IT202100009527A1 - REINFORCED BEAM - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Attached to a patent application for INDUSTRIAL INVENTION having the title

?REINFORCED BEAM?

The present invention relates to a reinforced beam, a resistant structure of a product comprising one or more reinforced beams as well as? a method for manufacturing such reinforced beams.

? the use of laminated wood as a structural material for the construction of frames or cages in which the laminated wood constitutes the columns and/or load-bearing beams is known.

Laminated wood has the typical advantages of wood, such as the high ratio between mechanical resistance and weight, and, at the same time, solves the typical disadvantages of solid wood, such as, for example, the impossibility of to produce elements of the desired shape and size in order to optimize their mechanical performance regardless of the size of the shaft. However, laminated wood is not suitable for the construction of beams and/or columns intended for the construction of large structures unless the dimensions, and in particular the thickness, are considerably increased.

For this purpose, ? known to reinforce the laminated wood with one or more? layers of a composite material, different from laminated wood, such as carbon fiber for example, in order to improve the mechanical characteristics of the laminated wood and, at the same time, limit its dimensions.

However, these reinforced beams have a series of drawbacks which make their use not very convenient.

Known types of reinforced beams retain considerable rigidity which does not allow them to deform optimally to the stresses to which they are subjected.

In fact, the layers of composite material have a considerable mechanical strength and a considerable elastic modulus but do not cooperate optimally with the layers of laminated wood in order to improve the elasticity of the material. overall of the reinforced beam.

In this context, the technical task at the basis of the present invention is to create a reinforced beam, a resistant structure of an artifact comprising one or more? of such reinforced beams and a method for manufacturing reinforced beams which overcomes the mentioned drawbacks.

Said purpose ? fully achieved by the beam and by the method of manufacturing a beam according to the present invention , which is characterized by what is contained in the claims set out below.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention provides a reinforced beam. The term reinforced means a beam with properties? resistant increased.

The beam comprises a first layer. Furthermore, the beam comprises a second layer. The beam develops according to a main development direction. The beam develops along the main direction of development between a first extremity? and a second end?.

In one embodiment, the first and/or second layer are made at least partially of laminated wood. In other embodiments, the first and/or second layers are made at least partially of composite material.

The beam includes an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is partially interposed between the first and second layers.

In one embodiment, the intermediate layer is made at least partially of composite material. In other embodiments, the intermediate layer is made at least partially in laminated wood. Preferably, when the intermediate layer ? made of composite material, the first and second layers are made of laminated wood. Also, when the middle layer? made of laminated wood, the first and second layers are made of composite material.

According to further embodiments, the beam can understand a plurality of additional layers. In these embodiments, layers made at least partially of composite material are alternated with layers made at least partially of laminated wood.

The composite material can comprise a metal or polymeric based matrix and a fibrous based reinforcement.

The metal-based or polymeric matrix can? include synthetic resin. Fibrous-based reinforcement? selected from one or more of the following materials: basalt fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fibers and vegetable fibers.

The composite material can be made in such a way as to define a reticular structure.

In the embodiments where the intermediate layer is made at least partially of composite material and the first and second layers are made at least partially of laminated wood, the intermediate layer has a reticular structure.

Also, in embodiments where the intermediate layer is made at least partially of laminated wood and the first and second layers are made at least partially of composite material, the first and second layers have a reticular structure.

This technical feature guarantees the beam an optimal mechanical response to structural stress. This feature also guarantees a lightening of the beam itself.

In fact, the reticular structure defines a plurality? of cavities? inside the beam which facilitate the deformation of the beam without excessively stressing the structure, essentially acting as a buffer against the mechanical stresses to which the beam ? normally subject. According to one embodiment, the first layer, the second layer and the intermediate layer may have a respective curved profile defining an arched beam. In this embodiment, the first layer can define a radially external portion of the beam while the second layer can? defines a radially internal portion of the beam.

In other embodiments, the first layer, the second layer and the intermediate layer can have a respective substantially rectilinear profile. According to a further aspect, the first layer comprises a first quantity of clapboards and the second layer includes a second amount? of clapboards.

In one embodiment, in use, the second layer is operatively arranged in a position below the first layer. In this embodiment, the second quantity? of shingles can? be greater than the first amount? of clapboards.

In other embodiments, in use, the first layer is operatively disposed in a position lower than the second layer. In this embodiment, the first quantity of shingles can? be greater than the second amount? of clapboards.

This characteristic allows the lower layer, normally subjected to a greater action of compressive forces, to respond optimally to stresses.

