ITBS20090209A1 - PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE - Google Patents
PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITBS20090209A1 ITBS20090209A1 IT000209A ITBS20090209A ITBS20090209A1 IT BS20090209 A1 ITBS20090209 A1 IT BS20090209A1 IT 000209 A IT000209 A IT 000209A IT BS20090209 A ITBS20090209 A IT BS20090209A IT BS20090209 A1 ITBS20090209 A1 IT BS20090209A1
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- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- organic
- module
- plant according
- circuit
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/003—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/005—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Description
Descrizione Description
Impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica basato su ciclo Rankine organico Plant for the production of electricity based on organic Rankine cycle
Forma oggetto del presente trovato impianto comprendente una pluralità di turbogeneratori basato sul principio di funzionamento del ciclo Rankine con fluido di lavoro organico (ORC, Organic Rankine Cycle) atto alla produzione di elettricità , in particolare l’energia elettrica essendo prodotta dal calore derivante da collettori solari. The present invention relates to a plant comprising a plurality of turbogenerators based on the principle of operation of the Rankine cycle with organic working fluid (ORC, Organic Rankine Cycle) suitable for the production of electricity, in particular the electricity being produced by the heat deriving from solar collectors.
Un turbogeneratore a ciclo Rankine comprende scambiatori di calore, almeno una turbina con generatore elettrico, tubi, pompa di alimentazione del fluido di lavoro, sistema di controllo e interruttore di parallelo. Gli impianti di potenza più elevata sono spesso composti da più moduli pre-assemblati in fabbrica ciascuno costituente un turbogeneratore ORC che risultano facili da trasportare e da installare, nonché da interfacciare con le sorgenti fredde e calde in sito. A Rankine cycle turbogenerator comprises heat exchangers, at least one turbine with an electric generator, pipes, working fluid feed pump, control system and parallel switch. The higher power plants are often composed of several modules pre-assembled in the factory each making up an ORC turbogenerator which are easy to transport and install, as well as to interface with the cold and hot sources on site.
Un ulteriore esempio noto allo stato della tecnica à ̈ descritto nella domanda di brevetto USA N. 5,560,210. Questa ha per oggetto un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica e calore basato su un ciclo Rankine con fluido organico e metodo ad esso relativo. Detti sistemi sono caratterizzati da bassa efficienza in quanto solitamente operano con differenze di temperature moderate fra la sorgente calda e la sorgente fredda. A further example known in the state of the art is described in US patent application No. 5,560,210. This concerns a plant for the production of electricity and heat based on a Rankine cycle with organic fluid and related method. These systems are characterized by low efficiency as they usually operate with moderate temperature differences between the hot source and the cold source.
Uno scopo del trovato oggetto della presente invenzione à ̈ quello di fornire una soluzione al problema tecnico di generare energia elettrica nel caso in cui la sorgente sia costituita da un campo di collettori solari, incrementandone, per quanto possibile, la efficacia di impiego ed estendendone, nell’arco della giornata, la durata di produzione di potenza elettrica. An object of the invention object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the technical problem of generating electrical energy in the case in which the source is constituted by a field of solar collectors, increasing, as far as possible, the effectiveness of use and extending it, during the day, the duration of electricity production.
Il trovato oggetto della presente invenzione realizza gli scopi attraverso almeno due turbogeneratori basati sul principio di funzionamento del ciclo Rankine con fluido di lavoro organico (ORC) atti alla produzione di elettricità ; in particolare, l’energia elettrica à ̈ prodotta dal calore derivante da collettori solari ad elevate temperature, con le caratteristiche precisate nella rivendicazione 1. The invention object of the present invention achieves the purposes through at least two turbogenerators based on the principle of operation of the Rankine cycle with organic working fluid (ORC) suitable for the production of electricity; in particular, electricity is produced by the heat deriving from solar collectors at high temperatures, with the characteristics specified in claim 1.
