ITBO20130051A1 - COMPONENT IN COMPOSITE THERMO-HARDENING MATERIAL PROVIDED WITH A COATING MADE OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER, USE OF THESE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER FOR COATING AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE COATING TO THESE COMPONENTS - Google Patents
COMPONENT IN COMPOSITE THERMO-HARDENING MATERIAL PROVIDED WITH A COATING MADE OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER, USE OF THESE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER FOR COATING AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE COATING TO THESE COMPONENTSInfo
- Publication number
- ITBO20130051A1 ITBO20130051A1 IT000051A ITBO20130051A ITBO20130051A1 IT BO20130051 A1 ITBO20130051 A1 IT BO20130051A1 IT 000051 A IT000051 A IT 000051A IT BO20130051 A ITBO20130051 A IT BO20130051A IT BO20130051 A1 ITBO20130051 A1 IT BO20130051A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- composite material
- thermoplastic polymer
- thermosetting matrix
- components made
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003677 Sheet moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
- B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
- B29C51/145—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets having at least one layer of textile or fibrous material combined with at least one plastics layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
“COMPONENTE IN MATERIALE COMPOSITO A MATRICE TERMOINDURENTE PROVVISTO DI UN RIVESTIMENTO REALIZZATO IN UN POLIMERO TERMOPLASTICO, USO DEL DETTO POLIMERO TERMOPLASTICO PER IL RIVESTIMENTO E METODO DI APPLICAZIONE DEL RIVESTIMENTO AI DETTI COMPONENTI†⠀ œCOMPONENT IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH THERMOSETTING MATRIX PROVIDED WITH A COATING MADE OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER, USE OF THE SAID THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER FOR COATING AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE COATING TO THE SAID COMPONENTSâ €
SETTORE DELLA TECNICA TECHNIQUE SECTOR
La presente invenzione à ̈ relativa ad un componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente provvisto di un rivestimento realizzato in un polimero termoplastico, un uso del detto polimero termoplastico per il rivestimento del componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente e ad un metodo di applicazione del rivestimento ai detti componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente. The present invention relates to a component in thermosetting matrix composite material provided with a coating made of a thermoplastic polymer, a use of said thermoplastic polymer for coating the component in thermosetting matrix composite material and to a method of applying the coating to said components in composite material with a thermosetting matrix.
ARTE ANTERIORE ANTERIOR ART
Come noto, sempre più di frequente in molti settori si sceglie di utilizzare componenti realizzati in materiale composito che consentono di combinare buone prestazioni in termini di affidabilità ed una considerevole riduzione di peso dei componenti stessi. As known, more and more frequently in many sectors it is chosen to use components made of composite material which allow to combine good performances in terms of reliability and a considerable weight reduction of the components themselves.
L’impiego dei materiali compositi in alcuni settori à ̈ però reso difficoltoso per diversi motivi. The use of composite materials in some sectors is however made difficult for several reasons.
Ad esempio, per applicazioni ad elevate potenze di esercizio, ad esempio per macchine movimento terra oppure per applicazioni nel settore nautico o aeronautico, potrebbero trovare vantaggiosa applicazione dei cilindri oleodinamici interamente o almeno parzialmente realizzati in materiale composito. In altre parole, un tipo di cilindri oleodinamici in cui almeno un elemento fra la camicia esterna e l’assieme formato dal pistone e dallo stelo à ̈ realizzato in un materiale composito. For example, for applications with high operating power, for example for earth-moving machines or for applications in the nautical or aeronautical sector, the application of hydraulic cylinders entirely or at least partially made of composite material could be advantageous. In other words, a type of hydraulic cylinders in which at least one element between the outer jacket and the assembly formed by the piston and the rod is made of a composite material.
