IT202000008329A1 - Electric power supply for electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Electric power supply for electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- IT202000008329A1 IT202000008329A1 IT102020000008329A IT202000008329A IT202000008329A1 IT 202000008329 A1 IT202000008329 A1 IT 202000008329A1 IT 102020000008329 A IT102020000008329 A IT 102020000008329A IT 202000008329 A IT202000008329 A IT 202000008329A IT 202000008329 A1 IT202000008329 A1 IT 202000008329A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- electrolytic cell
- wire cable
- lamina
- flat coils
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/0043—Lifelines, lanyards, and anchors therefore
- A62B35/0068—Anchors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Description
ALIMENTATORE ELETTRICO PER CELLA ELETTROLITICA ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY FOR ELECTROLYTIC CELL
SCOPO DELL?INVENZIONE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
La presente invenzione si riferisce a un alimentatore elettrico per celle elettrolitiche impiegate in vari settori industriali per i quali sia utile scindere l?acqua nei gas idrogeno e ossigeno. L?alimentatore ha lo scopo di ridurre il consumo di energia di almeno il 10% rispetto ai valori commerciali attuali (250 ? 280 watts per LPM) e avvicinandosi al teorico limite di Faraday di 146 watt per litro minuto e a superare i problemi di peso rispetto agli alimentatori elettrici dotati di trasformatori aventi bobine con avvolgimento di rame e dielettrico metallico, denominato lamierino che, essendo sostanzialmente ferro aumentano considerevolmente il peso. The present invention refers to an electric power supply for electrolytic cells used in various industrial sectors for which it is useful to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. The power supply aims to reduce energy consumption by at least 10% compared to current commercial values (250-280 watts per LPM) and approaching the theoretical Faraday limit of 146 watts per liter minute and to overcome the weight problems compared to electric power supplies equipped with transformers having coils with copper winding and metal dielectric, called lamination which, being substantially iron, considerably increase the weight.
STATO DELL?ARTE STATE OF THE ART
Gli alimentatori elettrici noti utilizzati per questo tipo di celle elettrolitiche sono divisi in due categorie principali. The known electric power supplies used for this type of electrolytic cells are divided into two main categories.
Una prima categoria riguarda gli alimentatori elettronici che operano in modo analogo a un motore elettrico in modalit? PWM. In modo pi? dettagliato tali alimentatori sono configurati con un?elettronica che utilizza il metodo della nota Pulse width modulation (PWM). A first category concerns the electronic ballasts that operate in a similar way to an electric motor in mode? PWM. In a more? detailed, these power supplies are configured with electronics that use the known Pulse width modulation (PWM) method.
La seconda categoria riguarda dei trasformatori dalla corrente alternata monofase o trifase agganciando la cella a valle di diodi o su una sola fase o su tutte o su un ponte a diodi. In modo pi? dettagliato tali alimentatori sono configurati come un normale trasformatore nell?accezione di macchina elettrica statica a corrente alternata reversibile. The second category concerns single-phase or three-phase alternating current transformers hooking the cell downstream of diodes or on a single phase or on all or on a diode bridge. In a more? detailed, these power supplies are configured as a normal transformer in the sense of a static electric machine with reversible alternating current.
DESCRIZIONE DELL?INVENZIONE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
L?invenzione consiste nell?utilizzo dell?induzione magnetica per alimentare una cella elettrolitica trasformando il lato cella in un circuito equivalente RLC con la possibilit? di essere mandato in risonanza avendo cos? la possibilit? di ridurre il consumo di energia di nelle stesse misura di guadagno osservabili fra un circuito risonante ed uno non risonante, il guadagno dipende dalle dimensioni fisiche ? dai parametri di frequenza e corrente, pur non essendo calcolabile a priori il fenomeno ? ben noto, nel nostro caso la cella che ha caratteristiche combinate equivalenti ad un circuito RLC se portata in risonanza avr? bisogno della sola energia aggiuntiva utile a scindere l?acqua superando il problema del sovravoltaggio di cella. Il circuito non ? chiuso n? senza perdite ma l?opportuna risonanza di cella minimizza la quantit? di energia da immettere per mantenere la scissione dell?acqua. The invention consists in the use of magnetic induction to power an electrolytic cell by transforming the cell side into an equivalent RLC circuit with the possibility? to be sent in resonance having cos? the possibility? to reduce the energy consumption by in the same measure of gain observable between a resonant and a non-resonant circuit, the gain depends on the physical dimensions? from the frequency and current parameters, even if the phenomenon cannot be calculated a priori? well known, in our case the cell that has combined characteristics equivalent to an RLC circuit if brought into resonance will have? need only the additional energy useful to split the water overcoming the problem of cell overvoltage. The circuit is not? closed n? without losses but the opportune cell resonance minimizes the quantity? of energy to be introduced to keep the water splitting.
