ITMI20121249A1

ITMI20121249A1 - PROCESS, MOLD, PLUG AND KIT TO MANUFACTURE PRODUCTS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AS WELL AS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED WITH THIS PROCESS AND / OR WITH THESE MEANS

Info

Publication number: ITMI20121249A1
Application number: IT001249A
Authority: IT
Inventors: Nicolo Pasini
Original assignee: Automobili Lamborghini Spa
Priority date: 2012-07-18
Filing date: 2012-07-18
Publication date: 2014-01-19

Description

PROCESSO, STAMPO, SPINA E KIT PER FABBRICARE PRODOTTI IN MATERIALI COMPOSITI, NONCHÈ PRODOTTI FABBRICATI CON QUESTO PROCESSO E/O CON QUESTI MEZZI PROCESS, MOLD, PLUG AND KIT FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE MATERIAL PRODUCTS, AS WELL AS PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED WITH THIS PROCESS AND / OR WITH THESE MEANS

La presente invenzione riguarda un processo per fabbricare prodotti in materiali compositi. La presente invenzione riguarda anche uno stampo, una spina ed un kit che possono essere impiegati per realizzare tale processo, nonché i prodotti fabbricati con questo processo e/o con questi mezzi. The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing composite material products. The present invention also relates to a mold, a plug and a kit that can be used to carry out this process, as well as the products manufactured with this process and / or with these means.

Prodotti noti in materiali compositi incorporano inserti filettati per il fissaggio di componenti e/o strutture. Questi inserti possono essere inseriti allo stato grezzo tra gli strati di fibre e lavorati dopo la polimerizzazione della resina con macchine a controllo numerico, le quali realizzano le forature e le filettature. La precisione richiesta da questa lavorazione è estremamente importante perché deve essere garantita l’esatta posizione dei fori filettati nel prodotto finale. Tuttavia, questa lavorazione è costosa, lunga e difficile da realizzare. Known products in composite materials incorporate threaded inserts for fastening components and / or structures. These inserts can be inserted in the raw state between the layers of fibers and processed after the polymerization of the resin with numerical control machines, which carry out the holes and threads. The precision required by this processing is extremely important because the exact position of the threaded holes in the final product must be guaranteed. However, this process is expensive, time-consuming and difficult to accomplish.

Per ovviare a questo problema, inserti già filettati vengono infilati su spine lisce fissate saldamente allo stampo, dopodiché gli strati di fibre sono disposti e polimerizzati sullo stampo, in modo da incorporare gli inserti filettati. Tuttavia, questo processo noto non garantisce l’esatta disposizione degli inserti nel prodotto finale ed inoltre è possibile incorporare solo inserti aventi fori che sono disposti su assi perfettamente paralleli all’asse di estrazione del prodotto dallo stampo, altrimenti questa estrazione sarebbe impossibile. To overcome this problem, already threaded inserts are threaded onto smooth pins firmly fixed to the mold, after which the layers of fibers are arranged and polymerized on the mold, so as to incorporate the threaded inserts. However, this known process does not guarantee the exact arrangement of the inserts in the final product and it is also possible to incorporate only inserts with holes that are arranged on axes perfectly parallel to the axis of extraction of the product from the mold, otherwise this extraction would be impossible.

Scopo della presente invenzione è pertanto quello di fornire un processo esente da tali inconvenienti. Detto scopo viene conseguito con un processo, uno stampo, una spina ed un kit, le cui caratteristiche principali sono specificate rispettivamente nelle rivendicazioni 14, 13, 1 e 12, mentre altre caratteristiche sono specificate nelle restanti rivendicazioni. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a process free from such drawbacks. Said object is achieved with a process, a mold, a plug and a kit, the main characteristics of which are specified respectively in claims 14, 13, 1 and 12, while other characteristics are specified in the remaining claims.