Tali cilindri oleodinamici consentirebbero di ottenere buone prestazioni in termini di riduzioni di peso del cilindro oleodinamico stesso rispetto ad un cilindro oleodinamico di tipo noto e normalmente impiegato in questo tipo di applicazioni e realizzato in materiale metallico. I cilindri oleodinamici almeno parzialmente realizzati in materiale composito non sono ancora largamente diffusi a causa dell’elevato grado di usura del materiale composito dovuta allo scorrimento reciproco fra la camicia esterna e l’assieme formato dal pistone e dallo stelo. Such hydraulic cylinders would allow to obtain good performances in terms of weight reductions of the oil-hydraulic cylinder itself with respect to a known-type hydraulic cylinder normally used in this type of applications and made of metallic material. Hydraulic cylinders at least partially made of composite material are not yet widespread due to the high degree of wear of the composite material due to the reciprocal sliding between the external liner and the assembly formed by the piston and the rod.
Inoltre, il materiale composito non può essere utilizzato nei condotti all’interno dei quali vengono trasportati materiali o solidi abrasivi o solidi sospesi dal momento che il materiale composito si usura troppo facilmente. Furthermore, composite material cannot be used in ducts in which abrasive materials or solids or suspended solids are transported since the composite material wears too easily.
Una applicazione tipica à ̈ il rivestimento interno di un tamburo di una betoniera; si à ̈ verificato infatti che la miscela di elementi quali acqua, sabbia, ghiaia e leganti che viene versata all’interno del detto bicchiere provoca un rapido deterioramento del materiale composito. A typical application is the internal lining of a concrete mixer drum; In fact, it has been verified that the mixture of elements such as water, sand, gravel and binders that is poured into the glass causes a rapid deterioration of the composite material.
Parimenti, il materiale composito utilizzato per la realizzazione di un braccio di distribuzione di pompe per calcestruzzo à ̈ negativamente affetto dal problema dell’usura. Likewise, the composite material used for the construction of a distribution arm for concrete pumps is negatively affected by the problem of wear.
Oppure ancora, un altro esempio tipico à ̈ rappresentato dagli assili ferroviari e tramviari sottoposti in continuo all’azione meccanica di impatto ed usura da parte degli oggetti solidi sollevati dal moto del mezzo. Or again, another typical example is represented by railway and tramway axles continuously subjected to the mechanical action of impact and wear by solid objects raised by the motion of the vehicle.
Analogamente, nel settore nautico occorre incrementare la resistenza ad impatto ed usura dei componenti realizzati in materiale composito, in particolare di palette ed eliche. Similarly, in the nautical sector it is necessary to increase the resistance to impact and wear of components made of composite material, in particular of blades and propellers.
Anche nel settore aeronautico vi à ̈ una analoga esigenza di incrementare la resistenza ad usura dei componenti realizzati in materiale composito anche se in condizioni di lavoro completamente diverse (particolato atmosferico ad elevata velocità ). Nei casi particolari in cui le velocità siano supersoniche ed i tempi di esercizio molto limitati sono ipotizzabili anche soluzioni basate su rivestimenti antiusura con caratteristiche ablative. Also in the aeronautical sector there is a similar need to increase the wear resistance of components made of composite material even if in completely different working conditions (atmospheric particulate at high speed). In particular cases in which the speeds are supersonic and the operating times are very limited, solutions based on wear-resistant coatings with ablative characteristics are also conceivable.
E poi ancora, il materiale composito non può essere utilizzato nell’industria alimentare e nell’industria farmaceutica e non à ̈ nemmeno un materiale bioimpiantabile. Per cui, pur consentendo notevoli riduzioni di peso, non à ̈ possibile impiegare il materiale composito per rulli o altri cinematismi che entrino a contatto con alimenti o composizioni farmaceutiche oppure per realizzare componenti che trovino impiego nella ingegneria biomedica. And then again, the composite material cannot be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and it is not even a bio-implantable material. Therefore, while allowing considerable weight reductions, it is not possible to use the composite material for rollers or other kinematics that come into contact with food or pharmaceutical compositions or to make components that are used in biomedical engineering.
DESCRIZIONE DELLA INVENZIONE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ di fornire un componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente provvisto di un rivestimento realizzato in un polimero termoplastico, che sia esente degli inconvenienti dello stato dell’arte. The object of the present invention is to provide a component in thermosetting matrix composite material provided with a coating made of a thermoplastic polymer, which is free from the drawbacks of the state of the art.
