ITMI20071185A1 - FEMORAL PROSTHESIS STRUCTURE WITH RESEARCH OF THE FEMORAL HEAD. - Google Patents

FEMORAL PROSTHESIS STRUCTURE WITH RESEARCH OF THE FEMORAL HEAD. Download PDF

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Publication number
ITMI20071185A1
ITMI20071185A1 IT001185A ITMI20071185A ITMI20071185A1 IT MI20071185 A1 ITMI20071185 A1 IT MI20071185A1 IT 001185 A IT001185 A IT 001185A IT MI20071185 A ITMI20071185 A IT MI20071185A IT MI20071185 A1 ITMI20071185 A1 IT MI20071185A1
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
femoral
stem
head
prosthetic
prosthesis structure
Prior art date
Application number
IT001185A
Other languages
Italian (it)
Inventor
Reinhold Ganz
Michael Leunig
Original Assignee
Reinhold Ganz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reinhold Ganz filed Critical Reinhold Ganz
Priority to IT001185A priority Critical patent/ITMI20071185A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2008/001501 priority patent/WO2008152478A2/en
Publication of ITMI20071185A1 publication Critical patent/ITMI20071185A1/en

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Description

Descrizione del Brevetto per Invenzione Industriale avente per titolo: Description of the Patent for Industrial Invention entitled:

«STRUTTURA DI PROTESI FEMORALE A RESEZIONE DELLA TESTA FEMORALE» "STRUCTURE OF FEMORAL PROSTHESIS WITH RESECTION OF THE FEMORAL HEAD"

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

Il presente trovato riguarda una struttura di protesi femorale a resezione della testa femorale. The present invention relates to a femoral prosthesis structure with resection of the femoral head.

Sono già note protesi femorali cosiddette a ricostituzione o rivestimento superficiale ("resurfacing prostheses") che consentono di preservare in gran parte la testa del femore del paziente. So-called resurfacing prostheses are already known which make it possible to largely preserve the patient's femoral head.

Tuttavia, queste protesi note presentano frequentemente il problema costituito dal fatto che, durante l'intervento chirurgico ricostruttivo, l'arteria circonferenziale femorale mediale o MFCA può essere gravemente ed irreparabilmente danneggiata, con la conseguenza che può verificarsi necrosi della testa femorale con cedimento di tutto l'impianto protesico e necessità di un nuovo intervento operatorio. Perciò queste protesi di rivestimento sono controindicate in stadi avanzati di necrosi avascolare della testa del femore (AVN) o in presenza di cisti particolarmente estese. Infine l'utilizzo di queste protesi di rivestimento preclude al chirurgo la possibilità di regolare agevolmente la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra l'osso femorale e l'acetabolo. However, these known prostheses frequently have the problem that, during reconstructive surgery, the medial femoral circumferential artery or MFCA can be severely and irreparably damaged, with the consequence that necrosis of the femoral head can occur with failure of the whole. the prosthetic implant and the need for a new operative intervention. Therefore, these resurfacing prostheses are contraindicated in advanced stages of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) or in the presence of particularly large cysts. Finally, the use of these resurfacing prostheses precludes the surgeon from easily adjusting the muscle tension and the distance between the femoral bone and the acetabulum.

Sono pure note protesi femorali a struttura standard o a "preservazione del collo del femore" le quali, seppur eliminando alcuni dei difetti elencati delle protesi di rivestimento (controindicazioni, possibilità di ricostruzione anatomica dell'articolazione) presentano ancora degli inconvenienti fra i quali principalmente la "protezione dal carico", meglio nota come "stress shielding". A causa della conformazione di tali protesi, infatti, i carichi provenienti dall'articolazione vengono trasferiti in maniera non fisiologica, prevalentemente in prossimità della punta della protesi stessa. In questo modo l'osso femorale prossimale non viene stimolato e si riassorbe, portando al fallimento e alla revisione della protesi. Femoral prostheses with standard structure or "preservation of the femoral neck" are also known which, although eliminating some of the listed defects of the covering prostheses (contraindications, possibility of anatomical reconstruction of the joint) still have some drawbacks, among which mainly the " load protection ", better known as" stress shielding ". Due to the conformation of these prostheses, in fact, the loads coming from the joint are transferred in a non-physiological way, mainly near the tip of the prosthesis itself. In this way, the proximal femoral bone is not stimulated and is reabsorbed, leading to failure and revision of the prosthesis.

