ITBO940134A1 - EVACUATOR FOR SMOKES AND HOT GASES, PARTICULARLY FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS - Google Patents

Description

Title: "SMOKE AND HOT GAS EVACUATOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS"

The present invention relates to a smoke and hot gas evacuator, in particular for emergency situations.

Evacuators of the type are already known and are used to close a skylight window. They consist of a leaf articulated along a horizontal axis which from a closed position is overturned into an open position by means of a pair of jacks. One of these jacks performs partial opening up to about 90 ° and the other completes this opening beyond 90 °.

However, the arrangement of a pair of jacks is somewhat laborious and expensive, taking into account that the actuation of these jacks is activated by suitable sensors capable of detecting the presence of fumes or hot gases that reveal a dangerous situation.

The technical aim of the present invention is therefore to devise an evacuator capable of obviating the constructive complexity of the known ones.

This catch is achieved with a smoke and hot gas evacuator of the type comprising a leaf hinged along a horizontal axis for closing a skylight opening characterized by the fact that it includes a support beam fixed through said opening perpendicular to said axis d and a telescopic jack having the external cylinder articulated to said beam according to an axis parallel to said hinging axis and the innermost one articulatedly attached to a point of said leaf, said jack being positively extendable by means of compressed gas contained in a cylinder enslaved to a smoke and / or hot gas sensor to rotate said leaf from a closed position to an open position, and said jack being equipped with a hydraulic shock absorber to allow the controlled descent of the leaf beyond the opening of 90 ° up to the position stop.

Further particularities of the invention will become more evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which:

fig. 1 shows the evacuator in a perspective view in the closed position;

fig. 2 shows the same evacuator in the open position;

fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the actuation jack e

fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a detail of the jack.

With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the evacuator comprises a rectangular leaf 1, hinged along a horizontal axis A to a frame 2 which circumscribes an opening 3. To fix the ideas, it is assumed that the opening 3 is made in the ceiling of an environment that you want to keep under surveillance, eg. a kitchen. Naturally the evacuator is applicable to any type of environment.

The ends of a beam 4 consisting of a pair of parallel and spaced longitudinal members 5 are fixed to the longitudinal walls of the frame 2. A fluid-dynamic jack 6 of the multi-extension or telescopic type is pivoted between the longitudinal members 5.

Dog is best shown in fig. 2, the jack 6 comprises a first external cylinder 7 closed at one end by a bottom 8 and having, at the end, a ring 9 equipped with a pair of coaxial pins 10, 11 for articulation in the beam 4.

Inside the cylinder 7 a second cylinder 12 slides closed on one side by a bottom 13 and having the opposite end which extends beyond the ring 9 and in which a collar 14 is centered.

Between the bottoms 8 and 13 there remains a chamber 15 which, through a channel 16 obtained in the bottom 8, is connected to a tube 17 which extends outside the cylinder 7. The tube 17 has the ends affixed and sealed in the seats of the cylinder. bottom 8 and ring 9 and is in communication with a passage 18 which axially crosses the pin 11 to be connected to a source of compressed air, which will be better later on.

Inside the cylinder 12, a third cylinder 19 is slidably housed, one end of which is guided in the collar 14 while the specific end is closed by a sort of cup 20 screwed onto it and guided hermetically into the cylinder 12. 20 has in the center a cylindrical relief 21 which protrudes into a recess 22 of the bottom 13 defining with the latter a chamber in communication with the chamber 15 through a hole 23 made in the bottom 13 and with the inside of the cylinder 19 through a hole 24.

In relief 21 a rod 25 is invited which extends coaxially to the cylinder 19 and carries a piston 26.

The piston 26 slides sealingly in a fourth cylinder 27 guided inside the cylinder 19 and having an end which extends outside the cylinder 19 closed by a plug 28. A bushing is applied to the opposite end of the cylinder 27. 29 which runs externally in the cylinder 19 and internally on the rod 25.

The cap 28 is equipped with a threaded stem 30 which allows the application of a body for the articulated connection with a midpoint of a crosspiece 31 which connects the two longitudinal currents of the leaf 1.

The piston 26 divides the interior of the cylinder 27 into two chambers containing a pneumo-hydraulic fluid, e.g. gas 002 and oil. The two chambers 32,33 communicate with each other through a calibrated hole 34 (see fig. 4) and a one-way valve 35 of the type consisting of a ball 36 which, pushed by a spring 37, closes a hole 38 which axially crosses the piston. 26. Valve 35 is oriented to close port 36 when the pressure in chamber 32 is greater than that in chamber 33.