Ulteriore scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ di fornire un metodo di applicazione di detto rivestimento a componenti realizzati in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente, che sia privo degli inconvenienti dello stato dell’arte e sia nel contempo di facile ed economica implementazione. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of applying said coating to components made of composite material with a thermosetting matrix, which is free from the drawbacks of the state of the art and is at the same time easy and economical to implement.
Secondo la presente invenzione viene fornito un uso di un polimero termoplastico per il rivestimento di componenti realizzati in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente secondo quanto rivendicato dalla rivendicazione 1 e da una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni successive dipendenti dalla rivendicazione 1. According to the present invention, a use of a thermoplastic polymer is provided for the coating of components made of composite material with a thermosetting matrix according to what is claimed by claim 1 and by any of the subsequent claims dependent on claim 1.
Secondo la presente invenzione viene fornito un metodo di applicazione di un rivestimento a componenti realizzati in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente, secondo quanto rivendicato dalla rivendicazione 4 e da una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni successive dipendenti dalla rivendicazione 4. According to the present invention there is provided a method of applying a coating to components made of thermosetting matrix composite material, according to what is claimed by claim 4 and by any of the subsequent claims dependent on claim 4.
Secondo la presente invenzione viene inoltre fornito un componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente provvisto di un rivestimento realizzato in un polimero termoplastico secondo quanto rivendicato dalla rivendicazione 10. According to the present invention there is also provided a component in thermosetting matrix composite material provided with a coating made of a thermoplastic polymer according to what is claimed in claim 10.
FORME DI ATTUAZIONE PREFERITE DELL’INVENZIONE PREFERRED FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Nella trattazione che segue verrà descritto il metodo di applicazione di un rivestimento per componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente. In the following discussion, the method of applying a coating for components in composite material with a thermosetting matrix will be described.
Nella trattazione che segue si fa esplicito riferimento ai materiali compositi a matrice termoindurente e con tale denominazione si vuole indicare senza perdere di generalità un materiale composito con una qualsiasi matrice polimerica termoindurente – PMC, ed in particolare quelli basati su resine epossidiche. In the following discussion explicit reference is made to composite materials with a thermosetting matrix and with this denomination we want to indicate without losing generality a composite material with any thermosetting polymeric matrix - PMC, and in particular those based on epoxy resins.
In modo del tutto analogo, con il termine materiale composito si vuole qui indicare un qualsiasi tipo di fase dispersa (o rinforzo) per il materiale composito: compositi in cui il rinforzo à ̈ costituito da particelle disperse all’interno della matrice, compositi in cui il rinforzo à ̈ costituito da fibre (lunghe oppure corte), ecc. In a completely analogous way, the term composite material here means any type of dispersed phase (or reinforcement) for the composite material: composites in which the reinforcement is made up of particles dispersed inside the matrix, composites in which the reinforcement consists of fibers (long or short), etc.
I materiali compositi rinforzati con fibre trovano una larga applicazione ed il rinforzo può essere realizzato mediante una qualsiasi delle fibre di seguito elencate: fibra di vetro, fibra di carbonio, fibra di basalto, fibre ceramiche, ecc ecc. Composite materials reinforced with fibers find a wide application and the reinforcement can be made by any of the fibers listed below: glass fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, ceramic fiber, etc. etc.
Il rivestimento per componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente à ̈ realizzato attraverso l’applicazione di un polimero termoplastico ovvero termofusibile. Secondo una preferita variante, il rivestimento comprende degli additivi funzionali per favorire l'adesione al materiale composito comprendente la matrice termoindurente ed il materiale di rinforzo sopra citato. The coating for components in thermosetting matrix composite material is made through the application of a thermoplastic or thermofusible polymer. According to a preferred variant, the coating comprises functional additives to favor adhesion to the composite material comprising the thermosetting matrix and the reinforcement material mentioned above.
