IT202000032024A1 - SOCK OR SIMILAR INCLUDING A SOCK STRUCTURE WITH BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR FOOTBALL, CYCLING AND SIMILAR SPORTS - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION of the Industrial Invention entitled: ?Sock or similar comprising a sock structure with biomechanical effects particularly suitable for football, cycling and similar sports?.

DESCRIPTION TEXT

The invention relates to a sock or similar garment comprising

a foot portion and a quarter portion, the foot portion being intended to overlap a user's foot and the quarter portion being intended to overlap at least part or all of the leg portion up to below the knee;

the said sock presenting in one or more? areas of the surface extension of the same one or more? structural modification elements of at least one knit layer which forms the wall of said stocking, which elements are applied and/or incorporated and/or intertwined and/or incorporated to or in the structure of said knit or consist of particular types of weaving of the knitted fabric that makes up the sock.

Socks of this type are known in the state of the art. For example, the Japanese document JP2007175465 describes a stocking with a so-called ?taping? effect, i.e. a stocking on which ? applied at least one strip or an island of material in the form of a layer or sheet, having a pre-established shape, a pre-established extension, a pre-established position with respect to the anatomy of the foot and leg when the sock ? worn and pre-established characteristics of deformability? elastic, both in relation to the extension in one or more? directions, either relative to flexion or bending.

The taping technique provides for the application in the form of ribbons or islands of ribbon-like material. This type of tape? known as kinesio tape. Pi? commonly, the kinesio tape ? made of fibers from tightly woven cotton and nylon fibers. Said tape is applied to the skin in defined points according to the desired physiotherapy action by means of glues, for example acrylic glue, resistant to water so that adhesion to the body is guaranteed even in case of vigorous movements, perspiration and immersion total in water and without irritating the skin.

State of the art ? known to provide a sock of one or more? compression zones of corresponding zones of the leg and/or foot. Document US2017/0354543 describes a garment, and in particular a sock which has one or more sleeves distributed along its extension zones aimed at compressing the corresponding leg and/or foot area. In this executive example, the compression zones are formed by islands or bands of material that ? superimposed and/or woven and/or incorporated into the mesh that forms the sock and which has a different hardness and/or deformability? and/or extensibility? compared to the knit of the sock.

State of the art ? It is also known to produce a sock comprising coupled, woven, braided and/or incorporated non-slip material, in particular provided on the outer face of the sock material and intended to increase the friction between the sock and the shoe. Such a stocking ? known from document US2005/0144703.

In all these solutions known to the state of the art, the shape, dimensions and mechanical characteristics of the material which forms the support zones, the compression zones and the anti-slip zones, as well as the arrangements and distributions of these zones along the extension of the sock, isn't it ? made in a harmonized way with the biomechanics of the leg and foot and not ? aimed at synergistically assisting the movements of the foot which are typically performed in the performance of a specific activity, but each of these areas performs a specific function without the same being accorded to the function of the other areas in order to satisfy the biodynamic needs of the leg and of the foot. Furthermore, the compressions do not reflect the physiology of the venous return being mild at the level of the midfoot, more? intense at the ankle and again slightly more? low to calf level. In the invention in question, the midfoot receives more? pressure, the ankle is low and in the calf it increases again. This makes it possible to reduce the snare effect at the ankle level, to make good use of the venous pump of the foot and to compress the calf to bring blood to the heart, reflecting the principles of hemodynamics present in the human being.

This configuration of the structural modification elements of the sock separately for each anatomical part of the musculoskeletal structure without any relation to the movements typically performed within a specific activity, means that in many cases the effects of the single structural modification elements operate in contrast each other by reducing or compromising the biomechanical effect on the single element dedicated to the single anatomical detail and also possibly on the set of elements.

The biomechanics? that science that studies human movement and the mechanisms to optimize it, making it not only more? pleasant but healthy and free from the risk of injury.

The venous return and the general well-being of the body that originates from the function of the foot? primary interest in biomechanics, venous return? closely related to the lymphatic return, this ? ?the sweeper? of the body what? that system that eliminates waste due to our metabolism or those produced by physical exercise such as waste or oxidation elements. So recovery after a workout or a race is part of the foot but? It is also correct to say that health starts from the foot and its function.

The area of the body most? mistreated ? certainly that of the lower limbs and in particular our feet, of which we only remember when they are sore. actually? the foot ? much more of a simple anatomical structure that allows locomotion.

Despite appearances, in fact, the foot is not limited only to supporting the body weight in a vertical position. Its vascularization and relative innervation allow it to play an important physiological role, while its osteoarticular structure allows it to adapt to any situation of static or dynamic equilibrium. Can? be therefore? considered a real body that actively participates in its functions.

The venous plantar has an indispensable role in the venous system of the lower limbs. The blood pumped from the heart to the extremities distal parts of the body must subsequently go back despite many obstacles: the distance, which cancels the? Initial pressure effect at the level of the heart and the gravity? which tends to favor stagnation in the vessels more? away from the heart. The venous return instead? favored by the upright position which causes the contraction of the lower limbs, favoring a real massage of the veins. While walking, the compression of the plantar veins is added, which empty with each step. As evidence of what? the fact under the areas of support of the foot the color of the skin becomes white. There is a whole system of communication between the plantar veins and the dorsal veins, which facilitates venous return from the deep network.

because for? the lower limbs do not benefit from the direct thrust of a pulsating pump such as the heart, the venous return? realized mainly thanks to 2 structures:

- The venous insole of Lejars: the dynamic contraction of this structure favors the muscular pump action and therefore the return of blood to the upper districts. Is it for? of a ?bed? of very small capillaries that contains a quantity? of reduced blood, this ? placed in the foot.

- The Triangle of the Volta: an architectural structure, located in the most? deep of the foot, which contains the pi? important deep veins: the internal and external plantar veins. The squeezing of these veins, with each significant step and movement, represents the true peripheral heart and the most important vascular function of the foot, the triangle ? the area of the midfoot and the support of the first and fifth toes.

Does blood return to the heart by pressure gradient? from where c?? more pressure where there is? less. Standing we have a pressure in the Lejart's sole of 35 mm of Hg versus 0 mm of Hg of the heart.

venous return? the retrograde flow that returns blood to the heart. Under resting conditions, venous return must equal cardiac output, why? the cardiovascular system? essentially a closed circuit. Otherwise, blood would accumulate either in the systemic circulation or in the pulmonary circulation; Although cardiac output and venous return are interdependent, each can be adjusted independently. The circulatory system? in fact, it consists of the two circulations (pulmonary and systemic) placed in series between the right ventricle (RV) and the left ventricle (LV). The balance ? achieved, in large part, by Frank Starling's law. In hemodynamics, venous return to the heart from the venous vascular bed located in the midfoot is determined by a pressure gradient (venous pressure right atrial pressure) and venous resistance: in fact, a decrease in right atrial pressure or venous resistance will lead? to an increase in venous return, except when the changes are determined by posture. Could it be equally well said that the venous return? determined from the mean aortic pressure the mean right atrial pressure, divided by the systemic vascular resistance. systemic. Some physiologists to clarify the somewhat confused picture of the terms used to define venous return, correlate it to the most common influences? measurable cardiac output, such as pressure and end-diastolic volume which are in turn influenced by the state of the volume, the capacity? venous, ventricular compliance and venodilating therapies.

