IT202100029051A1 - VISUAL TRAINING FOR ATHLETES - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

attached to a patent application for INDUSTRIAL INVENTION PATENT with title:

?VISUAL TRAINING FOR ATHLETES?

FIELD OF THE FOUND

The present invention relates to a method, and related instruments, for improving visual acuity in athletes. In particular, this method can be performed in a sporting context, in which the speed? of reaction of the athlete and the speed? to acquire and process images are parameters that can influence the athlete's performance in a specific sporting discipline.

STATE OF ART

Methods aimed at improving the visual acuity of athletes involved in various disciplines are known in the sports medicine sector. These methods are standardized and known under the acronym of SVTA (Science Vision Training Academy), including procedures originally used on patients suffering from neurodiversity. (for example DSA, ADHD, dyspraxia, autism) and subsequently applied in the sports field on athletes. Research in neuroscience has highlighted that by acting on the caudal nucleus, which is one of the most important thalamic nuclei, important that governs the visual discrimination between salient inputs and distractors, the abilities are improved? visual. In particular, active vision, concentration, sustained and selective attention, and proprioception are improved.

However, as previously mentioned, the methods used to date are standardized and substantially identical for each sporting discipline. The Applicant points out that each sport requires training different vision parameters: for example, a shooter will have? the necessity? to improve stability? visual and proprioception, in order to locate the target, stabilize the eye movement, and proceed to fire the shot. On the contrary, a tennis player needs to excel in different areas of vision than a shooter: in particular, a tennis player needs broad and accurate peripheral vision, as well as the capacity? to isolate the vision of the ball from any distracting element.

In other words, the Applicant points out that the methods in use today are not sufficiently customized according to the athletic gesture required by the sporting discipline practiced. The methods described in the present patent application and the related instruments used therefore aim to fill the deficits of the present methods of visual improvement in healthy people, in particular in athletes.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the present invention? therefore that of resolving at least one of the drawbacks and/or limitations of the previous solutions.

A first purpose? is to improve specific areas of capacity? visual in athletes depending on the athletic gesture required.

An additional purpose? that of defining a training protocol for specific areas of vision including associated techniques and tools for improving an athlete's sporting performance.

An additional purpose? that of identifying the areas of vision that need to be improved to obtain significant improvements in the sporting discipline practiced. An additional purpose? that of improving an athlete's sporting performance in a short time, focusing only on specific areas of vision.

These purposes and others, which will appear more clearly from the following description, are substantially achieved by a method and a plurality of of tools, for example panels to display, in accordance with one or more? of the joint claims and/or of the following aspects.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the invention are described below.

In a 1? I wait ? Is there a method of visual enhancement for activities? sport in a subject, in particular a healthy subject in terms of ability? visual, for example an athlete, said method including at least the following phases:

- identify the sporting discipline for which you wish to obtain visual enhancement;

- evaluate in the subject at least one anamnesis parameter including at least one of:

or at least a value representative of the subject's static visual acuity;

or at least a value representative of a sensitivity? visual to the contrast of the subject;

or at least a value representative of a motility? subject's eyepiece; or at least a value deriving from an eidomorphometry examination to evaluate the subject's spatial perception of objects; o an estimate of ocular dominance, in particular sensory and motor ocular dominance;

or at least a representative value of the subject's stereopsis;

- exclude the subject's ocular pathologies on the basis of said at least one anamnesis parameter;

- define a visual training procedure for the subject, called visual training procedure, including at least the following phases:

or a sensitivity training phase? to the contrast of the subject, called sensitivity training? to the contrast including the phases of:

? display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale,

said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target,

? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern;

or a central fixation training phase, distinct and additional to the sensitivity training phase? to contrast, including the phases of:

? display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale,

said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target,

? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern;

? a biofeedback phase, called biofeedback phase including a phase of emitting a sound signal of intensity? and/or variable frequency as a function of a degree of ocular fixation maintained on said central target by the subject to provide the subject with feedback regarding the degree of ocular fixation maintained on said target.

In a 2? I wait ? Is there a method of visual enhancement for activities? sport in a subject, in particular a healthy subject in terms of ability? visual, for example an athlete, said method including at least the following phases:

- identify the sporting discipline for which you wish to obtain visual enhancement;

- evaluate in the subject at least one anamnesis parameter including at least one of:

or at least a value representative of the subject's static visual acuity;

or at least a value representative of a sensitivity? visual to the contrast of the subject;

or at least a value representative of a motility? subject's eyepiece;

or at least a value deriving from an eidomorphometry examination to evaluate the subject's spatial perception of objects;

o an estimate of ocular dominance, in particular sensory and motor ocular dominance;

or at least a representative value of the subject's stereopsis;

- exclude the subject's ocular pathologies on the basis of said at least one anamnesis parameter;

- define a visual training procedure for the subject, said visual training procedure including at least one of the following phases:

or a sensitivity training phase? to the contrast of the subject, called sensitivity training? to the contrast including the phases of:

? display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale,

said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target,

? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern;

and

or a central fixation training phase, distinct and additional to the sensitivity training phase? to contrast, including the phases of:

? display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale,

said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target,

? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern;

? a biofeedback phase, called biofeedback phase including a phase of emitting a sound signal of intensity? and/or variable frequency as a function of a degree of ocular fixation maintained on said central target by the subject to provide the subject with feedback regarding the degree of ocular fixation maintained on said target.

In a 3? I wait ? Is there a method of visual enhancement for activities? sport in a subject, in particular a healthy subject in terms of ability? visual, for example an athlete, said method including at least the following phases:

- identify the sporting discipline for which you wish to obtain visual enhancement;

- evaluate in the subject at least one anamnesis parameter including at least one of:

or at least a value representative of the subject's static visual acuity;

or at least a value representative of a sensitivity? visual to the contrast of the subject;

or at least a value representative of a motility? subject's eyepiece; or at least a value deriving from an eidomorphometry examination to evaluate the subject's spatial perception of objects;

o an estimate of ocular dominance, in particular sensory and motor ocular dominance;

or at least a representative value of the subject's stereopsis;

- exclude the subject's ocular pathologies on the basis of said at least one anamnesis parameter;

- define a visual training procedure for the subject, said visual training procedure including at least the following phase:

or a central fixation training phase, distinct and additional to the sensitivity training phase? to contrast, including the phases of:

? display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale,

said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target,

? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern;

? a biofeedback phase, called biofeedback phase including a phase of emitting a sound signal of intensity? and/or variable frequency as a function of a degree of ocular fixation maintained on said central target by the subject to provide the subject with feedback regarding the degree of ocular fixation maintained on said target.

In a 4? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, during central fixation training, if the subject deviates his ocular fixation from said central target, in particular the sound signal varies in intensity? and/or frequency to provide the subject with feedback.

In a 5? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, said signal decreases in intensity? and/or frequency as a deviation of the subject's ocular fixation from said central target increases.

In a 6? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the biofeedback phase includes a preparation phase that includes placing one or more? electrodes on the subject's head to detect one or more? electrical signals during the central fixation training phase, in particular said central fixation training determining a stimulation substantially at 45? of the subject's peripheral visual field.

