ITMI20121706A1 - PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF DIGESTATES WITH HIGH PH AND LOW NITROGEN CONTENT - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF DIGESTATES WITH HIGH PH AND LOW NITROGEN CONTENT Download PDFInfo
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- ITMI20121706A1 ITMI20121706A1 IT001706A ITMI20121706A ITMI20121706A1 IT MI20121706 A1 ITMI20121706 A1 IT MI20121706A1 IT 001706 A IT001706 A IT 001706A IT MI20121706 A ITMI20121706 A IT MI20121706A IT MI20121706 A1 ITMI20121706 A1 IT MI20121706A1
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- nitrogen
- digestate
- sulfuric acid
- ammonia
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Inorganic materials O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100443249 Caenorhabditis elegans dig-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- QUPVPSAQYXGFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].S(O)(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound [N].S(O)(O)(=O)=O QUPVPSAQYXGFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012256 powdered iron Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 102100026139 DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101000912753 Homo sapiens DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101100085126 Rattus norvegicus Ptgr1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100443250 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) DIG1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
- C05F17/15—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment the material being gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Forma oggetto del presente trovato un procedimento per la neutralizzazione di digestati ad elevato pH e basso contenuto di azoto. The present invention relates to a process for the neutralization of digestates with a high pH and low nitrogen content.
E' noto, nel settore tecnico del trattamento dei suoli agrari che i materiali biologici derivati dalla digestione anaerobica metanogenica (noti anche con il termine di digestati) possono rappresentare un valido contributo all'ammendamento dei terreni ed alla nutrizione delle piante in quanto, oltre alla sostanza organica, tali materiali contengono anche considerevoli quantità di azoto, fosforo, potassio, calcio e zolfo. It is known in the technical sector of the treatment of agricultural soils that biological materials derived from methanogenic anaerobic digestion (also known as digestates) can represent a valid contribution to soil amendment and plant nutrition as, in addition to organic substance, these materials also contain considerable quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur.
Mediamente i digestati, derivanti da trattamenti di materiali biologici eseguiti con tecnologie per liquidi, contengono una percentuale di sostanza secca compresa fra l'1% ed il 10% che dipende dalla tipologia dei materiali di partenza che subiscono la digestione anaerobica; esistono tuttavia anche trattamenti definiti "dry", che generano digestati con una percentuale di sostanza secca anche superiore al 35%. On average, digestates, deriving from treatments of biological materials carried out with liquid technologies, contain a percentage of dry matter between 1% and 10% which depends on the type of starting materials that undergo anaerobic digestion; however, there are also treatments defined as "dry", which generate digestates with a percentage of dry matter even higher than 35%.
Con specifico riferimento all'azoto à ̈ anche noto che la quantità di azoto totale contenuta in un digestato à ̈ praticamente la stessa contenuta nel materiale biologico originario e che il totale dell'azoto à ̈ costituito da una parte organica e da una parte inorganica. With specific reference to nitrogen, it is also known that the quantity of total nitrogen contained in a digestate is practically the same as that contained in the original biological material and that the total nitrogen consists of an organic part and an inorganic part.
A sua volta la quota inorganica à ̈ rappresentata per la maggior parte da azoto ammoniacale, ma comprende, anche se in minima parte, azoto nitrico e nitroso. L'azoto ureico fa parte dell'azoto organico . In turn, the inorganic share is represented for the most part by ammoniacal nitrogen, but includes, even if in a minimal part, nitric and nitrous nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is part of organic nitrogen.
In dettaglio l'azoto totale à ̈ mediamente compreso fra 1% e 6%, espresso sulla sostanza secca e la frazione ammoniacale à ̈ mediamente compresa fra il 50% e 80% dell'azoto totale. In detail, the total nitrogen is on average between 1% and 6%, expressed on the dry matter and the ammonia fraction is on average between 50% and 80% of the total nitrogen.