According to a further aspect, the first layer defines a first thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to the main direction of development of the beam while the second layer defines a second thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to the main direction of development of the beam.

In embodiments where, in use, the second layer is operatively disposed below the first layer, the second thickness may be lower than the first layer. be greater than the first thickness.

In embodiments where, in use, the first layer is operatively disposed in a position below the second layer, the first thickness may be lower than the second layer. be greater than the second thickness.

This characteristic allows the lower layer, normally subjected to a greater action of compressive forces, to respond optimally to stresses.

According to a further aspect, the beam can comprising a constraint portion suitable for constraining the beam to an external structure. This portion of the bond can? be placed at the first end? of the beam. Alternatively, this portion of the constraint can? be placed at the second end? of the beam.

The portion of the constraint can? include a zipper.

This characteristic allows the beam to be able to rotate with respect to the external structure in such a way as to distribute the mechanical stresses along the axis of the beam in a functional way and in such a way as not to stress the constraint portions themselves.

The beam can include a portion of additional constraint arranged at the second end? or the first extremity? of the beam. The portion of the additional constraint can? includes a respective hinge.

In the embodiments where the intermediate layer is made of composite material and the first and second layer are made of laminated wood, the intermediate layer can? it comprises two plates and a central portion, placed between the two plates. the central portion defines the reticular structure of said beam.

Also, in embodiments where the intermediate layer is made of laminated wood and the first and second layers are made of composite material, the first and/or second layer can comprise two laminates and a central portion, interposed between the two laminates. the central portion defines the reticular structure of said beam.

According to a further aspect of the present description, the present invention provides a building structure comprising one or more? beams reinforced according to the above and according to what will be? further outlined in this description.

According to a further aspect of the present description, the present invention provides a method for producing a reinforced beam. This method includes the following steps:

- creation of a first layer at least partially in laminated wood; - creation of a second layer at least partially in laminated wood;

- making an intermediate layer at least partially of composite material and having a reticular structure and/or a corrugated structure;

- positioning said intermediate layer between the first layer and the second layer;

- stable connection of the first layer, the second layer and the intermediate layer through a connecting element.

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the detailed description of some preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of a reinforced beam illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 shows, in a side schematic view, a section of a preferred embodiment of a reinforced beam in accordance with the present invention;

figure 2 shows, in a schematic perspective view, a section of a further embodiment of a reinforced beam in accordance with the present invention;

- figures 3A and 3B show, in a perspective schematic view and in an exploded schematic view, a further embodiment of a reinforced beam in accordance with the present invention.

With reference to the figures cited, ? been globally indicated with the numerical reference ?1? a reinforced beam according to the present invention.

In the present description, with the term ?beam? do we mean a structural element with a predominant dimension, capable of transferring a basically transversal stress to its development axis along this development axis, from the sections hit by the load up to the respective ends? of the beam.

The reinforced beam 1 comprises a plurality of layers having respective development axes oriented along a main direction of development of the beam 1, wherein each layer has a substantially elongated sheet-like conformation.

Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of beam 1.

The beam 1 comprises a first layer 10 and a second layer 20 made at least partially of laminated wood and an intermediate layer 30 made at least partially of composite material.

The intermediate layer 30 is at least partially interposed between the first layer 10 and the second layer 20.

In the present description, with the expression ?composite material? you want to understand a heterogeneous material, cio? consisting of two or more phases with properties different physics.

The composite material can be made using a metal or polymer based matrix and a fibrous based reinforcement.

The metal or polymeric base can? include resin, preferably synthetic resin.

Fibrous-based reinforcement can be selected from one or more of the following materials: basalt fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fibers and vegetable fibers.

Advantageously, what? realized, the composite material allows to obtain a material whose properties? mechanics are much better than those of the individual phases that constitute it.

Furthermore, so realized, the composite material guarantees the beam 1 high mechanical performances by cooperating with the first layer 10 and with the second layer 20, made at least partially in laminated wood.

According to a peculiar aspect of the present invention, the intermediate layer 30 can exhibit a lattice structure 31 and/or a corrugated structure.

In the present description, with the expression ?reticular structure? it basically means a rigid and light structure, created by means of the interlocking of uprights of composite material according to suitable geometric schemes.

Also, with the expression ?wavy structure? it basically means a corrugated sheet made of composite material, modeled with a "wave" profile.

Advantageously, this technical characteristic allows and guarantees the beam 1 to deform in an optimal manner.