In a 7? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the training phase of central fixation using biofeedback can? have a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In an 8? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, said visual training procedure includes an oculomotor training phase comprising at least the following phases of:

- display a graphic pattern comprising a graphic panel comprising numerical symbols and/or letters and/or two or more? colors that are different from each other, or light stimuli, for example spot lights, different from each other in color and spatial position;

- the reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or light stimuli, of the graphic pattern,

- optionally the recitation of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or the colors of said light stimuli,

- the repetitive execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture, in particular relating to the identified sporting discipline, simultaneously with the previous phases of reading and/or recognition and optionally of recitation of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or of said colors of light stimuli. In a 9? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the graphic panel of the oculomotor training phase includes a table divided into rows and columns to define boxes, in which at least some of said boxes include:

- a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, in particular a colour, ed

- a wording written on said background, said wording being significant in a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of said respective background.

In a 10? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the boxes are alternated by color, in particular in which a table box presenting a background of a first color borders on table boxes having backgrounds of a color different from said first color.

In an 11? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 8, said oculomotor training phase includes the recitation by the subject:

- the background color of each box, for example consecutively for each row or column of the table, and/or

- the wording written in each box, for example consecutively for each row of the table.

In a 12? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, said visual training procedure includes a training phase of the subject's peripheral vision.

In a 13? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, said peripheral vision training phase includes at least the following phases:

- display a graphic pattern for peripheral vision including a substantially fixed central target, and a plurality? of graphic symbols, optionally letters and/or numbers, arranged radially away from said central target,

- the reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of at least part of said plurality? of graphic pattern symbols for peripheral vision;

- the subject's maintenance of fixation on said central target of the graphic pattern for peripheral vision during a visual training session.

In a 14? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, a session of said peripheral vision training has a duration, in particular continuously and without pauses, between 10 min and 20 min, in particular substantially equal to 12 min.

In a 15? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, the training of peripheral vision includes the reading and/or recognition in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, by the subject, of at least part of said plurality? of graphic pattern graphics symbols for peripheral vision.

In a 16? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, said graphic pattern of peripheral vision training includes:

- the central target is essentially fixed;

- plurality? of graphic symbols, optionally letters and/or numbers, arranged radially away from said central target,

and in which:

or a part of said plurality? of graphic symbols? arranged along a horizontal axis;

or a part of said plurality? of graphic symbols? arranged along a vertical axis orthogonal to said horizontal axis;

or a part of said plurality? of graphic symbols? arranged along at least one oblique axis angularly interposed between said vertical axis and said horizontal axis, in particular in which said graphic pattern includes a first oblique axis and a second oblique axis orthogonal to each other and angularly equidistant from the vertical axis and from the horizontal axis ;

or

or called plurality? of graphic symbols? arranged along a spiral trajectory or along one or more? circular trajectories of progressively larger radius. In a 17? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, called plurality? of graphic symbols of the peripheral vision training graphic pattern? portrayed in at least one first and second color, in particular red and green. In an 18? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the training of peripheral vision includes the selective reading, by the subject, of only the symbols portrayed in the first color or in the second color, or the selective reading, by the subject, of only the symbols portrayed in the first color and subsequently only the symbols portrayed in the second color.

In a 19? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, called plurality? of graphic symbols includes letters and numbers,

optionally said letters being portrayed in at least one first and a second colour, in particular red and green, and said numbers being portrayed in said first and second colours, particularly red and green.

In a 20? aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects from 17, the visual training procedure includes wearing, by the subject, anaglyphic glasses having a first lens and a second lens, and in which:

- the first lens includes a filter for the first color, optionally a filter for the red color,

- the second lens includes a filter for the second color, optionally a filter for the green color,

the visual training procedure comprising the binocular reading and/or recognition phase, in particular using both eyes simultaneously by the subject, of the graphic symbols selectively of the first color or of the graphic symbols of the second color, or of the graphic symbols of the first color before and after the graphic symbols of the second color. In a 20? second aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the filter for the first color allows the passage of only the light frequencies associated with the first color, while the filter for the second color allows the passage of only the light frequencies associated with the second color.

In a 21? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, called the graphic pattern of peripheral vision training? positioned at a distance from the subject of between 25 and 50 cm, in particular between 30 and 40 cm, in particular said distance being equal to 33 cm.

In a 22? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, said training of peripheral vision includes a phase of verification of the time taken by the subject to read and/or recognize said plurality? of graphic symbols, in particular to estimate a rate of symbols read or recognized over a period of time, for example a rate of symbols per minute.

In a 23? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, said peripheral vision training includes a phase of verifying the correctness of said plurality? of graphic symbols read and/or recognized by the subject.

In a 24? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, said subject visual training procedure includes two or more? peripheral vision training sessions.

In a 25? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, each session of said peripheral vision training defines at least one value representative of the time taken by the subject and/or the correctness of the reading to complete the graphic pattern of peripheral vision, said peripheral vision training including a phase of comparing the representative value of the last session with a representative value of a previous session.

In a 26? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, the peripheral vision training phase includes the execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture, in particular relating to the identified sporting discipline, simultaneously with the fixation and reading phase and/or recognition of plurality? of graphic pattern graphics symbols for peripheral vision.

In a 27? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 12, peripheral vision training includes microperimetry examination sessions.

In a 28? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, this microperimetry examination includes the phases of:

- display of the central target,

- alternating switching on and off of luminous points located radially around said central target, in particular at different distances from the central target and at variable angles with respect to a horizontal axis;

and wherein said peripheral vision training phase includes: - maintaining fixation on said central target;

- the subject's perception of the lit point of light;

- demonstrate, on the part of the subject, said perception of the light point, for example by pressing a button.

In a 29? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, called bright point? variable in intensity? during this peripheral vision training phase. In a 30? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the subject's visual training procedure includes visuoperceptive training comprising the visualization, in particular on a panel or monitor, of a graphic pattern comprising:

- a central target; and

- at least three graphic symbols, in particular letters, spaced from said central target and optionally having at least two dimensions different from each other,

said visuo-perceptive training by displaying a new trio of graphic symbols at pre-established time intervals, in which each trio of graphic symbols is arranged along a horizontal axis to the left and/or right of the central target,

optionally wherein said graphic symbols are separated from each other by a distance varying over time, and wherein said graphic symbols have a size varying over time,

and in which said visual-perceptive training phase includes:

- the reading and/or recognition by the subject of said trio of graphic symbols, ed

- maintaining ocular fixation on said central target of the graphic pattern during a visual training session.

In a 31? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, does the visual training procedure include motility training? eye. In a 32? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, called motility training? eyepiece includes the display, in particular on a panel or monitor, of a graphic pattern comprising a trajectory in the shape of an infinity symbol ??? and/or in the shape of an ?8?.

In a 33? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the shape of the infinity symbol ??? ? superimposed on the ?8? shape to define a cloverleaf trajectory. In a 34? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 31, called the graphic pattern of motility training? ocular includes a plurality? of letters and/or numbers arranged along said trajectory.

In a 35? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 31, called the motility training phase? ocular includes the consecutive reading and/or recognition by the subject of said plurality? of letters and/or numbers along said trajectory.

In a 36? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the graphic pattern displayed during the sensitivity training phase? to contrast and/or during the central fixation training phase does it include a checkerboard pattern or vertical bars having distinct black and white portions or in different shades? grayscale alternating between them.

In a 37? appearance in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the color or shade? of gray scale of said distinct portions are variable over time at a training frequency during sensitivity training? to contrast.

In a 37? bis aspect in accordance with any of the two previous aspects, the checkerboard or vertical bar pattern alternates over time the distinct black and white portions or of different shades? of gray scale in accordance with a training frequency, in particular in which light portions are replaced by lighter portions? dark and vice versa in accordance with a training frequency.

