ITMI20091650A1 - PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE LEAD QUANTITY RELEASED BY BRONZE AND / OR BRASS HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS IN LIQUIDS INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE LEAD QUANTITY RELEASED BY BRONZE AND / OR BRASS HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS IN LIQUIDS INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. Download PDFInfo
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- ITMI20091650A1 ITMI20091650A1 IT001650A ITMI20091650A ITMI20091650A1 IT MI20091650 A1 ITMI20091650 A1 IT MI20091650A1 IT 001650 A IT001650 A IT 001650A IT MI20091650 A ITMI20091650 A IT MI20091650A IT MI20091650 A1 ITMI20091650 A1 IT MI20091650A1
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- lead
- tin
- brass
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015114 espresso Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007866 Chamaemelum nobile Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000042664 Matricaria chamomilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007232 Matricaria chamomilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000974926 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Alcohol O-acetyltransferase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000482 effect on migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/09—Component parts or accessories
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Description
“Procedimento per la riduzione del quantitativo di piombo, rilasciato da componenti idraulici in bronzo e/o in ottone in liquidi destinati al consumo umano.†⠀ œProcedure for reducing the quantity of lead, released from hydraulic components in bronze and / or brass in liquids intended for human consumption.â €
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un procedimento per la riduzione del quantitativo di elementi nocivi alla salute umana, particolarmente il piombo, rilasciati da componenti idraulici, costituiti da leghe metalliche, quali bronzo ed ottone, quando vengono in contatto con liquidi destinati alla formazione di bevande destinate al consumo umano. The present invention refers to a process for reducing the quantity of elements harmful to human health, particularly lead, released from hydraulic components, consisting of metal alloys, such as bronze and brass, when they come into contact with liquids intended for the formation of beverages. intended for human consumption.
Per componenti idraulici si intendono tubazioni, raccordi, rubinetti, valvole e caldaie che vengono normalmente utilizzati in impianti sanitari e nella costruzione di macchine destinate alla preparazione di bevande ad uso umano quali, ad esempio, le macchine per la preparazione ed erogazione di caffà ̈ che includono anche la erogazione di latte, sia caldo che freddo e la preparazione di infusi, quali ad esempio, te e camomilla. By hydraulic components we mean pipes, fittings, taps, valves and boilers that are normally used in sanitary systems and in the construction of machines for the preparation of beverages for human use such as, for example, machines for the preparation and dispensing of coffee that they also include the dispensing of milk, both hot and cold, and the preparation of infusions, such as, for example, tea and chamomile.
I liquidi trattati in tali macchine e destinati all’uso umano, devono soddisfare stringenti norme che impongono particolari limitazioni al quantitativo ammesso di materiali nocivi alla salute umana tra i quali il piombo ed il nickel. The liquids treated in these machines and intended for human use must meet stringent standards that impose particular limitations on the permitted quantity of materials harmful to human health, including lead and nickel.
Come à ̈ noto, i componenti idraulici menzionati in precedenza sono normalmente realizzati in bronzo oppure in ottone che sono, rispettivamente, una lega di rame e stagno ed una lega di rame e zinco. As is known, the hydraulic components mentioned above are normally made of bronze or brass which are, respectively, an alloy of copper and tin and an alloy of copper and zinc.
E’ pure noto che in tali leghe sono presenti anche percentuali di piombo dal momento che esso viene aggiunto alla lega di rame per rendere il materiale più facilmente lavorabile. It is also known that in these alloys there are also percentages of lead since it is added to the copper alloy to make the material more easily workable.
La aggiunta di piombo alle leghe di rame e zinco e di rame e stagno comporta il rischio che i componenti con esse realizzati, durante l’uso nei sistemi idraulici di cui fanno parte, rilascino nei liquidi, sia pure in quantitativi minimi e molto variabili, il piombo che può quindi essere ingerito tramite la assunzione di bevande formate con gli stessi liquidi. The addition of lead to copper and zinc and copper and tin alloys entails the risk that the components made with them, during use in the hydraulic systems to which they are part, release into liquids, albeit in minimal and highly variable quantities , lead which can then be ingested through the intake of beverages formed with the same liquids.