Questi ed altri vantaggi appariranno nel corso della descrizione dettagliata dell'invenzione che farà riferimento specifico alla tavola 1/1 nella quale si rappresenta un esempio di realizzazione preferenziale del presente trovato assolutamente non limitativo. In particolare la Fig. 1 mostra uno schema d’impianto del trovato. Con riferimento alla suddetta figura 1, l’impianto basato sul principio di funzionamento dei cicli Rankine con fluido di lavoro organico (ORC) secondo l’invenzione à ̈ indicato genericamente con 1. These and other advantages will appear in the course of the detailed description of the invention which will make specific reference to table 1/1 in which an absolutely non-limiting example of preferential embodiment of the present invention is represented. In particular, Fig. 1 shows an installation diagram of the invention. With reference to the aforementioned figure 1, the system based on the operating principle of Rankine cycles with organic working fluid (ORC) according to the invention is generically indicated with 1.
Esso comprende una pluralità di collettori solari 2, un primo circuito 3 per il fluido vettore proveniente dai collettori solari, dotato di un serbatoio di accumulo 12, un secondo circuito 4 con serbatoio di accumulo 11, moduli termodinamici 5,5’,5’’ basati sul funzionamento del ciclo Rankine con fluido di lavoro di tipo organico. Ciascun modulo 5, 5’,5’’ comprende almeno una turbina con generatore elettrico 6, 6’,6’’, preferibilmente un rigeneratore 7,7’, un condensatore 8,8’,8’’, una pompa 9,9’,9’’ e un evaporatore 10,10’,10’’. Inoltre, l’impianto à ̈ caratterizzato dal fatto che almeno due moduli 5,5’ scambiano sul lato caldo, in successione il calore di evaporazione con il fluido vettore proveniente dai collettori solari 2, mentre sul lato freddo, per mezzo dello scambio termico con il fluido del circuito 4, consentono la condensazione del fluido organico nei condensatori 8,8’. Inoltre, detto impianto comprende almeno un ulteriore modulo 5’’ che sul lato caldo, scambia calore di evaporazione con il fluido del circuito 4. It includes a plurality of solar collectors 2, a first circuit 3 for the vector fluid coming from the solar collectors, equipped with a storage tank 12, a second circuit 4 with storage tank 11, thermodynamic modules 5,5â € ™, 5â € ™ â € ™ based on the operation of the Rankine cycle with organic working fluid. Each module 5, 5 ', 5' includes at least one turbine with electric generator 6, 6 ', 6', preferably a regenerator 7,7 ', a capacitor 8,8' , 8â € ™ â € ™, a pump 9.9â € ™, 9â € ™ and an evaporator 10.10â € ™, 10â € ™. Furthermore, the system is characterized by the fact that at least two 5.5â € ™ modules exchange the evaporation heat in succession with the vector fluid coming from the solar collectors 2 on the hot side, while on the cold side, by means of the exchange with the fluid of the circuit 4, allow the condensation of the organic fluid in the condensers 8,8â € ™. Furthermore, said plant includes at least one further module 5â € ™ â € ™ which, on the hot side, exchanges evaporation heat with the fluid of circuit 4.
In particolare, detto circuito del fluido 4 à ̈ caratterizzato da un serbatoio 11 atto all’accumulo del fluido al fine di dilazionare nel tempo l’alimentazione dell’ulteriore modulo 5’’. In particular, said fluid circuit 4 is characterized by a tank 11 adapted to accumulate the fluid in order to delay the supply of the further module 5â € ™ â € ™ over time.
Detti moduli 5, 5’ operano a temperature elevate e la temperatura d’evaporazione del modulo 5 à ̈ maggiore rispetto a quella di un ulteriore modulo 5’; entrambe sono superiori a 200° C. Analogamente, anche la temperatura di condensazione del modulo 5 à ̈ maggiore rispetto a quella di un ulteriore modulo 5’ al fine di ridurre le perdite nello scambio termico del fluido organico condensante ed il fluido del circuito 4 . Said modules 5, 5â € ™ operate at high temperatures and the evaporation temperature of module 5 is higher than that of a further module 5â € ™; both are higher than 200 ° C. Similarly, the condensation temperature of module 5 is also higher than that of a further module 5â € ™ in order to reduce the losses in the heat exchange of the condensing organic fluid and the fluid of circuit 4 .