In a 38? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, called training frequency?:

- fixed during a training session, optionally between 6 Hz and 8 Hz, in particular equal to 7.50 Hz, or

- variable over time during a training session from 4 Hz and 8 Hz, or

- fixed during a first training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min, and variable over time during a second training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min , in particular equal to 10 min, consecutive to the first training session, in particular said training frequency being increasing,

In a 39? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, called distinct portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? in contrast they present a dimension, optionally in length or width, fixed or variable over time during a training session.

In a 40? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the graphic pattern of the displayed during the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast? divided into 2 or 4 sub-boxes.

In a 41? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the sensitivity training phase? in contrast it comprises a pattern of vertical bars, each of said vertical bars extending in length along a vertical axis and in width along a transverse axis orthogonal to said vertical axis, said length being greater than said width.

In a 42? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, called width? variable, from an operator or from a unit? control, during this sensitivity training phase? to the contrast or between a first and second sensitivity training session? to contrast.

In a 43? aspect in accordance with any of the two previous aspects, said vertical bars define a spatial frequency defined by the number of bars included in an angular degree of visual angle or by the number of bars included in a predefined dimension, for example 1 cm, along said axis transversal.

In a 44? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, said graphic pattern table for oculomotor training includes:

- a first row including boxes, each box including:

or a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, in particular a colour, ed

or a wording written on said background, said wording being significant of a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of said respective background.

In a 45? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, each row of the said table for oculomotor training includes boxes having a plurality? of chromatic characteristics.

In a 46? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 44, said graphic pattern table for oculomotor training includes:

- said first line;

- a second row similar to the first row and in which the chromatic characteristics of the second row are out of phase by columns compared to the first row;

- a third line, placed between the first and second lines, in which each box portrays a numerical symbol or a letter of the alphabet or an arrow with a random direction.

In a 47? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the sensitivity training phase? contrast and the central fixation training phase are consecutive to each other.

In a 48? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the central fixation training phase? temporally consecutive to the sensitivity training phase? to contrast.

In a 49? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast of the subject has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 50? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the training phase of central fixation using biofeedback has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 51? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the visual enhancement method for activities? sport of the subject includes two or more? sessions of the visual training procedure.

In a 52? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the visual training procedure includes two or more? sessions, each session including the sensitivity training phase? contrast and the central fixation training phase.

In a 53? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast and the central fixation training phase are repeated consecutively more? times.

In a 54? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the method includes:

- a first session of the visual training procedure comprising between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 minutes, of sensitivity training? to the subject's contrast, and between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 min, of central fixation training;

- a second session, following said first session, of the visual training procedure comprising between 5 minutes and 15 minutes, in particular 10 minutes, of sensitivity training? to the subject's contrast, and between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 min, of central fixation training.

In a 55? In accordance with the previous aspect, the first and second sessions are performed iteratively.

In a 56? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, an oculomotor training session has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 57? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, a visuo-perceptual training session has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 58? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, a peripheral vision training session using microperimetry examination has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 59? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, a motility training session? ocular has a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

In a 60? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the vertical bar graph pattern for sensitivity training? to contrast and/or for central fixation training? displayed on a screen, said graphic pattern comprising between 4 and 50 vertical bars, in particular between 10 and 40 vertical bars, in particular where the number of bars displayed on the screen defines the spatial frequency of the graphic pattern.

In a 61? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the vertical bar graph pattern for sensitivity training? for contrast and/or for central fixation training includes:

- black and white vertical bars alternating with each other; or

- light and dark grayscale vertical bars alternating with each other, where the light vertical bars have a shade? of grayscale more? clear of a respective shade? grayscale pattern of dark vertical bars.

In a 62? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the checkerboard graphic pattern, said checkerboard including:

- a number of lines between 3 and 40, in particular between 6 and 30;

- a number of columns between 3 and 40, in particular between 6 and 30;

in particular where the number of rows and/or columns?:

- fixed during a sensitivity training session? to contrast and/or during a central fixation training session;

- variable as time progresses during the session, in particular the number of rows and/or columns increasing as time progresses during the training session.

In a 63? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the central target has a color between red, green and blue or any combination thereof, in particular where the color of the central target is ? different from white, black and grey.

In a 64? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the graphic pattern for any of the sensitivity training? to the contrast, of fixation, of peripheral vision, visuo-motor, visuo-perceptive, of motility? eyepiece? displayed on a screen, in which a unit? control ? configured to vary said graphic pattern over time in accordance with the relevant training.

In a 65? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the intensity? and/or the frequency of the sound signal emitted during the biofeedback phase decreases as the deviation of the ocular fixation from the central target increases. In a 66? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the sensitivity training phase? contrasting the subject does not include the biofeedback phase.

In a 67? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, to the subject ? required to maintain ocular fixation on the central target during peripheral vision training and/or during central fixation training and/or during sensitivity training to contrast and/or during visual-perceptive training.

In a 68? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the oculomotor training phase includes the phases of:

- display a graphic pattern including two or more? spot lights, in particular 4 spot lights, different from each other in color and spatial position, said spot lights being placed in front of the subject;

- turn on a first spot light, particularly where said spot lights are switched on one at a time, particularly where there are not two or more? spot lights turned on at the same time;

- recognize and touch, by the subject, said first spot light turned on; - detect, during a predetermined time interval and using a touch sensor applied to the first spot light, any touch made by the subject on the first spot light turned on;

- if said time interval? finished or if? having detected the touch of the subject on said first spot light, turn off said first spot light and turn on a second spot light distinct from said first spot light,

- detect, during the predetermined time interval and by means of a touch sensor applied to the second spot light, any touch made by the subject on the second turned-on spot light;

- perform, by the subject, an athletic gesture, in particular relevant to the identified sporting discipline, simultaneously with the phases of recognizing and touching the spot light on,

- optionally iteratively repeat the previous phases, in which the spot lights are switched on and off alternately.

In a 69? aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, said phases of turning on and off the spot lights and detecting a touch of the subject using a touch sensor are performed by a unit? control.

In a 70? aspect in accordance with any of the two previous aspects, the spot lights are separated from each other by at least a distance of between 10 cm and 3 meters, in particular between 30 cm and 2 meters, in particular between 50 cm and 1.5 meters .

In a 71? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the spot lights are arranged at the vertices of a virtual polygon, for example a square or a rectangle, said polygon defining an area between 0.25 m<2 > and 8 m< 2>, in particular between 1 m<2 >and 4 m<2>.

In a 72? appearance in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the spot lights have different colors.

In a 73? aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects from 68, called time interval ? between 0.2 and 3.5 seconds, in particular between 0.5 and 1 second.

In a 73? bis aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the graphic pattern of the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast? substantially the same as the graphic pattern of the central fixation training phase.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments and some aspects of the invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings, provided for indicative and therefore non-limiting purposes only in which:

- Figures 1 to 11 each show a graphic pattern for oculomotor training in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figure 12 shows a graphic pattern for oculomotor training and/or for peripheral vision training in accordance with the present invention; - Figure 13 shows a graphic pattern for motility training? eyepiece in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figure 14 shows a graphic pattern for peripheral vision training in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figures 15A, 15B, 16A, 16B, 17A and 17B each show a vertical bar graph pattern for sensitivity training. to contrast and/or for central fixation training in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figures 18A and 18B each show a checkerboard graphic pattern for sensitivity training. to contrast and/or for central fixation training in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figure 19 shows a graphic pattern for visual-perceptive training including a central target and a trio of letters.