Inoltre tali protesi standard o "a preservazione del collo femorale" richiedono, per funzionare appropriatamente, un'abbondante rimozione della parte prossimale del femore, cioè di tutta la sua testa e di parte o di tutto il collo femorale, per cui una quantità d'osso femorale eccessivamente scarsa, e spesso insufficiente, risulterà disponibile, nel caso in cui dovesse risultare necessario un intervento chirurgico di revisione. Furthermore, such standard or "femoral neck preserving" prostheses require, in order to function properly, an abundant removal of the proximal part of the femur, that is, of all its head and part or all of the femoral neck, so a quantity of excessively scarce, and often insufficient, femoral bone will be available should revision surgery be necessary.

Così, alla luce dei precitati inconvenienti delle strutture di protesi femorali note, in particolare dello stelo femorale di esse, cioè della parte della protesi prevista per essere impegnata inamovibilmente nell'osso femorale, lo scopo del presente trovato è quello di fornire una simile protesi il cui stelo femorale sia concepito per consentire un trasferimento ottimale dei carichi provenienti dall'articolazione all'osso femorale, preservando in massima parte la testa femorale, cioè osteotomizzando solamente la porzione effettivamente patologica della testa femorale stessa. Thus, in the light of the aforementioned drawbacks of known femoral prosthesis structures, in particular of the femoral stem thereof, i.e. of the part of the prosthesis intended to be irremovably engaged in the femoral bone, the object of the present invention is to provide such a prosthesis the which femoral stem is designed to allow an optimal transfer of the loads coming from the joint to the femoral bone, preserving for the most part the femoral head, i.e. osteotomizing only the effectively pathological portion of the femoral head itself.

Nell'ambito di tale compito, uno scopo principale del presente trovato è quello di fornire una struttura di protesi femorale che sia in grado di trasferire i carichi provenienti dall'articolazione al femore prossimale evitando il fenomeno dello stress shielding ed il conseguente riassorbimento osseo. Within this aim, a main object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure capable of transferring the loads coming from the joint to the proximal femur, avoiding the phenomenon of stress shielding and the consequent bone resorption.

Un altro scopo del presente trovato è quello di fornire una struttura di protesi femorale il cui stelo possa agevolmente essere applicato, senza cemento, ad esempio ad impatto, ad un osso femorale da cui sia stata rimossa esclusivamente la porzione patologica della testa. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure whose stem can be easily applied, without cement, for example by impact, to a femoral bone from which only the pathological portion of the head has been removed.

Un altro scopo del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una struttura di protesi femorale, il cui stelo possa essere orientato in modo ottimale rispetto all’andamento delle trabecole dell’osso femorale e che, al tempo stesso, si adatti pure in modo ottimale alla geometria della sezione del collo femorale, sia alla geometria della curva mediale del femore prossimale, così da distribuire in modo corrispondentemente ottimale le forze agenti durante il funzionamento della protesi. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure, the stem of which can be optimally oriented with respect to the course of the trabeculae of the femoral bone and which, at the same time, is also optimally adapted to the geometry of the femoral neck section, and to the geometry of the medial curve of the proximal femur, so as to distribute the forces acting during operation of the prosthesis in a correspondingly optimal way.

Un altro scopo del presente trovato è quello di fornire una struttura di protesi femorale che abbia un'elevatissima stabilità di impianto, in particolare una stabilità rotazionale, e ciò senza l'impiego, come si è detto, di materiali cementanti. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure which has a very high implant stability, in particular rotational stability, and this without the use, as mentioned, of cementing materials.

Ancora uno scopo del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una struttura di protesi femorale suscettibile di minimizzare, in una condizione definitivamente impiantata e/o bloccata nel femore della stessa, qualsiasi rischio di possibili fratture ossee. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure capable of minimizing, in a condition definitively implanted and / or blocked in the femur thereof, any risk of possible bone fractures.

Un ulteriore scopo del presente trovato è quello di fornire una struttura di protesi femorale il cui stelo femorale possa essere facilmente adattato ad una pluralità di teste sferiche, specificatamente dedicate, e che, in particolare, siano suscettibili di consentire di regolare agevolmente la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra l'osso femorale e l'acetabolo, per ottenere una ricostruzione ottimale dell'articolazione femorale. A further object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure whose femoral stem can be easily adapted to a plurality of specifically dedicated spherical heads and which, in particular, are capable of allowing to easily adjust the muscular tension and the distance between the femoral bone and the acetabulum to achieve optimal reconstruction of the femoral joint.

Un altro scopo del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una struttura di protesi femorale che, per la sua applicazione al femore, richieda un'operazione di osteotomia parziale della testa femorale estremamente semplice e rapida, nonché una corrispondente semplice e rapida applicazione ad impatto. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure which, for its application to the femur, requires an extremely simple and rapid partial osteotomy of the femoral head, as well as a corresponding simple and rapid impact application.