Grazie alle particolari spine parzialmente filettate che sono inserite in maniera rimovibile nello stampo, il processo secondo la presente invenzione consente non solo di disporre inserti già filettati in posizioni estremamente precise sullo stampo, in quanto le spine sono inserite in fori che possono essere realizzati facilmente sullo stampo con macchine a controllo numerico, ma anche di orientare questi inserti secondo assi non paralleli all’asse di estrazione, in quanto le spine possono essere rimosse facilmente prima di estrarre il prodotto dallo stampo. Le spine possono inoltre essere reinserite facilmente nello stampo per fabbricare un nuovo prodotto. Thanks to the particular partially threaded pins that are inserted in a removable way in the mold, the process according to the present invention allows not only to arrange already threaded inserts in extremely precise positions on the mold, as the pins are inserted into holes that can be easily made on the mold with numerical control machines, but also to orient these inserts along axes not parallel to the extraction axis, as the pins can be easily removed before extracting the product from the mold. The pins can also be easily reinserted into the mold to make a new product.

Il processo secondo la presente invenzione consente anche di disporre alcuni strati di fibre tra l’inserto e lo stampo, senza perdere l’esatta posizione dell’inserto, in modo da ottenere una migliore unione tra inserto e prodotto finale. The process according to the present invention also allows to arrange some layers of fibers between the insert and the mold, without losing the exact position of the insert, in order to obtain a better union between the insert and the final product.

Gli inserti sono provvisti di particolari rilievi perimetrali che consentono un accoppiamento preciso con gli strati di fibre e/o di una cavità cilindrica per chiudere ermeticamente il foro filettato con un particolare tappo complementare, in modo che il prodotto finito può essere a sua volta usato come stampo per altri prodotti, nel qual caso lo stampo con le spine viene denominato master. The inserts are provided with particular perimeter reliefs that allow a precise coupling with the layers of fibers and / or a cylindrical cavity to hermetically close the threaded hole with a particular complementary cap, so that the finished product can in turn be used as a mold for other products, in which case the mold with the pins is called the master.

Un particolare estrattore provvisto di una filettatura inversa consente l’accoppiamento meccanico e la successiva a rimozione della spina in maniera facile e veloce, dato che è necessaria solo una rotazione dell’estrattore nella stessa direzione. A particular extractor equipped with a reverse thread allows mechanical coupling and subsequent removal of the pin in an easy and fast way, since only one rotation of the extractor in the same direction is required.

Un kit comprendente una o più spine, inserti e/o tappi, nonché preferibilmente anche un estrattore, è particolarmente utile per fabbricare prodotti in materiali compositi adattando stampi o master impiegati in precedenza con altri processi, anche di tipo noto. A kit comprising one or more pins, inserts and / or caps, as well as preferably also an extractor, is particularly useful for manufacturing composite material products by adapting molds or masters previously used with other processes, even of known type.

Ulteriori vantaggi e caratteristiche del processo, dello stampo, dei dispositivi e del kit secondo la presente invenzione risulteranno evidenti agli esperti del ramo dalla seguente descrizione dettagliata e non limitativa di una loro forma realizzativa con riferimento agli annessi disegni in cui: Further advantages and characteristics of the process, of the mold, of the devices and of the kit according to the present invention will become evident to those skilled in the art from the following detailed and non-limiting description of one of their embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:

- la figura 1 mostra una sezione longitudinale dell’inserto; - Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the insert;

- la figura 2 mostra una vista prospettica dell’inserto di figura 1; - figure 2 shows a perspective view of the insert of figure 1;

- la figura 3 mostra una sezione longitudinale della spina; - figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of the plug;

- la figura 4 mostra una vista prospettica della spina di figura 3; figure 4 shows a perspective view of the pin of figure 3;

- la figura 5 mostra una sezione longitudinale dell’estrattore; - Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of the extractor;

- la figura 6 mostra una vista prospettica dell’estrattore di figura 5; - figure 6 shows a perspective view of the extractor of figure 5;

- la figura 7 mostra una sezione longitudinale del tappo; - figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the cap;

- la figura 8 mostra una vista prospettica del tappo di figura 7; e figure 8 shows a perspective view of the cap of figure 7; And

- le figure da 9 a 14 mostrano sezioni longitudinali del kit, dello stampo e del prodotto le fasi operative del processo. - Figures 9 to 14 show longitudinal sections of the kit, the mold and the product, the operational phases of the process.

