IT202100002858A1 - APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING A CROSSING SPACE IN A REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBRANE - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

annexed to a patent application for INDUSTRIAL INVENTION having the title

APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING A SPACE OF

CROSSING INTO A MEMBERSHIP IN

REINFORCED CONCRETE

The present invention relates to an apparatus for obtaining, in a member of a building structure made of reinforced concrete with relative reinforcement, a space for at least one crossing and for suitably reinforcing the member locally affected by the crossing itself.

The supporting structure of a building in reinforced concrete? accomplished - how? well known - on the basis of a project which, approved by the authorities? competent, d? then there is an authorization to proceed with the material execution of the work.

The project as filed and approved does not always take into consideration all the various and particular needs of the specific construction, linked for example to certain particularities? emerged during the work and related to the pi? different needs? such as, for example, those pertaining to the construction services plant engineering, so that? in the concrete execution of the work not ? it is infrequent that it is necessary to implement variations with respect to the initial project.

Such an occurrence occurs, for example, in the case of piping networks which convey waste water to the sewage networks.

In the present case, for example, is it not? it is infrequent that system requirements and/or architectural constraints force the installation of certain sections of pipe in a crossing condition that interferes with some member element of the load-bearing structure.

Where this need? materializes, it is necessary to prepare a local interruption and/or a different arrangement of the reinforcing bars which are suitable for obtaining the spaces necessary to allow the crossing of the member by the pipe.

In addition to what has been said for the armor, ? it is also necessary to take into account that, as regards only the concrete component of the member section affected by the crossing, there is a decrease in the useful surface of the same with the formation of a discontinuity? of mass corresponding to the transit section of the pipe.

This state of affairs - if it hadn't been foreseen already? in the initial project phase - would it lead to the effective realization of a work that differs from the project forecasts, both as regards the capacity? of the structure to resist, and to deform locally under the load combinations assumed by the project itself.

In the event that adequate corrective measures are not taken, the structure actually built could reveal consequent and unexpected defects (such as cracks or cracks) which would reduce its value and, above all in the event of an earthquake, could show vulnerabilities? dangerous and such as to affect the same safety? physics of the inhabitants, as well as? the integrity some things.

As for the corrective measures to be taken, these should each time be the subject of a specific assessment, with possible plans and authorizations which inevitably involve additional costs and bureaucratic formalities which also lengthen the execution times of the work.

The above problem? far from infrequent, if you think that in 90% of construction sites started for residential use in Italy in 2019 identified the need? to pass pipes (often drain pipes with a minimum diameter of 110 mm) in beams ?at the thickness of the floor?, i.e. wide and low beams, with a standard height of 25/30 cm.

In this case, to allow the passage of the pipe, the beam concerned is substantially cut leaving a thin layer of concrete to cover the reinforcing bars.

The partialization of the local resistant section of the beam is found to be completely inadequate as regards the properties? residual mechanics of the beam itself in terms of strength and stiffness, which are greatly reduced, with all this? which follows in terms of static and dynamic strength, stiffness and deformability.

As for the plant system, it too is somehow penalized by the situation, since? the drain pipes, almost always in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic material, remaining in direct contact with the fresh concrete, during the curing phase of the same, can be damaged as a result of the reactivity? chemistry that occurs between their respective components. All of that? obviously affects both the crossings of vertical pipes interfering with the supporting structure, and above all the crossings of horizontal pipes in relation to which the deterioration of the properties? mechanical ? more relevant in virtue? more stringent size limitations.

Technical task of the present invention ? therefore that of providing a solution which prevents the occurrence of the problem highlighted above by eliminating the relative drawbacks from the outset.

Within the scope of this aim, the primary object of the present invention is that of proposing an apparatus to allow both to obtain the crossings necessary for example for service plant engineering and, at the same time, to compensate for the deterioration of the properties? mechanical characteristics of the member induced by the crossing by means of a local reinforcement of the member of the load-bearing structure such as to make it possible to establish in the member that can be crossed the internal states of tension and deformation as much as possible? close as possible to those foreseen by the initial project, or by the load conditions assumed therein, for the section, by the original project.