I problemi degli alimentatori elettrici per celle elettrolitiche noti hanno altres? un peso considerevole che costituisce uno svantaggio nelle applicazioni mobili, a titolo esemplificativo la maneggevolezza delle celle elettrolitiche ? ostacolata da pesi dai 400 kg in su per le celle industriali The problems of the electric power supplies for electrolytic cells also have? a considerable weight which constitutes a disadvantage in mobile applications, for example the manageability of the electrolytic cells? hampered by weights of 400 kg and up for industrial cells
I vantaggi di risparmio energetico sopra ricavati e i citati inconvenienti sono vantaggiosamente conseguenti dall?alimentatore elettrico oggetto del presente trovato. The above energy saving advantages and the aforementioned drawbacks are advantageously consequent from the electric power supply object of the present invention.
Il trovato in oggetto si riferisce a un alimentatore per cella elettrolitica composto da 3 elementi di base. Un primo elemento ? un?elettronica che crea una induzione magnetica attraverso un avvolgimento primario sostanzialmente equivalente a quella di un fornello ad induzione (induction stove da 20 <- >50 khz ), ?denominata elettronica di governo? che ha anche la funzione di controllo e di sicurezza a fini normativi. L?elettronica di governo dell?alimentatore oggetto del presente trovato ? separata galvanicamente dalla cella elettrolitica stessa proteggendo cos? l?elettronica stessa dalle interazioni galvaniche con la cella. The invention relates to a power supply for an electrolytic cell composed of 3 basic elements. A first element? an electronics that creates a magnetic induction through a primary winding substantially equivalent to that of an induction stove (20 <-> 50 khz), is called control electronics? which also has the function of control and safety for regulatory purposes. The control electronics of the power supply object of the present invention? galvanically separated from the electrolytic cell itself, thus protecting? the electronics itself from galvanic interactions with the cell.
Un secondo elemento ? un induttore elettromagnetico collegato alla citata elettronica di governo, ? accoppiato per induzione a una prima ed una seconda bobina piatta, che costituiscono il terzo elemento, che sono idonee ad essere collegate alla cella elettrolitica. A second element? an electromagnetic inductor connected to the aforementioned control electronics,? coupled by induction to a first and a second flat coil, which constitute the third element, which are suitable for being connected to the electrolytic cell.
Ciascuna delle due bobine piatte prevede almeno 11 avvolgimenti complanari di un cavo bifilare e tra le due bobine ? posizionato il dispositivo induttore. Each of the two flat coils has at least 11 coplanar windings of a two-wire cable and between the two coils? positioned the inductor device.
Il cavo bifilare di ciascuna delle due bobine piatte ha un capo collegato ad una prima lamina e l?altro capo ad una seconda lamina fra di loro tenute in contatto solo dalla soluzione di elettrolita della cella elettrolitica. The two-wire cable of each of the two flat coils has one end connected to a first foil and the other end to a second foil held in contact only by the electrolyte solution of the electrolytic cell.
