IT202100020804A1 - LASER MACHINE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

LASER MACHINE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

The present invention relates to a laser machine for additive manufacturing of the type specified in the preamble to the first claim.

In particular, the present invention relates to a laser machine for additive manufacturing, or additive manufacturing, of articles belonging to various technical sectors, for example automotive, aerospace and medical, by means of fusion of metal filaments, for example titanium, inconel? , steel, light alloy or even precious alloy.

The Additive Manufacturing, or additive manufacturing, thanks to its characteristics of flexibility?,? a technology used in different sectors and with different applications. In particular, the use of this technology is easy to use in the production of capital goods, in the aerospace sector, in the automotive sector, in the biomedical sector and for the production of consumer goods.

The primary application for additive manufacturing components is ? the construction of definitive parts, certainly one of the most? interesting and growing rapidly in the last period. Furthermore, additive manufacturing is also used to carry out assembly tests, demonstrating the continuous improvement of the performance of the materials used. Other possible applications of additive manufacturing are in the educational and research sector, in the visualization of projects, in the creation of inserts for molds, the creation of concept and master models for tooling and foundry.

At present, in the metal additive manufacturing sector there are mainly two technologies known as SLM (Selective Laser Melting), and FDM (Fused Deposition Metal).

The SLM ? an additive manufacturing technique which, similarly to SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), for polymeric materials, creates the components through the selective fusion of a bed of powder. This technique can be considered as an alternative to the pi? traditional metal forming processes and foundry processes; in both cases during the realization of the component ? necessary to provide a layer of stock in the coupling areas, cos? to allow the subsequent surface finishing performed through chip removal machining.

The SLM includes some major drawbacks.

In particular, the laser radiation does not allow the complete fusion of the metal particles to be achieved, leaving porosity? within the manufactured product. Furthermore, a further limitation of this technology lies in the maximum volume confined to about half a cubic meter: the main reason for this limitation? the high weight of the metal cube which makes the millesimal movements necessary for the elevator to carry out the construction process difficult.

In any case, the SLM is also used for the construction of moulds, against a higher cost of 10% - 15% compared to the molds obtained with traditional techniques, with this technique you get a productivity? and a quality superior. Companies like Desktop Metal and Markforged have been developing FDM technology since 2017. The latter is not ? dissimilar from the homonymous technology currently adopted for plastic materials.

The process uses metal powder, mixed in a plastic or ceramic binder, which is extruded layer by layer to form the finished product. The raw material of this process is then sent to a washing station where a specific fluid partially removes the binder, carries out a cleaning action and creates a porous structure preparing the sample for sintering. Subsequently, the product is placed in an oven in which the sintering of the metal powders takes place and the complete elimination of the organic binder, reaching a density of equal to 96 ? 98%. These solutions are very promising, the costs for the printers are lower than the powder bed technologies, as are the printing times.

However, some perplexities remain. on the metallographic structure of the final piece, on the properties? mechanical and on a possible presence of organic residues that could compromise the use in some applications. Not in the current state of the art? A chemical and metallographic characterization has yet to be made on samples produced using this type of technology and, therefore, it would be advisable to monitor the progress of this 3D printing methodology, especially given the relative low costs of a possible mass production.

In this situation, the technical task underlying the present invention? devise a laser machine for additive manufacturing capable of substantially obviating at least part of the aforementioned drawbacks.

In the context of this technical task ? an important aim of the invention is to obtain a laser machine for additive manufacturing which allows to obtain manufactured articles having a reduced, if any, number of defects.

Another important purpose of the invention ? create a laser machine for additive manufacturing that allows the processing of metal filaments of different diameters in such a way as to be easily adaptable to any situation. Furthermore, a further task of the invention is create a laser machine for additive manufacturing that allows you to increase efficiency and speed? of the production process for the realization of finished products.

The technical task and the specified aims are achieved by a laser machine for additive manufacturing as claimed in the attached claim 1.