Such a solution makes it possible to overcome all the drawbacks of the prior art with the advantage of reproducing conditions that are structurally and functionally equivalent to those of the project which make the completed work fully compliant with all the expected safety and economic value requirements and which make it more ? the process of designing and approving the variants during construction was dispatched or even superfluous.

The invention according to the invention ? defined in the following claims.

The characteristics and advantages of the same will be made clear by the description of an embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, in which:

- figure 1 ? a three-dimensional perspective view of a first embodiment of the apparatus provided for crossing a reinforced concrete member of some vertical ducts;

- figure 2 ? is a three-dimensional perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus intended for traversing one or more? horizontal ducts;

- figure 3 ? a schematic, exemplary view of a structural member equipped with the apparatus shown in figures 1 and 2.

With reference to the figures of the attached drawings, an apparatus (1) is described for obtaining, in a member (2) of a building structure made of reinforced concrete with relative reinforcement, a space (4) for at least one crossing (for example of a plant type ) and to adequately reinforce the member (2) locally affected by said crossing.

Figures 1 and 2 show such an apparatus (1) which essentially comprises a shell-shaped body (6) which can be associated with a section of the member (2), which carries some ducts (5) placed side by side and oriented, transversely to the member (2 ), which together define said plant crossing space (4); and constraint means (10), carried by the shell-like body (6), which are arranged to constrain, for example by bilateral hooking, to the ducts (5), ends? (3a) of reinforcement bars (3) of the member (2).

From figures 1 and 2 it is observed, pi? in particular, that the ducts (5) are preferably implemented by as many pipes integral with the shell-like body (6).

Furthermore, each duct (5) ? provided with end portions (5a), which protrude from the outline of the shell-like body (6) towards the outside of the armor, protruding from it by no less than the covering thickness of the armor itself.

As regards the structure and shape of the shell-like body (6), it can be observed that it has a tubular shape, preferably a prismatic one with a rectangular outline.

In figure 3 it can be observed that the shell-shaped body (6) ? which can be associated with an envelope contour of the reinforcement bars (3) of the member (2) being able to restore in the section affected by the crossing, with its own presence and with its own interaction with the bars (3) of the member (2), even all the local resistance and stiffness characteristics which would have been present in the same cross section of member (2) if the crossing had been absent.

In fact, with reference to figure (3) ? possible to observe that with an appropriate choice of the constituent material and of the wall thickness of the shell-like body (6) it would be possible to give the local section of the member (2) (beam or pillar, whatever you prefer) the same surface resistant to axial, shearing , flexural etc. possessed by the bars (3) of armor, as well as? from concrete, according to their respective properties? pertaining to one and the other.

By operating in the same way, the shell-like body (6) could also be made to have a transversal section to member (2), shaped with a geometry of masses equivalent to the corresponding configuration of masses inside the resistant section of member (2) . In this way it is possible to give the member (2, lightened by the crossing, the same moments of inertia, or the same stiffnesses that would be typical of the member (2) intact in the initial project.

Such equivalences would allow the same, identical, design conditions to be restored in the section of the member affected by the crossing, also allowing them to be modulated according to need? both in terms of strength and in terms of stiffness, therefore not recognizing any need? to present a variant project during construction of the structure. As regards the constraint means (10), it can be seen from the figures that they include first through openings (6a), preferably constituted by circular holes and/or oblong slots, which pass through a lateral wall (7';7") of the body (6 ) shell-like.

Extremity? (3a) of reinforcement bars (3) of the member (2), suitably curved, are provided to be hookable to the openings (6a) themselves.

Once the shell-like body (6) is hooked by the reinforcement bars (3) of the member (2), the body (6) itself is submerged in the concrete casting in the fluid state, thus coming covered and incorporated stably in the part of member (2) involved in the crossing.

To favor the maximum filling of concrete, the shell-shaped body (6) comprises further second through openings (6b) which pass through its lateral walls (7';7"), which are distributed over the entire extension of said walls (7' ;7"), and which are shaped to facilitate the passage of the fluid concrete towards the inside of the shell-like body (6) during the casting phase.

The invention described above fully achieves the objects set forth above and in addition also achieves further advantages.