Facendo riferimento alle figure 1 e 2, si vede che un inserto 1 per materiali compositi comprende in modo noto un foro passante 2 provvisto di una filettatura interna 3, in cui il diametro del foro passante 2 è maggiore od almeno uguale, in particolare uguale, al primo diametro d1 della filettatura interna 3. L’inserto 1 presenta una forma sostanzialmente cilindrica la cui parete esterna presenta un secondo diametro d2 ed almeno un rilievo perimetrale 4, 5, 6. La parete esterna dell’inserto 1 è preferibilmente trattata, in particolare con un processo di sabbiatura, per rimuovere eventuali agenti contaminanti e poi ripulita. Un primo rilievo perimetrale 4 presenta un profilo esterno poligonale, in particolare esagonale, ed è disposto intorno ad una prima estremità 1a dell’inserto 1, in particolare l’estremità che è accessibile dall’esterno quando l’inserto 1 viene inserito in un prodotto in materiali compositi. Un secondo rilievo perimetrale 5 è disposto intorno alla seconda estremità 1b dell’inserto 1 opposta alla prima estremità 1a e presenta un profilo esterno cilindrico avente un diametro minore del primo rilievo perimetrale 4. Un terzo rilievo perimetrale 6 è sostanzialmente uguale al secondo rilievo perimetrale 5 ed è disposto tra le due estremità 1a, 1b dell’inserto 1, ovvero tra il primo rilievo perimetrale 4 ed il secondo rilievo perimetrale 5. Un’estremità del foro passante 2 sbocca su una cavità cilindrica 7 non filettata che è coassiale al foro passante 2 e presenta un terzo diametro d3 maggiore od uguale al primo diametro d1 della filettatura interna 3 del foro passante 2 e minore del secondo diametro d2 dell’inserto 1. La cavità cilindrica 7 sbocca a sua volta sulla seconda estremità 1b dell’inserto 1, ovvero sull’estremità opposta al primo rilievo perimetrale 4. With reference to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that an insert 1 for composite materials comprises in a known way a through hole 2 provided with an internal thread 3, in which the diameter of the through hole 2 is greater or at least equal, in particular equal, to the first diameter d1 of the internal thread 3. The insert 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape whose external wall has a second diameter d2 and at least one perimeter relief 4, 5, 6. The external wall of the insert 1 is preferably treated, in particularly with a sandblasting process, to remove any contaminants and then cleaned. A first perimeter relief 4 has an external polygonal profile, in particular hexagonal, and is arranged around a first end 1a of the insert 1, in particular the end which is accessible from the outside when the insert 1 is inserted into a product in composite materials. A second perimeter relief 5 is arranged around the second end 1b of the insert 1 opposite the first end 1a and has a cylindrical external profile having a smaller diameter than the first perimeter relief 4. A third perimeter relief 6 is substantially the same as the second perimeter relief 5 and is arranged between the two ends 1a, 1b of the insert 1, or between the first perimeter relief 4 and the second perimeter relief 5. One end of the through hole 2 opens onto a non-threaded cylindrical cavity 7 which is coaxial to the through hole 2 and has a third diameter d3 greater than or equal to the first diameter d1 of the internal thread 3 of the through hole 2 and smaller than the second diameter d2 of the insert 1. The cylindrical cavity 7 in turn opens onto the second end 1b of the insert 1, or on the opposite end to the first perimeter relief 4.