A cylinder 39 of a compressed gas, for example CO2, is provided for the supply of the jack 6, enslaved by a smoke and / or hot gas sensor 40 and installed on a shelf 41 which joins the longitudinal members 5 that make up the beam at the top. 4.

On the shelf 41 there is also mounted a pneumatic cylinder 42 connected in series to the jack 6, whose stem 43 is arranged to engage in the manner of a bolt in an eyelet 44 positioned on the crosspiece 31.

The pneumatic cylinder 42 is associated with a pin 45 guided in the frame 2 and equipped with a knob accessible from the outside. The pin 45 is aligned with the stem 43 and can be operated manually to release the stem 43 from its engagement position in the eyelet 44 during periodic inspections or in case of failure of the evacuator in emergency situations.

The operation of the described evacuator is as follows. In normal conditions the leaf 1 rests on the frame 2 and closed by the engagement of the stem 43 in the eyelet 44.

Upon the occurrence of an emergency situation (presence of fumes or temperature exceeding a predetermined value), the sensor 40 detects this anomaly and commands the opening of the cylinder 39. The compressed gas that is released first activates the cylinder 42, unlocking the door 1 and then the telescopic jack 6. Therefore, the compressed air after having invaded the chambers 15 and 22 causes the extraction of the cylinders 12 and 19 and an extension of the jack until the leaf has rotated over 90 °.

When the cylinders 12,19 have reached their respective limit switches, the compressed air, through the hole 24, acts on the cylinder 27 causing its expulsion from the cylinder 19. Moreover, the consequent elongation is slowed down by the resistance with which the pneumatic fluid. contained in the cylinder 27 transfers from the chamber 32 into the chamber 33 through the calibrated hole 34.

This allows the leaf 1 to smoothly reach the final opening position.

The overturning of the door in the closed position will be done manually. In particular, the transfer of fluid from the chamber 33 into the chamber 32 during the shortening of the jack is facilitated by the opening of the valve 35.

As you can recognize the described evacuator reaches perfectly the scapes in charge. In particular, the use of a telescopic jack allows a considerable simplification of construction and assembly and therefore a greater adaptation of the possibilities of applying the evacuator to the various types of doors, from rectangular to circular ones, with flat or domed glass panels.

Numerous modifications and variations are possible in the practical implementation of the invention, all of which are within the scope of the same inventive concept. Furthermore, the shapes and dimensions, as well as the materials used, may be any according to requirements.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS 1. Smoke and hot gas evacuator of the type comprising a leaf hinged along a horizontal axis for closing a skylight opening characterized in that it comprises a support beam fixed through said opening perpendicular to said hinging axis and a telescopic jack having the external cylinder articulated to said beam securing an axis parallel to said hinging axis and the innermost one jointly attached to a point of said wing, said cylinder being positively extendable by means of compressed gas contained in a cylinder enslaved by a smoke sensor and / or hot gases to rotate said leaf from a closed position to an open position, and said jack being equipped with a hydraulic shock absorber to allow the controlled descent of the leaf beyond the opening by 90 ° to the stop position. 2. Evacuator according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the innermost cylinder of said jack has one end articulatedly connected to said leaf and is divided into two chambers by a piston which, by means of a coaxial rod, is connected to the cylinder immediately outermost thereto. , said chambers containing a pneumo-hydraulic fluid and being connected between each other by a calibrated hole and a one-way valve arranged in the piston, said valve being oriented in the direction of intercepting the transfer of fluid between the two chambers during the extension of the jack and allow only the transfer of fluid through said calibrated hole. 3. Evacuator according to claim 2 characterized in that a pneumatic cylinder is connected in series to said telescopic jack, the stem of which constitutes a bolt for retaining said leaf in the closed position. 4. Evacuator according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the outermost cylinder of the nert inept is articulated to said beam by means of a pair of coaxial pins, a passage being provided through said pin for the supply of compressed gas to said jack. 5. Evacuator according to one of claims 3, 4 characterized in that a manually operated pin is provided which acts from the outside on the rod of said cylinder to release it and allow the leaf to be opened manually. 6. Smoke and hot gas evacuator, in particular for emergency situations according to what can be deduced from the above description and from the attached drawings.