Preferred technical solutions are highlighted in the dependent claims.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention are clarified below by the detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a front view of the head of a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the head of Fig. 1 in which the possible focusing adjustments that can be performed on the head are highlighted;

Fig. 3 ? a functional diagram relating to the collimation of the laser beams of a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention;

Fig. 4 represents the detail relating to the collimation zone created by a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention;

Fig. 5a shows a perspective view of a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention in a first embodiment in which the metal filament is? deposited on a substrate defined by a fixed support;

Fig. 5b illustrates a side view of the machine of Fig.5a;

Fig. 6a ? perspective view of a system comprising a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention in a second embodiment in which the metal filament is deposited on a substrate integral with the head of a second machine;

Fig. 6b represents a side view of the machine of Fig.6a;

Fig. 7a shows a perspective view of a system comprising a laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention in a third embodiment in which the metal filament is? deposited on a substrate defined by a rotating support; And

Fig. 7b illustrates a side view of the machine of Fig.7a.

In this document, measurements, values, shapes and geometric references (such as perpendicularity and parallelism), when associated with words such as "about" or other similar terms such as "almost?" or "substantially", are to be understood as less than measurement errors or inaccuracies due to production and/or manufacturing errors and, above all, less than a slight deviation from the value, measure, shape or geometric reference to which ? associated. For example, these terms, if associated with a value, preferably indicate a deviation of no more than 10% of the value itself.

Also, when used, terms such as ?first?, ?second?, ?superior?, ?inferior?, ?main? and ?secondary? do not necessarily identify an order, a priority? of relationship or relative position, but can simply be used for pi? clearly distinguish between different components.

Unless otherwise specified, as apparent from the following discussions, terms such as "processing", "computing", "determination", "computing", or the like are understood to refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or similar electronic calculation that manipulates and / or transforms data represented as physical, such as electronic quantities of registers of a computer system and / or memories in, other data similarly represented as quantities? in computer systems, logs or other devices for storing, transmitting or displaying information.

The measurements and data reported in this text are to be considered, unless otherwise indicated, as performed in an ICAO International Standard Atmosphere (ISO 2533:1975).

With reference to the Figures, the laser machine for additive manufacturing according to the invention ? globally indicated with the number 1.

Machine 1? substantially suitable for allowing the manufacture of manufactured articles by addition of metallic material. Substantially, therefore, the machine 1 ? similar to a 3D printer designed to allow the creation of metal products.

Machine 1? therefore intended to deposit at least one metal filament 11 on a substrate 10. The substrate 10 is substantially a support, for example flat or even concave, or convex or also defining further shapes, on which it can? filament 11 be deposited in a controlled manner.

The metallic filament 11 ? substantially an elongated or elongated element extending mainly along a development trajectory.

Furthermore, the metallic filament 11 defines a plurality of of sections, perpendicular to the development trajectory. These sections are preferably invariant, ie the filament 11 ? substantially homogeneous and does not show any restrictions or enlargements along the trajectory of development. Therefore, the metal filament defines its own first diameter d<1>.

The first diameter d1 ? defined by the diameter of each circular section of the filament 11. The first diameter d1 ? for example between 0.1 mm and 1.3 mm. Furthermore, the filament 11 pu? include any metallic material, in this case for example titanium, steel, super alloys such as Inconel?, light alloys, precious alloys, or more.

The machine 1 comprises, briefly, a base 2, a robotic arm 3 and a head 4.

The base 2? substantially a stable element to which the robotic arm 3 ? connected. So, robotic arm 3 ? loosely bound to the base 2.

Therefore, the base 2 can? be a sort of pedestal, or even a wall, or a floor or, again, a ceiling.

The robotic arm 3, by itself? known, ? a manipulator capable of interacting with the substrate and, as better specified below, depositing the filament 11 on the substrate 10 in a controlled manner.

It can understand, in general, one or more? rigid bodies, identifiable in optionally telescopic profiles, and one or more? mechanical joints suitable for moving and, to be precise, reciprocally rotating the rigid bodies in a suitably independent manner.