DEFINITIONS AND CONVENTIONS

Note that in this detailed description corresponding parts illustrated in the various figures are indicated with the same numerical references. The figures could illustrate the object of the invention through non-scale representations; therefore, parts and components illustrated in the figures relating to the object of the invention could exclusively concern schematic representations.

Unit? control

The unit? control can? be a single unit? or be formed by a plurality? of distinct units? of control depending on the design choices and operational needs.

With the term unit? control ? understood as an electronic component which can? include at least one of: a digital processor (CPU), an analog circuit, or a combination of one or more? digital processors with one or more? analog circuits. The unit? control can? be "configured" or "programmed" to perform certain phases: there? can? be achieved in practice by any means that allows the unit to be configured or programmed? control. For example, in the case of a?unit? control system comprising one or more? CPU and one or more? memories, one or more? programs can be stored in appropriate memory banks connected to the CPU or CPUs; Does the program or programs contain instructions that, when executed by the CPU(s), program or configure the unit? control to perform the operations described in relation to the unit? control. Alternatively, if the unit? control ? or includes analog circuitry, then the unit's circuitry? control can? be designed to include circuitry configured, in use, to process electrical signals to perform the steps related to the unit? control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Method

This method of visual enhancement is ? preferably directed at healthy subjects in terms of ability? visual: the subjects can, for example, be athletes of one or more? sports disciplines, including football, basketball, shooting, tennis, motorsport, volleyball, etc. This method in particular? aimed at further improving the capacity? vision of a healthy subject, for example to improve visual acuity beyond the canonical ten tenths: an increase in capacity? visual in an athlete can? in fact contribute substantially to the improvement of sporting results.

This method involves identifying the sporting discipline for which you wish to obtain visual enhancement: can the sporting discipline? be tennis, football, archery, shooting, basketball, paddle volleyball etc. The visual training phases may be based on the type of sporting discipline practiced by the subject.

The method can plan to evaluate in the subject at least one anamnesis parameter representative of the ability? view of the subject. The anamnesis parameter can? include a value representative of a static visual acuity of the subject, at least a value representative of a sensitivity? visual to the contrast of the subject, at least one value representative of a motility? ocular of the subject, at least one value deriving from an eidomorphometry examination to evaluate the subject's spatial perception of objects, an estimate of ocular dominance, in particular of sensory and motor ocular dominance, and at least one value representative of the subject's stereopsis.

Visual acuity defines the accuracy of the subject's vision based on the ability to identify letters or numbers in a standardized optotype chart: visual acuity can be measured in tenths, as per the knowledge of the person skilled in the art. Visual acuity? a static measurement, the subject being seated and the letters or numbers fixed on an illuminated blackboard. Visual acuity? Tested under high contrast conditions, usually with black letters or numbers on a white background: as a result, visual acuity does not predict quality. of vision in all brightness situations? or in conditions of movement.

In this regard, the present method can include a sensitivity test? visual to the contrast of the subject, in which the sensitivity? visual contrast? defined as the capacity? of the subject to identify the various shades? of the same color. A high sensitivity? to the contrast can? be necessary in some sports, for example in archery, target or clay pigeon shooting, or in fast sports such as tennis. Furthermore, a high sensitivity? the contrast is very useful in poorly lit contexts, for example during twilight vision. The Applicant points out that the sensitivity? Does the contrast affect spatial vision as a whole and depth perception? of field.

Motility? eyepiece of the subject instead represents the ability? of the subject to move the eyeball up, down, right, left and in intermediate positions. Motility? eyepiece? a complex process given by the action of six extra ocular muscles, in particular four rectus muscles (medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus), and two oblique muscles (greater oblique and lesser oblique). A pathological case of motility? eyepiece can? define a condition of strabismus, in which the patient's eyes move asynchronously to each other, consequently causing a worsening of vision. On the contrary, a perfect synchronization of the two eyes, as well as? a rapid reflex in the ocular muscles to determine the necessary movements, can? determine a visual improvement, especially evident in sports where small visual differences can contribute to obtaining significant improvements or worsening in the sporting discipline.

The term eidomorphometry refers to the capacity of the subject to perceive the spatial relationships of an element in space and to quantify the degree of anisotropy, for example vertical or horizontal anisotropy. An increase in the horizontal threshold associated or not with an increase in vertical anisotropy? an important indication of visual perceptual impairment. Referring to a specific example, a circle can? be seen by a subject with vertical or horizontal anisotropy as an ellipse.

Can ocular dominance? be defined as the tendency, on the part of the cerebral cortex, to prefer the visual information received from the dominant eye, compared to the non-dominant eye.

Stereopsis, on the other hand, can be defined as the capacity? visual ability to perceive depth? of space through binocular mechanisms, i.e. in the condition in which information from both eyes is used. In particular the vision of depth? ? mediated by many cues, both visual and oculomotor: some visual cues can be monocular, such as the superposition of images, occlusion, perspective, variations in contrast and size and parallax induced by movement. However, stereopsis allows, through binocular vision, to perceive a three-dimensional object in its depth? space with an?acuity? much greater than that possible with monocular vision alone.

Furthermore, this method can include carrying out at least one anamnestic examination including DEM TEST, NSUCO, VEP, reaction times, fixation analysis, accommodation and measurement of vergence, chromatic sense, glare recovery, and visuo-postural tests. The meaning of these tests, the procedure for their execution and the analysis of the results are known to the person skilled in the art.

This method of visual enhancement can? furthermore include a phase of excluding the subject's ocular pathologies on the basis of the anamnesis parameter resulting from the previously described tests. In other words, these tests can determine whether a subject is healthy or not in terms of ability? visual.

The present method further includes a visual training procedure designed to increase the ability view of the subject. Note that the capacity visual of the subject is not? to be understood as limiting the mechanical and optical characteristics of the eyeball, but also in terms of speed? of processing, by the subject's brain portion, of the images captured by the subject's eyes. In other words, if we consider the eyeball as an optical sensor and the brain as a unit? control, the visual training procedure can? determine a speeding up of the processing of images, captured by the optical sensor, by the unit? control. In greater detail, the visual training procedure of the present method aims both to provide the brain with better quality images and to speed up their processing. Also note that a larger image defined, itself allows greater speed? of processing by the subject's brain, resulting in a synergistic improvement effect.

In particular, the visual training procedure includes a sensitivity training phase. to the contrast of the subject. Sensitivity training? in contrast it includes at least the phases of:

the). display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern 1 comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? of gray scale, in which this graphic pattern includes a substantially fixed central target 10,

ii). show graphic pattern 1 for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject;

iii). maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target 10 while viewing said graphic pattern.

Sensitivity training? to the contrast of the subject can? be performed using a relevant device comprising a screen and a unit? control configured to show the central target 10 and the graphic pattern varying over time on the screen.

Graphic pattern 1, as shown in figures 18A and 18B, can? understand a black and white chessboard or two or more? different gray scales to define light and dark portions, and in which the light and dark portions are periodically alternated with each other at a predetermined training frequency. Alternatively, graphic pattern 1, as shown in Figures 15A through 17B, can include vertical bars alternating between them in black and white or in two or more? different gray scales, such that a single light bar is placed between two dark bars, and in which the light and dark portions are periodically alternated with each other at a predetermined training frequency. In other words, the light and dark portions or the light and dark bars reverse each other at the training frequency.