Facendo riferimento alle figure 3 e 4, si vede che la spina 8 secondo la presente invenzione comprende una punta smussata 9, in particolare arrotondata, ed una filettatura esterna 10 avente sostanzialmente lo stesso diametro d1 della filettatura interna 3 dell’inserto 1. La filettatura esterna 10 copre solo una porzione della spina 8, mentre la restante porzione 8a non è filettata e presenta un quarto diametro d4 minore del diametro d1 della filettatura esterna 10. L’estremità della spina 8 opposta alla porzione non filettata 8a è provvista di un primo organo di collegamento 11 per ruotare la spina 8 intorno al proprio asse longitudinale. Nella presente forma realizzativa, il primo organo di collegamento 11 è preferibilmente un foro coassiale provvisto di una SIB - 4 - BI2401M-TE.DOC With reference to Figures 3 and 4, it can be seen that the pin 8 according to the present invention comprises a blunt tip 9, in particular rounded, and an external thread 10 having substantially the same diameter d1 as the internal thread 3 of the insert 1. The thread external thread 10 covers only a portion of the pin 8, while the remaining portion 8a is not threaded and has a fourth diameter d4 smaller than the diameter d1 of the external thread 10. The end of the pin 8 opposite the non-threaded portion 8a is provided with a first connecting member 11 to rotate the pin 8 around its longitudinal axis. In the present embodiment, the first connecting member 11 is preferably a coaxial hole provided with a SIB - 4 - BI2401M-TE.DOC

filettatura interna 12 avente un quinto diametro d5 e ricavata nel verso opposto della filettatura esterna 10, ma in altre forme realizzative il primo organo di collegamento 11 può comprendere ad esempio una sede od una testa prismatica coassiale, di sezione quadrata, ottagonale o a croce. internal thread 12 having a fifth diameter d5 and obtained in the opposite direction of the external thread 10, but in other embodiments the first connecting member 11 can comprise for example a seat or a coaxial prismatic head, with a square, octagonal or cross section.

5 Facendo riferimento alle figure 5 e 6, si vede che l’estrattore 13 secondo la presente invenzione comprende uno stelo con un’estremità provvista di un secondo organo di collegamento 14 complementare al primo organo di collegamento 11 della spina 8, in particolare una filettatura esterna avente lo stesso verso ed un diametro sostanzialmente uguale al quinto diametro d5 della filettatura interna 12 della spina 8. 10 L’altra estremità dell’estrattore 13 comprende mezzi di rotazione 15, ad esempio una testa cilindrica zigrinata per consentire la rotazione manuale dell’estrattore 13 intorno al suo asse longitudinale. I mezzi di rotazione 15 possono anche essere meccanici e/o elettrici, ad esempio comprendendo una testa sagomata per essere accoppiata con una punta complementare di trapano od un avvitatore elettrico. 5 With reference to Figures 5 and 6, it can be seen that the extractor 13 according to the present invention comprises a stem with one end provided with a second connection member 14 complementary to the first connection member 11 of the pin 8, in particular a thread having the same direction and a diameter substantially equal to the fifth diameter d5 of the internal thread 12 of the pin 8. 10 The other end of the extractor 13 comprises rotation means 15, for example a cylindrical knurled head to allow manual rotation of the extractor 13 about its longitudinal axis. The rotation means 15 can also be mechanical and / or electrical, for example comprising a head shaped to be coupled with a complementary drill bit or an electric screwdriver.