In particolare si à ̈ verificato sperimentalmente che un possibile rivestimento basato su un polimero termoplastico commerciale, distribuito con il nome di PPA 571<®>, consente di ottenere buone prestazioni grazie alle caratteristiche peculiari del detto polimero termoplastico; tale polimero termoplastico à ̈ essenzialmente costituito infatti da un polietilene chimicamente modificato per incrementare l’adesione su materiali metallici ed inorganici. In particular, it has been experimentally verified that a possible coating based on a commercial thermoplastic polymer, distributed under the name of PPA 571 <®>, allows to obtain good performances thanks to the peculiar characteristics of said thermoplastic polymer; this thermoplastic polymer is essentially constituted by a chemically modified polyethylene to increase the adhesion on metallic and inorganic materials.
Il polimero termofusibile utilizzato per la produzione del rivestimento può essere disponibile in diverse forme, per alcune delle quali si à ̈ determinato uno specifico metodo di applicazione del rivestimento stesso ai componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente. Secondo una prima variante, tale rivestimento à ̈ applicato a partire da fogli polimerici, generalmente di spessore dell’ordine di 1 - 3 mm circa e di dimensioni considerevoli (2 mq circa). Da questi fogli possono essere tagliate porzioni di una dimensione opportuna in funzione delle dimensioni del componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente da rivestire. In questo caso, il rivestimento à ̈ applicato mediante termoformatura. In particolare, la termoformatura può avvenire sia mediante stampaggio a caldo sotto l’azione di una pressa meccanica, sia mediante stampaggio a caldo in sacco a vuoto, eventualmente in combinazione con l’applicazione di una pressione esterna. The hot-melt polymer used for the production of the coating can be available in different forms, for some of which a specific method of applying the coating to the components in composite material with a thermosetting matrix has been determined. According to a first variant, this coating is applied starting from polymeric sheets, generally with a thickness of about 1 - 3 mm and of considerable size (about 2 m2). Portions of a suitable size can be cut from these sheets according to the size of the component in thermosetting matrix composite material to be coated. In this case, the coating is applied by thermoforming. In particular, thermoforming can take place either by hot molding under the action of a mechanical press, or by hot molding in a vacuum bag, possibly in combination with the application of an external pressure.
Nel caso di termoformatura in sacco a vuoto, i fogli di rivestimento vengono applicati a freddo sul componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente e l’insieme viene chiuso in sacco a vuoto. L’applicazione del rivestimento viene completata in una fase successiva, riscaldando il sacco a vuoto ad una temperatura dell’ordine di 130°C e normalmente compresa tra 100°C e 200°C, in condizioni di vuoto dinamico in forno o, eventualmente, in autoclave ad una pressione generalmente dell’ordine di 6 bar. In the case of thermoforming in a vacuum bag, the coating sheets are applied cold on the component in composite material with a thermosetting matrix and the whole is closed in a vacuum bag. The application of the coating is completed in a subsequent phase, by heating the vacuum bag to a temperature of the order of 130 ° C and normally between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, under dynamic vacuum conditions in the oven or, eventually, in an autoclave at a pressure generally of the order of 6 bar.
Nel caso invece di termoformatura in pressa a caldo, i fogli di rivestimento vengono fatti fondere sul componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente in uno stampo sotto l’azione combinata di temperatura e pressione. Tale metodologia consente una maggiore precisione dimensionale del prodotto finito, nonché di replicare esattamente il profilo del rispettivo semistampo teflonato e, dall’altro, di velocizzare il processo di produzione. In the case of thermoforming in a hot press, the coating sheets are melted onto the component in composite material with a thermosetting matrix in a mold under the combined action of temperature and pressure. This methodology allows greater dimensional accuracy of the finished product, as well as to exactly replicate the profile of the respective Teflon-coated half-mold and, on the other, to speed up the production process.
Il componente in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente di partenza, ad esempio a matrice epossidica o vinilestere, può essere un materiale composito rinforzato a fibra lunga (prodotto con pressa a caldo o in sacco a vuoto) oppure un materiale composito rinforzato a fibra corta prodotto ad esempio con il processo di stampaggio noto come SMC (Sheet Moulding Compounds). The component in the starting thermosetting matrix composite material, for example with an epoxy or vinylester matrix, can be a long fiber reinforced composite material (produced with a hot press or vacuum bag) or a short fiber reinforced composite material produced at example with the molding process known as SMC (Sheet Molding Compounds).