Between rigid bodies? identifiable a final rigid body which ? the head 4 is constrained and optionally a final mechanical joint constraining the final rigid body to at least one rigid body upstream of it. Optionally, the robotic arm 3 can comprising at least one hinge, preferably motorised, capable of defining at least one axis of rotation between the head 4 and the final rigid body.

The mechanical joints are designed to move and, to be precise, rotate the rigid bodies reciprocally by varying the angle of spread between two contiguous rigid bodies.

Mechanical joints rotate rigid bodies according to inverse kinematics or forward kinematics. It is therefore specified that, even if not expressly stated, each movement of the robotic arm 3 described in this document can be determined according to an inverse kinematics or a direct kinematics.

The inverse kinematic expression defines a trajectory in the operating space, ie the calculation of the path of the terminal organ of the robotic arm 3 (identifiable in the head 4). Therefore, ? is it possible to determine the position, speed? and acceleration of the individual mechanical joints so as to have said path of the end member of the robotic arm 3.

The direct kinematic expression identifies the calculation of a trajectory in the joint space in which, not the path of the terminal organ, but the position, the speed? and the acceleration of the individual mechanical joints. Consequently, the path of the end organ of the robotic arm 3 ? consequence of the position, of the speed? and acceleration of mechanical joints.

Each joint? capable of rotating at least the rigid body following it according to the kinematic chain, defining a transverse rotation axis and, substantially, almost perpendicular to the axis of preferred extension of the rigid body. Preferably, a joint defines two axes of rotation almost transversal and, more? preferably, perpendicular to each other.

Mechanical joints can be of various types, motorized or non-motorised, such as - by way of non-limiting example - revolving, prismatic, spherical, helical, cylindrical joints, hinges.

Each mechanical joint pu? comprising a servomotor, ie an electric motor equipped with an encoder able to measure the angle of rotation between the rigid bodies given by the same motor and to stably maintain this angle.

Advantageously, the robotic arm 3 ? with controllable compliance. Therefore, one or more mechanical joints can be of variable compliance. Joints with variable compliance are described for example in patent documents US2012096973 and ITPI20110057.

The robotic arm 3 can include one or more sensors able to detect the forces between the substrate 10 and the robotic arm 3 (in particular on the head 4).

The mechanical joints can define at least two compliances different from each other by module and/or direction of application as described below.

These sensors are able to detect the? intensity? of these forces.

Said sensors are suitable for detecting the direction and suitably direction of said forces. The head 4, as gi? mentioned, ? preferably integral to one extremity? free of the robotic arm 3.

Furthermore, the head 4 comprises a plurality of components.

In detail, head 4 comprises at least one emitter 40.

The emitter 40 ? configured to emit at least a first laser beam r1. The first ray r1 ? emitted along an emission direction 4a. The emission direction 4a ? the direction along which the first ray r1 extends. Therefore, preferably, the emission direction 4a ? straight.

The emitter 40, of course, could also emit a plurality? of first rays r1, i.e. a bundle of first rays r1, as shown for example in Fig.3. In this case, therefore, each first ray r1 ? directed along its own emission direction 4a.

The head 4 therefore also comprises a diffuser 41. The diffuser 41 preferably interferes with the emission direction 4a. In the event that the emitter 40 generates a plurality? of first rays r1, the diffuser 41 preferably interferes with all directions of emission 4a. With the term ?interfere? it is understood that the diffuser 41 interacts with the first rays r1 along the emission direction or directions 4a. Therefore, the speaker 41 ? preferably positioned along the emission direction or directions 4a in such a way as to capture the first rays r1.

The diffuser 41 is, therefore, configured to divide the first beam r1 into a plurality of second rays r2. In an alternative embodiment, the diffuser 41 could also only deflect each first beam r1. Naturally, the advantage of dividing the first beam r1 into many second beams r2 ? given by the fact of saving on the supply energy necessary to supply the emitter 40.

The second beams r2, whether they derive from a single first beam r1 or from respective first beams r1 deflected, extend radially to the emission direction 4a. They thus extend transversely to the emission direction 4a from the emission direction 4a outwards.