L'azoto nitrico e nitroso sono presenti in percentuali non significative rispetto al totale. L'elevata presenza di azoto, nel caso di impiego dei digestati su superfici agricole ridotte, può tuttavia generare problematiche negative per l'ambiente, quali l'inquinamento delle falde idriche e l'eutrofizzazione dei mari; sono stati pertanto messi a punto procedimenti di trattamento dei digestati atti a ridurre la percentuale di azoto presente al loro interno tramite trasformazione dell'azoto organico in azoto ammoniacale e successiva estrazione dell'ammoniaca con formazione di solfato di ammonio. Nitric and nitrous nitrogen are present in insignificant percentages with respect to the total. The high presence of nitrogen, in the case of the use of digestates on small agricultural surfaces, can however generate negative problems for the environment, such as pollution of water tables and eutrophication of the seas; therefore, digestate treatment procedures have been developed to reduce the percentage of nitrogen present in them by transforming organic nitrogen into ammoniacal nitrogen and subsequent extraction of ammonia with the formation of ammonium sulphate.
Sebbene funzionali, tali trattamenti generano tuttavia un digestato residuo che presenta normalmente un pH>10 che ne riduce drasticamente la spandibilità sui terreni agricoli. Although functional, these treatments nevertheless generate a residual digestate which normally has a pH> 10 which drastically reduces its spreadability on agricultural land.
Si pone pertanto il problema tecnico di mettere a punto un procedimento per il trattamento di digestati ad elevato pH il quale sìa in grado di generare miscele atte ad essere impiegate come correttivi dei suoli agrari. Therefore, the technical problem arises of developing a process for treating digestates with a high pH which is capable of generating mixtures suitable for use as corrective for agricultural soils.
Nell'ambito di tale problema tecnico si desidera anche che il procedimento sia applicabile a digestati risultanti da processi di riduzione del contenuto di azoto applicati a prodotti della digestione anaerobica metanogenica di biomasse. Within the scope of this technical problem, it is also desired that the process be applicable to digestates resulting from nitrogen content reduction processes applied to products of the methanogenic anaerobic digestion of biomass.
Tali risultati sono ottenuti secondo il presente trovato da un procedimento di neutralizzazione di digestati secondo le caratteristiche di rivendicazione 1. These results are obtained according to the present invention by a digestate neutralization process according to the characteristics of claim 1.
Maggiori dettagli potranno essere rilevati dalla seguente descrizione di un esempio non limitativo di attuazione dell'oggetto del presente trovato effettuata con riferimento ai disegni allegati, in cui si mostra: More details can be found from the following description of a non-limiting example of embodiment of the object of the present invention made with reference to the attached drawings, which show:
in figura 1 : uno schema a blocchi delle sequenze di processo del procedimento secondo il presente trovato; in figure 1: a block diagram of the process sequences of the process according to the present invention;
in figura 2 : uno schema a blocchi delle sequenze di processo del procedimento secondo il presente trovato con fasi preliminari di ottenimento del digestato a basso contenuto di azoto. in figure 2: a block diagram of the process sequences of the process according to the present invention with preliminary steps for obtaining the digestate with a low nitrogen content.
Come illustrato in fig.l il procedimento di trattamento per digestati DIG2 con pH>10 e contenuto totale (sulla sostanza secca) di Azoto<0,12% e di Calcio>17,8% comprende sostanzialmente una fase di neutralizzazione del digestato DIG2 stesso tramite aggiunta di Acido Solforico H2S04con generazione di una miscela di sostanza organica e solfato di calcio CaS04utilizzabile come correttivo di suoli agrari particolarmente suoli alcalini e/o salini. As shown in Fig. 1, the treatment process for DIG2 digestates with pH> 10 and total content (on dry matter) of Nitrogen <0.12% and Calcium> 17.8% substantially includes a neutralization phase of the DIG2 digestate itself. by adding Sulfuric Acid H2S04 with generation of a mixture of organic substance and calcium sulphate CaS04 usable as a corrective for agricultural soils, particularly alkaline and / or saline soils.