Training frequency can? be fixed during a training session, for example between 6 Hz and 8 Hz, in particular equal to 7.50 Hz, or variable over time during a training session from 4 Hz and 8 Hz. Figures 15B, 16B, 17B and 18B portray the graphic pattern at a later time instant than a time instant portrayed in the respective figures 15A, 16A, 17A and 18A. Alternatively, the training frequency can be fixed during a first training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min, and variable over time during a second training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min , in particular equal to 10 min, consecutive to the first training session: in particular in this case the training frequency? increasing as time progresses.

Graphic pattern 1 for sensitivity training? to contrast, be it defined by a checkerboard or vertical bars,? defined by a size of the light and dark portions: for example, in the case of the chessboard, the squares of the chessboard can have a variable size that can be set by an operator, to define a spatial frequency: this spatial frequency can? be defined by the number of squares per unit? of pattern length. Similarly, in the case of vertical bars, each of said vertical bars extends in length along a vertical axis and in width along a transverse axis orthogonal to said vertical axis, wherein said length is ? greater than this width: the width of the bars can? be variable and settable by an operator during the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast or between a first and second sensitivity training session? to contrast. In particular, the width of the vertical bars defines a spatial frequency defined by the number of bars included in an angular degree of visual angle or by the number of bars included in a predefined dimension, for example 1 cm, along the transversal axis.

During sensitivity training? to the contrast, to the subject? required to observe the screen and maintain ocular fixation on the central target 10: the alternation of light and dark portions on the screen at the training frequency allows the subject to improve sensitivity? to contrast. During sensitivity training? in contrast, the subject is still, for example sitting, to maintain ocular fixation. The operator can vary the training frequency, for example by speeding up or slowing down the alternation of the light and dark portions, and vary the spatial frequency, increasing or reducing the size of the squares of the board or the width of the vertical bars.

In one embodiment, the graphic pattern can? be divided into sub-panes, for example into two or four sub-panes, where each panel displays a checkerboard or series of vertical bars.

The present visual training procedure further includes a central fixation training phase, distinct and additional to the sensitivity training phase. to contrast. The central fixation training phase includes the previously described phases i), ii) and iii) relating to sensitivity training. to the contrast, and a biofeedback phase including a phase of emitting a sound signal of intensity? and/or variable frequency depending on the degree of ocular fixation maintained on the central target 10 by the subject. Such biofeedback phases? aimed at providing the subject with feedback regarding the degree of ocular fixation that he is maintaining on the central target 10.

In other words, the central fixation training phase includes the phases of: i). display, in particular on a monitor, a graphic pattern 1 comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and variable over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consists of black and white portions and/or in different shades? of gray scale, in which this graphic pattern includes a substantially fixed central target 10,

ii). show graphic pattern 1 for training the subject's central fixation;

iii). maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target 10 while viewing said graphic pattern;

iv). emit a loud sound signal? and/or variable frequency depending on a degree of ocular fixation maintained on the central target by the subject to define the biofeedback phase.

During central fixation training, if the subject deviates his or her eye fixation from the central target 10, the sound signal varies in intensity. and/or frequency to provide the subject with feedback: in particular the sound signal can? reduce your intensity? and/or frequency as a deviation of the subject's central fixation increases with respect to the central target.

Note that the graphic pattern of the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast can? be substantially the same as the graphic pattern of the central fixation training phase: in particular the graphic patterns of the sensitivity training phase? to contrast and sensitivity? central fixation can both include the checkerboard and/or vertical bars previously described.

The biofeedback phase also includes a preparation phase which includes placing one or more electrodes on the subject's head to detect one or more? bioelectric signals during the central fixation training phase: the intensity? and/or the frequency of the sound signal? variable depending on these bioelectric signals.

Note that the biofeedback technique, understood as the emission of a signal, sound and/or light, depending on the degree of fixation maintained by the subject? note to the person skilled in the art. However, this invention involves the sequential combination of the biofeedback phase, performed with a fixed central target and variable background in contrast to the training frequency, with the sensitivity training phase. to the contrast of the subject.

The sensitivity training phase? to the subject's contrast and the central fixation training phase are consecutive to each other: in particular, the subject's visual training procedure involves carrying out the sensitivity training phase first? to the contrast and subsequently the central fixation training phase or vice versa. Preferably the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast of the subject can? have a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min. Preferably the training phase of central fixation using biofeedback can? have a duration between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

This method of visual enhancement for activities? sport of the subject includes two or more? sessions of the visual training procedure described previously: the present visual training procedure therefore includes two or more sessions in which the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast and the central fixation training phase are repeated consecutively more? times. In particular, this method can comprehend:

- a first session of the visual training procedure comprising between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 minutes, of sensitivity training? to the subject's contrast, and between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 min, of central fixation training;

- a second session, following said first session, of the visual training procedure comprising between 5 minutes and 15 minutes, in particular 10 minutes, of sensitivity training? to the subject's contrast, and between 5 min and 15 min, in particular 10 min, of central fixation training.

Can this first and second session also be? performed with each other in an iterative manner, to define a method including a plurality? of visual training sessions.

This visual training procedure can include a training phase of the subject's peripheral vision comprising at least the following phases:

- display a graphic pattern for peripheral vision comprising a substantially fixed central target 20, and a plurality? of graphic symbols, optionally letters and/or numbers, arranged radially away from the central target,

- the reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of at least part of said plurality? of graphic pattern symbols for peripheral vision;

- the subject's maintenance of fixation on said central target 20 of the graphic pattern for peripheral vision during a visual training session.

The graphic pattern 2 and the related central target 20 are shown, according to an embodiment, in figure 14.

In particular the reading phase? simultaneous with the fixation maintenance phase: in other words to the subject? required to read and/or recognize at least part of said plurality? of graphic symbols of the graphic pattern for peripheral vision, while simultaneously maintaining ocular fixation on the central target 20.

In particular the plurality? of graphic symbols, for example letters and/or numbers, are arranged radially away from the central target 20, in which a part of the graphic symbols is arranged along a horizontal axis, and another part of the graphic symbols is arranged along a vertical axis orthogonal to the horizontal axis. A further part of graphic symbols can be arranged along an oblique axis angularly interposed between the vertical axis and the horizontal axis: for example the pattern of peripheral vision can comprise a first oblique axis and a second oblique axis on which the graphic symbols are arranged: the first oblique axis and the second oblique axis can be orthogonal to each other and optionally angularly equidistant from the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. In the embodiment of figure 14, the graphic pattern of peripheral vision consists of a plurality? of letters and/or numbers arranged on a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, optionally additionally along oblique axes placed at 45? with respect to said vertical and horizontal axes.

Alternatively, plurality? of graphic symbols of peripheral vision pattern 2? arranged along a spiral trajectory or along one or more? circular trajectories of increasingly larger radius: this embodiment is not shown in the attached figures. Optionally, peripheral vision training can be done. understand the reading and/or recognition in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, by the subject, of at least part of said plurality? of graphic pattern 2 graphic symbols for peripheral vision. In one embodiment, the plurality? of graphic symbols of the peripheral vision training graphic pattern? portrayed in at least one first and second color, for example in red and green. Peripheral vision training can understand the selective reading, by the subject, of only the symbols portrayed in the first color or in the second color. In other words, an operator can ask the subject to read only the symbols of the first color, or only the symbols portrayed in the second color: furthermore, training peripheral vision can understand the selective reading by the subject first of only the symbols portrayed in the first color, and subsequently the reading of six symbols portrayed in the second color.