L?estremo del cavo bifilare delle bobine, che denomineremo primo estremo di ciascuna delle due bobine piatte, ? ideoneo ad essere collegato ad una prima lamina e l?altro estremo del cavo bifilare di ciascuna delle due bobine piatte ? idoneo ad essere collegato ad una seconda lamina. In una forma di realizzazione preferita, almeno una lamina passiva ? posta tra la prima e secondo lamina per ottenere la caduta di voltaggio necessaria a mantenere la differenza di potenziale fra la prima e la seconda lamina con una faccia di ciascuna lamina preferibilmente parallela alla faccia dell?altra lamina per ottenere il processo di elettrolisi. The end of the bifilar cable of the coils, which we will call the first end of each of the two flat coils,? suitable to be connected to a first sheet and the other end of the two-wire cable of each of the two flat coils? suitable to be connected to a second lamina. In a preferred embodiment, at least one passive foil? placed between the first and second foils to obtain the voltage drop necessary to maintain the potential difference between the first and second foils with one face of each foil preferably parallel to the face of the other foil to obtain the electrolysis process.
Com?? noto la decomposizione dell'acqua in idrogeno ed ossigeno in condizioni standard ? una reazione sfavorita in termini termodinamici poich? entrambe le semireazioni che intervengono hanno potenziali negativi. Anodo (ossidazione): 2H2O(l) ? O2(g) 4H+(aq) 4e- E0ox= 1,229 V Catodo (riduzione): 4H2O 4e- ? 2H2 4OH- E0rid = -0,830 V.L'energia libera di Gibbs per il processo in condizioni standard vale 474,4 kJ/mol, il che traduce la non spontaneit? della reazione. La differenza di potenziale a livello teorico da applicare per dissociare l'acqua ? 1.229 V a 25 ?C ma in concreto tali condizioni rendono il processo impossibile in assenza della somministrazione di energia dall'esterno con l'applicazione di un potenziale elettrico agli elettrodi. How? do I notice the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen under standard conditions? a disadvantaged reaction in thermodynamic terms since? both half-reactions that intervene have negative potentials. Anode (oxidation): 2H2O (l)? O2 (g) 4H + (aq) 4e- E0ox = 1.229 V Cathode (reduction): 4H2O 4e-? 2H2 4OH- E0rid = -0.830 V. The Gibbs free energy for the process under standard conditions is 474.4 kJ / mol, which translates into non-spontaneity. of the reaction. The theoretical potential difference to be applied to dissociate water? 1,229 V at 25 ° C but in concrete these conditions make the process impossible in the absence of external energy administration with the application of an electric potential to the electrodes.
L?alimentatore elettrico oggetto del presente trovato consente che la sovratensione da applicare alla cella sia minima per superare le perdite portandola ai voltaggi indicati da 1,75 a 2,5 volts di differenza di potenziale fra le facce della prima e della seconda lamina La distanziata delle due bobine dal dispositivo induttore ? stata individuata sperimentalmente da 0,5 a 30 mm. The electric power supply object of the present invention allows the overvoltage to be applied to the cell to be minimal to overcome the losses, bringing it to the indicated voltages from 1.75 to 2.5 volts of potential difference between the faces of the first and second foils La. of the two coils from the inductor device? experimentally detected from 0.5 to 30 mm.
In maniera analogamente sperimentale ? stato individuato che ciascun filo del cavo bifilare deve avere una dimensione minima di 2x0,35 mm<2 >e massima di 2x3mm<2 >. In a similarly experimental way? it has been identified that each wire of the two-wire cable must have a minimum size of 2x0.35mm <2> and a maximum of 2x3mm <2>.
DESCRIZIONE DELLE FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 mostra il complesso dell?alimentatore elettrico per cella elettrolitica oggetto della presente invenzione e l?elettronica di governo (1) della cella elettrolitica che ? separata galvanicamente dalla cella elettrolitica stessa, oltre all? induttore elettromagnetico (2) collegato alla elettronica di governo (1) che ? accoppiato per induzione ad una prima bobina piatta (3<1>) e una seconda bobina piatta (3<2>) ciascuna collegata alla cella elettrolitica, non rappresentata graficamente. Figure 1 shows the assembly of the electric power supply for the electrolytic cell object of the present invention and the control electronics (1) of the electrolytic cell which? galvanically separated from the electrolytic cell itself, in addition to? electromagnetic inductor (2) connected to the steering electronics (1) which? coupled by induction to a first flat coil (3 <1>) and a second flat coil (3 <2>) each connected to the electrolytic cell, not graphed.