Da prove sperimentali effettuate si à ̈ verificato che un effetto positivo nella correzione dei suoli agrari viene determinato per miscele risultanti dal trattamento di neutralizzazione secondo il presente trovato che contengano quantità non inferiori al 20% in peso di ossido di calcio CaO, e al 15% in peso di anidride solforica S03sul peso totale della sostanza secca contenuta nella miscela. From experimental tests carried out it has been verified that a positive effect in the correction of agricultural soils is determined for mixtures resulting from the neutralization treatment according to the present invention which contain quantities of not less than 20% by weight of calcium oxide CaO, and 15% by weight of sulfuric anhydride S03 on the total weight of the dry substance contained in the mixture.
Secondo il trovato si prevede che per ottenere la miscela finale secondo quanto sopra descritto in fase di neutralizzazione venga introdotto un peso di H2S04puro in quantità compresa tra 200g e 300g, preferibilmente tra 215g e 240g per ogni Kg di sostanza secca di digestato DIG2. According to the invention it is envisaged that in order to obtain the final mixture according to what described above, a weight of pure H2SO4 is introduced in a quantity between 200g and 300g, preferably between 215g and 240g for each kg of dry substance of digestate DIG2.
Preferìbilmente l'acido solforico (H2S04)viene introdotto in forma liquida in quantità pari a 0,278 litri di H2S04al 50% per ogni Kg di sostanza secca, al fine di agevolare la manipolazione. Preferably, sulfuric acid (H2S04) is introduced in liquid form in a quantity equal to 0.278 liters of H2S04 at 50% for each kg of dry substance, in order to facilitate handling.
Più in dettaglio, nel digestato DIG2 sottoposto a neutralizzazione, gli ioni Ca<+>si combinano con l'acido solforico (H2S04) introdotto, generando solfato di calcio CaS04'2H20. More in detail, in the DIG2 digestate subjected to neutralization, the Ca <+> ions combine with the sulfuric acid (H2S04) introduced, generating calcium sulphate CaS04'2H20.
L'introduzione di acido solforico à ̈ effettuata in quantità tali da portare il digestato DIG2 prossimo alla neutralità (7<pH<8). The introduction of sulfuric acid is carried out in such quantities as to bring the digestate DIG2 close to neutrality (7 <pH <8).
Risulta pertanto come il procedimento di neutralizzazione secondo il presente trovato consenta di ottenere una miscela di sostanza organica e solfato di calcio (CaS04) la quale rientra nella definizione di "gesso di defecazione" che à ̈ considerato come il correttivo per uso agricolo più versatile in assoluto, poiché à ̈ uno di quei rarissimi materiali che agiscono beneficamente in svariate situazioni di trattamento dei suoli. Infatti sia nei suoli "salini", ricchi di sodio, sia nei suoli "alcalini non salini", pure ricchi di sodio e/o potassio, il gesso favorisce il riequilibrio della capacità di scambio cationico (c.s.c.), spostando dalle particelle colloidali del terreno gli ioni di metalli alcalini, monovalenti (sodio e potassio) , a favore di ioni alcalini bivalenti (calcio e magnesio). It therefore appears that the neutralization process according to the present invention allows to obtain a mixture of organic substance and calcium sulphate (CaS04) which falls within the definition of "defecation gypsum" which is considered as the most versatile corrective for agricultural use in absolute, as it is one of those very rare materials that act beneficially in various soil treatment situations. In fact, both in "saline" soils, rich in sodium, and in "alkaline non-saline" soils, also rich in sodium and / or potassium, gypsum favors the rebalancing of the cation exchange capacity (c.s.c.), displacing the colloidal particles of the soil monovalent alkali metal ions (sodium and potassium), in favor of divalent alkaline ions (calcium and magnesium).