As it appears from what has been described above, the solutions currently present in the state of the art do not fully satisfy the needs? biomechanics of the foot and leg, each of these being configured to perform functionalities? biomechanics at a generic level, without considering the specificity? of biomechanical behavior in the execution of activities? specifications, such as specific sports that provide particular modalities? foot and leg strain.

The invention sets out to produce a garment and in particular a sock which, thanks to relatively simple and easily feasible expedients, provides improved support for all the functionalities of the garment. biomechanics related to the foot and leg, allowing to create garments and in particular socks that favor the biomechanics of the leg and foot in specific conditions of stress, such as for example in the execution of activities? specific sports.

The above for the purpose, on the one hand, of avoiding the negative effects due to incorrect or intense stress on the foot and leg both from a musculoskeletal and circulatory and neurological point of view and on the other hand, to operate in support for all features? of the foot and leg in particular related to proprioception, to the optimization of the stresses on the muscles and tendons and to the circulatory and neurological functions and therefore transforming the activity? physics in a mechanism that generates a beneficial activity? healing.

Another purpose of the present invention ? therefore that of facilitating these movements of the foot and their dynamic action from the point of view of walking and the transmission of forces, integrating the foot itself with the shoe in relation to the dynamics of the foot, improving both the efficiency of the transmission of forces and better guiding the movements of the foot and uniting the foot with the shoe.

The invention solves the problem posed with a garment, in particular with a sock comprising a foot part and a leg part,

- the foot part being intended to overlap the foot of a user and the quarter part being intended to overlap at least a part or the whole part of the leg up to below the knee;

- the said sock presenting in one or more? areas of the surface extension of the same one or more? structural modification elements of at least one knit layer which forms the wall of said stocking, which elements are applied and/or incorporated and/or intertwined and/or incorporated to or in the structure of said knit or consist of particular types of weaving of the knitted fabric that makes up the sock and in which:

at least part of the modification elements of the sock structure consist of one or more? elements applied to the wall of the sock and which are distributed along different areas of the sock itself intended to overlap, when worn, on anatomical parts of the foot having specific functions and which elements present alternatively or together and in combination, with reference to the specific area, an element of support or support of the anatomical part and/or an element to increase the friction between the sock and the shoe and/or the sock and the foot in order to exert a stabilizing action on the relative position between the foot and the shoe during the? execution of push actions and/or to support the function of other anatomical parts of the foot in carrying out the typical movements of the foot.

In particular, said at least part of the structural modification elements are applied in the form of a layer of material having a predetermined extension on the surface of the knitted fabric of the sock and a predetermined position on the surface of the knitted fabric of the sock, said layer of material having a pre-established thickness corresponding to the mechanical characteristics of the material itself and its function.

In one embodiment, these applied elements and also these elements consisting of different types of weaves of the mesh forming the material of the sock are in the form of localized thickening of the wall of the sock, either due to an overlapping of an element applied on the wall of the material of the sock and in the form of a variation of the weave of the mesh of the wall of the sock.

So, according to an embodiment, the element applied to the sock is? made up of a non-slip element, that is? an element having increased friction with respect to the textile material of the sock relative to the material of the shoe with which it interacts. in contact, and the said element with anti-slip function extends from? of the first toe up along part or all of the first metatarsal, or up to the root of the same.

According to a further embodiment, said element applied to the stocking extends in the region of the plantar arch and/or of the metatarsal heads and has a non-slip function.

n an executive form, which can? provided alternatively or in combination with the previous embodiment, the sock has an element applied in the area of the arch of the plant and made up of a layer of material with the function of mechanical support of the arch.

A further embodiment that can? provided alternatively or in any combination with the previous embodiments, provides that the sock has an element of thermoplastic material or PVC or silicone applied to the material of the sock and which extends in the area intended to overlap the area of the roots of the heads metatarsals.

According to a further embodiment that can? being provided alternatively or in any combination with the previous embodiments, the sock has an element applied to the material of the sock with a circular or spiral shape in the area of the pivot point of the foot, which element ? intended to have an anti-slip function.

A further alternative embodiment or that can? be expected in combination with one or more? any of the previous embodiments, the sock has elements applied to the sock in the area intended to overlap the root of the fifth metatarsal and the first metatarsal, which elements are made up of layers of material having different thicknesses.

Yet another embodiment can? provide alternatively or in any combination or sub-combination with one or more? of the previous embodiments provides a stocking with an element applied in the area of the stocking intended to overlap the area of the ankle, said element constituting a reinforcing element for stabilizing the ankle.

Alternatively or in combination with one or more? of the previous characteristics the element of structural modification ? consisting of a band or band of pre-established thickness and pre-established width (i.e. extension in the lateral direction of the foot) which extends over the heel part and optionally extends along the leg part in such a way as to overlap the heel of the wearer stocking and at least partially to the calf area and/or the Achilles tendon area.

Alternatively, this element for structural modification of the sock has a length such as to overlap the area of the calf, possibly extending as far as below the knee, optionally without solution of continuity.

In one embodiment, said extension of the element in correspondence with the calf area is divided into two branches which each diverge towards the corresponding lateral area of the leg.

In a non-limiting embodiment, the two extension branches of said element after the bifurcation extend respectively upwards and so as to follow the conformation of the calf muscles, i.e. in particular so that one branch of the bifurcation is located at the medial twin muscle and the other branch at the level of the lateral twin muscle.

In an executive variant, the leg? of the type corresponding to that of the so-called ?American stocking?, in which the leg ends in the lower initial area of the calf, i.e. the root of the Achilles tendon and does not extend so as to cover the calf itself, in this case, the said element thickening extends along said quarter for substantially the entire length of the same, or up to the root of the Achilles tendon.

One embodiment provides that said element for modifying the wall of the sock, or for thickening it, consists of a continuous band or strip of material having a predetermined width and a predetermined thickness, and which band of material extends preferably seamlessly of continuity from? end? front of the vault of the foot, that is? the end? towards the metatarsals, up to the extremity? opposite and in particular to the extremities? of the two branches of the bifurcation when said thickening element extends up to and along the calf area.

In one embodiment such band or strip ? made from a layer of material of greater rigidity? and such as to generate a support function similar to the so-called kinesiotape.

In the aforementioned case, therefore, said element for modifying the wall of the sock or for thickening it extends along substantially the entire vault of the foot, around the heel and beyond at the insertion zone of the Achilles tendon and possibly further up to the area of the calf and as indicated in one of the previous embodiments also along the calf itself.

According to one embodiment, said thickening element ? implemented substantially as described in the previous document PCT/IB2019/060212.

In one embodiment, the thickening element according to the present invention is formed by a band or strip of material associated with the mesh wall of the sock in the area intended to overlap the previously described anatomical districts, i.e. vault of the foot, or insole of Lejart and/or triangle of the vault, area of insertion of the Achilles tendon and possibly the calf, the material of which band has an extensibility? less than the extensibility? of the remaining wall of the sock.

According to yet another characteristic, the said band or strip? made of plastic material, preferably silicone and especially silicone with memory or other elastically flexible and/or deformable material preferably provided with shape memory. Other possible materials are made of polyurethane, PVC, or a fabric.

Advantageously, said band or strip of material which constitutes the element for modifying the wall of the sock and/or the thickening element are applied to the outside of the knitted fabric which forms the wall of the sock.

Still according to a characteristic the overall width of the band or strip? between 1 cm and 8 cm, more? preferably between 2cm and 6cm to ensure proper support and support to the ankle joints and its soft tissues.