Secondo una seconda variante, la fase di applicazione del rivestimento ai componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente à ̈ realizzata contemporaneamente al processo di formatura del composito a matrice termoindurente stesso mediante sacco a vuoto o stampaggio in pressa (secondo la tecnica nota e non descritta in dettaglio per applicazione successiva di pelli). According to a second variant, the step of applying the coating to the components in thermosetting matrix composite material is carried out simultaneously with the forming process of the thermosetting matrix composite itself by means of a vacuum bag or press molding (according to the known technique and not described in detail for subsequent application of leathers).
Alternativamente i fogli per il rivestimento vengono inseriti nello stesso stampo in cui avviene l’iniezione della resina, preferibilmente di tipo epossidica oppure vinilestere. Ovvero in una fase iniziale, viene ottenuta una preforma intrecciando delle fibre continue secondo la tecnica nota del Braiding oppure del Filament Winding (entrambe note e non descritte in dettaglio) in modo da ottenere una preforma. Successivamente, tale preforma viene inserita all’interno di uno stampo in cui, una volta chiuso lo stampo stesso, viene iniettata della resina che impregna la preforma per completare la formazione del componente secondo la tecnica nota del Resin Transfer Moulding – RTM. Alternatively, the sheets for the coating are inserted into the same mold in which the resin is injected, preferably of the epoxy or vinyl ester type. That is, in an initial phase, a preform is obtained by weaving continuous fibers according to the known technique of Braiding or Filament Winding (both known and not described in detail) in order to obtain a preform. Subsequently, this preform is inserted inside a mold in which, once the mold itself is closed, resin is injected which impregnates the preform to complete the formation of the component according to the known technique of Resin Transfer Molding â € “RTM.
Secondo una ulteriore variante, il polimero termoplastico per ottenere il rivestimento à ̈ disponibile come polvere granulata o grani. In questo caso, il rivestimento à ̈ applicato mediante le stesse tecniche di termoformatura in sacco a vuoto o in pressa a caldo, eventualmente sfruttando effetti elettrostatici per distribuire la polvere granulata o grani sul materiale composito a matrice termoindurente. Chiaramente, la metodologia che sfrutta effetti elettrostatici à ̈ applicabile solo nel caso in cui la matrice e/o il rinforzo siano elettricamente conduttivi, come nel caso delle fibre di carbonio. According to a further variant, the thermoplastic polymer to obtain the coating is available as granulated powder or grains. In this case, the coating is applied using the same thermoforming techniques in a vacuum bag or in a hot press, possibly using electrostatic effects to distribute the granulated powder or grains on the composite material with a thermosetting matrix. Clearly, the methodology that exploits electrostatic effects is applicable only in the case in which the matrix and / or the reinforcement are electrically conductive, as in the case of carbon fibers.
Secondo questa variante, la fase di applicazione del rivestimento ai componenti in materiale composito à ̈ realizzata o contemporaneamente o in una fase successiva alla fase in cui viene completata la produzione del componente in materiale composito. According to this variant, the step of applying the coating to the components in composite material is carried out either at the same time or in a subsequent step to the step in which the production of the component in composite material is completed.
Secondo una ulteriore variante, una volta che il rivestimento à ̈ stato applicato al componente in materiale composito termoindurente ed eventualmente lavorato meccanicamente, viene di nuovo rammollito per applicare mediante termoformatura altri strati di materiali. In altre parole à ̈ possibile utilizzare il rivestimento come interfaccia attiva per unire un materiale composito a matrice termoindurente ad un qualsiasi altro materiale che presenti una buona adesione ai polimeri termoplastici. Fra questi sono compresi: metalli, ceramica, vetro, vetroresina, cementi, materiali inorganici in genere (fra cui i materiali compositi, anche a fibre lunga), altri polimeri termoplastici quali polietilene non modificato, polipropilene, e poliolefine in genere (fra cui i materiali compositi, anche a fibre lunga). According to a further variant, once the coating has been applied to the component in thermosetting composite material and possibly worked mechanically, it is softened again to apply other layers of materials by thermoforming. In other words, it is possible to use the coating as an active interface to join a composite material with a thermosetting matrix to any other material that has good adhesion to thermoplastic polymers. These include: metals, ceramics, glass, fiberglass, cements, inorganic materials in general (including composite materials, even with long fibers), other thermoplastic polymers such as unmodified polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyolefins in general (including composite materials, even with long fibers).
