluppano i composti da eliminare. In this way, various zones of the combustion chamber 4 are exploited with different types of catalytic materials having different functions according to the zone where the compounds to be eliminated develop.
Vantaggiosamente, grazie alla presenza di materiale catalitico all’interno del rivestimento 36 le emissioni della camera di combustione 4 sono ridotte. Advantageously, thanks to the presence of catalytic material inside the lining 36, the emissions of the combustion chamber 4 are reduced.
Oltretutto, essendo il rivestimento 36 applicato piastrella per piastrella, Ã ̈ possibile sostituire piastrelle in cui il materiale catalitico abbia perso efficacia o sia stato danneggiato. Moreover, since the coating 36 is applied tile by tile, it is possible to replace tiles in which the catalytic material has lost its effectiveness or has been damaged.
Spesso può accadere, infatti, che la matrice attiva possa subire un processo di disattivazione, che può essere dovuta alla presenza di composti “velenosi†(ad esempio composti a base di Zolfo) o all’ostruzione dei pori catalitici. Talvolta può accadere che anche il substrato venga danneggiato a causa della sinterizzazione. It can often happen, in fact, that the active matrix can undergo a deactivation process, which may be due to the presence of â € œpoisonousâ € compounds (for example sulfur-based compounds) or to the clogging of the catalytic pores. Sometimes it can happen that the substrate is also damaged due to sintering.
Inoltre, la porzione del rivestimento 36 esposta ai fumi subisce l’erosione/corrosione principalmente dovuta all’interazione col vapore acqueo ad alta temperatura presente nei fumi stessi. Furthermore, the portion of the coating 36 exposed to the fumes undergoes erosion / corrosion mainly due to the interaction with the high temperature water vapor present in the fumes themselves.
Risulta infine evidente che alla piastrella e alla camera di combustione qui descritte possono essere apportate modifiche e varianti senza uscire dall’ambito delle rivendicazioni allegate. Finally, it is evident that modifications and variations can be made to the tile and the combustion chamber described here without departing from the scope of the attached claims.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT001039A ITMI20131039A1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | TILE FOR THE COVERING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR OF PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ENERGY, AND A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE TILE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT001039A ITMI20131039A1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | TILE FOR THE COVERING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR OF PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ENERGY, AND A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE TILE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20131039A1 true ITMI20131039A1 (en) | 2014-12-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT001039A ITMI20131039A1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | TILE FOR THE COVERING OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, IN PARTICULAR OF PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ENERGY, AND A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE TILE |
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| Country | Link |
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| IT (1) | ITMI20131039A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5055440A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1991-10-08 | Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft | Catalyst and method for its manufacture |
| US5460002A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-10-24 | General Electric Company | Catalytically-and aerodynamically-assisted liner for gas turbine combustors |
| DE19516829A1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | Siemens Ag | Fossil fuel gas turbine for power plant |
| US20100180597A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | General Electric Company | System and method employing catalytic reactor coatings |
-
2013
- 2013-06-21 IT IT001039A patent/ITMI20131039A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5055440A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1991-10-08 | Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft | Catalyst and method for its manufacture |
| US5460002A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-10-24 | General Electric Company | Catalytically-and aerodynamically-assisted liner for gas turbine combustors |
| DE19516829A1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | Siemens Ag | Fossil fuel gas turbine for power plant |
| US20100180597A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | General Electric Company | System and method employing catalytic reactor coatings |
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