Poiché il suddetto elemento à ̈ ritenuto molto nocivo alla salute umana, nel tempo sono state predisposte norme sempre più severe e stringenti volte a limitarne al massimo la sua presenza nelle bevande. Since the aforementioned element is considered very harmful to human health, over time increasingly severe and stringent rules have been established to limit its presence in beverages as much as possible.
In Europa il riferimento normativo à ̈ il Regolamento CE N.1935/2004. In Europe, the regulatory reference is the EC Regulation N.1935 / 2004.
Negli Stati Uniti d’America, à ̈ invece lo standard NSF(NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION) 4 che impone limiti assai bassi per la concentrazione del piombo (non oltre 15 mg/l) difficilmente conseguibili se non tramite procedimenti di purificazione dei componenti idraulici economicamente penalizzanti specialmente se considerati in relazione alla natura degli stessi componenti idraulici ed alla loro tipologia di impiego. In the United States of America, it is the NSF (NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION) 4 standard which imposes very low limits for the concentration of lead (no more than 15 mg / l) which are difficult to achieve if not through purification procedures of the hydraulic components economically. penalizing especially if considered in relation to the nature of the hydraulic components themselves and their type of use.
In accordo con una tecnologia nota, per limitare gli inconvenienti derivanti dalla migrazione del piombo dai componenti idraulici ai liquidi che li attraversano, Ã ̈ stato proposto di effettuare una riduzione del quantitativo di piombo libero presente nella lega di rame con la quale i componenti sono realizzati. In accordance with a known technology, in order to limit the drawbacks deriving from the migration of lead from the hydraulic components to the liquids that pass through them, it has been proposed to reduce the quantity of free lead present in the copper alloy with which the components are made. .
Esempi di tale tecnologia che può essere definita depiombatura, sono descritti in EP-A-1.134.306 ed in US-A- 5.958.257. In accordo con tale tecnologia nota i componenti idraulici vengono sottoposti a lavaggio entro un bagno contenente un acido carbossilico. Examples of this technology, which can be defined as unsleading, are described in EP-A-1.134.306 and in US-A-5.958.257. In accordance with this known technology, the hydraulic components are washed in a bath containing a carboxylic acid.
In pratica però si à ̈ riscontrato che il solo lavaggio dei componenti, pur riducendo considerevolmente il quantitativo di piombo ceduto ai fluidi all’interno dei componenti idraulici dalla lega a base di rame con cui sono realizzati, tuttavia non à ̈ sufficiente ad impedire la migrazione del piombo libero residuo. In practice, however, it has been found that washing the components alone, while considerably reducing the quantity of lead transferred to the fluids inside the hydraulic components by the copper-based alloy with which they are made, is not sufficient to prevent migration of residual free lead.
Ad esempio, poiché, come à ̈ noto,i fenomeni di natura fisica e chimica sono influenzati dalla temperatura, un componente idraulico sottoposto a trattamento di depiombatura come descritto in US-A-5.958.257 oppure, ad esempio in EP 1.134.306, può dare una cessione inferiore al limite massimo ammissibile se impiegato alle normali temperature di un acquedotto urbano, mentre può superare tale limite se lo stesso componente viene impiegato in una apparecchiatura caratterizzata da temperature di funzionamento significativamente più elevate come, ad esempio, quelle presenti un una macchina per la preparazione del caffà ̈. For example, since, as is well known, physical and chemical phenomena are influenced by temperature, a hydraulic component subjected to unleading treatment as described in US-A-5.958.257 or, for example in EP 1.134.306 , can give a release lower than the maximum permissible limit if used at the normal temperatures of an urban aqueduct, while it can exceed this limit if the same component is used in equipment characterized by significantly higher operating temperatures such as, for example, those present a a machine for making coffee.
