IT202000002896A1 - CO2 MOTOR-CONDENSING UNIT - Google Patents

Description

UNIT? CO2 MOTOR-CONDENSER

The present invention relates to a? Unit? condensing unit with carbon dioxide, air or water cooled and particularly intended to be incorporated in refrigerated cabinets so? said plug-in or semi-plug-in, such as cold rooms, beverage coolers, better known as bottle coolers and tank coolers, better known as chest freezers.

In particular a? Unit? CO2 motor-condenser according to the present invention is extremely compact and easy to install without requiring particular adaptations to the application to which? destined.

Nowadays,? a first type of refrigeration plant equipped with a centralized structure better known as "multiplexed" is known.

This traditional system presents a plurality of of refrigeration utilities, for example of refrigerated cabinets, equipped with heat exchangers to which a refrigerant fluid? powered to cool the environment inside a refrigerator compartment of the refrigerating utilities.

A centralized compression unit, called? Compressor rack ?,? in charge of sucking the vapor resulting from the evaporation of the refrigerant in the exchangers of the refrigeration utilities and sending it to a cooling exchanger, commonly called gas cooler, where the refrigerant fluid is, in fact, cooled or returned to the liquid state.

Downstream of the gas cooler there are collection tanks for the liquid refrigerant fluid from which the latter is tapped and fed to the heat exchangers of the units. refrigerate by means of expansion valves.

The compression group? installed in a room generally foreseen in a room inside the building in which the system? installed or on the roof of the latter.

In this type of plant, the units? refrigerators are therefore without visible refrigeration components, that is, arranged above or below the refrigerated compartment.

This type of traditional plant has a significant drawback from being complex and not very flexible in use.

A second type of traditional system, particularly appreciated for its flexibility? of use provides that each refrigeration user is equipped with an autonomous refrigeration machine which, in particular, can? be cooled with water or air.

In other words, each refrigeration user has a hot exchanger, that is? responsible for heat dissipation, which? thermally coupled to an exchanger crossed by a coolant which typically? water or an aqueous solution with an anti-freeze additive.

A cooling water circulation loop then connects each of the refrigerating utilities to a cooling bench located outside the building in which the system is located. installed.

Each refrigeration user of this type of traditional system? therefore equipped with a refrigeration unit which includes, in addition to the aforementioned hot exchanger, a liquid / vapor separator located downstream of the latter, a cold exchanger, i.e. an exchanger designed to cool the refrigerator compartment of the refrigeration user, a compressor, connected downstream of the cold exchanger, and an expansion valve placed upstream of the latter and downstream of the separator.

The refrigerating machines of these users also include the electrical power supply and control devices of the corresponding mechanical components. In this second type of system, the refrigeration utilities have the compressor and the hot exchanger which are placed above or below the refrigerated compartment, exposed or protected by metal structures.

This second type of plant, compared to the first described, has a high flexibility? of structure, it requires less charge of refrigerant fluid and has a high independence of each refrigeration user.

However, this solution causes a greater bulk of the refrigeration components, such as the compressor, the hot exchanger as well as? the separator which, unlike the first type of system, are mounted on board each refrigeration unit. This, of course, on a par? the overall footprint of the refrigeration unit reduces the space available for the refrigerator compartment.

In both types of systems described? the use of CO2 as a refrigerant fluid is particularly appreciated, in particular due to the low environmental impact that it entails.

In systems of the second type described, depending on the conditions of use, the thermodynamic operating cycle of the refrigeration users, using CO2 as refrigerant fluid, can? be subcritical, where the CO2 outlet temperature from the hot exchanger,? below 31? C, or transcritical if that temperature? above 31? C.

For such refrigeration users? criticizes the quantity? of refrigerant fluid, i.e. CO2, which is loaded when the refrigeration user is set up. Indeed, ? It is necessary that the refrigerant charge of the system is optimized according to the internal volumes and the prevailing working conditions.