Il gesso fornisce direttamente calcio, necessario alle piante per rinforzare le pareti cellulari, rendendole più resistenti alle malattie ed al gelo. Fornisce anche zolfo, che à ̈ fondamentale per l'attività della flora batterica utile del terreno. Essendo una delle migliori fonti di calcio, il più importante tra i cosiddetti "elementi nutritivi secondari", esplica un'azione regolatrice/bilanciante sia nelle piante, sia nel terreno: entro certi limiti, protegge da eccessi e da carenze di nutrienti, da problemi causati da eccessi di pH alto o basso o da contaminazioni da metalli pesanti. Inoltre ha un'azione sinergica con la sostanza organica nel miglioramento e soprattutto nella stabilizzazione di una buona struttura del terreno. Gypsum directly supplies calcium, which is necessary for plants to strengthen cell walls, making them more resistant to disease and frost. It also supplies sulfur, which is essential for the activity of the useful bacterial flora of the soil. Being one of the best sources of calcium, the most important of the so-called "secondary nutrients", it performs a regulating / balancing action both in plants and in the soil: within certain limits, it protects against excesses and deficiencies of nutrients, from problems caused by excesses of high or low pH or heavy metal contamination. It also has a synergistic action with the organic substance in the improvement and above all in the stabilization of a good soil structure.
L'aggiunta di gesso amplifica notevolmente l'azione della sostanza organica, poiché la stabilizzazione dei composti organo-minerali à ̈ tenuta insieme principalmente dall'azione del calcio, flocculando come umato di calcio; perciò agisce anche come miglioratore dei terreni compatti o tendenti al compattamento, influendo in modo positivo sulla loro struttura. The addition of gypsum greatly amplifies the action of the organic substance, since the stabilization of the organo-mineral compounds is held together mainly by the action of calcium, flocculating as calcium humate; therefore it also acts as an improver of compact or compacting soils, positively influencing their structure.
Secondo una forma preferita di attuazione del procedimento il digestato DIG2 da neutralizzare viene ottenuto da un digestato iniziale derivante dalla digestione anaerobica metanogenica di una biomassa tramite un processo di riduzione della quantità di azoto comprendente le seguenti fasi: a) conversione dell'azoto organico in azoto ammoniacale tramite attacco con acido solforico (HSO } in presenza di solfato di potassio; According to a preferred embodiment of the process, the DIG2 digestate to be neutralized is obtained from an initial digestate deriving from the methanogenic anaerobic digestion of a biomass through a nitrogen quantity reduction process comprising the following steps: a) conversion of organic nitrogen into nitrogen ammoniacal by etching with sulfuric acid (HSO} in the presence of potassium sulphate;
Il digestato DIG1 viene pompato in un primo reattore in acciaio inox e mantenuto in agitazione. Quindi viene introdotto acido solforico HSO fino a raggiungere pH compreso fra 1 e 2. DIG1 digestate is pumped into a first stainless steel reactor and kept under agitation. Then sulfuric acid HSO is introduced until reaching pH between 1 and 2.
Preferibilmente in tale fase sono anche aggiunti potassio solfato (KS04)in quantità compresa tra il 5% e il 10% in peso per Kg di sostanza secca allo scopo di favorire la mineralizzazione dell'Azoto organico e ferro metallico in polvere in quantità compresa tra lo 0,25% e lo 0,5% in peso per Kg di sostanza secca per la riduzione dei nitrati N0 e dei nitriti N0 ad azoto ammoniacale. Preferably, potassium sulphate (KS04) is also added in this phase in a quantity between 5% and 10% by weight per kg of dry substance in order to favor the mineralization of organic nitrogen and metallic iron powder in quantities ranging from 0.25% and 0.5% by weight per kg of dry substance for the reduction of N0 nitrates and N0 nitrites to ammoniacal nitrogen.