Infine, detto ciclo Rankine dal modulo 5’’ a bassa temperatura à ̈ realizzato con passaggio di fase in prossimità del punto critico. Il metodo di funzionamento dell’impianto à ̈ caratterizzato dal fatto che il fluido vettore dei collettori solari del primo circuito 3 à ̈ atto a preriscaldare e vaporizzare il fluido organico di lavoro nell’evaporatore 10,10’ rispettivamente dei moduli 5,5’, questo successivamente si espande nella turbina 6,6’, direttamente collegata al generatore elettrico, per poi attraversare il rigeneratore 7,7’. In questo modo, il vapore del fluido organico preriscalda il fluido organico diretto al preriscaldatore e quindi all’evaporatore, e procede il suo percorso verso il condensatore 8,8’ in cui il fluido organico in forma di vapore viene condensato per mezzo del un fluido contenuto nel secondo circuito 4. Finally, said Rankine cycle from module 5â € ™ â € ™ at low temperature is realized with phase passage near the critical point. The operating method of the system is characterized by the fact that the carrier fluid of the solar collectors of the first circuit 3 is able to preheat and vaporize the organic working fluid in the evaporator 10,10â € ™ respectively of the modules 5, 5â € ™, this subsequently expands in the turbine 6.6â € ™, directly connected to the electric generator, and then passes through the regenerator 7.7â € ™. In this way, the vapor of the organic fluid preheats the organic fluid directed to the preheater and then to the evaporator, and proceeds its way to the condenser 8.8â € ™ where the organic fluid in the form of vapor is condensed by means of the a fluid contained in the second circuit 4.
Inoltre, detto liquido condensato viene pompato nel rigeneratore 7,7’ e di qui nell’evaporatore 10,10’ completando il ciclo termodinamico di tipo Rankine. Furthermore, said condensed liquid is pumped into the regenerator 7,7â € ™ and from there into the evaporator 10,10â € ™ completing the Rankine-type thermodynamic cycle.
Analogamente al fluido vettore, il fluido nel secondo circuito 4 à ̈ atto a preriscaldare e vaporizzare il fluido organico di lavoro nell’evaporatore 10’’ del modulo 5’’, il vapore del fluido organico successivamente espande in turbina 6’’ direttamente collegata al generatore elettrico, ed il vapore viene poi condensato utilizzando l’aria ambiente a temperatura inferiore, infine, il liquido condensato viene pompato nell’evaporatore 10’’ completando il ciclo termodinamico Rankine. Similarly to the carrier fluid, the fluid in the second circuit 4 is able to preheat and vaporize the organic working fluid in evaporator 10 '' of module 5 '', the vapor of the organic fluid subsequently expands in turbine 6â € ™ â € ™ directly connected to the electric generator, and the steam is then condensed using the ambient air at a lower temperature, finally, the condensed liquid is pumped into the evaporator 10â € ™ â € ™ completing the thermodynamic cycle Rankine.
Naturalmente la forma di realizzazione sopra presentata à ̈ soltanto un esempio non limitativo di realizzazione del trovato. Naturally, the embodiment presented above is only a non-limiting example of embodiment of the invention.
In particolare, i fluidi organici di lavoro nei circuiti 5 e 5’ possono essere diversi tra loro con temperatura critica più elevata per il fluido che percorre il ciclo 5 rispetto a quello del ciclo 5’. In particular, the organic working fluids in circuits 5 and 5â € ™ can be different from each other with a higher critical temperature for the fluid that runs through cycle 5 than that of cycle 5â € ™.