15 Facendo riferimento alle figure 7 e 8, si vede che il tappo 17 secondo la presente invenzione comprende un corpo cilindrico avente un diametro sostanzialmente uguale al terzo diametro d3 della cavità cilindrica 7 dell’inserto 1. Almeno una guarnizione anulare 18 è disposta in una scanalatura perimetrale ricavata nella parete esterna del corpo cilindrico, che è unito ad un gambo filettato 19 coassiale avente un diametro 20 sostanzialmente uguale al primo diametro d1 della filettatura interna 3 dell’inserto 1, ovvero un diametro minore od uguale al diametro d3 del corpo cilindrico, in modo che il tappo 17 può essere avvitato nell’inserto 1 col corpo cilindrico disposto nella cavità cilindrica 7 dell’inserto 1. Il tappo 17 comprende anche una testa 20 all’estremità opposta del gambo filettato 19, la quale testa 20 presenta una porzione sagomata 21, ad 25 esempio una sede prismatica con profilo poligonale, in particolare esagonale, in modo che il gambo filettato 19 può essere ruotato agendo sulla porzione sagomata 21, ad esempio con un utensile, fino a quando la testa 20 batte contro la seconda estremità 1b dell’inserto 1. La porzione sagomata 21 può anche consistere in una testa cilindrica zigrinata come i mezzi di rotazione 15 dell’estrattore 13. 15 Referring to Figures 7 and 8, it can be seen that the plug 17 according to the present invention comprises a cylindrical body having a diameter substantially equal to the third diameter d3 of the cylindrical cavity 7 of the insert 1. At least one annular gasket 18 is arranged in a perimeter groove made in the outer wall of the cylindrical body, which is joined to a coaxial threaded shank 19 having a diameter 20 substantially equal to the first diameter d1 of the internal thread 3 of the insert 1, i.e. a diameter less than or equal to the diameter d3 of the cylindrical body , so that the plug 17 can be screwed into the insert 1 with the cylindrical body arranged in the cylindrical cavity 7 of the insert 1. The plug 17 also comprises a head 20 at the opposite end of the threaded stem 19, which head 20 has a shaped portion 21, for example 25 a prismatic seat with polygonal profile, in particular hexagonal, so that the threaded shank 19 can be rotated ag endo on the shaped portion 21, for example with a tool, until the head 20 strikes against the second end 1b of the insert 1. The shaped portion 21 can also consist of a cylindrical knurled head like the rotation means 15 of the extractor 13.

30 Facendo riferimento alla figura 9, si vede che in una prima fase operativa del processo secondo la presente invenzione la spina 8 viene ricoperta con una sostanza distaccante ed inserita in un foro 22 eseguito su uno stampo 23. Il foro 22 ha sostanzialmente lo stesso diametro d4 della porzione non filettata 8a della spina 8, in modo che la filettatura esterna 10 della spina 8 sporga dallo stampo 23. 30 Referring to figure 9, it can be seen that in a first operative phase of the process according to the present invention the pin 8 is covered with a release substance and inserted in a hole 22 made on a mold 23. The hole 22 has substantially the same diameter d4 of the non-threaded portion 8a of the pin 8, so that the external thread 10 of the pin 8 protrudes from the mold 23.

Facendo riferimento alla figura 10, si vede che in una seconda fase operativa uno o più primi strati 24 di fibre, in particolare fibre di carbonio, vengono disposti sullo stampo 23. I primi strati 24 sono provvisti di almeno un foro avente un diametro sostanzialmente uguale al diametro d1 della filettatura esterna 10 della spina 8, in modo che quest’ultima può essere disposta in questo foro. With reference to Figure 10, it can be seen that in a second operating step one or more first layers 24 of fibers, in particular carbon fibers, are arranged on the mold 23. The first layers 24 are provided with at least one hole having a substantially equal diameter to the diameter d1 of the external thread 10 of the pin 8, so that the latter can be arranged in this hole.

Facendo riferimento alla figura 11, si vede che in una terza fase operativa l’inserto 1 viene avvitato sulla filettatura esterna 10 della spina 8, fino a quando il primo rilievo perimetrale 4 non viene a contatto con un primo strato 24. In una forma realizzativa alternativa, l’inserto 1 viene avvitato sulla spina 8 senza disporre i primi strati 24 sullo stampo 23, cosicché l’inserto 1 viene a contatto con lo stampo 23. L’inserto 1 può essere ruotato mediante un utensile accoppiato con la superficie poligonale del primo rilievo perimetrale 4. With reference to Figure 11, it can be seen that in a third operating step the insert 1 is screwed onto the external thread 10 of the pin 8, until the first perimeter relief 4 comes into contact with a first layer 24. In one embodiment alternatively, the insert 1 is screwed onto the pin 8 without placing the first layers 24 on the mold 23, so that the insert 1 comes into contact with the mold 23. The insert 1 can be rotated by means of a tool coupled with the polygonal surface of the first perimeter survey 4.