Un ulteriore scopo del presente trovato è quello di fornire una struttura di protesi femorale, che, in corrispondenza della porzione distale dello stelo femorale, possa essere configurata per guidare ed agevolare le manovre di introduzione dello stelo nella sede opportunamente ricavata nell'osso. A further object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure which, in correspondence with the distal portion of the femoral stem, can be configured to guide and facilitate the maneuvers for introducing the stem into the seat suitably obtained in the bone.

Un altro scopo del presente trovato quello di realizzare una struttura di protesi femorale che possa essere agevolmente prodotta a partire da convenzionali materiali biocompatibili, in particolare preferibilmente metallici. Another object of the present invention is to provide a femoral prosthesis structure which can be easily produced starting from conventional biocompatible materials, in particular preferably metal.

Secondo un aspetto del presente trovato, il compito e gli scopi precedentemente menzionati, nonché altri scopi ancora, che risulteranno più chiari in seguito, sono raggiunti da una struttura di protesi a resezione della testa femorale, avente le caratteristiche della rivendicazione principale. According to an aspect of the present invention, the aim and objects mentioned above, as well as other objects, which will become clearer hereinafter, are achieved by a prosthesis structure with resection of the femoral head, having the characteristics of the main claim.

Ulteriori peculiarità della struttura di protesi femorale secondo il trovato sono definite nelle rivendicazioni dipendenti. Further peculiarities of the femoral prosthesis structure according to the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

Altri dettagli e configurazioni caratteristiche della struttura di protesi a resezione della testa femorale, secondo il presente trovato, risulteranno più chiari in seguito attraverso un esame della seguente descrizione dettagliata di una forma di realizzazione attualmente preferita di essa, con riferimento agli acclusi disegni, in cui: Other details and characteristic configurations of the femoral head resection prosthesis structure, according to the present invention, will become clearer later on through an examination of the following detailed description of a currently preferred embodiment thereof, with reference to the attached drawings, in which :

la Fig. 1 è una vista prospettica parziale, in scala, di una forma di realizzazione attualmente preferita della struttura di protesi femorale secondo il presente trovato, in particolare della porzione a stelo di essa, priva della corrispondente testa sferica; Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view, to scale, of a currently preferred embodiment of the femoral prosthesis structure according to the present invention, in particular of the stem portion thereof, without the corresponding spherical head;

la Fig. 2 è un'ulteriore vista prospettica parziale, anch'essa in scala, della struttura di protesi femorale del trovato, in particolare del suo stelo femorale; Fig. 2 is a further partial perspective view, also to scale, of the femoral prosthesis structure of the invention, in particular of its femoral stem;

la Fig. 3 è un'ulteriore vista prospettica in sezione trasver sale dello stelo femorale delle figure precedenti; Fig. 3 is a further perspective view in transverse section of the femoral stem of the preceding figures;

la Fig. 4 è un'ulteriore vista in sezione trasversale, illustrante specificatamente le nervature associate integralmente alla periferia dello stelo femorale della protesi secondo il presente trovato; e Fig. 4 is a further cross-sectional view, specifically illustrating the ribs integrally associated with the periphery of the femoral stem of the prosthesis according to the present invention; And

la Fig. 5 è una vista schematica illustrante la struttura di protesi femorale, in particolare lo stelo di essa, applicata nel femore di un paziente: le linee tratteggiate illustrano, in tale figura, l'andamento o percorso delle trabecole dell'osso femorale stesso, e Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of a femoral prosthesis, in particular its stem, applied in the femur of a patient: the dotted lines illustrate, in this figure, the course or path of the trabeculae of the femoral bone itself , And

le Fig. 6 e 7 illustrano rispettivamente la testa femorale della protesi femorale secondo il presente trovato. Figures 6 and 7 respectively show the femoral head of the femoral prosthesis according to the present invention.

Facendo ora riferimento alle citate figure, in esse lo stelo protesico della struttura femorale del presente trovato è stata indicato generalmente col numero di riferimento 1 , mentre la testa sferica da accoppiare allo stelo 1 è stata indicata generalmente da 100 nelle fig 6 e 7 ed essa sarà una testa sferica, di configurazione generale dedicata, atta ad essere in particolare usata per regolare la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra l'osso femorale e l'acetabolo per ottenere un'ottimale ricostituzione dell'articolazione femorale, come sarà descritto più dettagliatamente in seguito. With reference now to the aforementioned figures, in them the prosthetic stem of the femoral structure of the present invention has been generally indicated with the reference number 1, while the spherical head to be coupled to the stem 1 has been generally indicated by 100 in figs 6 and 7 and it it will be a spherical head, of general dedicated configuration, suitable to be used in particular to regulate muscle tension and the distance between the femoral bone and the acetabulum to obtain an optimal reconstitution of the femoral joint, as will be described in more detail in following.