Preferably each support strip has a thickness of at least 50 µm to ensure optimal support, without being too rigid at the same time.

How will it look? with more detail in the following description, in combination with one or more? of the previous forms and executive variants, the knitted fabric wall of the stocking can? be in an elasticated fabric and/or have various knit processes to obtain a compression effect, preferably graduated compression. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fabric can present different types of weaves that modify the thickness and/or the rigidity? in particular with reference to its extensibility? and to the shape memory, i.e. to the elastic return force in the condition not subjected to extension tension.

According to yet another characteristic, to obtain a transpiring effect, the thickening element, i.e. the band or strip of material can? have a perforated or micro-perforated structure which allows for correct transpiration. These holes or micro-holes can be provided in the material of the band or strip which forms the thickening element and possibly also in the fabric wall of the sock.

Still according to an embodiment, the sock ? of the tubular type and ? therefore missing a preformed area of the sock corresponding to the heel.

Obviously in any combination or sub-combination with one or more? of the embodiments described here, the sock can? also be of the traditional type or provided with a shape which provides for a housing extension of the heel part, ie a part anatomically adapted to the foot and from which a part anatomically adapted to the leg departs at a predetermined angle.

According to a further embodiment, the aforementioned thickening element, or the band or strip that constitutes it, can be provided with at least one lateral extension towards the inner side of the foot and in correspondence with the plantar arch area. A variant embodiment provides that this lateral extension is provided in the median area of the longitudinal extension of the plantar arch.

This extension can present a different or identical thickness to that of the remaining part of the thickening element and/or can? also optionally be made of an identical or different material.

In a further embodiment that pu? be expected in combination with one or more? of the previous embodiments and variants, the said thickening element ? provided with at least one lateral extension towards the outer side of the foot.

A variant embodiment provides that said extension is provided substantially coinciding with the root of the fifth metatarsal and/or in a substantially opposite position and possibly substantially aligned according to a lateral axis of the foot.

Thanks to the above characteristics, the stocking according to the present invention allows to maximize the localized compression on the Lejart insole and on the triangle of the vault, improving the effect on circulation.

Thanks to its mechanical characteristics, the thickening element also gives in combination an effect similar to that of the so-called ?taping? or ?elastic therapeutic tape? otherwise also referred to as Kinesiotape. (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_therapeutic_tap and; https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taping ).

In particular, the taping effect gives protection to the plantar aponeurosis and stimulates it upwards, increasing the squeezing effect of the vault itself.

When ? foreseen the aforementioned extension on the inner side of the foot, a further support of the plantar arch is generated, while when is it? foreseen the aforementioned internal extension of the foot, a support effect is generated for the root of the V metatarsal.

The thickening element in correspondence with the Achilles tendon insertion area performs the advantageous function of minimizing the vibrations due to the contact of the foot with the ground. In one embodiment, that of football, this guarantees an initial protection from the traumas suffered in the game in the rear part of the limb in correspondence with the Achilles tendon.

In another embodiment, cycling, the rear thickening which reaches up to the calf, kept in tension by the sock itself, massages the tendon and supplies the cyclist with proprioceptive information on the movement of the ankle, optimizing the pedaling technique.

In one embodiment, that of cycling, the thickening in correspondence with the metatarsal heads optimizes the athlete's thrust on the pedal.

As is evident from the above, in combination with one or more? of the previous embodiments, the part of fabric which forms the wall of the sock is associated with further elements for modifying the structure of said wall which are distributed according to a pre-established pattern and which have different effects for the purpose of reproducing and therefore following the helical movement breech foot during running and walking.

The use of this screen-printed technology as well as producing thickening can generate a stabilizing effect on the foot in the shoe, avoiding movement inside the shoe.

This principle opens up the possibility to build shoes with less invasive fastening as the shoe is kept in place by the technology present in the invention and subject of this patent application.

Thanks to the features more? described above according to the different variants that can be provided alternatively or in any combination, the sock according to the present invention precisely harmonizes the different conditions for optimizing the biomechanical functions of the foot and leg, in particular for those who want practice sports both at an amateur and professional level. In fact, the aforementioned characteristics favor physical exercise itself, preserving as much energy as possible. body structures as possible.

The sock according to the present invention produces multiple benefits during use during physical exercise:

Improved localized compression on the LEJART insole resulting in:

1) better muscle oxygenation and recovery more? quick;

2) less muscle fatigue and pain typical of effort;

3) increase in muscle power;

4) better resistance;

5) reduction of muscle fiber injury risk;

Anti-slip function:

1) less slippage of the foot in the shoe; 2) increased proprioception with the road surface;

3) lower risk of sprains;

4) greater awareness of stability;

5) better thrust in running and walking;

?taping? function and shimming:

1) increased squeezing also in the calf area and greater muscle oxygenation;

2) reduction of the vibrations with consequent less possibility? of inflammation of the Achilles tendon;

3) decreased calf fatigue; 4) less possibility? of fall of 5? metatarsal, and improved posture while running;

5) protection from vibrations due to contact with the ground and therefore protection against micro-traumas;

6) increased grip on the back of the shoe and therefore increased stability? while running;

7) relief of the Achilles tendon with reduction of effort during the race

8) thicknesses of the thickening and non-slip areas distributed on the sole of the foot and such as to reproduce the breech helix thus favoring the movement of the foot during the race and thus creating? a handling aid and therefore an improvement in performance;

Applications of thickening elements and/or non-slip material by screen printing on the outer side of the knitted fabric of the sock:

1) thanks to the external applications, no thread or layer of material extends inside the sock and therefore the possibilities are reduced of blistering;

2) thanks to the external applications it generates a stocking more? light resulting in less sweating of the foot, consequently decreasing the possibility? of skin maceration effects;

3) the prediction of the non-slip silk-screened areas on the dorsal part and in the vicinity? of the ankle optimizes the grip with the shoe by preventing the sock from rolling and the consequent loss of the improving functions.

The various thickening elements and areas of non-slip material are applied as pi? described above and associating at least one strip, band or points of material to an area of the external surface of the tubular body by means of molding and/or gluing, application, hot application, screen printing.

Advantageously, the stocking can be constructed with any method and with the aid of any device which allows to obtain a substantially tubular body, in which the tubular body in one embodiment is foreseen the use of a so-called GREEN fabric that is? to protect the environment, for example a fabric made from recycled bottles.

When seams are provided, such as for example in the closing area of the toe part, these are in the form of external and in particular reinforcing seams for a better life of the product and above all to avoid the creation of blisters on the toes.

Still according to a further embodiment that can? be provided in any combination with one or more? of the previous characteristics, the fabric of the sock can? be made of a light fabric with side openings to improve the escape of perspiration.

With reference to the above which allows you to configure a sock in a biodynamic way harmonized with the movements of the foot required for the execution of a specific activity? which provides for running, sudden and rapid accelerations and sudden and rapid decelerations and rapid and sudden changes of direction with a specific combination of said elements for structural modification of the part of the sock. Such activities? they are for example the sport of football and by analogy tennis, basketball, rugby, padle or other sports that require rapid and sudden changes of direction.