Risulta così possibile applicare, ad esempio, un numero di strati di vari materiali su dei componenti realizzati in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente. Ad esempio nel caso di un cilindro oleodinamico per applicazioni ad alta potenza, il cui stelo à ̈ realizzato in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente, à ̈ possibile applicare due semigusci metallici esternamente allo stelo realizzato in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente con l’interposizione del rivestimento in polimero termoplastico. In particolare, dopo avere lavorato il rivestimento fino ad ottenere le dimensioni desiderate à ̈ possibile applicare i due semigusci metallici sul rivestimento stesso tramite termoformatura. It is thus possible to apply, for example, a number of layers of various materials on components made of composite material with a thermosetting matrix. For example, in the case of a hydraulic cylinder for high power applications, whose stem is made of thermosetting matrix composite material, it is possible to apply two metal half-shells externally to the stem made of thermosetting matrix composite material with the interposition of the thermoplastic polymer coating. In particular, after having worked the coating to obtain the desired dimensions, it is possible to apply the two metal half-shells on the coating itself by means of thermoforming.
In molti casi la funzione di interfaccia attiva svolta dal polimero termoplastico consente di raggiungere una capacità di adesione superiore a qualsiasi collante noto, anche nel caso di utilizzo del polimero termoplastico per il collegamento fra loro di componenti massivi (come per esempio la giunzione dello stelo di un cilindro oleodinamico sulla sua rispettiva base metallica). In many cases, the active interface function performed by the thermoplastic polymer allows to reach an adhesion capacity higher than any known glue, even in the case of using the thermoplastic polymer for the connection of massive components together (such as for example the junction of the stem of a hydraulic cylinder on its respective metal base).
Si à ̈ verificato sperimentalmente che il rivestimento per componenti in materiale composito e il metodo di realizzazione di un rivestimento per componenti in materiale composito descritti nella trattazione che precedono presentano diversi vantaggi. It has been experimentally verified that the coating for components in composite material and the method of manufacturing a coating for components in composite material described in the previous discussion have several advantages.
In primo luogo, il rivestimento oltre a raggiungere una eccellente adesione al materiale composito a matrice termoindurente, senza appesantire eccessivamente i componenti (i rivestimenti sono normalmente di spessore ridotto e, in particolare, presentano uno spessore compreso fra 1 mm e 5 mm e tipicamente inferiore a 3 mm, e presentano una ridotta densità del polimero impiegato, dell’ordine ad esempio di circa 1g/cm<3>nel caso del polietilene) e conferisce ai componenti stessi una elevata resistenza ed un ridotto grado di usura nel caso ad esempio dallo scorrimento reciproco fra componenti diversi oppure per effetto dell’azione di materiali sospesi o solidi abrasivi. In the first place, the coating in addition to achieving excellent adhesion to the thermosetting matrix composite material, without excessively weighing down the components (the coatings are normally of reduced thickness and, in particular, have a thickness between 1 mm and 5 mm and typically less to 3 mm, and have a reduced density of the polymer used, of the order for example of about 1g / cm <3> in the case of polyethylene) and gives the components themselves a high resistance and a reduced degree of wear in the case, for example by reciprocal sliding between different components or by the action of suspended materials or abrasive solids.
Inoltre, il rivestimento contribuisce a rendere i componenti in materiale composito atti all’impiego anche nell’industria alimentare, nell’industria aeronautica, nell’industria farmaceutica e nella ingegneria biomedica. Infatti le poliolefine possono essere certificate compatibili con gli alimenti, come ad esempio il polietilene PPA 571®; mentre per ottenere la biocompatibilità à ̈ possibile invece applicare sul rivestimento un ulteriore strato di polimero termofusibile, ad esempio polietilene certificato come bioimpiantabile. Furthermore, the coating contributes to making the components in composite material suitable for use also in the food industry, in the aeronautical industry, in the pharmaceutical industry and in biomedical engineering. In fact, polyolefins can be certified as compatible with food, such as polyethylene PPA 571®; while to obtain biocompatibility it is possible to apply a further layer of thermofusible polymer to the coating, for example polyethylene certified as bio-implantable.