In realtà, il cuore del trovato è costituito dallo stelo protesico femorale 1 il quale comprende una porzione prossimale 2, una porzione intermedia 3 ed una porzione distale 4, tutte mutuamente integralmente configurate, ad esempio di un opportuno materiale biocompatibile, preferibilmente metallico. In reality, the heart of the invention is constituted by the femoral prosthetic stem 1 which comprises a proximal portion 2, an intermediate portion 3 and a distal portion 4, all mutually integrally configured, for example of a suitable biocompatible material, preferably metallic.

Tale stelo femorale 1 , in particolare, è stato specificatamente previsto per essere impiantato senza cemento, ad esempio ad impatti, nel femore prossimale in cui è stata eseguita una resezione parziale della testa femorale, come si nota specificatamente in Fig. 5. In particular, this femoral stem 1 was specifically designed to be implanted without cement, for example by impact, in the proximal femur in which a partial resection of the femoral head was performed, as can be seen specifically in Fig. 5.

Lo stelo protesico 1 , specificatamente, definisce un asse longitudinale ed un asse trasversale, non rappresentati, con l'asse longitudinale che ha una lunghezza sostanzialmente superiore alla lunghezza dell'asse trasversale. The prosthetic stem 1, specifically, defines a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, not shown, with the longitudinal axis having a length substantially greater than the length of the transverse axis.

La prima porzione prossimale 2 dello stelo femorale 1 è sostanzialmente troncoconica, e definisce una superficie periferica, indicata dal numero di riferimento 5, una base minore 6, nonché una base maggiore 7. The first proximal portion 2 of the femoral stem 1 is substantially frustoconical, and defines a peripheral surface, indicated by the reference number 5, a minor base 6, as well as a major base 7.

La superficie periferica 5 della porzione prossimale 2, in particolare, è impegnabile in modo articolato nella cavità corrispondente della porzione di testa protesica sferica che, come si è detto, non è stata rappresentata. The peripheral surface 5 of the proximal portion 2, in particular, can be jointly engaged in the corresponding cavity of the spherical prosthetic head portion which, as stated, has not been shown.

La seconda porzione intermedia 3 dello stelo femorale 1 è, come si nota, anch'essa sostanzialmente troncoconica, con una base maggior 8 ed una base minore, non numerata, che raccorda integralmente nella base maggiore 9 della porzione distale 4, o terza porzione dello stelo protesico 1 . The second intermediate portion 3 of the femoral stem 1 is, as can be seen, also substantially truncated cone, with a major base 8 and a minor base, not numbered, which integrally connects the distal portion 4, or third portion of the prosthetic stem 1.

Tale terza porzione distale 4 è conica e/o rastremata e presenta pure una base minore 10 o porzione di punta sostanziaimente arrotondata, al fine di guidare lo stelo ed agevolarne l'introduzione nella sede ossea, opportunamente preparata, e definisce una superficie esterna 1 1 , opportunamente superficialmente trattata, ad esempio mediante sabbiatura, plasma spray, attacco chimico e/o simili per facilitare, secondo un vantaggioso aspetto del presente trovato, l'osteointegrazione ed il trasferìmento delle sollecitazioni al femore prossimale. This third distal portion 4 is conical and / or tapered and also has a smaller base 10 or substantially rounded tip portion, in order to guide the stem and facilitate its introduction into the bone site, suitably prepared, and defines an external surface 11 , suitably treated superficially, for example by sandblasting, plasma spray, chemical etching and / or the like to facilitate, according to an advantageous aspect of the present invention, osseointegration and the transfer of stresses to the proximal femur.

A tale proposito, anche tutta la parte rimanente dello stelo potrà essere analogamente trattata. In this regard, the entire remaining part of the stem can also be treated in the same way.

Vantaggiosamente, come è chiaramente rappresentato nelle Fig. 3 e 4, la porzione intermedia 3 dello stelo femorale 1 presenta una sezione trasversale sostanzialmente ellittica 12, adattabile, secondo un ulteriore aspetto del trovato, alla configurazione geometrica della porzione del collo del femore. Advantageously, as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the intermediate portion 3 of the femoral stem 1 has a substantially elliptical cross section 12, adaptable, according to a further aspect of the invention, to the geometric configuration of the portion of the femoral neck.

Tale porzione intermedia 3 dello stelo femorale 1 ha una superficie periferica delimitata da due lati, cioè un lato esterno 13 ed un lato interno 14, definenti un profilo avente una curvatura tale da seguire sostanzialmente il percorso trabecolare della porzione di collo femorale e la curvatura mediale del femore prossimale. This intermediate portion 3 of the femoral stem 1 has a peripheral surface delimited by two sides, i.e. an external side 13 and an internal side 14, defining a profile having a curvature such as to substantially follow the trabecular path of the femoral neck portion and the medial curvature of the proximal femur.