The second beams r2 could then extend transversely to the emission direction 4a with its own specific inclination, for example also perpendicularly.

The head 4 also comprises a conveyor 42.

Conveyor 42 ? configured to convey the filament 11 along a conveying direction 4b.

The conveying direction 4b ? substantially the direction of development of the filament 11 outgoing from the head 4.

Therefore, inside the head 4 the filament 11 can? extend along any direction up to the outlet where the filament 11 assumes the conveying direction 4b.

Indeed, preferably, the conveyor 42 can? include a plurality? of components. In detail, the conveyor 42 preferably comprises a reel on which coiled said filament 11. The spool, not shown in the figures, is essentially a rotating element, or with respect to which pu? rotate the filament 11, and which contains the wound filament around its own axis.

The conveyor 42 can? therefore comprise a rectifier module 420. The rectifier module 420 ? substantially configured to orient the filament 11 along the conveying direction 4b. Therefore, for example, it can comprise a duct through which the filament 11 passes, like a rigid cannula, extending along the conveying direction 4b and within which the filament 11 can? be moved before leaving the head 4. The conveyor 42 preferably also comprises a wire feeder. The wire feeder? nfigured to convey the filament 11 from the coil to the straightening module 0. So it pu? be a mechanical element, for example including li, capable of dragging the filament 11 towards the straightening module 420. Hence, the conveyor 42 can? include a 421 nozzle. The 421 nozzle ? the conveyor part 42 through which the filament 11 comes out of the conveyor 42 itself, or from the head 4, to be deposited on the substrate 10.

nozzle 421 can? substantially also coincide with an extremity? free of the rectifier module 420, i.e. with the exit hole of the rigid cannula. conveyance direction 4b and the emission direction 4a can be misaligned with them. Or, in a preferred embodiment, the emitter 40 and the conveyor 42 can be at least partly coaxial and, therefore, the conveyor action 4b and the emission direction 4a can be mutually aligned.

in any case, advantageously, the machine 1 also comprises a collimator.

collimator 43 ? configured to focus the second beams r2 along respective collimation sections 4c. The collimation directions 4c are substantially the directions along which the second beams r2 at the exit of the collimator 43 develop. Collimation directions 4c are, advantageously, converging towards the conveyance direction 4b. Thus, the second beams r2 are focused on the substrate 10.

The substrate 10 is, of course, spaced apart from the collimator 43 along the conveying direction 4b. Furthermore, the second beams r2 are focused by the collimator 43 on the substrate 10 in such a way as to create a collimation zone 43a.

Collimation zone 43a ? substantially the zone determined by the contact between second beams r2 of the laser and the substrate 10. Moreover, the collimation zone 43a is, advantageously, preferably annular. So, collimation zone 43a ? suitable to surround the filament 11, deposited on the substrate 10, and defines its own second diameter d2. The second diameter d2 ? preferably, but not necessarily, greater than or equal to the first diameter d1.

Naturally, when the collimation zone 43a is described as annular, it is meant that the points defined by the contact between the laser and the substrate 10, as a whole, define an annular trajectory.

Furthermore, ? it is clear that the filament 11 comes out of the conveyor 42 to be deposited on the substrate 10 crossing the collimation zone 43a.

From a structural point of view, collimator 43 pu? comprise a circular crown developing around the emission direction 4a. So, the circular crown can? include one or more tiltable focusing lens to change collimation directions 4c. The focusing lenses, per se? known, are substantially reflecting elements capable of reflecting the second ray r2 arriving at the lens or lenses with a selected inclination.

The head 4 can? also include a 44 frame. The 44 frame can? be substantially a containing element, or carter, capable of including one or more? among the components of the head 44 previously described. Preferably, the frame 44 includes the diffuser 41. Furthermore, the collimator 43 is integrally linked to the frame 44.

In addition, the rectifier module 420 ? removably connected to the frame 44 by means of a mandrel. Therefore, the rectifier module 420 can? be easily attached and detached from the frame 44 possibly for the replacement of the filament 11.

Does machine 1 also include a unit? command 5.