In this embodiment, the sheath has in combination the following structural modification elements of the sheath wall:

a non-slip modification element with increased grip function between sock and shoe which element extends up to the area of the first metatarsal in order to guarantee optimization of the thrust and acceleration due to the first toe;

an element of a non-slip modification element with increased grip function between sock and shoe which element extends in the region of the sole of the foot for protection against falling of the plantar arch and of the metatarsal heads;

a modification element consisting of a layer applied by screen printing having a circular or spiral shape centered with the pivot or rotation point of the foot and of non-slip material to increase the grip between the sock and the shoe during the change of direction;

a modification element with the function of generating plantar compression;

elements of differentiated thickness in the area of the root of the first and fifth metatarsal which ? made up of material applied by screen printing as the thickness of the two zones is differentiated so as to favor the breech helix; a modification of the weaving of the knit and an element applied by screen printing to the ankle area to generate a stabilizing and massaging function of the same;

a thickening element that extends in the Achilles tendon and/or calf area by means of a kinesiotape effect for functional support? of the soleus and a tendon protector;

an element applied by screen printing on the back of the sock at the level of the tibia and/or the instep provided externally and/or internally by the wall of the sock and which ? made of material with an increased friction coefficient to increase the grip of the stocking relative to the leg and/or relative to a shin guard that can be inserted between the leg and the stocking.

As for the executive form pi? described above, the following advantages are obtained:

? The non-slip up to the first metatarsal, and up to the first toe which is? the push and acceleration finger allows the first toe to be kept in position in the shoe and also prevents the formation of hallux valgus; ? The non-slip grip on the sole of the foot protects the plantar arch and metatarsal heads from falling which cause muscle injuries;

? the spiral serigraphy in the area of the pivot point of the foot offers a good grip when the foot in the change of direction rests mainly in this area;

? Plantar compression improves and optimizes venous return, and this not only facilitates the movement. the exchange of metabolic waste during training but brings more? oxygen to the muscles, increasing performance from a metabolic point of view. Furthermore, this virtuous aid to venous/arterial circulation? a preventive factor against fatigue and accidents;

? the serigraphy with different thicknesses in correspondence with the root of the V metatarsus and the I metatarsus favors the development of the podalic helix and thus facilitates? the physiological movement of the foot in running; ? the serigraphy at the ankle level stabilizes it and delicately determines a massage;

? the kinesiotape screen printing stabilizes the calf and the Achilles tendon during the run, avoiding the annoying problems known in this area. It supports the work of the soleus by preventing injuries. In case of direct trauma to the tendon, it offers greater protection than any other stocking;

? the dorsal serigraphy (also present on the inside of the sock at shin level) stabilizes the athlete's shoe and any corresponding shin guard on the leg, optimizing movements and increasing the protective effect of the shin guard itself. It also protects the tibia from trauma.

According to an alternative variant, the sock according to the present invention has a combination of different elements for modifying and/or thickening the fabric wall of the knit according to one or more? of the variants described above, which are combined with each other in order to optimize the sock for use in cycling.

In this embodiment, the sheath has in combination the following structural modification elements of the sheath wall:

a modification element with an anti-slip or increased grip function with respect to the material of the shoe, consisting of a layer of material with a higher coefficient of friction with respect to the knitted fabric of the sock which element extends over the entire sole of the foot and it gives a thrust optimization function avoiding dissipation of force transmission due to slipping between foot and shoe;

a bearing element of thermoplastic material in the area of the roots of the metatarsal heads which ? coinciding with the position of the cleats of the shoes and which protects said heads and improves the thrust of the foot on the pedal;

a material modification element with increased coefficient of friction towards the shoe with respect to the coefficient of the material of the knitted fabric of the sock which element extends in the region of the first metatarsal;

a compression element in the midfoot area consisting of a band of material applied externally to the fabric wall of the sock; a modification element for arch support applied by screen printing in the arch area;

a thickening element that extends in the Achilles tendon and/or calf area by means of a kinesiotape effect for functional support? of the soleus and a tendon protector; an element applied by screen printing on the back of the sock which? made of material with increased friction coefficient to increase the grip of the sock relative to the shoe to increase the grip between the sock and the shoe and optimize the transmission of thrust.

With regard to the embodiment described above, the following advantages are obtained:

? The non-slip grip on the entire sole of the foot optimizes thrust, prevents annoying slipping between foot and shoe, prevents the cyclist from having to tighten the shoe too much, creating annoying compressions and paresthesias in the foot;

? the thermoplastic or PVC and/or silicone support, silk-screened in the thrust area, the cio? in the area of the roots of the metatarsal heads, which corresponds to the positioning of the cleats, protects the heads themselves and improves the thrust of the foot on the pedal. This guarantees an increase in power expressed with each pedal stroke;

? the non-slip grip for optimizing the push extended up to the first metatarsal plays an important role in the biomechanics of the push even when cycling;

? the compression, in particular of about 21 mm of Hg in the midfoot area, allows for an improvement in venous return even when cycling, and therefore maintaining a good cardiac output. Consequently, the metabolic system is not? forced to raise their heart rate and this allows those who are bradycardic to maintain their advantages;

? the screen-printed arch support system allows for the elastic reuse of the foot structures in the push, improving the expression of power;

? the tape effect on the heel and Achilles tendon, and which continues around the heel, wrapping it up to the calf, also has beneficial effects in cycling. In cycling, in fact, the use of the ankle in flexion and extension? very important during the ride. Our system works as a proprioceptive means by informing the subject of his movements in this area, furthermore the elastic movement of the system itself gently massages the area;

? the non-slip grip on the dorsal area of the foot fixes the shoe dorsally, thus optimizing the athlete's expression of strength and thrust. From the above it is clear for the two specific embodiments that the appropriate choice and configuration of the various areas of application and of the various typologies of element for modifying the structure of the wall of the sock generate, when suitably chosen according to biomechanical criteria, a combination of synergistic effects which on the one hand they protect the limb itself from stress, avoiding damage and on the other hand they promote the dynamics of the limb, ie? of the foot and the transmission of force through the sock and the shoe, without loss of power. It is evident how the particular combination optimizes all the biodynamic conditions.

With reference to the above, as regards the materials for the various modification elements, these can consist of any material suitable for the purpose and applicable according to one of the possible variants described below. In particular, thermoplastic materials and/or silicone polymers and/or plastic materials such as PVC or the like can be provided. Using an application method such as screen printing, the material that makes up one or more of the elements of modification according to one or more? of the embodiments described, ? preferably a material that pu? be brought into the liquid phase for its application, both thanks to solvents that evaporate, both material and ? intended to solidify by means of photonic energy irradiation, or by means of material which is brought into the liquid phase by heating.

As an alternative to the print application method, ? It is possible to envisage applications such as hot lamination or by transfer of a material previously applied to a support.

As regards the type of sport to which the socks are dedicated according to the executive examples described, the list provided? to be considered non-limiting, but the socks according to one or more? of the caries described can be used to optimize the biodynamic behavior of the foot also in other sports, among which, for example, golf.

Furthermore, the inventive teaching allows to verify the biodynamic behavior of the foot in any type of sport and to produce a sock adapted to said type of sport according to the principles of the present invention and using as elements freely distributable in alternative positions and/or at least partially coincident of the knitted fabric of the sock the different modification elements described and claimed.

The invention will result more clearly from the following description of some executive, non-limiting examples illustrated in the attached figures, in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 show an executive example of a pair of stockings right and left and respectively rear and front view of the type without heel and configured in a particular way for sports which require rapid changes of direction.

fig. 3 shows a view of a left sock and respectively of the front and rear side of said sock in the worn condition.