Vantaggiosamente, secondo un ulteriore aspetto del presente trovato, lo stelo femorale 1 presenta, sulla superficie periferica della seconda porzione intermedia 3, una pluralità di nervature 15, contigue l'una all'altra, atte ad aumentare la stabilità rotazionale dello stelo protesico nella sua condizione impiantata nel canale femorale, come è chiaramente rappresentato ad esempio in Fig. 5. Le nervature contigue 15 presentano, secondo un altro vantaggioso aspetto del trovato, una curvatura corrispondente alla curvatura dei due lati esterno 13 e interno 14 della porzione intermedia 3 dello stelo femorale 1 . Advantageously, according to a further aspect of the present invention, the femoral stem 1 has, on the peripheral surface of the second intermediate portion 3, a plurality of ribs 15, contiguous to each other, suitable for increasing the rotational stability of the prosthetic stem in its condition implanted in the femoral canal, as is clearly shown for example in Fig. 5. The contiguous ribs 15 have, according to another advantageous aspect of the invention, a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the two external 13 and internal 14 sides of the intermediate portion 3 of the stem femoral 1.

Le medesime nervature hanno vantaggiosamente, come è chiaramente mostrato nelle Fig. 3 e 4, altezze mutuamente differenti, indicativamente comprese tra 0,5 mm e 4 mm, conformemente alla posizione anatomica che esse occuperanno nell'osso femorale, e ciò al fine di minimizzare il rischio di possibili fratture ossee che tali nervature potrebbero provocare nel caso esse fossero eccessivamente invasive. The same ribs advantageously have, as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, mutually different heights, indicatively between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, in accordance with the anatomical position they will occupy in the femoral bone, and this in order to minimize the risk of possible bone fractures that these ribs could cause if they were excessively invasive.

Secondo un ulteriore aspetto del trovato, la base maggiore della porzione intermedia 3 dello stelo femorale definisce una superficie prossimale sostanzialmente piatta, che è inclinata rispetto all'asse trasversale dello stelo, in modo da ottenere un orientamento desiderato dello stelo, rispetto al percorso trabecolare della porzione di collo femorale, al fine di agevolare la trasmissione delle forze articolari al femore prossimale, evitando la loro scomposizione in componenti non desiderate (forze di taglio) ed evitando il fenomeno dello stress shielding. Tale angolo di inclinazione è compreso tra 40° e 70°. According to a further aspect of the invention, the major base of the intermediate portion 3 of the femoral stem defines a substantially flat proximal surface, which is inclined with respect to the transverse axis of the stem, so as to obtain a desired orientation of the stem, with respect to the trabecular path of the portion of the femoral neck, in order to facilitate the transmission of joint forces to the proximal femur, avoiding their decomposition into unwanted components (shear forces) and avoiding the phenomenon of stress shielding. This angle of inclination is between 40 ° and 70 °.

Per il fissaggio senza cemento nell'osso femorale, lo stelo 1 del trovato sarà applicato mediante un qualsiasi meccanismo di accoppiamento a pressione o ad impatti, dopo aver subito un trattamento superficiale, ad esempio sabbiatura, attacco chimico, spruzzatura al plasma e/o simili; al fine di ottenere una superficie osteointegrante secondo l'arte nota. For cementless fixation in the femoral bone, the stem 1 of the invention will be applied by means of any pressure or impact coupling mechanism, after having undergone a surface treatment, for example sandblasting, chemical etching, plasma spraying and / or the like. ; in order to obtain an osseointegrating surface according to the known art.

Così, secondo un ulteriore aspetto importante del trovato e come si è visto, la sezione trasversale di tutto lo stelo femorale 1 diminuisce dalla estremità prossimale 2 alla estremità distale 4, con configurazione sostanzialmente conica. Thus, according to a further important aspect of the invention and as has been seen, the cross section of the whole femoral stem 1 decreases from the proximal end 2 to the distal end 4, with a substantially conical configuration.

Il profilo esterno della porzione intermedia è stato opportunamente curvato così da seguire il percorso trabecolare nel collo femorale e l'andamento della curvatura mediale del femore prossimale, in modo da meglio distribuire le forze agenti a livello dell'articolazione. The external profile of the intermediate portion was suitably curved so as to follow the trabecular path in the femoral neck and the course of the medial curvature of the proximal femur, in order to better distribute the forces acting at the level of the joint.