The unit command 5 ? operatively connected at least to the robotic arm 3 and to the head 4. Furthermore, in general, the unit? command 5 ? configured to control the movement of the head 4 by means of the robotic arm 3 with respect to the base 2.

So, the unit? command 5 ? preferably capable of controlling, suitably automatically, the operation of the robotic arm 3 (displacements, compliance, etc.).

The unit command 5 can? understand, in this regard, a memory containing the information necessary to control the robotic arm 3.

This memory can include a database act to allow the unit? command 5 to control the robotic arm 3 and in particular to know its spatial arrangement.

The database can understand at least the data relating to compliance (ie to the mechanical joints) allowing the unit? command 5 to vary the compliance of the robotic arm 3 (therefore of the head 4 with respect to the substrate 10).

The unit command 5 ? therefore suitable for controlling the trajectory of the head 4, or rather of the conveyor 42 and therefore of the filament 11 which ? brought into contact, i.e. deposited, on the substrate 10.

Advantageously, in a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the unit? command 5 can? be configured to vary, on command, the collimation directions 4c. In this way, the unit? command 5 can? allow the second diameter d2 to expand in relation to the first diameter d1.

The unit command 5 could therefore be equipped with acquisition means configured to detect the first diameter d1 in order to be able to manage the expansion of the collimation zone 43a, ie the value of the second diameter d2.

Or, the unit? control 5 could also allow an external user to manually set the value of the first diameter d1 on which to base the expansion of the collimation zone 43a.

With the term ?dilatation? we refer to both negative and positive variations of the second diameter d2, ie to narrowing or widening of the collimation zone 43a.

Naturally, the unit? command 5 can? be configured to control additional components.

For example, the unit? command 5 ? preferably operatively connected to the wire feeder of the conveyor 42. In this way, the unit? command 5 can? also manage the speed? of deposition of the filament 11 and can, if necessary, block the same deposition.

Furthermore, the unit? command 5 can? comprise a first regulation module 50. The first regulation module 50 ? manually operated; also, it ? configured to allow the collimation zone 43a to be translated along a first translation axis 5a. The first axis of translation 5a ? preferably perpendicular to the conveying direction 4b.

In addition, the unit? command 5 can? also include a second regulation module 51. If present, the second regulation module 51 ? similar to the first regulation module 50.

So, it can be operable manually and configured to allow the collimation zone 43a to be translated along a second translation axis 5b. The second axis of translation 5b ? preferably perpendicular to the first translation axis 5a.

Therefore, the adjustment modules 50, 51 allow to correct the small misalignments that may be present between the collimation zone 43a and the filament 11. For example, the adjustment modules 50, 51 can be elements that can be rotated, possibly by means of a tool and Allen key or other, as shown in detail in Fig.2, to allow the collimation zone 43a to be aimed precisely around the filament 11 and to center it.

The unit command 5 can? also include sensor means 52. The sensor means 52, if present, are configured to detect the relative inclination between the conveying direction 4b and a predetermined direction.

Therefore, the sensor means 52 can detect any unwanted displacements of the straightening module 420, for example due to shocks or other unwanted events. So, the unit? command 5 can? be configured to block the conveyor 42, in detail the wire feeder, whenever the relative inclination exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

The unit command 5 can? also include a security module. If present, the security module ? configured to measure the operating temperature of the diffuser 41 without contact. Therefore, the safety module can? include optical means for verifying the temperature. So, the unit? command 5 can? be configured to deactivate the emitter 40 whenever the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature limit.

The machine 1 can? include additional precautions.

For example, it can comprise shielding means 6. If present, the shielding means 6 are arranged, in use, between the collimator 43 and the substrate 10. Then, the shielding means 6 are configured to isolate the collimator 43, the diffuser 41 and the emitter 40 compared to an external environment. Furthermore, the shielding means are configured to allow the passage of at least the second rays r2.

Therefore, the shielding means 6 can comprise a transparent plate positioned below, with respect to the substrate 10, the collimator 43 or the corona. In conclusion, the machine 1 pu? also include cooling means. If present, the cooling means configured to cool the head 4. They can, therefore, comprise one or more? channels adjacent to the head 4, or even passing through the head 4, and configured to allow the passage of a cooling fluid inside it.