This requires an adequate technical preparation of designers and installers.

In fact, in case of excessive charge, there is a risk of refrigerant leaks, and consequent malfunction of the refrigerating user, due to the pressure limits of the safety valves being reached.

Otherwise, in case of insufficient charge? Is there an increase in electricity consumption or an inadequate capacity? refrigerator supplied by the unit? to users.

In addition to being laborious to set up, these traditional refrigeration utilities have a very narrow operating temperature range, outside of which they show a rapid degradation of thermodynamic performance.

The problem underlying the present invention? that of reducing the overall dimensions of the refrigerating machine that each user incorporates, which in the present description is referred to as a unit? condensing unit, specifically CO2, simultaneously increasing its flexibility? of use and simplicity? of predisposition.

The main aim of the present invention is to provide a unit? CO2 condensing unit which solves this problem by solving the aforementioned drawbacks.

As part of this task? purpose of the present invention to propose a unit? CO2 condensing unit which is particularly compact to optimize the space available for the refrigerator compartment of a refrigeration unit that incorporates it. Another object of the present invention is to provide a unit? CO2 condensing unit which is plug-in, i.e. simple connection to a cold exchanger of a refrigeration user in which it is incorporated, and which does not require a particular preparation according to the conditions of use of the refrigeration user in which it is integrated.

This task, as well as? these and other purposes that will appear better in the following are achieved by a unit? CO2 condenser according to the attached claim 1.

Detailed characteristics of a unit? CO2 motor-condenser according to the invention are reported in the dependent claims.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a unit? CO2 motor-condenser according to the invention, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 illustrates a? unit? condensing unit, according to the present invention, in plan view from above with some parts removed to better highlight others;

- figure 2 illustrates a? unit? condensing unit according to the present invention, in perspective view;

- figure 3 illustrates a part of the unit? condensing unit of Figure 1, relating to the refrigeration unit;

- figure 4 illustrates a simplified scheme of plant of a? unit? condensing unit according to the present invention, according to a variant with 3 valves;

- figure 5 illustrates a detail of a? unit? condensing unit according to the present invention, relating to the liquid / vapor separator

- figure 6 illustrates a detail of a? unit? condensing unit according to the present invention, according to a variant with 3 valves of figure 4, in partial perspective view.

With particular reference to the aforementioned figures,? globally indicated with 10 a? unit? motor-condenser, CO2, which includes a refrigeration unit 11 and a casing 12 which defines a support surface on the ground for the unit? condensing unit 10.

With particular reference to the example of realization of the unit? condensing unit 10 of figure 1, in this figure the support plane corresponds to the sheet plane.

In particular, the support surface can? be defined by feet or by a lower edge of the casing 12, not shown, and capable of allowing a stable support of the unit? condensing unit 10 on a support surface, such as for example on a support shelf of a refrigeration unit such as, for example, of a cold room, a beverage cooler or a tank cooler. The casing 12 has an internal V compartment in which? contained the refrigeration unit 11.

The refrigerator group 11, so by itself? traditional, includes a compressor 13, to compress a refrigerant fluid, which can? be a volumetric compressor and, in particular, it can? be a rotary compressor, or rotary, or spiral, or scroll compressor, single stage or double stage.

The refrigeration unit 11 also comprises a separator 14, for separating liquid refrigerating fluid from refrigerating fluid in the form of vapor.

The compressor 13 and the separator 14 each predominantly extend in its own main development direction A, B respectively indicated with the references A and B in the attached figures.

The compressor 13 and the separator 14 are fixed to the casing 12 in such a way that the main directions of development A and B are skewed, that is to say? not perpendicular, with respect to said support plane and preferably substantially parallel to the latter, so that the unit? condensing unit 10 has an overall height H, in a direction perpendicular to the support surface, not greater than 350 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 350 mm and more? preferably not greater than 250 mm.