Si à ̈ riscontrato che la operazione di depiombatura con lavaggio in bagno contenente un acido carbossilico determina una micro porosità nella superficie del componente che favorisce ancora una migrazione significativa dell’ulteriore piombo libero residuo dagli strati più interni del materiale verso i liquidi che attraversano il componente. It has been found that the de-lead removal operation with washing in a bath containing a carboxylic acid determines a micro porosity in the surface of the component which still favors a significant migration of the further free residual lead from the innermost layers of the material towards the liquids that pass through the component.
Un abbattimento decisivo delle cessioni di piombo si può ottenere con il deposito di uno strato di nichel con un processo elettrolitico o con un processo chimico. A decisive reduction of lead releases can be obtained by depositing a layer of nickel with an electrolytic process or with a chemical process.
Anche un rivestimento di stagno produce una efficace protezione dalle cessioni di piombo. Tuttavia, a causa della natura dello stagno, un simile rivestimento à ̈ caratterizzato da una durata insoddisfacente. A tin coating also produces effective lead release protection. However, due to the nature of tin, such a coating is characterized by unsatisfactory durability.
Per quanto riguarda il rivestimento con nichel, se da un lato abbatte in modo soddisfacente le cessioni di piombo, dall’altro lato introduce il problema del superamento dei limiti ammissibili di cessione del nichel stesso. As for the nickel coating, if on the one hand it satisfactorily reduces lead releases, on the other hand it introduces the problem of exceeding the admissible release limits of nickel itself.
Per impedire il superamento di queste cessioni à ̈ stata sviluppata una particolare lega comprendente, tra l’altro, nichel e stagno la quale presenta una resistenza superficiale ancora vicina a quella del nichel ma che, nello stesso tempo, limita il fenomeno delle cessioni di nichel grazie alla presenza dello stagno. To prevent the overcoming of these transfers, a particular alloy has been developed including, among other things, nickel and tin which has a surface resistance still close to that of nickel but which, at the same time, limits the phenomenon of transfers of nickel thanks to the presence of tin.
Questa lega ha però un limite nel fatto di poter essere deposta solo per via elettrochimica e quindi con scarsa penetrazione nei condotti interni di certi componenti. Essa pertanto non à ̈ efficacemente utilizzabile per costituire da sola il rivestimento dei componenti sebbene questi siano già stati sottoposti ad operazioni di depiombatura. However, this alloy has a limit in the fact that it can only be deposited by electrochemical means and therefore with little penetration into the internal ducts of certain components. Therefore, it cannot be effectively used to constitute the coating of the components alone, although these have already been subjected to unplugging operations.
Un’altra tecnologia nota à ̈ quella di effettuare un rivestimento dei componenti idraulici di bronzo o di ottone con una composizione contenente nitrato di bismuto, applicata tramite immersione entro un bagno che la contiene, nella aspettativa che il rivestimento possa impedire la migrazione di atomi di piombo attraverso la superficie ricoperta con cui i componenti vengono a contatto con il liquido. Another known technology is that of carrying out a coating of the hydraulic components of bronze or brass with a composition containing bismuth nitrate, applied by immersion in a bath that contains it, in the expectation that the coating can prevent the migration of atoms. of lead through the coated surface with which the components come into contact with the liquid.
Un esempio di tale tecnologia à ̈ descritto in US-A- 5,544,859. An example of such a technology is described in US-A-5,544,859.
All’atto pratico, però, tale tecnologia non consente di garantire nel tempo la impermeabilità alla migrazione del piombo od eventualmente del nickel, stante il fatto che il rivestimento à ̈ destinato ad usurarsi nel tempo molto prima che possa completarsi la vita media di utilizzo dei componenti. In practice, however, this technology does not allow to guarantee over time the impermeability to the migration of lead or possibly nickel, given the fact that the coating is destined to wear over time long before the average life of use can be completed. of the components.