Facendo riferimento alla figura 12, si vede che in una quarta fase operativa uno o più secondi strati 25 di fibre, in particolare fibre di carbonio, vengono disposti uno sull’altro sopra i primi strati 24 oppure, se questi ultimi sono assenti, direttamente sullo stampo 23. I secondi strati 25 sono provvisti di almeno un’apertura avente un diametro sostanzialmente uguale al secondo diametro d2 dell’inserto 1, in modo che quest’ultimo sia disposto in quest’apertura. Alcuni secondi strati 25 possono essere provvisti di un’apertura più grande per adattarsi al profilo esterno del primo rilievo perimetrale 4. I secondi strati 25 sono disposti uno sull’altro fino a quando raggiungono il terzo rilievo perimetrale 6. Durante la loro deposizione, gli strati 24, 25 sono leggermente forzati sull’inserto 1 per oltrepassare i rilievi perimetrali 4, 5 e/o 6. With reference to Figure 12, it can be seen that in a fourth operating step one or more second layers 25 of fibers, in particular carbon fibers, are arranged one on top of the other on top of the first layers 24 or, if the latter are absent, directly on the mold 23. The second layers 25 are provided with at least one opening having a diameter substantially equal to the second diameter d2 of the insert 1, so that the latter is disposed in this opening. Some second layers 25 can be provided with a larger opening to adapt to the external profile of the first perimeter relief 4. The second layers 25 are arranged one on top of the other until they reach the third perimeter relief 6. During their deposition, the layers 24, 25 are slightly forced on the insert 1 to go beyond the perimeter reliefs 4, 5 and / or 6.

Facendo riferimento alla figura 13, si vede che in una quinta fase operativa lo stampo 23 viene chiuso e gli strati 24 e 25 sono impregnati con resina, che viene poi polimerizzata in modo da formare un prodotto 26 in materiale composito che incorpora l’inserto 1 e gli strati 24, 25, dopodiché lo stampo 23 viene aperto. La spina 8 viene quindi svitata dall’inserto 1 e rimossa dal foro 22 dello stampo 23 ruotando l’estrattore 13. Durante questa rimozione, il secondo organo di collegamento 14 dell’estrattore 13 è accoppiato meccanicamente col primo organo di collegamento 11 della spina 8. La spina 8 viene preferibilmente rimossa anche dall’inserto 1. Gli strati 24, 25 possono essere secchi, ovvero con un contenuto di resina inferiore al 10%, oppure essere preimpregnati di resina, nel qual caso non viene iniettata resina nello stampo 23 per fabbricare il prodotto 26. Referring to Figure 13, it can be seen that in a fifth operational phase the mold 23 is closed and the layers 24 and 25 are impregnated with resin, which is then polymerized to form a composite material product 26 which incorporates the insert 1 and the layers 24, 25, after which the mold 23 is opened. The pin 8 is then unscrewed from the insert 1 and removed from the hole 22 of the mold 23 by rotating the extractor 13. During this removal, the second connecting member 14 of the extractor 13 is mechanically coupled with the first connecting member 11 of the pin 8 The pin 8 is preferably also removed from the insert 1. The layers 24, 25 can be dry, that is with a resin content lower than 10%, or be pre-impregnated with resin, in which case no resin is injected into the mold 23 for manufacture the product 26.

Facendo riferimento alla figura 14, si vede che prima di estrarre il prodotto 26 dallo stampo 23, l’inserto 1 può essere chiuso ermeticamente dal tappo 17 avvitato mediante un utensile 28 nella seconda estremità 1b opposta al foro 27 ricavato nel pezzo 26 in corrispondenza del foro passante 2 dell’inserto 1. With reference to figure 14, it can be seen that before extracting the product 26 from the mold 23, the insert 1 can be hermetically closed by the cap 17 screwed by means of a tool 28 in the second end 1b opposite the hole 27 obtained in the piece 26 in correspondence with the through hole 2 of insert 1.