In fact, the corrugated structure and/or the reticular structure 31 define a plurality of cavities? 35 in the intermediate layer 30 which facilitate the deformation of the beam 1 without excessively stressing its structure, essentially acting as a buffer against the mechanical stresses to which the beam 1 is subjected. subject.

In other words, the at least one intermediate layer 30 cooperates with the first and second layers 10, 20 in order to reduce the stiffness of beam 1 and in order to overall improve its response to structural stresses. The cavities? 35 also allow the beam 1 to be more? light.

Structurally, the intermediate layer 30 can? comprising two plates 32, 33 of substantially elongated sheet-like conformation and a central portion 34, placed between the two plates 32, 33.

According to the preferred embodiment, illustrated for exemplifying and therefore non-limiting purposes in Figure 1, the central portion 34 is made in such a way as to define the aforementioned reticular structure 31. In other words, the central portion 34 comprises a corrugated lamina which guarantees the presence of the cavities? 35 inside the intermediate layer 30.

Alternatively, the central portion 34 can be made in such a way as to define the aforementioned wave.

As illustrated for exemplifying and therefore non-limiting purposes in figure 1, the first layer 10, the second layer 20 and the intermediate layer 30 can be connected in such a way as to define an at least partially watertight conformation of the beam 1.

In other words, the first layer 10, the second layer 20 and the intermediate layer 30 have a respective curved profile which defines an arched beam 1. In particular, the first layer 10 can? define a radially external portion of the beam 1 while the second layer 20 can? define a radially internal portion of beam 1.

In other words, according to a preferred but not exclusive use of the beam 1, the beam 1 is operatively arranged in such a way as to present a stratification having a development direction substantially perpendicular to the ground and in such a way as to present the concavity facing towards the ground. The first layer 10 is therefore substantially in a higher operating position than the second layer 20.

Structurally, the first layer 10 comprises a first quantity of shingles while the second layer 20 comprises a second quantity? of clapboards.

Preferably, the second quantity? of shingles ? greater than the first quantity? of clapboards.

Advantageously, the greater number of slats of the second layer 20 allows the beam 1 to respond optimally to the mechanical stresses since, under stress, the second layer 20 is subjected to stress. more subject to a compression action.

Furthermore, structurally, the first layer 10 defines a first thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to the main direction of development of the beam 1 while the second layer 20 defines a second thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to the main direction of development of the beam 1.

Preferably, the second thickness? greater than the first thickness.

Advantageously, the greater thickness of the second layer 20 allows the beam to respond in an optimal way to mechanical stresses since, under stress, the second layer 20 is? more subject to a compression action.

Structurally, the beam 1 develops between a first end? 2 and a second end? 3.

According to a further aspect, the beam can comprising a constraint portion 4 able to constrain the beam 1 to an external structure ?E?. This portion of constraint 4 can? be placed at the first end? 2 of the beam 1. Alternatively, this portion of constraint 4 can? be placed at the second end? 3 of the beam 1. The portion of the constraint 4 pu? include a hinge 6.

This characteristic allows the beam 1 to be able to rotate with respect to the external structure ?E? in such a way as to distribute the mechanical stresses in a functional way along the axis of the beam 1 and in such a way as not to stress the constraint portion 4 itself.

The beam 1 can? include an additional constraint portion 5 arranged at the second end? 3 or the first end? 2 of beam 1. The additional constraint portion 5 can? comprises a respective hinge 7.

Another embodiment? illustrated by way of example and therefore not limiting in figure 2.

In this embodiment, the beam 1 has a substantially rectilinear shape.

The first layer 10 and the second layer 20 are made at least partially of composite material.

Is the intermediate layer 30 partially interposed between the first and second layers 10, 20 and ? made at least partially in laminated wood.

In this embodiment, the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 have the aforementioned reticular structure and/or the aforementioned corrugated structure.

Another embodiment? illustrated by way of example and therefore not limiting in figure 3.

In this embodiment, the beam 1 has a substantially rectilinear shape.

The first layer 10, the second layer 20 and the intermediate layer are made at least partially of laminated wood.

The beam 1 comprises a first additional layer 40 and a second additional layer 50.

The first additional layer 40 is at least partially interposed between the first layer 10 and the intermediate layer 30.

The second additional layer 50 is at least partially interposed between the intermediate layer 30 and the second layer 20.

According to further embodiments, not shown, the beam 1 can understand a plurality of additional layers. Preferably, layers made at least partially of composite material are alternated with layers made at least partially of laminated wood.

form also? object of the present invention is a building structure comprising one or more? of the aforementioned reinforced beams 1.