Lo scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ quello di risolvere il problema della migrazione del piombo da componenti idraulici, quali tubi, rubinetti, raccordi e caldaie, realizzate in leghe a base di rame, entro i liquidi che passano attraverso ad essi, in modo efficace a soddisfare i requisiti sia delle norme sanitarie europee (Regolamento CE No.1935/2004) che di quelle statunitensi ( NSF 4), in modo duraturo ed economicamente conveniente. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the migration of lead from hydraulic components, such as pipes, taps, fittings and boilers, made of copper-based alloys, into the liquids passing through them, effectively to meet the requirements of both the European health standards (EC Regulation No. 1935/2004) and those of the United States (NSF 4), in a lasting and cost-effective way.
Tale scopo viene conseguito con il procedimento di cui alla rivendicazione 1 che segue e che si intende anche qui trascritta. This object is achieved with the process of claim 1 which follows and which is also intended to be transcribed here.
In accordo con l’invenzione, i componenti idraulici realizzati in ottone oppure in bronzo destinati ad essere interessati da flussi liquidi per bevande ad uso umano, vengono sottoposti ad un preliminare trattamento di riduzione del quantitativo di piombo libero in essi contenuto. In accordance with the invention, the hydraulic components made of brass or bronze intended to be affected by liquid flows for beverages for human use, are subjected to a preliminary treatment to reduce the quantity of free lead contained in them.
Tale trattamento può essere costituito da una fase di lavaggio in un bagno contenente un acido carbossilico, particolarmente acido acrilico. This treatment can consist of a washing step in a bath containing a carboxylic acid, particularly acrylic acid.
Successivamente a tale fase, i componenti vengono sottoposti ad un rivestimento di uno strato di stagno il quale, preferibilmente, viene deposto per via chimica, senza impiego di elettricità , sino al raggiungimento di uno spessore compreso tra 2 e 4 mm. Subsequently to this phase, the components are subjected to a coating of a layer of tin which, preferably, is deposited chemically, without the use of electricity, until a thickness of between 2 and 4 mm is reached.
Si à ̈ riscontrato che lo strato di stagno determina una sostanziale sigillatura della porosità intrinseca del materiale e di quella formatasi in seguito al trattamento preliminare di depiombatura effettuato nella prima fase del procedimento rivelatosi comunque utile nonostante gli inconvenienti sopra indicati. It has been found that the tin layer determines a substantial sealing of the intrinsic porosity of the material and of that formed following the preliminary lead-sealing treatment carried out in the first phase of the process which proved to be useful in spite of the drawbacks indicated above.
Alla fase di deposizione chimica dello stagno viene fatta seguire una fase di rivestimento superficiale tramite la quale viene effettuata la copertura dello strato di stagno mediante la deposizione elettrolitica di una lega metallica di stagno e nichel. The phase of chemical deposition of the tin is followed by a phase of surface coating through which the covering of the tin layer is carried out by means of the electrolytic deposition of a metal alloy of tin and nickel.
Si à ̈ riscontrato che la deposizione dello strato di ricoprimento, preferibilmente con uno spessore compreso tra 2 e 4 mm, oltre ad integrare e rafforzare la protezione dalle cessioni di piombo, provvede a conferire adeguata resistenza al sottostante strato di stagno aumentandone la efficacia nel tempo. It has been found that the deposition of the covering layer, preferably with a thickness between 2 and 4 mm, in addition to integrating and strengthening the protection against lead releases, provides adequate resistance to the underlying tin layer, increasing its effectiveness over time. .
In accordo con l’invenzione, la lega metallica per la copertura dello strato di stagno, comprende nichel e stagno preferibilmente nella misura di circa 35% di nichel e 65% di stagno. In accordance with the invention, the metal alloy for covering the tin layer comprises nickel and tin preferably in the measure of about 35% nickel and 65% tin.