Fig. 4 to 7 show in different views the various details of structural modification elements of the knitted fabric wall of the sock according to the previous figures.

fig. 8 and fig.9 show similarly to figures 1 and 2 a sock according to an embodiment particularly suitable for use in cycling.

Figure 10 shows the sock according to figures 8 and 9 in the worn condition similar to figure 3.

Figures 11 to 13 show different details of the sock according to figures 8 to 10.

The two illustrated embodiments are not to be considered as limiting the protective scope, but show how the inventive concept can be applied in the context of two different specific applications to demonstrate the extreme adaptability of the expedients and of the inventive teaching described and claimed.

Following the same biomechanical principle as in the illustrated examples ? possible to generate executive variants suitable for use in other specific conditions.

In figures 1 and 2 ? shown a pair of stockings according to the present invention respectively from the side corresponding to the front side of the foot and of the leg and from that corresponding to the rear/lower side of the foot and of the leg and in the unworn condition of the stocking.

Without constituting any limitation to the inventive concept, the socks illustrated are of the so-called tubular or heelless type and in figures 1 and 2 they are shown in the flattened condition, i.e. in the flat condition. with the back side and the front side of the sock arranged in the same plane and in contact with each other.

Figure 1 shows the back side of the stocking ie? the one intended to overlap the sole of the foot to the heel and the back side of the leg, cio? Achilles tendon and calf. Figure 1 shows the right and left sock side by side.

As is evident on the extension of the wall of the stocking made up of the knitted fabric, areas are created which are also highlighted by graphic effects consisting of elements in the form of stripes or dots or areas with other shapes, which areas are provided with an element of modification of the mechanical characteristics of the knitted wall of the sock and in which the modification element can? be a reported element, for example applied by various ways in the form of a layer of material superimposed on the knitted fabric of the sock or also said element ? consisting of a variation of the type of knitted weave of the corresponding area.

The various elements provided in combination with each other and having different functions? of modification of the knitted fabric that forms the sock, as well as? different distributions are shown in greater detail in figures 3 to 7 where the stocking of figures 1 and 2 ? shown in worn condition on a mannequin. In figures 4 to 7, the various zones are inscribed or highlighted by a rectangular or round frame.

With 1 ? indicated an element of modification that ? expected to coincide in the area of the first metatarsal and which extends towards the sole of the foot and which element of modification? consists of a layer of material having functionality? of increased friction compared to the material of the shoe.

According to a feature, the said layer ? applied to the external surface of the stocking cio? the one facing the shoe.

According to a further feature, said layer can extend seamlessly? in the area of the first metatarsal and/or up to the said area of the first metatarsal or pu? be distributed in delimited areas if separated from each other, cio? can? be applied in a discontinuous way on the surface of the knitted fabric of the sock in the area of the same intended to overlap said anatomical area.

An element consisting of a continuous or discontinuous layer of material with increased friction can? also be expected to coincide with the part of the sock that ? intended to overlap the sole of the foot as indicated by 2 and 3. These elements can be separated from element 1 more? described above or only one of these elements or both are connected to element 1 being parts of a single continuous or discontinuous layer of the same material.

According to yet another characteristic, does the stocking according to this executive example have a modification element which? consists of a layer of spiral-shaped material that is expected to coincide with the so-called pivot point of the foot, the cio? with the point of rotation of the foot in the execution of changes of direction. Etto element? indicated by the reference number 4. In this point the foot exerts a support action during changes of direction.

This spiral-shaped element, ? made up of a layer of material with a high coefficient of friction with the shoe to increase the grip between the sock and the shoe.

According to one embodiment, such a spiral-shaped layer of material is applied by a screen printing process.

The illustrated example ? relating to an embodiment of the sock specifically configured to optimize the biomechanical behavior in the context of an activity? requiring frequent and rapid changes of direction, such as in football, tennis, rugby or basketball or other similar sports.

In relation to the modification elements 1, 2, 3 and 4, these areas consist of material with a high friction coefficient, preferably applied by a silk-screen process to the knitted fabric of the sock. The said material can be selected for example from materials such as rubber, silicone or similar plastic materials.

According to yet another characteristic, the sock has a thickening element in the form of a band or band of material, preferably applied by screen printing and indicated by 5, has a predetermined width and a predetermined thickness, and said band of material extends preferably without continuity solution? from? end? front of the vault of the foot, that is? the end? towards the metatarsals, up to the extremity? opposite crossing the entire vault of the foot, passing around the heel and at the insertion area of the Achilles tendon and reaching beyond the calf area.

In this case, the thickening element according to the present invention is formed by a band or strip of material associated with the mesh wall of the sock in the area intended to overlap the previously described anatomical districts, i.e. vault of the foot, or insole of Lejart and/or triangle of the vault, area of insertion of the Achilles tendon and possibly the calf, the material of which band has an extensibility? less than the extensibility? of the remaining wall of the sock.

According to yet another characteristic, the said band or strip? made of plastic material, preferably silicone and especially silicone with memory or other elastically flexible and/or deformable material preferably provided with shape memory. Other possible materials are made of polyurethane, PVC, or a fabric.

Still according to a characteristic the overall width of the band or strip? between 1 cm and 8 cm, more? preferably between 2cm and 6cm to ensure proper support and support to the ankle joints and its soft tissues. Preferably each support strip has a thickness of at least 50 µm to ensure optimal support, without being too rigid at the same time. By way of example and not in limitation, the thickness of the said band can vary from about a mm to a few tens of microns and ? preferably between 30 and 70 micrometres, in particular of about 50 micrometres.

The illustrated sock can be made as already? described more above using any known manufacturing process or that will be? developed in the future.

In a non-limiting but preferred way, in the illustrated embodiment, the sock ? made in the form of a tubular garment, that is? without a pre-shaping in the unworn condition of the heel part.

According to yet another characteristic, to obtain a transpiring effect, the thickening element, i.e. the band or strip of material can? have a perforated or micro-perforated structure which allows for correct transpiration.

These holes or micro-holes can be provided in the material of the band or strip which forms the thickening element and possibly also in the fabric wall of the sock.

According to a further embodiment, the aforementioned thickening element, or the band or strip that constitutes it, can be provided with at least one lateral extension 51 towards the inner side of the foot and in correspondence with the area of the plantar arch. A variant embodiment provides that this lateral extension is provided in the median area of the longitudinal extension of the plantar arch.

This extension can present a different or identical thickness to that of the remaining part of the thickening element and/or can? also optionally be made of an identical or different material.

In a further embodiment that pu? be expected in combination with one or more? of the previous embodiments and variants, the said thickening element ? provided with at least one lateral extension towards the outer side of the foot indicated by 52.

A variant embodiment provides that said extension is provided substantially coinciding with the root of the fifth metatarsal and/or in a substantially opposite position and possibly substantially aligned according to a lateral axis of the foot.

Thanks to the above characteristics, the stocking according to the present invention allows to maximize the localized compression on the Lejart insole and on the triangle of the vault, improving the effect on circulation.

Thanks to its mechanical characteristics, the thickening element also gives in combination an effect similar to that of the so-called ?taping? or ?elastic therapeutic tape? otherwise also referred to as Kinesiotape. (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_therapeutic_tap and; https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taping ).

In particular, the taping effect gives protection to the plantar aponeurosis and stimulates it upwards, increasing the squeezing effect of the vault itself.

The aforementioned extension 51 on the inner side of the foot generates a further support of the plantar arch, while the aforementioned extension 52 on the inner side of the foot generates a support effect on the root of the fifth metatarsal.