Un ulteriore vantaggio risiede nella possibilità di rinnovare l’applicazione del rivestimento a seguito di danneggiamento. Ed inoltre, in applicazioni in cui sia richiesta una elevata precisione dimensionale come ad esempio nel caso degli steli di cilindri oleodinamici, il rivestimento sopra descritto à ̈ facilmente lavorabile con macchine utensili consentendo di ottenere buone finiture superficiali. A further advantage lies in the possibility of renewing the application of the coating following damage. Furthermore, in applications where high dimensional accuracy is required, such as for example in the case of the rods of hydraulic cylinders, the coating described above can be easily worked with machine tools, allowing good surface finishes to be obtained.
Inoltre, oltre alla longevità , alla azione antiusura e alla resistenza chimica (ad esempio ai solventi ed al pH), il detto rivestimento può conferire ai componenti in materiale composito a matrice termoindurente anche diverse funzionalità interessanti. Come esempi non limitativi si citano la capacità antibatterica e, per applicazioni particolari, fotoluminescenza, colorazione, opacità oppure trasparenza. Furthermore, in addition to longevity, anti-wear action and chemical resistance (for example to solvents and pH), the said coating can also give the components in composite material with a thermosetting matrix various interesting functions. Non-limiting examples include antibacterial capacity and, for particular applications, photoluminescence, coloring, opacity or transparency.
Inoltre, il rivestimento per componenti in materiale composito à ̈ versatile, semplice ed economico da produrre e, al contempo, il metodo di applicazione del rivestimento stesso ai componenti realizzati in materiale composito à ̈ di facile ed economica implementazione. Furthermore, the coating for composite material components is versatile, simple and economical to produce and, at the same time, the method of applying the coating itself to components made of composite material is easy and economical to implement.
Infine, usando il rivestimento termofusibile come interfaccia attiva per brasare materiali diversi à ̈ possibile combinare le peculiari caratteristiche del materiale composito, in particolare l'ottimo rapporto fra resistenza meccanica e leggerezza, con quelle tipiche di altri materiali (come ad esempio la capacità di isolamento termico etc). In molti casi tale interfaccia attiva consente una capacità di adesione superiore a qualsiasi collante noto, anche nel caso di collegamento di componenti massivi. Finally, using the hot-melt coating as an active interface for brazing different materials, it is possible to combine the peculiar characteristics of the composite material, in particular the excellent relationship between mechanical resistance and lightness, with those typical of other materials (such as the insulation capacity thermal etc). In many cases this active interface allows an adhesion capacity superior to any known glue, even in the case of connection of massive components.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| IT000051A ITBO20130051A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | COMPONENT IN COMPOSITE THERMO-HARDENING MATERIAL PROVIDED WITH A COATING MADE OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER, USE OF THESE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER FOR COATING AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE COATING TO THESE COMPONENTS |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| IT000051A ITBO20130051A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | COMPONENT IN COMPOSITE THERMO-HARDENING MATERIAL PROVIDED WITH A COATING MADE OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER, USE OF THESE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER FOR COATING AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE COATING TO THESE COMPONENTS |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5074770A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-12-24 | Intellex Corporation | Integrated vacuum forming/reaction injection molding apparatus for manufacturing a shaped polymeric laminate article |
| DE102011122233A1 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-17 | Technische Universität München | Thermoplastic multi-material film |
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2013
- 2013-02-05 IT IT000051A patent/ITBO20130051A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5074770A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-12-24 | Intellex Corporation | Integrated vacuum forming/reaction injection molding apparatus for manufacturing a shaped polymeric laminate article |
| DE102011122233A1 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-17 | Technische Universität München | Thermoplastic multi-material film |
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