Secondo forme preferite di attuazione tale fase viene attuata sotto le seguenti condizioni: According to preferred embodiments, this step is carried out under the following conditions:
la massa à ̈ mantenuta riscaldata ad una temperatura maggiore di 60°C, preferibilmente compresa tra 70° e 75° C; the mass is kept heated to a temperature higher than 60 ° C, preferably between 70 ° and 75 ° C;
per un tempo di reazione di circa 60 minuti. Questo primo trattamento permette di idrolizzare le proteine presenti, liberando l'azoto organico che à ̈ convertito in ammoniacale. for a reaction time of about 60 minutes. This first treatment allows to hydrolyze the proteins present, releasing the organic nitrogen which is converted into ammonia.
b) condizionamento del digestato con innalzamento del pH a valori maggiori di 10, preferibilmente tramite l'aggiunta di ossido di calcio CaO, di calcio in quantità compresa tra 300 e 400 g, preferibilmente tra 315 e 350 g per Kg di sostanza secca, mantenendo una temperatura di processo compresa fra 50°C e 80°C , preferibilmente compresa tra 70 e 75 °C; b) conditioning of the digestate with raising the pH to values greater than 10, preferably by adding calcium oxide CaO, calcium in a quantity between 300 and 400 g, preferably between 315 and 350 g per kg of dry substance, while maintaining a process temperature comprised between 50 ° C and 80 ° C, preferably comprised between 70 and 75 ° C;
e) estrazione di ammoniaca in fase gassosa per la riduzione della quantità di azoto presente nel digestato; l'estrazione avviene all'interno di un reattore con: e) extraction of ammonia in the gaseous phase to reduce the quantity of nitrogen present in the digestate; the extraction takes place inside a reactor with:
+insufflazione di aria atmosferica mediante una soffiante, per generare un flusso di bolle che permettano il trascinamento dell'ammoniaca al di fuori del reattore, e una contemporanea aspirazione, tramite una seconda soffiante, posta a valle del reattore, della corrente d'aria contenente l'ammoniaca che si libera dalla massa;+introduzione di acido solforico, utilizzato come liquido circolante, in una colonna di assorbimento posta fra il reattore e la soffiante di aspirazione ; + insufflation of atmospheric air by means of a blower, to generate a flow of bubbles that allow the ammonia to be dragged out of the reactor, and a simultaneous suction, by means of a second blower, located downstream of the reactor, of the air stream containing ammonia released from the mass + introduction of sulfuric acid, used as a circulating liquid, into an absorption column placed between the reactor and the suction blower;
+nella stessa colonna risale, controcorrente, l'ammoniaca liberata dalla massa, la quale combinandosi con l'acido solforico H2S04forma solfato di ammonio in soluzione che viene estratto, immagazzinato, per l'utilizzo agronomico, e sostituito con altro acido solforico per la continuazione del processo. + in the same column, the ammonia released from the mass rises against the current, which combining with the sulfuric acid H2S04 forms ammonium sulphate in solution which is extracted, stored, for agronomic use, and replaced with other sulfuric acid for continuation of the process.
Al termine del trattamento, il digestato iniziale DIG1 Ã ̈ diventato un digestato intermedio DIG2 fortemente alcalino (pH>10), praticamente privo di azoto (N<0,12% espresso sulla sostanza secca), (ad eccezione di una minima frazione di azoto organico che non avesse reagito) e con contenuto di calcio Ca mediamente maggiore del 17,8% (espresso sulla sostanza secca), da avviare alla successiva fase di neutralizzazione secondo il presente trovato. At the end of the treatment, the initial digestate DIG1 has become an intermediate digestate DIG2 strongly alkaline (pH> 10), practically free of nitrogen (N <0.12% expressed on dry matter), (with the exception of a small fraction of nitrogen organic that had not reacted) and with a calcium Ca content on average greater than 17.8% (expressed on the dry matter), to be sent to the subsequent neutralization step according to the present invention.
Benché descritta nel contesto di alcune forme di realizzazione e di alcuni esempi preferiti di attuazione dell'invenzione si intende che l'ambito di protezione del presente brevetto sia determinato solo dalle rivendicazioni che seguono. Although described in the context of some embodiments and some preferred examples of embodiment of the invention, it is intended that the scope of protection of the present patent is determined only by the following claims.
Claims (16)
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| EP2998277B1 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2019-03-20 | Syngen S.r.l. | Method for treating biological materials associated with the wastewater purification cycle |
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