The machine 1 can? be used to make a product by addition of filament 11 on substrate 10. Therefore, substrate 10 can? be defined by a support leaning against the wall or even on the floor. Or, the substrate pu? be precisely defined by a wall or a floor. In general, in a simple embodiment, as shown in Figs.5a-5b. Substrate 10 ? supportive of the base 2.

Or, the machine 1 pu? be part of an additive manufacturing 100 system. The system 100 comprises at least the machine 1. The machine 1 can? include all or part of the characteristics described above. Furthermore, the 100 system can? include a support device 101.

The support device 101 ? essentially a support element adapted to support the substrate 10. Thus, the support device 101 preferably includes the substrate 10. The substrate 10 can? be rested or hooked on the support device 101, or the substrate 10 can? be own art of support device 101.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figs. 6a-6b, the support device 101 further comprises a second base 2? and a second arm 3?.

Second base? preferably integral with first base 2.

The second robotic arm 3? ?, moreover, loosely tied to second base 2?. Substrate 10 ? advantageously supportive at one end? free of the second robotic arm 3? in such a way as to be eventful, relative to second base 2? from the second robotic arm 3?.

Therefore, the artifact can be accomplished by relative movement between the robotic arms 3, 3?.

In this regard, in fact, preferably the support device 101 comprises a second unit? of command 5?.

The second unit? command 5?, similarly to the first unit? of command 5, ? operationally connected to the second robotic arm 3? and to the substrate 10. Furthermore, the second unit? command 5? ? configured to control the movement of the substrate 10 by means of the second robotic arm 3? compared to second base 2?.

Advantageously, the units? of command 5, 5? they are reciprocally operatively connected in such a way as to coordinate the reciprocal movement between the head 4 and the substrate 10 during the manufacture of the article.

The units? 5, 5? they can also be configured to vary the mutual distance along the conveying axis 4b so as to expand the second diameter d2 in relation to said first diameter d1.

In a further embodiment, as shown in Figs. 7a-7b, the support device 101 further comprises the second base 2? and handling means 102.

Second base 2? ? preferably, as before, integral with first base 2.

The movement means 102, advantageously, are operatively connected to the substrate 10. Furthermore, are they configured to rotate the substrate 10 with respect to the second base 2? about a predetermined axis of rotation 102a.

Therefore, the handling means 102 can comprise a rotating plate defining the substrate 10 or on which the substrate 10 can be placed. be willing.

Also, as before, the support device 101 ? preferably equipped with the second unit? of command 5?.

The latter, in this embodiment, is operatively connected to the movement means 102 and to the substrate 10. Furthermore, the second unit? command 5? ? configured to control the rotation of the substrate 10, in particular around the axis of rotation 102a, by means of the movement means 102 with respect to the second base 2?.

Advantageously, also in this case, the units? of command 5, 5? they are reciprocally operatively connected in such a way as to coordinate the reciprocal movement between the head 4 and the substrate 10 during the manufacture of the article.

The units? 5, 5? also in this case, they can be configured to vary the mutual distance along the conveying axis 4b in such a way as to expand the second diameter d2 in relation to said first diameter d1.

The operation of the machine 1, and related systems 100, previously described in structural terms? substantially similar to the operation of any 3D printer.

The laser machine 1 for additive manufacturing according to the invention, and related additive manufacturing system, achieve important advantages.

In fact, the machine 1 and the systems 100 made with the machine 1 allow to obtain manufactured articles having a reduced, if any, number of defects.

Furthermore, the machine 1 and the systems 100 made with the machine 1 allow to process metal filaments of different diameters and are, therefore, easily adaptable to any situation and adaptable to the processing of any product. In conclusion, the machine 1 and the systems 100 realized with the machine 1 allow to increase the efficiency and speed? of the production process for the realization of finished products.

The invention? susceptible of variations falling within the scope of the inventive concept defined by the claims.