In particular the plurality? of graphic symbols can? comprising letters and numbers, wherein the letters are depicted in at least one first and second color, in particular red and green, while the numbers may be portrayed in the first and second color, in particular red and green. For example ? It is possible to portray the letters in green and the numbers in red, or vice versa: alternatively letters and numbers can be portrayed in the first and second colors in a random manner.

Can the visual training procedure comprising the step of wearing, by the subject, anaglyphic glasses having a first lens and a second lens, and wherein the first lens includes a filter for the first color, for example a filter for the red color, and the second lens includes a filter for the second color, for example a filter for the color green. The filter for the first color allows the passage only of the light frequencies associated with the first color, while the filter for the second color allows the passage only of the light frequencies associated with the second color: in other words if the first lens includes a filter for the color red, this lens will allow? the vision, to the eye relating to the first lens, of only the color red. Once the anaglyphic glasses are worn, this visual training procedure can understand the binocular reading and/or recognition phase, in particular by using both eyes simultaneously by the subject, of the graphic symbols selectively of the first color or of the graphic symbols of the second color: alternatively, the present visual training procedure can? understand the binocular reading and/or recognition phase, in particular by using both eyes simultaneously by the subject, of the graphic symbols selectively only of the first color and subsequently of only the graphic symbols of the second color.

The graphic pattern of peripheral vision training? preferably positioned at a distance from the subject of between 25 and 50 cm, in particular between 30 and 40 cm, in particular at a distance of 33 cm. Peripheral vision training can Furthermore, include a phase of verification of the time taken by the subject to read and/or recognize the plurality? of graphic symbols, for example to estimate a rate of symbols read or recognized in a time interval. For example, an operator can check how many symbols the subject can read correctly per minute: can this data? be used in subsequent sessions to verify an improvement in capacity? vision of the subject: for example, training peripheral vision can understand two or more? training sessions and a phase of verifying the correctness of the plurality? of graphic symbols read and/or recognized by the subject in the first and second sessions: the training of peripheral vision therefore includes a phase of comparing the results detected in the first and second sessions in terms of graphic symbols read and/or recognized by the subject . Peripheral vision training can include sessions of microperimetry exams: the microperimetry exam includes the visualization, by the subject, of the central target, the alternating switching on and off of luminous points located radially around the central target, the maintenance of fixation on said central target by part of the subject, and the perception, by the subject, of the lit point of light: the subject can? highlight to an operator that he has recognized the light point by, for example, pressing a button.

In particular, the luminous point can? light up at different distances from the central target and at variable angles with respect to a horizontal axis: in other words the luminous point can? light up on a circular area concentric with the central target. The bright spot can? turn on and off during the training phase of peripheral vision: for example the bright spot can? turn on in a first zone within this circular area, then turn off, and reappear in a second zone, distinct from the first zone, of the circular area. To the subject? required to maintain ocular fixation on the central target and simultaneously press the button every time he can perceive a light point turning on. The bright spot can? turn on at intensity? variable lights that can be set by an operator. A single session of peripheral vision training has a duration, in particular continuously and without pauses, of between 10 min and 20 min, in particular substantially equal to 12 min.

Optionally, the peripheral vision training phase includes the execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture relevant to the identified sports discipline simultaneously with the fixation and reading and/or recognition phase of the plurality? of graphic pattern graphics symbols for peripheral vision.

Can the visual training procedure include an oculomotor training phase including at least the phases of:

- display a graphic pattern 3 comprising a graphic panel comprising numerical symbols and/or letters and/or two or more? colors that are different from each other, or light stimuli that are different from each other in color and spatial position;

- the reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or light stimuli, of the graphic pattern,

- the recitation of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or the colors of said light stimuli,

- the repetitive execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture relating to the identified sporting discipline simultaneously with the previous phases of reading and/or recognition and recitation of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or of said colors of the light stimuli.

An example of graphic patterns for oculomotor training are shown in figures 1 to 12. The graphic panel of the oculomotor training phase can understand a table divided into rows and columns to define a plurality? of boxes as in figure 1 or 2. The boxes can include a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, for example a predetermined color, and a significant wording written on the background of a color different from the chromatic characteristic of the background. For example, as shown in figure 1, the table can? understand a plurality? of boxes with a colored background, each of which has a different color from an adjacent box, and in which the background is portrayed a wording that reads a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of the background: for example, if the background of the box is ? yellow, the wording can? recite the word ?RED?, or ?BLUE?, or ?GREEN?.

Each row of the table can contain three to ten boxes, in particular four or six boxes placed side by side. Each column can include three to ten boxes, in particular four or six boxes placed side by side. In one embodiment, the panel for oculomotor training can comprise at least one table row comprising white background boxes, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, where each row box includes one of a number, a letter, an arrow oriented in one or more direction, or a symbol. In this embodiment the white background line can be placed between a first line with a colored background and a second line with a colored background: note that the expression ?colored background? ? directed at a background of any color except white. In particular, a panel for oculomotor training can include at least three rows of boxes with a colored background, and at least two rows of boxes with a white background, in which the rows of boxes with a colored background also include the significant wording written on the background of a color different from the chromatic characteristic of the background, while each line with a white background includes either only letters, only numbers or only symbols.

In a further embodiment shown in figure 2, the panel for oculomotor training includes numbers, letters, symbols, and colored or white backgrounds alternating with each other, for example according to a random pattern.

In an alternative embodiment, the graphic pattern for oculomotor training includes two or more? spot lights separated from each other by a distance between 0.5 m and 2 m: this graphic pattern? placed in front of the subject during an oculomotor training session. The spot lights can be arranged, relative to the subject's eye level, above, below, to the right and/or to the left: for example the spot lights can be arranged in a north-west, north-east, south position -west and south-east relative to the subject's position, especially relative to the position of the subject's eyes. There can be up to four spot lights to define the vertices of a virtual rectangle or square. Alternatively, the spot lights can be three in number to define the vertices of a virtual triangle. Alternatively, the spot lights can be randomly located in front of the subject and be greater than or equal to four, for example a number equal to 6. Each spot light can? present its own chromatic characteristic, for example white, green, red, blue or a combination thereof: alternatively each spot light can? emit a light with a variable chromatic characteristic that can be set by the operator or by a unit? control unit responsible for controlling the switching on and off phases of each spot light. For example, a single light can? light up green when switched on for the first time and yellow when switched on again.

The operator, or a unit? control configured for this purpose, intermittently turns each of the spot lights on and off in a sequential manner, so that only one spot light is turned on: in other words ? It is preferable that no two spot lights are turned on at the same time. The flashing frequency of the spot lights can? be between 0.2 Hz and 8 Hz, in particular 0.5 Hz or 2 Hz, or at intervals between 0.2 seconds and 3 seconds.