Eventuali varianti e/o aggiunte possono essere apportate dagli esperti del ramo alla forma realizzativa dell'invenzione qui descritta ed illustrata restando nell’ambito delle seguenti rivendicazioni. Any variations and / or additions can be made by those skilled in the art to the embodiment of the invention described and illustrated here, remaining within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Pin (8) comprising a non-threaded portion (8a) adapted to be inserted into a hole (22) of a mold (23), characterized in that it also comprises a portion with an external thread (10), the end of the pin (8) opposite the non-threaded portion (8a) being provided with a connecting member (11) to rotate the pin (8) around its longitudinal axis, in which the diameter (d4) of the non-threaded portion (8a) is smaller than the diameter (d1) of the external thread (10). 2. Plug according to the previous claim, characterized by the fact that the connecting member (11) is a coaxial hole provided with an internal thread (12) obtained in the opposite direction of the external thread (10). 3. Kit for composite materials, characterized in that it includes at least one insert (1) comprising a through hole (2) provided with an internal thread (3) and at least one pin (8) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the pin (8) is adapted to be screwed into the internal thread (3) of the insert (1). 4. Kit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the diameter of the through hole (2) of the insert (1) is greater than or at least equal to the diameter (d1) of the internal thread (3), in which one end of the hole through hole (2) opens onto a non-threaded cylindrical cavity (7) which is coaxial to the through hole (2) and has a diameter (d3) greater than or equal to the diameter (d1) of the internal thread (3) of the through hole (2) , the cylindrical cavity (7) opening in turn on one end (1b) of the insert (1). 5. Kit according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the outer wall of the insert (1) has at least one perimeter relief (4, 5, 6). 6. Kit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a perimeter relief (4) has a polygonal external profile, in particular hexagonal, and is arranged around the end (1a) of the insert (1) opposite the end (1b ) with the cylindrical cavity (7). 7. Kit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a perimeter relief (5) is arranged around the end (1b) with the cylindrical cavity (7). 8. Kit according to the previous claim, characterized in that said perimeter relief (5) has a smaller diameter than the perimeter relief (4) according to claim 6. 9. Kit according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a perimeter relief (6) is arranged between the two ends (1a, 1b) of the insert (1). Kit according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that it also includes an extractor (13) for a pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2, which extractor (13) comprises a stem with one end provided of a connection member (14) complementary to the connection member (11) of the plug (8) and the other end comprising rotation means (15) for rotating the extractor (13) about its longitudinal axis. Kit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that its connecting member (14) comprises an external thread having the same direction and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter (d5) of the internal thread (12) of the pin (8). Kit according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that it also includes a plug (17) adapted to be screwed into the internal thread (3) of the insert (1) and comprising a cylindrical body with at least one annular gasket ( 18) arranged in a perimeter groove made in the outer wall of the cylindrical body, which cylindrical body has one end joined to a coaxial threaded shank (19) having a diameter (d1) less than or equal to the diameter (d3) of the cylindrical body, while the other end comprises a head (20) provided with a shaped portion (21) for rotating the threaded stem (19). 13. Mold (23) for composite materials, characterized in that it comprises at least one pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2, which pin (8) is partially inserted in a removable manner in a hole (22) obtained in the mold ( 23). 14. Process for manufacturing products (26) in composite materials, characterized in that it comprises the following operational steps: - screwing at least one insert (1) provided with a threaded hole (2) on the external thread (10) of at least one pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2 partially removably inserted in a mold (23); - place on the mold (23) one or more layers of fibers (25) provided with at least one opening in which the insert (1) is placed; - polymerize the resin with the layers (25) arranged on the mold (23), in order to obtain a product (26) in composite material that incorporates the insert (1) and the layers (25); - rotate the pin (8) in the insert (1) to remove it from the mold (23). 15. Process according to the previous claim, characterized in that the pin (8), during its rotation, is also removed from the insert (1). 16. Process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that one or more layers of fibers (24) provided with at least one hole in which the pin (8) is arranged are arranged on the mold (23) before screwing the insert (1) on the plug (8). 17. Process according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized by the fact that the insert (1) is hermetically closed by a cap (17) after the pin (8) is removed from the insert (1). CLAIMS 1. Pin (8) comprising a non-threaded portion (8a) suitable for being inserted into a hole (22) of a mold (23), characterized by comprising also a portion with an outer thread (10), the end of the pin (8) opposite to the non-threaded portion (8a) being provided with a connection member (11) for rotating the pin (8) around its longitudinal axis, wherein the diameter (d4) of the non-threaded portion (8a) is shorter than the diameter (d1) of the outer thread (10).