In this context, all the details can be replaced by equivalent elements and the materials, shapes and dimensions can be any.

Claims (10)

1. Additive manufacturing system (100) comprising - a laser additive manufacturing machine (1) including - a base (2), - a robotic arm (3) loosely connected to said base (2), and characterized in that it comprises - a head (4) integral with one end? free of said robotic arm (3) and comprising: - an emitter (40) configured to emit at least a first laser beam (r1) along an emission direction (4a), - a diffuser (41) interfering with said emission direction (4a) and configured to divide said first beam (r1) into a plurality? of second rays (r2) extending radially to said emission direction (4a), - a conveyor (42) configured to convey along a conveying direction (4b) a metal filament (11) defining its own first diameter (d1), and - at least one collimator (43) configured to focus said second rays (r2) along respective collimation directions (4c) converging towards said conveyance direction (4b) on a substrate (10) spaced apart, with respect to said collimator (43), along said conveying direction (4b) cos? to create an annular collimation zone (43a) determined by the contact between said second rays (r2) and said substrate (10), defining a second diameter (d2) and suitable for surrounding said filament (11), and - a support device (101) including said substrate (10), and characterized in that - said support device (101) further comprises: - a second base (2?) integral with said first base (2), e - movement means (102) operatively connected to said substrate (10) and configured to rotate said substrate (10) with respect to said second base (2?) about a predetermined axis of rotation (102a). 2. System (100) according to claim 1, wherein said machine (1) comprises a unit? (5) operatively connected to said robotic arm (3) and said head (4) and configured to control the movement of said head (4) by means of said robotic arm (3) with respect to said base (2), said support device (101) comprises a second unit? (5?) operatively connected to said movement means (102) and said substrate (10) and configured to control the rotation of said substrate (10) by means of said movement means (102) with respect to said second base (2 ?), these units? of command (5, 5?) being mutually operatively connected in such a way as to coordinate the reciprocal movement between said head (4) and said substrate (10) during the manufacturing of an article. 3. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said unit? command (5) ? configured to vary, on command, said collimation directions (4c) and/or said unit? control elements (5, 5?) are configured to vary the mutual distance along said conveying axis (4b) so as to expand said second diameter (d2) in relation to said first diameter (d1). 4. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said collimator (43) comprises a wound annulus extending around said emission direction (4a) and including one or more? tiltable focusing lenses to modify said collimation directions (4c). 5. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said unit? command (5) comprises at least a first adjustment module (50), which can be operated manually, configured to allow the translation of said collimation zone (43a) along a first translation axis (5a) perpendicular to said conveying direction (4b) and a second regulation module (51), which can be operated manually, configured to allow the translation of said collimation zone (43a) along a second translation axis (5b) perpendicular to said first translation axis (5a). 6. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said emitter (40) and said conveyor (42) are at least partly coaxial and said conveyance direction (4b) and said emission direction (4a) are mutually aligned . 7. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said conveyor (42) comprises a reel on which coiled said filament (11), a straightening module (420) configured to orient said filament (11) along said conveying direction (4b), a wire feeder operatively connected to said said unit command (5) and configured to convey said filament (11) from said spool to said straightening module (420), and a nozzle (421) through which said filament (11) emerges from said conveyor (42). To be deposited on said substrate (11) crossing said collimation zone (43a). The system (100) according to claim 7, wherein said head (4) comprises a frame (44) including said diffuser (41), said collimator (43) ? integrally constrained to said frame (44) and said straightening module (420) comprises a conduit through which said filament (11) passes and ? removably connected to said frame (44) by means of a mandrel. 9. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said unit? command (5) comprises sensor means configured to detect the relative inclination between said conveying direction (4b) and a predetermined direction and said unit? command (5) ? configured to block said conveyor (42) whenever said relative inclination exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 10. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said machine (1) comprises shielding means (6) arranged, in use, between said collimator (43) and said substrate (10) and configured to isolate said collimator (43), said diffuser (41) and said emitter (40) with respect to an external environment and to allow the passage of at least said second rays (r2).