It is evident, in fact, that the possibility to perform plant crossings in certain sections of the member (2) without causing any impairment or discrepancy? of the properties? foreseen in the design phase, allows the further advantage of not having to implement constructive expedients to hide otherwise visible system elements, such as for example structurally unnecessary columns that occupy the floor area (which imply a reduction in the value of the work and consequent economic damage) or which generate technical volumes outside the work (not always compatible with building regulations or with the architectural aspect).

Another advantage of the apparatus ? that of avoiding that during the work it is given the opportunity to carry out (sometimes secretly) crossings of the load-bearing structure of the building without the due precautions or even worse with reinforcements out of calculation, often creating weak points without the knowledge of the client who finds himself having an artifact that does not meet the expected performance of the project.

In fact, the apparatus according to the invention allows the problem to be solved in a technically correct manner which complies with current legislation, restoring the same properties to the member (beam, pillar or septum element) crossed by a hole. that would have had if it had not been pierced, providing continuity? to the?structural element and all the ci? without resorting to limited solutions and full liability? of the site manager.

In particular, will re-established the ratio compressed section/stretch section with all of this? which follows: verification of deformability?, cracking, vibration, fatigue, ultimate limit states and prescriptions foreseen by the most? recent and updated Technical Standards for Buildings.

Last, but no less important advantage, resulting from the conformation of the crossing duct ? represented by the total physical separation between the PVC drain pipe? fluid concrete: which prevents the establishment of chemical reactions between one and the other potentially capable of deteriorating the drain pipe, with all that this entails for building construction.

The found what? conceived ? susceptible to evident industrial application; can? be otherwise? object of numerous modifications and variations, all falling within the scope of the following claims.

Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by technically equivalent elements.

Under this? last profile? to be noted in particular that Per ci? which concerns the means (10) of constraint, in addition to the most? described above, alternative forms are also possible which envisage, for example, fastening the bars (3) to the shell-like body (6) by means of relative welding, to be considered, depending on the circumstances, either as an alternative solution or as a supplementary solution to the hookup.

As regards the construction materials, the apparatus can? preferably be made of steel; however there? ? to be understood in an indicative and non-limiting sense since? nothing prevents you from adopting alternative materials as long as? have technical characteristics suitable for the purpose.

Claims (11)

1. Apparatus for obtaining, in a member (2) of a building structure made of concrete reinforced by relative armour, a space (4) for at least one crossing and correspondingly reinforcing the member (2) locally affected by said crossing, characterized by the fact comprising a shell-shaped body (6), which can be associated with a section of the member (2), which carries at least one duct (5), transversal to the member (2), which defines said crossing space (4); and means (10) for constraining said shell-like body (6), which are arranged to constrain bilaterally to said at least one conduit (5), end? (3a) of member reinforcement bars (3). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said shell-shaped body (6) is which can be associated with an envelope contour of the reinforcement bars (3) of the member (2). 3. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one duct (5) ? actuated by a tube integral with said shell-like body (6). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said tube is provided with end portions (5a), which protrude from the outline of the shell-like body (6) towards the outside of the armor, protruding from it to an extent at least equal to the covering thickness of the armor itself. 5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said shell-like body (6) has a tubular shape. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that said tubular shape is prismatic. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said shell-like body (6) has a transversal section to the member (2), which ? provided with strength equivalent to the strength of the corresponding cross-section of the reinforcement bars (3) without penetration. 8. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that said shell-like body (6) has a transversal section to the member (2), which is? shaped with mass geometry equivalent to the corresponding mass configuration of the corresponding resistant section of the member (2) without the crossing. 9. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the constraint means (10) include first through openings (6a) which pass through a side wall (7';7") of said shell-shaped body (6) and in which they engage corresponding end sections (3a) of reinforcing bars (3) of the member (2). 10. Apparatus, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said shell-shaped body (6) is submersible in the concrete casting in the fluid state during the casting phase. 11. Apparatus, according to 10, characterized in that said shell-shaped body (6) comprises second through openings (6b) which pass through a lateral wall (7';7") thereof and which are shaped to facilitate the passage of the fluid concrete during the casting phase.