2. Pin according to the previous claim, characterized in that the connection member (11) is a coaxial hole provided with an inner thread (12) made in the opposite hand of the outer thread (10).

3. Kit for composite materials, characterized by including at least one insert (1) comprising a through hole (2) provided with an inner thread (3) and at least one pin (8) according to one of the previous claims, wherein the pin (8) is suitable to be screwed in the inner thread (3) of the insert (1).

4. Kit according to the previous claim, characterized in that the diameter of the through hole (2) of the insert (1) is greater than or at least equal to the diameter (d1) of the inner thread (3), wherein one end of the through hole (2) leads to a non-threaded cylindrical cavity (7) which is coaxial to the through hole (2) and has a diameter (d3) greater than or equal to the diameter (d1) of the inner thread (3) of the through hole (2), the cylindrical cavity (7) leading in turn to one end (1b) of the insert (1).

5. Kit according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the outer wall of the insert (1) has at least one perimetric ridge (4, 5, 6).

6. Kit according to the previous claim, characterized in that a perimetric ridge (4) has a polygonal, in particular hexagonal, outer profile and is arranged around the end (1a) of the insert (1) opposite to the end (1b) with the cylindrical cavity (7).

7. Kit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a perimetric ridge (5) is arranged around the end (1b) with the cylindrical cavity (7).

8. Kit according to the previous claim, characterized in that said perimetric ridge (5) has a diameter smaller than the perimetric ridge (4) according to claim 6.

9. Kit according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a perimetric ridge (6) is arranged between the ends (1a, 1b) of the insert (1).

10. Kit according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that it also includes an extractor (13) for a pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2, which extractor (13) comprises a shank with one end provided with a connection member (14) complementary to the connection member (11) of the pin (8) and the other end comprising rotation means (15) for rotating the extractor (13) around its longitudinal axis.

11. Kit according to the previous claim, characterized in that its connection member (14) comprises an outer thread having the same hand and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter (d5) of the inner thread (12) of the pin (8) .

12. Kit according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that it also includes a plug (17) suitable for being screwed in the inner thread (3) of the insert (1) and comprising a cylindrical body with at least one annular gasket (18) arranged in a perimetric groove made in the outer wall of the cylindrical body, which cylindrical body has one end joined to a coaxial threaded stem (19) having a diameter (d1) shorter than or equal to the diameter (d3) of the cylindrical body, while the other end comprises a head (20) provided with a shaped portion (21) for rotating the threaded stem (19).

13. Mold (23) for composite materials, characterized by comprising at least one pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2, which pin (8) is partially inserted in a removable manner in a hole (22) made in the mold ( 23).

14. Process for manufacturing products (26) made of composite materials, characterized in that it comprises the following operating steps: - screwing at least one insert (1) provided with a threaded hole (2) on the outer thread (10) of at least one pin (8) according to claim 1 or 2 partially inserted in a removable manner in a mold (23) ; - arranging on the mold (23) one or more fiber layers (25) provided with at least one opening where the insert (1) is arranged; - curing resin with the layers (25) arranged on the mold (23), so as to obtain a product (26) made of a composite material which incorporates the insert (1) and the layers (25); - rotating the pin (8) in the insert (1) for removing the pin (8) from the mold (23).

15. Process according to the previous claim, characterized in that the pin (8), during its rotation, is also removed from the insert (1).

16. Process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that one or more fiber layers (24) provided with at least one hole in which the pin (8) is arranged are arranged on the mold (23) before screwing the insert (1 ) on the pin (8).

17. Process according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the insert (1) is hermetically closed by a plug (17) after the pin (8) is removed from the insert (1).