Da esperimenti condotti su campioni di componenti idraulici trattati con il procedimento secondo l’invenzione e su corrispondenti campioni di componenti trattati con i procedimenti della tecnica nota, si à ̈ appurato che il procedimento secondo l’invenzione esplica un notevole effetto riduttivo sulla migrazione degli elementi piombo dai componenti idraulici verso i liquidi che li attraversano al punto da ridurre sostanzialmente a zero tale migrazione con pieno soddisfacimento degli standard sanitari in vigore, come si può verificare dagli esempi sotto riportati. From experiments conducted on samples of hydraulic components treated with the process according to the invention and on corresponding samples of components treated with the procedures of the prior art, it was found that the process according to the invention has a significant reduction effect on migration of the lead elements from the hydraulic components towards the liquids that pass through them to the point of substantially reducing this migration to zero with full compliance with the sanitary standards in force, as can be verified from the examples below.
ESEMPIO 1 EXAMPLE 1
Una caldaia del tipo utilizzabile in macchine professionali per la preparazione del caffà ̈, con una capacità di circa 2,9 litri e realizzata con componenti saldati a componenti in ottone, à ̈ stata sottoposta ad una operazione convenzionale di decapaggio e risciacquo. A boiler of the type usable in professional coffee preparation machines, with a capacity of about 2.9 liters and made with components welded to brass components, has been subjected to a conventional pickling and rinsing operation.
Essa à ̈ stata quindi riempita con 1,7 litri di acqua alla quale à ̈ stato addizionato un piccolo quantitativo di acido cloridrico in modo da aumentarne la aggressività abbassandone il pH al valore 5. It was then filled with 1.7 liters of water to which a small amount of hydrochloric acid was added in order to increase its aggressiveness by lowering the pH to 5.
La caldaia, così riempita à ̈ stata mantenuta per 24 ore alla pressione di vapore satura di 1,2 bar relativi corrispondenti alla temperatura di 122,6 °C in modo da rispecchiare le condizioni di esercizio previste per tale componente che, in una macchina per caffà ̈ risulta essere quello più sollecitato dal punto di vista termico. The boiler, thus filled, was kept for 24 hours at the saturated steam pressure of 1.2 relative bars corresponding to the temperature of 122.6 ° C in order to reflect the operating conditions foreseen for this component which, in a machine for coffee it is the one most stressed from the thermal point of view.
Al termine del periodo sopra indicato, l’acqua contenuta nella caldaia à ̈ stata analizzata con il metodo della Spettroscopia di Assorbimento Atomico tipo APAT CNR IRSA tramite un forno di grafite. At the end of the period indicated above, the water contained in the boiler was analyzed with the method of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy type APAT CNR IRSA through a graphite oven.
E’ stato riscontrato un contenuto di piombo pari a 10,72 mg/l. A lead content of 10.72 mg / l was found.
ESEMPIO 2 EXAMPLE 2
Una caldaia con componenti in rame saldati a componenti in ottone come quella dell’esempio 1 à ̈ stata sottoposta ad una operazione convenzionale di decapaggio e risciacquo alla quale à ̈ stata fatta seguire una operazione di depiombatura con immersione in bagno contenente acido acrilico. Dopo asciugatura la caldaia à ̈ stata riempita e sottoposta allo stesso trattamento termico descritto nell’esempio 1. A boiler with copper components welded to brass components such as the one in example 1 was subjected to a conventional pickling and rinsing operation which was followed by a de-lead operation with immersion in a bath containing acrylic acid. After drying, the boiler was filled and subjected to the same heat treatment described in example 1.
Al termine del periodo di trattamento, l’analisi dell’acqua eseguita con la stessa apparecchiatura dell’esempio 1, ha permesso di rilevare un contenuto di piombo pari a 2,154 mg/l. At the end of the treatment period, the analysis of the water carried out with the same equipment of example 1, allowed to detect a lead content equal to 2.154 mg / l.