L'intervento di osteotomia, specificatamente, sarà eseguito per ottenere l'orientamento corretto dell'impianto rispetto al percorso trasecolare ed alla curvatura mediale del femore prossimale. Così, e come è già stato detto, l'estremità prossimale della protesi ha una superficie orientata con un angolo appropriato, rispetto all'asse traversale dello stelo, per ottenere il desiderato orientamento dello stelo femorale, rispetto al percorso trabecolare, quando è orientato parallelamente alla osteotomia. Specifically, the osteotomy will be performed to obtain the correct orientation of the implant with respect to the transecular path and the medial curvature of the proximal femur. Thus, and as has already been said, the proximal end of the prosthesis has a surface oriented at an appropriate angle, with respect to the transverse axis of the stem, to obtain the desired orientation of the femoral stem, with respect to the trabecular path, when it is oriented parallel. to the osteotomy.

La molteplicità di nervature 15 aumentano la stabilità rotazionale, le nervature essendo anch'esse curvate conformemente alla geometria dello stelo e avendo altezze diverse in modo da adeguarsi alla posizione anatomica che esse occuperanno, così da minimizzare, come si è già accennato, il rischio di fratture ossee che tali nervature potrebbero provocare se fossero troppo invasive. The multiplicity of ribs 15 increase rotational stability, the ribs also being curved in accordance with the geometry of the stem and having different heights so as to adapt to the anatomical position they will occupy, so as to minimize, as already mentioned, the risk of bone fractures that such ribs could cause if they were too invasive.

Tutto l'impianto sarà realizzato, come già accennato, con materiali biocompatibili, preferibilmente metallici. The whole plant will be built, as already mentioned, with biocompatible materials, preferably metallic.

La rispettiva testa sferica, come si è già detto, sarà impiegata in modo da regolare la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra l'osso femorale e l'acetabolo (non mostrato) per ottenere un'ottimale ricostruzione dell'articolazione femorale. The respective ball head, as already mentioned, will be used in order to regulate the muscle tension and the distance between the femoral bone and the acetabulum (not shown) to obtain an optimal reconstruction of the femoral joint.

Con riferimento specifico alle Fig 6 e 7, tale testa sferica, indicata generalmente da 100, presenta una cavità 1 10 in un lato atta ad essere accoppiata a detta porzione prossimale 2 di detta struttura di stelo femorale 1. Detta cavità 1 10 ha la forma di un tronco di cono che può essere realizzato in differenti altezze, in modo tale da ottenere differenti posizioni del centro della sfera rispetto alla protesi femorale, al fine di permettere al chirurgo di regolare la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra il femore ed il bacino. With specific reference to Figs 6 and 7, this spherical head, generally indicated by 100, has a cavity 1 10 on one side suitable for being coupled to said proximal portion 2 of said femoral stem structure 1. Said cavity 1 10 has the shape of a truncated cone that can be made in different heights, in such a way as to obtain different positions of the center of the sphere with respect to the femoral prosthesis, in order to allow the surgeon to adjust the muscular tension and the distance between the femur and the pelvis.

La sfera 100 è tagliata vantaggiosamente, secondo il trovato, con un piano che è parallelo a detta superficie piana di detta base maggiore di detta porzione intermedia 3 di detta struttura di stelo femorale 1 . The sphere 100 is advantageously cut, according to the invention, with a plane which is parallel to said flat surface of said major base of said intermediate portion 3 of said femoral stem structure 1.

La porzione di sfera è tagliata con detto piano ad un'altezza, misurata dal suo equatore, tale per cui quando viene accoppiata con lo stelo femorale impiantato nel femore, si ottiene la ricostruzione di una sfera perfetta. La rimanente porzione di detta sfera perfetta è data dalla parte di testa femorale che non è stata resecata dal chirurgo durante l'intervento The portion of the sphere is cut with said plane at a height, measured from its equator, such that when it is coupled with the femoral stem implanted in the femur, the reconstruction of a perfect sphere is obtained. The remaining portion of said perfect sphere is given by the part of the femoral head that was not resected by the surgeon during the surgery.

Da quanto precede si noterà che il trovato raggiunge pienamente il compito e gli scopi proposti. From the foregoing it will be noted that the invention fully achieves the intended aim and objects.

Benché la struttura di protesi femorale secondo il trovato sia stata descritta facendo specifico riferimento ad una sua forma di realizzazione attualmente preferita, si deve tener presente che la forma di realizzazione descritta è suscettibile di subire numerose modifiche e varianti, tutte rientranti neN'ambito del concetto del trovato, come definito dalle rivendicazioni seguenti. Although the femoral prosthesis structure according to the invention has been described with specific reference to a currently preferred embodiment thereof, it must be borne in mind that the described embodiment is susceptible of undergoing numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the concept. of the invention, as defined by the following claims.