Oculomotor training can also include a phase in which the subject? required to turn off the spot lights by touching the lit light, every time a light turns on. For example, the moment a red light turns on, the subject will have to touch this light: the red light turns off when the subject touches it, and subsequently another light, for example a yellow light distinct and distant from the previous red light, turns on and the subject will have to? similarly touch it to turn it off. The spot lights can remain on for a time interval that can be set by an operator, between 0.2 seconds and 3.5 seconds: during this time interval, the subject required to touch the spot light that is on to turn it off. If the subject manages to touch the light within the pre-established time interval, the touch is successful. considered valid: on the contrary, if the subject is unable to touch the spot light within the set time interval, this spot light turns off automatically and another light turns on. This phase? implemented by a?unit? control configured to receive said time interval value, turn on a first spot light for a maximum duration equal to said time interval, detect the presence or absence of a touch on the first spot light by means of a respective touch sensor during said time interval, and turn off the first spot light if the set time interval is ? finished or if a touch is detected via the respective touch sensor. The unit? control ? then configured to turn on a second light, distinct and spatially separated from the first light, for a maximum duration equal to said time interval, detect the presence or absence of a touch on the second spot light by means of a respective touch sensor during said time interval, and turn off the second spot light if the set time interval is ? finished or if a touch is detected by the touch sensor. These phases are performed consecutively for the entire duration of the oculomotor training session: to the subject? then asked to perform an athletic gesture when turning the spot lights on and off.

The oculomotor training therefore includes the execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture relevant to the identified sporting discipline simultaneously with the reading and/or recognition phase of plurality. of graphic pattern graphic symbols. For example, the oculomotor training phase includes the subject's recitation of the background color of each box, for example consecutively for each row of the table, or, of the wording written in each box, for example consecutively for each table row. Furthermore, for example in the case in which the graphic pattern includes spot lights, oculomotor training can ask the subject to touch the lit spot light with one hand and to pronounce the name of the associated color: for example, in the case in which a red light turns on, the subject? required to touch the red spot light, pronounce the term ?RED?, and essentially simultaneously perform an athletic gesture related to one's sporting discipline. The athletic gesture can be for example receiving a ball thrown by an operator and subsequently returning it back to the operator himself by means of hands or feet: alternatively the athletic gesture can? be hitting a tennis ball with a racket if the sporting discipline is Tennis.

Oculomotor training can be performed in addition? sessions each lasting between 5 min and 15 min, for example 10 min each.

Can the subject's visual training procedure comprise a visual-perceptive training comprising the display, in particular on a panel or on a monitor, of a graphic pattern 4 comprising a central target 40 and at least one trio of graphic symbols 41, for example letters, spaced from the central target 40 and optionally having at least two dimensions different from each other, as shown in figure 19. The trio of graphic symbols can? be arranged along a horizontal axis to the left and/or right of the central target.

The visual-perceptive training displays a new set of graphic symbols at pre-established time intervals, for example at a frequency between 0.2 Hz and 2 Hz, optionally between 0.4 Hz and 1 Hz. In other words, the display of the set of graphic symbols occurs intermittently, in which each triple displayed? different from the previous one. Each trio can be displayed on the screen for a duration between 0.4 seconds and 3 seconds.

The distance that separates the graphic symbols of each triple can? vary over time: for example, the triples shown to the subject during a first phase of the visual-perceptive training can present a first distance, while the triples shown to the subject during a second phase of the visual-perceptive training, following the first phase, can present a second distance less than the first distance. Furthermore, the graphic symbols of the triads shown to the subject during the visuo-perceptual training session may present a variable size over time, particularly as the training session progresses.

The visual-perceptive training also includes the reading and/or recognition by the subject of the trio of graphic symbols, and the maintenance of ocular fixation on said central target of the graphic pattern during a visual training session. In other words, during visuo-perceptive training, the subject maintains ocular fixation on the central target, a trio of graphic symbols, in particular a trio of letters, is displayed on the screen, and to the subject asked to pronounce the symbols or letters making up the triad.

Can the visual training procedure understand two or more? visuo-perceptive training session, in which each visuoperceptive training session has a duration of between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min.

Can the visual training procedure understand motility training? eyepiece comprising the display, in particular on a panel or screen, of a graphic pattern 5 comprising a trajectory in the shape of an infinity symbol ??? and/or in the shape of ?8?: in particular, as shown in figure 13, the shape of the symbol of? infinite ??? ? superimposed on the ?8? shape to define a cloverleaf trajectory: the graphic pattern can? understand a plurality? of letters and/or numbers arranged along this trajectory.

The motility training phase? ocular also includes the sequential reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of the letters and/or numbers along this trajectory to infinity ???, or to ?8? or four-leaf clover. In particular to the subject? required to pronounce aloud the symbols arranged on the trajectory of the graphic pattern.

The letters or numbers of the graphic pattern 5 for eye-motor training can be portrayed on a white or colored background, in which each number and/or letter can optionally be portrayed on a white or colored background. be portrayed on a different colored background.

Claims (13)