ESEMPIO 3 EXAMPLE 3
Una caldaia con componenti in rame saldati a componenti in ottone, come quelle degli esempi 1 e 2, dopo decapaggio, risciacquo e depiombatura à ̈ stata sottoposta ad un rivestimento elettrolitico di una lega comprendente nichel e stagno. A boiler with copper components welded to brass components, such as those in examples 1 and 2, after pickling, rinsing and de-lead, has been subjected to an electrolytic coating of an alloy comprising nickel and tin.
Dopo il trattamento termico come descritto negli Esempi 1 e 2, l’acqua à ̈ stata analizzata con la stessa apparecchiatura degli esempi 1 e 2, rilevando come risultato la presenza di 1,423 mg/l di piombo. After the heat treatment as described in Examples 1 and 2, the water was analyzed with the same apparatus as in Examples 1 and 2, detecting as a result the presence of 1.423 mg / l of lead.
ESEMPIO 4 EXAMPLE 4
Una caldaia con componenti in rame saldati a componenti in ottone come quelle degli esempi precedenti del tipo particolarmente impiegato nelle macchine per caffà ̈ espresso, à ̈ stata sottoposta, dopo la fase di depiombatura, ad un trattamento di deposizione chimica di stagno sino al raggiungimento di uno strato il cui spessore variava tra 2 e 4 mm. Sullo strato di stagno à ̈ stata eseguita una deposizione elettrochimica di una lega comprendente nichel e stagno, con la formazione di uno strato il cui spessore variava tra 2 e 4 mm. A boiler with copper components welded to brass components such as those of the previous examples of the type particularly used in espresso coffee machines, has been subjected, after the lead-free phase, to a chemical deposition treatment of tin until reaching a layer whose thickness varied between 2 and 4 mm. An electrochemical deposition of an alloy comprising nickel and tin was performed on the tin layer, with the formation of a layer whose thickness varied between 2 and 4 mm.
Al termine di ciascuna fase di deposizione à ̈ stata fatta seguire una fase di lavaggio in acqua ed asciugatura. At the end of each deposition phase, a washing in water and drying phase was carried out.
Dopo il riempimento con acqua addizionata con acido cloridrico ed eseguito il trattamento termico come quello indicato negli esempi precedenti, l’analisi dell’acqua, eseguita con la stessa apparecchiatura degli esempi precedenti, ha permesso di rilevare un quantitativo di piombo non superiore a 0,075 mg/l, essendo quest’ultimo il limite di rilevabilità della apparecchiatura di analisi impiegata. After filling with water added with hydrochloric acid and performing the heat treatment as indicated in the previous examples, the analysis of the water, performed with the same equipment as the previous examples, allowed to detect a quantity of lead not exceeding 0.075 mg / l, the latter being the detection limit of the analysis equipment used.
ESEMPIO 5 EXAMPLE 5
Una caldaia realizzata completamente in ottone avente la stessa capacità delle caldaie utilizzate negli esempi precedenti à ̈ stata sottoposta agli stessi trattamenti di depiombatura , di deposizione chimica di un strato di stagno e di rivestimento di quest’ultimo con deposizione elettrolitica di una strato di lega contenente nichel e stagno con l’ottenimento di spessori di strato come quelli indicati nell’esempio 4. A boiler made entirely of brass having the same capacity as the boilers used in the previous examples has been subjected to the same treatments of de-lead, chemical deposition of a layer of tin and coating of the latter with electrolytic deposition of an alloy layer. containing nickel and tin with the obtainment of layer thicknesses such as those indicated in example 4.
Al termine di ciascuna fase di deposizione à ̈ stata fatta seguire una fase di lavaggio in acqua ed asciugatura. At the end of each deposition phase, a washing in water and drying phase was carried out.