La figura 2 mostra le due bobine piatte (3<1 >e 3<2>) ed entrambe mostrano 11 avvolgimenti complanari di un cavo bifilare (4) collegato ad una prima lamina (6<1>) avente la funzione di anodo ed una seconda lamina (6<2>) avente la funzione di catodo ed una lamina passiva (7) fra la prima lamina (6<1>) e la seconda lamina (6<2 >) idonea ad ottenere la caduta di voltaggio necessaria a mantenere la differenza di potenziale fra la prima lamina (6<1>) e la seconda lamina (6<2>). Un primo estremo (A) del cavo bifilare (4), di dimensione minima di 2x0,35 mm<2 >e massima di 2x3mm<2>. Ciascuna delle due bobine piatte (3<1 >e 3<2>) ? collegata alla prima lamina (6<1>) e l?altro estremo (B) del cavo bifilare (4) di ciascuna delle due bobine piatte (3<1 >e 3<2>) collegato alla seconda lama (6<2>). Detta figura 2 mostra altres? un dispositivo induttore (5) posizionato tra le due bobine piatte (3<1 >e 3<2>). La distanziata di ciascuna delle due bobine piatte (3<1 >e 3<2>) dal dispositivo induttore (2) ? da 0,5 a 10 mm. Figure 2 shows the two flat coils (3 <1> and 3 <2>) and both show 11 coplanar windings of a two-wire cable (4) connected to a first foil (6 <1>) having the function of anode and a second lamina (6 <2>) having the function of cathode and a passive lamina (7) between the first lamina (6 <1>) and the second lamina (6 <2>) suitable for obtaining the voltage drop necessary to maintain the potential difference between the first lamina (6 <1>) and the second lamina (6 <2>). A first end (A) of the two-wire cable (4), with a minimum dimension of 2x0.35 mm <2> and a maximum dimension of 2x3mm <2>. Each of the two flat coils (3 <1> and 3 <2>)? connected to the first sheet (6 <1>) and the other end (B) of the two-wire cable (4) of each of the two flat coils (3 <1> and 3 <2>) connected to the second blade (6 <2>) . Said figure 2 also shows an inductor device (5) positioned between the two flat coils (3 <1> and 3 <2>). The spaced of each of the two flat coils (3 <1> and 3 <2>) from the inductor device (2)? from 0.5 to 10 mm.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102020000008329A IT202000008329A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Electric power supply for electrolytic cell |
| EP21737771.2A EP4162098A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Electric power supply for electrolytic cell |
| PCT/IB2021/055070 WO2021250590A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Electric power supply for electrolytic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102020000008329A IT202000008329A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Electric power supply for electrolytic cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IT202000008329A1 true IT202000008329A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
Family
ID=72178886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102020000008329A IT202000008329A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Electric power supply for electrolytic cell |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4162098A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT202000008329A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021250590A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4944270A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1990-07-31 | Akira Matsushita | Asymmetrical excitation type magnetic device and method of manufacture thereof |
| US8446046B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2013-05-21 | Access Business Group International Llc | Power system |
| EP2824678A1 (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2015-01-14 | Lequio Power Technology Corp. | Power supply device, power reception device, and power supply/reception device |
| US20160359326A1 (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2016-12-08 | Chongshan SUN | Transient impedance transformer based on ac voltage regulating electronic switch |
-
2020
- 2020-06-09 IT IT102020000008329A patent/IT202000008329A1/en unknown
-
2021
- 2021-06-09 WO PCT/IB2021/055070 patent/WO2021250590A1/en unknown
- 2021-06-09 EP EP21737771.2A patent/EP4162098A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4944270A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1990-07-31 | Akira Matsushita | Asymmetrical excitation type magnetic device and method of manufacture thereof |
| US8446046B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2013-05-21 | Access Business Group International Llc | Power system |
| EP2824678A1 (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2015-01-14 | Lequio Power Technology Corp. | Power supply device, power reception device, and power supply/reception device |
| US20160359326A1 (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2016-12-08 | Chongshan SUN | Transient impedance transformer based on ac voltage regulating electronic switch |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021250590A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
| EP4162098A1 (en) | 2023-04-12 |
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