In the present description, with the expression ?building structure? you want to understand a supporting structure or more? simply a structure expressly intended to absorb the loads and external actions to which the product? subject during its service life.

In other words, with the expression ?building structure? we mean the frame or skeleton of an artifact.

With the term ?artifact? instead it means any building construction, such as for example industrial and/or residential buildings, bridges, and viaducts,

Furthermore, the use of the term ?manufactured? to indicate any artisanal and/or industrial construction comprising a resistant structure, such as a vehicle for example.

form also? object of the present invention a method for the production of a beam.

Preferably, this method is advantageously suitable for making a reinforced beam 1 as previously described.

The method comprises a step in which a first layer 10 made at least partially of wood is made.

The method comprises a step in which a second layer 20 made at least partially of wood is made.

The method comprises a step in which an intermediate layer 30 is made at least partially of composite material and having a reticular structure 31 and/or a corrugated structure.

The method then comprises a step in which the intermediate layer 30 is interposed between the first layer 10 and the second layer 20.

Finally, the method comprises a step in which the three layers 10, 20, 30 are stably constrained to each other by means of a connecting element so as to obtain a reinforced beam 1.

Advantageously, the present invention achieves the set objects. In particular, the present invention achieves the object of obtaining a reinforced beam capable of guaranteeing an excellent response to structural stresses, and in particular that of guaranteeing an improved elastic deformation.

This result is achieved by means of the lattice structure and/or corrugated structure of the intermediate layer. Indeed, thanks to the cavities? present in the intermediate layer and the mechanical characteristics of the composite material together with the mechanical characteristics of the laminated wood, the beam is able to respond optimally to the stresses deriving from structural loads and/or the action of external forces.

Claims (13)

1. Reinforced beam (1) including: - a first layer (10) and a second layer (20) made at least partially of laminated wood; - an intermediate layer (30) made at least partially of composite material; said intermediate layer (30) being at least partially interposed between said first layer (10) and said second layer (20); characterized in that said intermediate layer (30) has a reticular structure (31). The beam (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first layer (10), the second layer (20) and the intermediate layer (30) have a respective curved profile which defines an arched beam (1). 3. Beam (1) according to claim 2, wherein said first layer (10) comprises a first quantity of shingles and said second layer (20) comprises a second quantity? of shingles, called the second quantity? of shingles being greater than said first quantity? of clapboards. 4. Beam (1) according to claim 2 or 3, extending along a main direction of development; wherein said first layer (10) defines a first thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to said main direction of development; wherein said second layer (20) defines a second thickness along a direction at least partially perpendicular to said main direction of development; and in which said second thickness? greater than said first thickness. 5. Beam (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said first layer (10) defines a radially outer portion of said beam (1) and said second layer (20) defines a radially inner portion of said beam (1 ). 6. Beam (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, extending between a first end? (2) and a second extremity? (3); and comprising a constraint portion (4) able to constrain said beam (1) to an external structure (E), said constraint portion (4) being arranged at the first end? (2) of said beam (1). 7. Beam (1) according to claim 6, wherein said constraint portion (4, 5) comprises a hinge (6, 7). 8. Beam (1) according to claim 6 or 7, comprising an additional constraint portion (5) arranged at the second end? (3) of said beam (1); said additional constraint portion (5) comprises a respective hinge (7). 9. Beam (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said intermediate layer (30) is made of a composite material comprising a metal or polymeric-based matrix and a fibrous-based reinforcement. The beam (1) according to claim 9, wherein the metal or polymer based matrix includes synthetic resin and wherein the fibrous based reinforcement is selected from one or more of the following materials: - basalt fiber; - glass fiber; - carbon fiber; - aramid fibers; - vegetable fibres. 11. Beam (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said intermediate layer (30) comprises two plates (32, 33) and a central portion (34), interposed between said two plates (32, 33); said central portion (34) defining the reticular structure of said beam (1). 12. Building structure comprising one or more? beams (1) according to any one of the preceding claims from 1 to 11. 13. Method of manufacturing a reinforced beam (1), including the following steps: - making a first layer (10) at least partially of laminated wood; - creation of a second layer (20) at least partially in laminated wood; - making an intermediate layer (30) at least partially made of composite material and having a reticular structure and/or a corrugated structure (31); - positioning said intermediate layer (30) between the first layer (10) and the second layer (20); - stable connection of the first layer (10), of the second layer (20) and of the intermediate layer (30) through a connecting element.