Claims (12)

RIVENDICAZIONI 1 . Struttura di protesi femorale a resezione della testa femorale, detta struttura di protesi comprendendo uno stelo protesico ed una testa protesica sostanzialmente sferica accoppiabile a detto stelo protesico per mezzo di un ingaggio ad esempio conico, detto stelo protesico avendo un asse longitudinale ed un asse traversale, detto asse longitudinale avendo una lunghezza sostanzialmente maggiore della lunghezza di detto asse trasversale, detto stelo protesico includendo una prima porzione prossimale, una seconda porzione intermedia ed una terza porzione distale mutuamente integrali, caratterizzata dal fatto che detta prima porzione prossimale di detto stelo è sostanzialmente troncoconica e definisce una base minore, una superficie periferica esterna ed una base maggiore, detta superficie periferica esterna essendo impegnabile in modo articolato nella cavità corrispondente di detta testa protesica sferica, detta seconda porzione intermedia essendo anch'essa sostanzialmente troncoconica con una base maggiore raccordantesi a detta base maggiore e a detta prima porzione prossimale e con una base minore detta terza porzione distale essendo anch'essa sostanzialmente troncoconica e/o rastremata con la sua base maggiore che si raccorda a detta base minore della seconda porzione intermedia e con la sua base minore che definisce una porzione di punta distale. CLAIMS 1. Femoral prosthesis structure with resection of the femoral head, said prosthesis structure comprising a prosthetic stem and a substantially spherical prosthetic head which can be coupled to said prosthetic stem by means of a conical engagement, for example, said prosthetic stem having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, said longitudinal axis having a length substantially greater than the length of said transverse axis, said prosthetic stem including a first proximal portion, a second intermediate portion and a third distal portion mutually integral, characterized in that said first proximal portion of said stem is substantially frustoconical and defines a minor base, an external peripheral surface and a major base, said external peripheral surface being articulatedly engageable in the corresponding cavity of said spherical prosthetic head, said second intermediate portion also being substantially frusto-conical with n a major base joining said major base and said first proximal portion and with a minor base said third distal portion also being substantially frusto-conical and / or tapered with its major base connecting to said minor base of the second intermediate portion and with its minor base defining a distal tip portion. 2. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo la rivendicazione 1 , caratterizzata dal fatto che detta seconda porzione intermedia dello stelo presenta una sezione trasversale sostanzialmente ellittica, adattabile alla configurazione geometrica della porzione di collo e di testa del femore. 2. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said second intermediate portion of the stem has a substantially elliptical cross section, adaptable to the geometric configuration of the neck and head portion of the femur. 3. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo la rivendicazione 1 , caratterizzata dal fatto che la seconda porzione intermedia di detto stelo presenta una superficie periferica delimitata da due lati esterno ed interno definenti un profilo avente una curvatura tale da seguire sostanzialmente il percorso trabecolare e la curvatura mediale di detta porzione di collo femorale. 3. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the second intermediate portion of said stem has a peripheral surface delimited by two external and internal sides defining a profile having such a curvature as to substantially follow the trabecular path and the medial curvature of said portion of the femoral neck. 4. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che la superficie periferica di detta seconda porzione intermedia presenta una pluralità di nervature contigue atte ad aumentare la stabilità rotazionale di detto stelo protesico. 4. Femoral prosthesis structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral surface of said second intermediate portion has a plurality of contiguous ribs adapted to increase the rotational stability of said prosthetic stem. 5. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo le rivendicazioni 3 e 4, caratterizzata dal fatto che dette nervature contigue presentano una curvatura sostanzialmente corrispondente alla curvatura di detti due lati esterno ed interno della porzione di stelo intermedia. 5. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said contiguous ribs have a curvature substantially corresponding to the curvature of said two external and internal sides of the intermediate stem portion. 6. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo le rivendicazioni 4 e 5, caratterizzata dal fatto che dette nervature hanno altezze mutuamente differenti, preferibilmente comprese tra 0,5 mm e 4 mm. 6. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that said ribs have mutually different heights, preferably between 0.5 mm and 4 mm. 7. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo la rivendicazione 1 , caratterizzata dal fatto che la terza porzione distale di detto stelo femorale definisce una superficie periferica trattata superficialmente mediante sabbiatura, plasma spray, attacco chimico o altro, al fine di favorire il processo di osteointegrazione e contribuire alla trasmissione delle sollecitazioni provenienti dalla articolazione, e che detta terza porzione distale è sostanzialmente conica e/o rastremata per agevolare e guidare l'inserimento dello stelo protesico in una cavità opportunamente preparata nell'osso femorale, e che detta porzione di punta distale di detta terza porzione distale di detto stelo femorale è sostanzialmente arrotondata. 7. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the third distal portion of said femoral stem defines a peripheral surface treated superficially by sandblasting, plasma spray, chemical etching or other, in order to favor the osseointegration process and contribute to the transmission of the stresses coming from the joint, and that said third distal portion is substantially conical and / or tapered to facilitate and guide the insertion of the prosthetic stem into a suitably prepared cavity in the femoral bone, and that said distal tip portion of said third distal portion of said femoral stem is substantially rounded. 8. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che la base maggiore di detta seconda porzione intermedia dello stelo femorale definisce una superficie prossimale sostanzialmente piatta di detto stelo, detta superficie prossimale essendo inclinata rispetto a detto all'asse trasversale di detto stelo secondo un angolo compreso tra sostanzialmente 40° e 70°, in modo da ottenere un orientamento desiderato dello stelo rispetto al percorso trabecolare della porzione di collo femorale, per agevolare la trasmissione delle forze articolari al femore prossimale agevolando la trasmissione di forze articolari a detto femore prossimale ed evitando la loro scomposizione in componenti indesiderabili, in particolare evitando lo stress shielding . 8. Femoral prosthesis structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the major base of said second intermediate portion of the femoral stem defines a substantially flat proximal surface of said stem, said proximal surface being inclined with respect to said transverse axis of said stem at an angle between substantially 40 ° and 70 °, so as to obtain a desired orientation of the stem with respect to the trabecular path of the portion of the femoral neck, to facilitate the transmission of articular forces to the proximal femur by facilitating the transmission of articular forces to said proximal femur and avoiding their decomposition into undesirable components, in particular avoiding stress shielding. 9. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che lo stelo è atto ad essere fissato inamovibilmente in detto femore mediante un meccanismo di accoppiamento a pressione ed è trattato superficialmente, ad esempio mediante sabbiatura, attacco acido, spruzzatura al plasma e/o simili, al fine di agevolare il processo di osteointegrazione. 9. Femoral prosthesis structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stem is adapted to be fixed immovably in said femur by means of a pressure coupling mechanism and is treated superficially, for example by sandblasting, acid attack, spraying to the plasma and / or similar, in order to facilitate the osseointegration process. 10. Struttura di protesi femorale secondo la rivendicazione 1 , caratterizzata dal fatto che detta testa protesica presenta in un lato una cavità sostanzialmente troncoconica atta ad essere accoppiata a detta porzione prossimale di detto stelo femorale, detta cavità avendo differenti altezze in modo da ottenere differenti posizioni del centro della testa protesica rispetto a detto stelo femorale, al fine di consentire ad un chirurgo di regolare la tensione muscolare e la distanza tra il femore ed il bacino del paziente. 10. Femoral prosthesis structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said prosthetic head has on one side a substantially frusto-conical cavity adapted to be coupled to said proximal portion of said femoral stem, said cavity having different heights so as to obtain different positions of the center of the prosthetic head with respect to said femoral stem, in order to allow a surgeon to adjust the muscle tension and the distance between the femur and the patient's pelvis. 1 1 . Struttura di protesi femorale secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che detta testa protesica è tagliata con un piano sostanzialmente parallelo a detta superficie piana di detta base maggiore di detta porzione intermedia di detto stelo femorale, ad un'altezza tale, misurata da un piano equatoriale di detta testa da definire, in seguito all'accoppiamento con detto stelo femorale inpiantato in detto femore, con una configurazione perfettamente sferica 1 1. Femoral prosthesis structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said prosthetic head is cut with a plane substantially parallel to said flat surface of said major base of said intermediate portion of said femoral stem, at such a height, measured from an equatorial plane of said head to be defined, following coupling with said femoral stem implanted in said femur, with a perfectly spherical configuration 12. Struttura di protesi femorale a resezione della testa femorale, caratterizzata dal fatto che lo stelo protesico e la porzione di testa sferica sono costituiti da materiali biocompatibili, preferibilmente metallici, e sostanzialmente com'è stato descritto ed illustrato per il compito e gli scopi specificati.12. Structure of femoral prosthesis with resection of the femoral head, characterized in that the prosthetic stem and the spherical head portion are made of biocompatible materials, preferably metallic, and substantially as it has been described and illustrated for the specified task and purposes .
IT001185A 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 FEMORAL PROSTHESIS STRUCTURE WITH RESEARCH OF THE FEMORAL HEAD. ITMI20071185A1 (en)

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IT001185A ITMI20071185A1 (en) 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 FEMORAL PROSTHESIS STRUCTURE WITH RESEARCH OF THE FEMORAL HEAD.
PCT/IB2008/001501 WO2008152478A2 (en) 2007-06-13 2008-06-09 Femoral prosthesis construction with a partial resection of the femoral head

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