The thickening element in correspondence with the Achilles tendon insertion area performs the advantageous function of minimizing the vibrations due to the contact of the foot with the ground. In addition, the thickening modification element with kinesiotape effect stabilizes the calf and Achilles tendon during running, avoiding the annoying problems known in this area. It supports the work of the soleus by preventing injuries. In case of direct trauma to the tendon, it offers greater protection than any other stocking.

AND? it should be noted that the aforementioned elements with different functions and obtained by application by screen printing can overlap each other as appears from the figure since the area of adhesion of the thickening element with kinesiotape function coincides in the area of the plantar arch with a modification element with non-slip what? formed by the oblique transverse bands.

Furthermore, the elements described above 2 and 3 occupy areas side by side at the end? of said thickening element 5 in the area of the arch of the foot.

In correspondence with the area of the fifth metatarsal, and in lateral opposition, that is? on the opposite side of the foot? a further modification element 6 is provided which has the function of supporting the fifth metatarsal, of providing for an action of increasing the grip towards the shoe and of providing for a localized thickening in said region of the fifth metatarsal.

In this case, the thickness of said element 6 ? different from that of the element on the opposite side 4 and the said difference ? configured to differentiate the shimming in correspondence of the fifth and first metatarsus, generating an effect of favoring the development of the breech helix.

According to yet another characteristic, in correspondence with the ankle area and as shown in greater detail in figure 5, ? foreseen a further element of modification of the dynamic behavior of the sock which ? in the form of a layer of screen-printed material, possibly combined with a different weave of the knitted fabric of the sock. This element indicated by 7 generates a compression and an elastic action of localized tightening which stabilizes the ankle and has a massaging effect during movement.

As shown in figures 2, 3 and 7, in the front part of the sock intended to overlap the back of the foot and the shin and tibia area, the sock has a further modification element which is? consisting of a layer of material with a high coefficient of friction in order to generate an increased grip effect between sock and shoe.

Said element indicated with 8 ? applied to areas adjacent to each other and according to a design that introduces discontinuity? in said layer of material and which in this embodiment have an inverted V-like shape. Another similar element? expected on the back of the foot and ? indicated with 9.

Advantageously in the tibial area where? expected element 8, this pu? be applied advantageously also or only on the inner side of the stocking, that is? the side in contact with the leg itself and has the function of increasing the grip against a shin guard.

These shin guards are known in the state of the art and consist of rigid, semi-rigid or compressible material having a predetermined thickness intended to be inserted inside the sock being held in position by the elasticity same as the stocking.

In order to effectively maintain the position during running, it is advantageous to provide said element 8 on the inner face of the sock, i.e. the one facing the leg with a material which has a higher coefficient of friction with respect to the material typically used for shin guards in their different embodiments. These are normally made up of a plastic material which ? configured according to a concept of optimization between mechanical resistance to impact and deformability? elastic, that is? flexibility? to be able to adapt to the anatomy of the leg.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, in combination with one or more? of the previous characteristics, the stocking ? formed by a knitted fabric, whose weaving can? vary in areas intended to overlap different anatomical parts of the foot and leg in order to exert greater elastic compression or less resistance to extensibility? or even to have a greater thickness in order to generate a protective buffer effect. The thread used can be of any type consisting of one or more? natural fibers, one or more synthetic fibers and a combination of said natural and synthetic fibers.

In a preferred embodiment, the wire used? of plastic material obtained from the recycling of plastic materials.

According to yet another executive variant, the modification elements applied to the sock can be configured in a different way in relation to their shape and their distribution so as to vary both the grip effect according to a predetermined direction and/or so as to calibrate also the grip force between sock and shoe in the different anatomical areas of the foot.

So?, in some areas, the element intended to provide greater grip? formed by parallel and oblique strips and in other areas pu? have different shapes such as dots or other distributed as for the strips with different densities? and having different sizes.

It is evident that in the executive example, the different modification elements described can be provided coincident with each other so as to operate at least partially on the same part of the foot or they are provided in different areas. In this way, when the elements of different nature and with different biomechanical effects coincide, their functions add up in said anatomical area, when they do not coincide with each other, the specific functions of said elements are associated with the different anatomical areas of the foot and optimize the dynamic behavior of these areas of the foot in the execution of the movements of the same.

As is evident, for example in the case of the breech helix, different areas present different elements of modification of the sock which, however,? they cooperate in synergy with each other to ensure optimization of the overall behavior of the foot.

As for the method of applying the elements to the knitted fabric of the stocking, ? It is possible to envisage any chemical/physical adhesion and/or sewing method, preferably by molding and in particular by screen printing on the corresponding area of the material of the knitted fabric which forms the stocking and generally on the external face of said fabric, i.e. the face opposite to that in contact with the foot and leg. In some cases, such as that relating to holding the shin guards in position, the element can be expected on the inner face of the stocking, the cio? the one facing the leg.

According to a possible embodiment variant, the thickness and/or width of said band 1 can vary along its extension both in the longitudinal direction and in the transversal direction in order to generate diversified mechanical responses for areas of application, that is? overlapping part of the foot or leg.

According to yet another possible executive variant in addition to silicone? is it possible to use one or more? of the plastics more? described above and/or combinations, or mixtures thereof.

Still according to possible executive variants, the overall width of the band or strip ? between 1 cm and 8 cm, more? preferably between 2cm and 6cm to ensure proper support and support to the ankle joints and its soft tissues.

How already? anticipated in the previous description, the combination of? action of the areas of greater thickness, cio? of the thickening areas of the sock wall obtained by means of the thickening elements constituted by said band, allow to produce various biomechanical, vascular and neurological effects which have both therapeutic efficacy and preparatory efficacy in preserving the foot and leg against damage from stresses of work, is a further effectiveness to increase and / or optimize the functionality? mechanical and/or physiological of the foot and leg allowing to obtain better performances.

In figures 8 to 13 ? shown a second executive example of the sock, in which the combination of the different elements for modifying the physical and mechanical characteristics and material of the sock are made and distributed on the anatomical areas of the foot in order to assist, support and/or protect the limb, that is? the foot and also the part of the calf and the tibial area, the activity? of the said limb in the performance of the sport of cycling.

The following description? made with reference to that of the previous executive form and will highlight? the identical characteristics and those of diversification, indicating identical parts or having identical function with identical reference numbers as in the description and in the figures of the previous embodiment.

As is evident from the figures, in this embodiment? an element for modifying the biomechanical behavior of the stocking is provided which consists of a thickening element in the form of a layer of tape of the kinesiotape type. This element ? analogous to element 5 of the previous executive example and similarly to the previous executive example has two lateral widenings towards the external side and towards the internal side of the foot also indicated here with 51, 52 and having the same functions and the same position as that described in previous example.

In particular, said element 5, in this embodiment ? configured in relation to the thickness and type of material in such a way as to exert compression in the midfoot area.

The configuration of said element 5 in said area? such, for which in an executive form the compression ? on the order of magnitude of about 15 to 25, preferably 20 to 22 mm Hg.

This feature allows an improvement in venous return even when cycling, so that a good cardiac output is ensured and consequently the metabolic system is not? forced to raise the heartbeat. Thus, this allows those who are bradycardic to maintain their advantages.

In the region of the plantar arch, in combination with said element 5, the silk-screened elements 1 operate which overlap said element 5, increasing the support of the plantar arch and giving greater grip with the shoe. A well-formed and elastic plantar arch allows the elastic reuse of the structures of the foot itself in pushing, improving the expression of power on the pedals.