1. Visual enhancement method for activities? sports in a healthy subject in terms of ability? visual, for example an athlete, said method comprising at least the following phases: - identify the sporting discipline for which you wish to obtain visual enhancement; - evaluate in the subject at least one anamnesis parameter including at least one of: or at least a value representative of the subject's static visual acuity; or at least a value representative of a sensitivity? visual to the contrast of the subject; or at least a value representative of a motility? subject's eyepiece; or at least a value deriving from an eidomorphometry examination to evaluate the subject's spatial perception of objects; o an estimate of ocular dominance, in particular sensory and motor ocular dominance; or at least a representative value of the subject's stereopsis; - exclude the subject's ocular pathologies on the basis of said at least one anamnesis parameter; - define a visual training procedure for the subject, called visual training procedure, including at least the following phases: or a sensitivity training phase? to the contrast of the subject, called sensitivity training? to the contrast including the phases of: ? display, in particular on a monitor, a respective graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and intermittent over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consist of black and white portions and/or in different shades? of gray scales alternating with each other, said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target, ? show said graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast to the subject; ? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern; or a central fixation training phase, distinct and additional to the sensitivity training phase? to contrast, including the following phases ? display, in particular on a monitor, a respective graphic pattern comprising distinct portions having contrast values different from each other and intermittent over time, in particular in which said portions of the graphic pattern for sensitivity training? to the contrast consist of black and white portions and/or in different shades? grayscale, said graphic pattern including a substantially fixed central target, ? show said graphic pattern for central fixation training to the subject; ? maintain, by the subject, the ocular fixation on said central target while viewing said graphic pattern; and ? a biofeedback phase, called biofeedback phase including a phase of emitting a sound signal of intensity? and/or variable frequency depending on a degree of ocular fixation maintained on said central target by the subject, said biofeedback phase providing the subject with feedback regarding the degree of ocular fixation maintained on said central target. 2. Method according to the previous claims, in which, during central fixation training, the sound signal decreases in intensity. and/or in frequency as a deviation of ocular fixation with respect to said central target increases, the biofeedback phase including a preparation phase which includes placing one or more? electrodes on the subject's head to detect one or more? electrical signals during the central fixation training phase, in particular said central fixation training determining a stimulation substantially at 45? with respect to the fixation point of the peripheral visual field. 3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said visual training method comprises a training phase of the subject's peripheral vision, said peripheral vision training phase comprising at least the following phases: - display a graphic pattern for peripheral vision including a substantially fixed central target, and a plurality? of graphic symbols, optionally letters and/or numbers, arranged radially away from said central target, - reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of at least part of, in particular all of, said plurality? of graphic pattern symbols for peripheral vision; - the subject's maintenance of fixation on said central target of the graphic pattern for peripheral vision during a visual training session, in particular wherein a session of said peripheral vision training has a duration, in particular continuously and without breaks, of between 10 min and 20 min, in particular substantially equal to 12 min, optionally, in which the training of peripheral vision includes the reading and/or recognition in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, by the subject, of at least part of said plurality? of graphic pattern graphic symbols for peripheral vision. 4. Method according to the previous claim, wherein said graphic pattern of peripheral vision training comprises: - the central target is essentially fixed; - plurality? of graphic symbols, optionally letters and/or numbers, arranged radially away from said central target, and in which it dictates plurality? of graphic symbols includes, optionally consists of: or graphic symbols arranged along a horizontal axis; or graphic symbols arranged along a vertical axis orthogonal to said horizontal axis; or graphic symbols arranged along at least one oblique axis angularly interposed between said vertical axis and said horizontal axis, in particular in which said graphic pattern includes a first oblique axis and a second oblique axis orthogonal to each other and angularly equidistant from the vertical axis and from the ?Horizontal axis; or or called plurality? of graphic symbols? arranged along a spiral trajectory or along one or more? circular trajectories of progressively larger radius. 5. Method according to any of the previous claims 3 and 4, wherein said plurality? of graphic symbols of the peripheral vision training graphic pattern? portrayed in at least one first and second color, in particular red and green, the training of peripheral vision including the selective reading, by the subject, of only the symbols portrayed in the first color or in the second color, or the selective reading, by the subject, only of the symbols portrayed in the first color and subsequently the selective reading of only the symbols portrayed in the second color, in particular called plurality? of graphic symbols comprising letters and numbers, said letters being portrayed in at least one first and second colour, in particular red and green, and said numbers being portrayed in said first and second colours, in particular red and green, optionally wherein the visual training process includes wearing, by the subject, anaglyphic glasses having a first lens and a second lens, and wherein: - the first lens includes a filter for the first color, optionally a filter for the red color, - the second lens includes a filter for the second color, optionally a filter for the green color, the visual training procedure comprising the binocular reading and/or recognition phase, in particular using both eyes simultaneously by the subject, of the graphic symbols selectively of the first color or of the graphic symbols of the second color, or the binocular recognition in a first moment of the graphic symbols of the first color and subsequently of the graphic symbols of the second color. 6. Method according to any of the previous claims 3 to 5, wherein the training of the peripheral vision includes sessions of a microperimetry examination, said microperimetry examination comprising the phases of: - display of the central target, - alternating switching on and off of luminous points located radially around said central target, in particular at different distances from the central target and at variable angles with respect to a horizontal axis; and wherein said peripheral vision training phase comprises: - maintaining ocular fixation on said central target; - the subject's perception of the lit point of light; - demonstrate, by the subject, said perception of the light point in particular by pressing a button, optionally in which said bright spot ? variable in intensity? during this peripheral vision training phase. 7. Method according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the visual training procedure of the subject comprises a visuo-perceptual training comprising the visualization, in particular on a panel or on a monitor, of a graphic pattern comprising: - a central target; and - at least three graphic symbols, in particular letters, spaced from said central target and optionally having at least two dimensions different from each other, said visuo-perceptive training by displaying a new trio of graphic symbols at pre-established time intervals, in which each trio of graphic symbols is arranged along a horizontal axis to the left and/or right of the central target, optionally wherein said graphic symbols are separated from each other by a distance varying over time, and/or wherein said graphic symbols have a size varying over time, and in which said visual-perceptive training phase includes: - the reading and/or recognition by the subject of said trio of graphic symbols, ed - the maintenance of ocular fixation on said central target of the graphic pattern during the visuo-perceptive training session. 8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the visual training method comprises motility training? eye, called motility training? eyepiece includes the display, in particular on a panel or monitor, of a graphic pattern comprising a trajectory in the shape of an infinity symbol ??? and/or in the shape of ?8?, optionally where the shape of the infinity symbol is ??? ? superimposed on the ?8? shape to define a cloverleaf trajectory, said graphic pattern including a plurality? of letters and/or numbers arranged along said trajectory, and in which this motility training phase? ocular includes the consecutive reading and/or recognition by the subject of said plurality? of letters and/or numbers along said trajectory. 9. Method according to any of the previous claims, wherein the graphic pattern displayed during the sensitivity training phase? to contrast and/or during the central fixation training phase includes: - a checkerboard pattern with black and white squares or in different shades? grayscale; or - black and white vertical bars or in different shades? of gray scales alternating with each other, and in which the color black and white or the shades? of gray scale of the checkerboard pattern or vertical bars are reversed over time at a training frequency, said training frequency being: or fixed during a training session, optionally between 6 Hz and 8 Hz, in particular equal to 7.50 Hz, or or variable over time during a training session from 4 Hz and 8 Hz, or or fixed during a first training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min, in particular equal to 10 min, and variable over time during a second training session, in particular lasting between 5 min and 15 min , in particular equal to 10 minutes, consecutive to the first training session, in particular said training frequency being increasing as time progresses, and in which said boxes or said vertical bars present a dimension, optionally in length or width, fixed or variable over time during a training session, in particular said dimension reducing as time progresses during the training session, optionally the graphic pattern displayed during the sensitivity training phase? to the contrast being divided into 2 or 4 sub-boxes. 10. Method according to any of the previous claims, wherein the sensitivity training phase? in contrast comprises a pattern of vertical bars, each of said vertical bars extending in length along a vertical axis and in width along a transverse axis orthogonal to said vertical axis, said length being greater than said width, and wherein said width is variable, by an operator, during said sensitivity training phase? to the contrast or between a first and second sensitivity training session? to the contrast, in particular wherein said vertical bars define a spatial frequency defined by the number of bars included in an angular degree of visual angle or by the number of bars included in a predefined dimension, for example 1 cm, along said transversal axis. 11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said visual training process comprises an oculomotor training phase comprising at least the following phases: - display a graphic pattern comprising a graphic panel comprising numerical symbols and/or letters and/or two or more? colors that are different from each other, or light stimuli that are different from each other in color and spatial position; - reading and/or recognition, by the subject, of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or light stimuli, of the graphic pattern for oculomotor training, - recitation, by the subject, of said numerical symbols and/or or letters, or the colors of said luminous stimuli, - repetitive execution, by the subject, of an athletic gesture, in particular relating to the identified sporting discipline, simultaneously with the previous phases of reading and/or recognition and/or recitation of said numerical symbols and/or letters, or of said colors of light stimuli. 12. Method according to the previous claim, wherein the graphic panel of the oculomotor training phase includes a table divided into rows and columns to define boxes, wherein at least some of said boxes include: - a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, in particular a colour, ed - a wording written on said background, said wording being significant in a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of said respective background, in particular in which the boxes are alternated by color, and in which said oculomotor training phase includes the recitation by the subject: - the background color of each box, for example consecutively for each row or each column of the table, or - the wording written in each box, for example consecutively for each row or for each column of the table. 13. Method according to the previous claim, wherein said table comprises: - a first row which includes boxes, and wherein each box includes: or a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, in particular a colour, ed or a wording written on said background, said wording being significant of a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of said respective background, and in which each row includes boxes having a plurality? of different chromatic characteristics, - a second row which includes boxes, and in which each box includes: or a respective background having its own chromatic characteristic, in particular a colour, ed or a wording written on said background, said wording being significant of a different color compared to the chromatic characteristic of said respective background, in which each row includes boxes having a plurality? of chromatic characteristics different from each other, and in which at least the chromatic characteristics of the second row are staggered by columns compared to the chromatic characteristics of the first row, - a third line, placed between the first and second lines, comprising boxes, in which each box portrays a numerical symbol or a letter of the alphabet or an arrow with a respective direction.