Dopo riempimento con acqua addizionata con acido cloridrico per regolare il pH al valore 5 ed eseguito un trattamento termico come quello indicato negli esempi precedenti l’analisi dell’acqua, eseguita con la stessa apparecchiatura utilizzata negli esempi precedenti, ha permesso di rilevare un quantitativo di piombo non superiore a 0,075 mg/l, essendo quest’ultimo il limite di rilevabilità della apparecchiatura di analisi impiegata. After filling with water added with hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to the value 5 and performing a heat treatment such as that indicated in the previous examples, the analysis of the water, performed with the same equipment used in the previous examples, allowed to detect a quantity of lead not exceeding 0.075 mg / l, the latter being the detection limit of the analysis equipment used.
I risultati delle sperimentazioni possono essere riepilogati nella tabella che segue. The results of the trials can be summarized in the table below.
COMPONENTEPiombo(µg/l) COMPONENT Lead (µg / l)
acqua pH 5 water pH 5
Caldaia es. 1 10,72 Boiler eg. 1 10.72
Caldaia es. 2 2,154 Boiler eg. 2 2.154
Caldaia es. 3 1,423 Boiler eg. 3 1.423
Caldaie es. 4 e 5 <0,075* Boilers eg. 4 and 5 <0.075 *
Da tali risultati si rileva come un componente idraulico quale, ad esempio, una caldaia per impiego in macchine da caffà ̈ realizzata con componenti in rame saldati a componenti in ottone, così pure una caldaia realizzata completamente in ottone, quando trattato in accordo con il procedimento secondo l’invenzione ha determinato una cessione di piombo nell’acqua con quantitativo inferiore a 0,075 mg/l, ampiamente soddisfacente le norme sanitarie attualmente in vigore che limitano tale quantitativo a valori non superiori a 15mg/l. From these results it can be seen that a hydraulic component such as, for example, a boiler for use in coffee machines is made with copper components welded to brass components, as well as a boiler made entirely of brass, when treated in accordance with the The process according to the invention determined a release of lead in the water with a quantity lower than 0.075 mg / l, largely satisfying the health standards currently in force which limit this quantity to values not exceeding 15 mg / l.
Claims (13)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2009A001650A IT1395929B1 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE LEAD QUANTITY, ISSUED BY BRONZE AND / OR BRASS HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS IN LIQUIDS INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ITMI2009A001650A IT1395929B1 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE LEAD QUANTITY, ISSUED BY BRONZE AND / OR BRASS HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS IN LIQUIDS INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. |
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| ITMI20091650A1 true ITMI20091650A1 (en) | 2011-03-26 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0848084A1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1998-06-17 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. | Internally tin-plated copper pipe manufacturing method |
| US5876017A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1999-03-02 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Plumbing fixture carrying drinking water comprised of a copper alloy |
| EP1038990A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-09-27 | Toto Ltd. | Method of reducing elution of lead in lead-containing copper alloy, and city water service fittings made of lead-containing copper alloy |
| EP1134306A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-19 | Ruvaris S.r.l. | Selective deleading process and bath for plumbing components made of a copper alloy |
| EP2034054A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-11 | VIEGA GmbH & Co. KG. | Method for manufacturing a coated components for fluid carrying assembly sections and coated component |
-
2009
- 2009-09-25 IT ITMI2009A001650A patent/IT1395929B1/en active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5876017A (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 1999-03-02 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Plumbing fixture carrying drinking water comprised of a copper alloy |
| EP0848084A1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1998-06-17 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. | Internally tin-plated copper pipe manufacturing method |
| EP1038990A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-09-27 | Toto Ltd. | Method of reducing elution of lead in lead-containing copper alloy, and city water service fittings made of lead-containing copper alloy |
| EP1134306A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-19 | Ruvaris S.r.l. | Selective deleading process and bath for plumbing components made of a copper alloy |
| EP2034054A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-11 | VIEGA GmbH & Co. KG. | Method for manufacturing a coated components for fluid carrying assembly sections and coated component |
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| IT1395929B1 (en) | 2012-11-02 |
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