The element 5 also, similarly to what already? described for the previous example exerts a tape effect on the heel and on the Achilles tendon, said layer extending also in the area of the sock intended to overlap the heel and reaching the area of the sock intended to overlap the calf.

In cycling, the use of the ankle in flexion and extension? very important during pedaling, therefore the combination of the aforementioned elements constitutes a dynamic system that works as a proprioceptive means by informing the subject of his movements in this area. In addition, the springy movement of the system itself gently massages the area.

Along the sole of the foot and up to the first metatarsal area? foreseen the element of modification 1 that ? made of non-slip material, i.e. a layer of material which has a high coefficient of friction relative to the shoe. Similarly to what was previously described, said material can? consist of a layer of natural or synthetic rubber, silicone or other plastic materials that have a high coefficient of friction.

Always analogously to one or more? of the variants described for said element 1, this partially overlaps element 5 in the area of the arch of the foot.

In an embodiment, said element 1 ? applicable in the form of a continuous layer or on separate and distributed areas in the desired anatomical region which have a relatively large surface extension.

Alternatively, the said element 1 ? consists of a distribution on a plurality? of separate areas that cover the said zone of application and that can have any shape and density? any also variable along the extension of the application area (in this case the sole of the foot and the area of the first metatarsal).

The illustrated embodiment shows a distribution of said element 1 on a series of substantially rectilinear and equidistant strips which are oriented parallel to each other and in an oblique direction with respect to the anteroposterior direction of the foot.

Alternatively or in combination on different adjacent areas of the area of application of the element 1, in at least some areas said element 1 with a high friction coefficient can? be made up of small points of pre-established surface extension whose density? and/or surface extension pu? be variable as it appears from the figures.

This configuration makes it possible to obtain biodynamic advantages thanks to the guaranteed grip between the sock and the shoe which consist in optimizing the thrust, avoiding the annoying slipping between the foot and the shoe and preventing the cyclist from having to tighten the shoe too much, creating annoying compressions and paresthesias in the foot and support and assist the biomechanical role of the thrust exerted by the first toe that is ? also revealed to be important in foot dynamics related to cycling.

On the other hand, differently from the present embodiment, elements 2 and 3 and element 4 are not provided here since the biodynamic stresses and efforts exerted by the foot do not require it.

However in this sock executive example ? applied an element of bearing and protection indicated with 10 which ? foreseen in the area of the sock destined to overlap the thrust area of the foot on the pedals which ? coinciding with the area of the roots of the metatarsal heads and contextually coinciding during the wearing of the cycling sock and shoe with the cleats of the system for coupling the shoe to the pedal as provided for specific cycling shoes and pedals.

In this case, the element of modification with buffer effect and protection? made up of a layer of relatively rigid thermoplastic material, but sufficiently flexible to allow morphological adaptation to the foot.

This element 10 pu? be applied in any way and preferably ? applied by screen printing.

Thanks to this element 10, the region of said metatarsal heads is protected and screened by the means for coupling the shoe to the pedal, allowing better transmission of the thrust and protecting the foot from direct contact with the rigid part of the shoe.

According to yet another characteristic, the sock according to this embodiment also has a non-slip element in the dorsal area. Also in this case this non-slip element? made up of a layer of material with a high friction coefficient which guarantees a better grip with the shoe. It can be made according to one or more of the variants previously described for? element 1 in relation to the materials and methods? of application, as well as? in relation to the distribution pattern on the application area.

In the case of the cycling sock, however, the said sock does not need? does it have shin guards, so that the area of application of said element with a high friction coefficient? limited to the dorsal area of the foot as shown in the figures and indicated with 9 similarly to the sock of the first embodiment.

The functional effect? that of further consolidating the shoe to the sock and therefore to the foot, avoiding having to tighten the shoe too much and improving the ability? transmission of thrust from the foot to the pedal.

According to a further characteristic that pu? be envisaged in both embodiments and in each of the possible embodiments as a result of adaptation to other particular types of activity? breech, the elements of modification can present, especially when they are constituted by continuous layers of material of the perforated areas through which the opinion of the stocking made of the knitted fabric is put into communication with the outside, thus prefixing? to have a certain transpiring action also in the areas where said elements are applied.

These openings can vary in shape, size and density? of distribution between element and element or between different zones of the same element.

From the foregoing it is evident that the hosiery according to the present invention differs substantially from the generic hosiery present in the state of the art and which apply only some of the principles and expedients set forth and present in combination in the present invention, this application being entirely generic and not aimed at obtaining a biomechanical effect harmonized with the effects on the functionalities? circulatory and neurological thanks to a combined and functionally harmonized forecast of the aforementioned precautions.

Furthermore, the two executive examples clearly show how by arranging the different modification elements substantially consisting of thickening and/or protection elements, elements of material with a support effect of the kinesiotape type, elements to increase elasticity, elements to increase friction towards the material of the shoe and/or inserts such as shin guards or the like to be housed between the sock and the limb and/or differentiated thickening elements of the areas involved in the execution of specific movements? It is possible to best calibrate the dynamic response of the sock with the biodynamic behavior of the foot required for the execution of a specific activity.

In fact, it appears evident that in the two embodiments the elements for modifying the mechanical characteristics of the knitted fabric of the sock have pre-established and standardizable functions which are used in different ways. modular in the different anatomical areas to obtain various dynamic responses of the sock adapted to the biodynamics of the foot movements.

Therefore, with a minimum of different element types ? It is possible to combine effects of support and protection with effects of solidarity of the sock to the shoe for example anti-slip effects, with effects of holding in position also in relation to rotations and with effects of protection and shielding, as well as? supportive effects of the muscular and/or skeletal structure and tendons.

Claims (18)