Inoltre, uno o entrambi i fluidi possono essere costituiti da miscele non azeotropiche di fluidi organici, con il vantaggio di una riduzione delle differenze di temperatura tra il fluido e la sorgente grazie al passaggio di fase in evaporazione e condensazione non isotermo. Furthermore, one or both fluids can be constituted by non-azeotropic mixtures of organic fluids, with the advantage of a reduction in the temperature differences between the fluid and the source thanks to the phase transition in non-isothermal evaporation and condensation.
I vantaggi di un impianto secondo lo schema proposto basato sul principio di funzionamento di cicli Rankine con fluido di lavoro organico (ORC) atto alla produzione di elettricità sono: innanzitutto, quello di incrementare l’efficienza delle prestazioni del ciclo termodinamico Rankine con fluido di lavoro di tipo organico grazie al fatto che le temperature di sottrazione del calore dal fluido vettore di calore che fluisce in successione attraverso gli scambiatori 10 e 10’ à ̈ prossima a quella del fluido organico ricevente il calore, grazie alla disposizione in cascata e ai diversi valori della temperatura di evaporazione. Inoltre l’accumulo nel serbatoio di stoccaggio 11 può avvenire utilizzando nel circuito 4 acqua con temperatura inferiore alla temperatura di ebollizione dell’acqua a pressione ambiente, per cui il serbatoio di accumulo 11 risulta essere non pressurizzato e caricato con un fluido di basso costo quale, appunto, l’acqua. The advantages of a plant according to the proposed scheme based on the principle of operation of Rankine cycles with organic working fluid (ORC) suitable for the production of electricity are: first of all, that of increasing the efficiency of the performance of the Rankine thermodynamic cycle with work of an organic type thanks to the fact that the temperatures of subtraction of the heat from the heat carrier fluid that flows in succession through the exchangers 10 and 10â € ™ is close to that of the organic fluid receiving the heat, thanks to the arrangement in cascade and the different evaporation temperature values. Furthermore, the accumulation in the storage tank 11 can take place using water in circuit 4 with a temperature lower than the boiling temperature of the water at ambient pressure, so that the storage tank 11 is not pressurized and filled with a low cost which, in fact, the water.
Pertanto risulta economicamente vantaggioso utilizzare grandi quantità /volumi di accumulo e quindi estendere il funzionamento dell’impianto nella sua funzione a bassa temperatura 5†a tempi lunghi o anche a tutto il giorno. Therefore, it is economically advantageous to use large quantities / volumes of accumulation and therefore to extend the operation of the system in its low temperature function 5⠀ for long times or even for the whole day.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITBS2009A000209A IT1396501B1 (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITBS2009A000209A IT1396501B1 (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE. |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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ITBS20090209A1 true ITBS20090209A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
IT1396501B1 IT1396501B1 (en) | 2012-12-14 |
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ITBS2009A000209A IT1396501B1 (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE. |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5946916A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1999-09-07 | Ven; Livien D. | Vapor forced engine |
DE19907512A1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-08-31 | Frank Eckert | Apparatus for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process has a fluid regenerator in each stage to achieve a greater temperature differential between the cascade inlet and outlet |
EP1519108A1 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-03-30 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Process for the generation of superheated steam, steam generator for a power plant and power plant |
DE102006028746A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-27 | Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, comprises evaporator, turbine, recuperator and condenser, where organic working fluid is tetramethylsilane and has specific pressure and temperature |
-
2009
- 2009-11-17 IT ITBS2009A000209A patent/IT1396501B1/en active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5946916A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1999-09-07 | Ven; Livien D. | Vapor forced engine |
DE19907512A1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-08-31 | Frank Eckert | Apparatus for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process has a fluid regenerator in each stage to achieve a greater temperature differential between the cascade inlet and outlet |
EP1519108A1 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-03-30 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Process for the generation of superheated steam, steam generator for a power plant and power plant |
DE102006028746A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-27 | Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, comprises evaporator, turbine, recuperator and condenser, where organic working fluid is tetramethylsilane and has specific pressure and temperature |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IT1396501B1 (en) | 2012-12-14 |
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