1. Sock comprising a part of the foot and a part of the leg, - the foot part being intended to overlap the foot of a user and the quarter part being intended to overlap at least a part or the whole part of the leg up to below the knee. - optionally the foot part being closed by a toe part, - the said sock presenting in one or more? areas of the surface extension of the same one or more? structural modification elements of at least one knit layer forming the wall of said sock, which elements are applied and/or incorporated and/or intertwined and/or incorporated to or in the structure of said knit, characterized by the fact that are the elements for modifying the sock structure made up of one or more? elements applied to the wall of the sock which are distributed along different areas of the sock itself intended to overlap when worn on anatomical parts of the foot having specific functions during use and which elements present alternatively or together and in combination with reference to the specific area an element of support or support of the anatomical part and/or an element to increase the friction between the sock and the shoe and/or the sock and the foot in order to exert an action of stabilization of the relative position between the foot and the shoe during the execution of push actions and/or to support the function of other anatomical parts of the foot in carrying out the typical movements of the foot. 2. Stocking according to claim 1, wherein the element applied to the stocking is made up of a non-slip element, that is? an element having increased friction with respect to the textile material of the sock relative to the material of the shoe with which it interacts. in contact, and the said element with anti-slip function extends from? of the first toe up along part or all of the first metatarsal, or up to the root of the same. 3. Stocking according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the element applied to the stocking extends in the region of the plantar arch and/or of the metatarsal heads and has a non-slip function. 4. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an element applied in the area of the plantar arch and constituted by a layer of material with the function of mechanical support of the plantar arch. 5. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an element of thermoplastic material and/or PVC and/or silicone, applied to the material of the sock and which extends in the area intended to overlap the area of the roots of the metatarsal heads. 6. Fit according to one or more? of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that it has a spiral-shaped element applied to the material of the sock in the area of the pivot point of the foot which element ? intended to have an anti-slip function. 7. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims, wherein elements are provided applied to the sock in the area intended to overlap the root of the fifth metatarsal and of the first metatarsal, which elements consist of layers of material having different thicknesses. 8. Fit according to one or more? of the previous claims, in which ? an element is provided applied in the area of the sock intended to overlap the area of the ankle, said element constituting a reinforcing element for stabilizing the ankle. 9. Fit according to one or more? of the previous claims, in which ? an element is provided applied to the heel area and which extends along at least an initial part of the calf, said element being constituted by a layer of reinforcing material with a kinesiotape effect. 10. Stocking according to claim 9, wherein said element has a length such as to overlap the calf part ending below the knee and in which said element extends, optionally without solution of continuity? up to the calf area and in the opposite direction up to the arch area of the foot passing around the heel. 11. Sock according to claim 9 or 10 wherein said thickening element ? consisting of a continuous band or strip of material having a predetermined width and a predetermined thickness, and which band of material preferably extends without interruption? from? end? front of the vault of the foot, that is? the? extremity? towards the metatarsals, up to the extremity? opposite up to the calf area and/or along the same, especially a band or strip of material associated with the knit wall of the sock in the area intended to overlap the anatomical districts of the vault of the foot, or the Lejart insole and/ or triangle of the vault, insertion area of the Achilles tendon and possibly the calf, the material of which band has an extensibility? less than the extensibility? of the remaining wall of the sock. 12. Fit according to a pi? of the previous claims in which the knitted fabric wall of the sock can? be made according to one or more of the alternatives in the following list: in an elasticised fabric and/or have various knitting processes to obtain a compression effect, preferably graduated compression; In a fabric that has different types of weaves distributed over the extension of the mesh and which locally modify its thickness and/or stiffness? in particular with reference to its extensibility? and to the shape memory, or to the elastic return force in the condition not subjected to extension tension, knit weaves that generate a transpiring effect. 13. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims wherein the thickening element, i.e. the band or strip of material and/or the knitted fabric of the sock have a perforated or micro-perforated structure which allows correct transpiration. 14. Fit according to one or more? of the previous claims in which the thickening element, or the band or strip that constitutes it? provided with at least one lateral extension towards the inner side and/or the outer side of the foot and respectively in correspondence with the plantar arch area, optionally and preferably in the median area of the longitudinal extension of the plantar arch and optionally and preferably in a coincident position substantially with the root of the fifth metatarsal and/or in a substantially opposite position and possibly substantially aligned according to a lateral axis of the foot. 15. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims, in which the part of fabric which forms the wall of the sock in the area of the sole of the foot is associated with further elements for modifying the structure of said wall which are distributed according to a predetermined pattern and which have different effects for the purpose of reproduce and therefore support the foot helix movement of the foot during running and walking and which are made up alternatively or in combination of one or more? items in the following list: at least one thickening element of the sock wall corresponding and coinciding with the area of the fifth metatarsal, preferably made similarly to the thickening elements and coinciding with the Lejart insole and the further anatomical districts; at least one non-slip thickening element with a higher friction coefficient than the knitted fabric of the sock to increase the grip of said foot area with the shoe; non-slip elements with greater friction than the fabric of the sock in the area of the first metatarsal and possibly also of the corresponding phalanges, between the extremity? end of the thickening element coinciding with the plantar arch and said phalanges; the aforesaid elements and the corresponding application zones being made with a design such as to favor an anti-slip or greater grip action between the sock and the shoe to favor the helical movement of the foot during running or walking. 16. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims wherein the fabric forming the sock has a different structure in different areas thereof associated with predetermined anatomical areas of the leg or foot, this structure being obtained by applying by means of printing, such as screen printing and/or by hot application and / or by transfer of the material according to different designs and distributions and densities? in the corresponding area in order to obtain a thicker area and/or higher mechanical tensile strength and thus a higher spring force in the non-tensile condition and/or a shock absorbing effect. 17. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises applied to the outer face of the knitted fabric of the sock a combination of elements for modifying the mechanical characteristics of the sock itself, which elements are provided for the harmonization of the dynamic behavior of the sock in relation to the biomechanics of the foot during the activities that require quick changes of direction with football, rugby, tennis, basketball, padel or other activities? similar and which modifying elements consist of: a non-slip modification element with increased grip function between sock and shoe which element extends up to the area of the first metatarsal in order to guarantee optimization of the thrust and acceleration due to the first toe; an element of a non-slip modification element with increased grip function between sock and shoe which element extends in the region of the sole of the foot for protection against falling of the plantar arch and of the metatarsal heads; a modification element consisting of a layer applied by screen printing having a circular or spiral shape centered with the pivot or rotation point of the foot and of non-slip material to increase the grip between the sock and the shoe during the change of direction; a modification element with the function of generating a plantar compression consisting of a material band with elasticity? reduced compared to that of the stocking material; elements of differentiated thickness in the area of the root of the first and fifth metatarsus which are made of material applied by screen printing, the thickness of the two areas being differentiated so as to favor the breech helix; a modification of the weaving of the knit and an element applied by screen printing to the ankle area to generate a stabilizing and massaging function of the same; a thickening element that extends in the Achilles tendon and/or calf area by means of a kinesiotape effect for functional support? of the soleus and a tendon protector; an element applied by screen printing on the back of the sock at the level of the tibia and/or the instep provided externally and/or internally by the wall of the sock and which ? made of material with an increased friction coefficient to increase the grip of the stocking relative to the leg and/or relative to a shin guard that can be inserted between the leg and the stocking, said elements being made of materials and/or applied to the knitted fabric of the stocking and configured according to one or more? of claims 1 to 16. 18. Fit according to one or more? of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises applied to the outer face of the knitted fabric of the sock a combination of elements for modifying the mechanical characteristics of the sock itself, which elements are provided for the harmonization of the dynamic behavior of the sock in relation to the biomechanics of the foot during the activities that require the transmission of a push as in cycling or golf or padel, or in activity? similar and which modifying elements consist of: a modification element with an anti-slip or increased grip function with respect to the material of the shoe, consisting of a layer of material with a higher coefficient of friction with respect to the knitted fabric of the sock which element extends over the entire sole of the foot and it gives a thrust optimization function avoiding dissipation of force transmission due to slipping between foot and shoe; a bearing element of thermoplastic material and/or PCV and/or silicone in the area of the roots of the metatarsal heads which ? coinciding with the position of the cleats of the shoes and which protects said heads and improves the thrust of the foot on the pedal; a material modification element with increased coefficient of friction towards the shoe with respect to the coefficient of the material of the knitted fabric of the sock which element extends in the region of the first metatarsal; a compression element in the midfoot area consisting of a band of material applied externally to the fabric wall of the sock; a modification element for arch support applied by screen printing in the arch area; a thickening element that extends in the Achilles tendon and/or calf area by means of a kinesiotape effect for functional support? of the soleus and a tendon protector; an element applied by screen printing on the back of the sock which? made of material with an increased coefficient of friction to increase the grip of the sock relative to the shoe to increase the grip between the sock and the shoe and optimize the transmission of thrust, said elements being made up of materials and/or applied to the knitted fabric of the sock and configured according to one or more? of claims 1 to 16.