With the substantially parallel expression, in the present disclosure, it is meant that the possible inclination of the main development directions A and / or B with respect to the support plane does not? greater than 15? and preferably not greater than 5 ?.

In this way the unit? motor-condenser 10, when installed, is particularly compact in the vertical direction and can be easily housed above or below a refrigerated compartment of such a refrigerating user. the latter will be able to provide a space, vertically, reduced, to house the unit? condensing unit 10 allowing to reserve a larger space for the refrigerated compartment, compared to traditional solutions.

In other words, both the compressor 13 and the separator 14 are knocked down inside the casing, i.e. with a substantially horizontal axis so as to minimize the vertical dimensions, i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the support plane of the unit? condensing unit 10.

The unit? condensing unit 10 has an overall length L, along a longitudinal direction C, and has an overall dimension in depth? P, along a transverse direction D; where the longitudinal direction C and the transverse direction D are both parallel to the support plane and mutually perpendicular.

The overall dimensions in length L? greater than the footprint in depth? P.

The compressor 13 and the separator 14 are positioned in the compartment V in such a way that the overall dimensions in depth? P? not greater than 600 mm and preferably between 400 mm and 600mm and more? preferably equal to 460 mm.

In this way, even the longitudinal dimensions of the unit? condensing unit 10? particularly reduced to allow it to be housed with its own longitudinal direction C arranged transversely to the front of a refrigeration unit that incorporates the unit? motion-condensing.

In other words, the reduced overall length L of the unit? condensing unit 10 allows for easy installation with the longitudinal direction C which develops parallel to the width of the refrigeration unit which, when installed, incorporates it.

For example, if the refrigeration unit is made up of a display unit or a tub freezer for a supermarket, having a rectangular plan view, the longitudinal direction of the unit? moto-condensate 10 potr? be parallel to the direction of development of the longer side of the aforementioned rectangular plan.

To optimize the overall dimensions, the main development directions A and B, of the compressor 13 and of the separator 14, can be substantially parallel to the transverse direction D and mutually parallel.

The carcass 12 can? comprising a base 15 which defines said support plane.

This base 15 can? comprise at least one plate-like element 16, 17 which can? consist of a metal structural work product and especially a flat sheet with bent stiffening edges and, possibly, stiffening profiles fixed to it.

The base 15 particularly potr? comprise two plate-like elements 16 and 17 each having a shaped edge for the mutual coupling, for example this edge may? be equipped with mutually complementary male and / or female elements.

The separator 14 can? be in contact with the base 15.

Alternatively, between the base 15 and the separator 14 can? be provided for a free space that is without parts of the unit? condensing unit 10.

There? it allows to optimize the overall dimensions in a direction perpendicular to the support surface and at the same time optimize the structure of the separator with respect to its functionality.

In fact, there? allows to provide interconnections of the separator to the rest of the refrigeration unit in the portion of the separator which? opposite to base 15 that is? at the top, when the unit? condensing unit 10? in opera.

This feature allows you to configure the separator in an optimized way with respect to its internal fluid dynamics, as follows? pi? amply exemplified.

Both the compressor 13 and the separator 14 can be mechanically fixed to the base 15, and possibly also most of the components of the refrigeration unit 11 or, at least, those having greater mass.

In this way the base 15 will be able to? be configured to contribute more than the other parts of the unit? motion-condensing to the rigidity and mechanical resistance of the latter, thus allowing? to provide more structures? light and easy to make for any remaining parts of the casing 12.

The carcass 12 can? in fact include at least a cover 18 that can? be constituted by two complementary covering elements 181 and 182 and configured to couple each with a corresponding of the plate-like elements 16 and 17, so as to form a box-like structure with them.

The base 15 can? have an upper face 15a, preferably flat, onto which the compressor 13 and the separator 14 face.

The separator 14 can? meet against the upper face 15a or at a distance from the latter not greater than 50 mm or not greater than 30 mm or not greater than 15 mm.

The separator 14 has a bottom 141, which? facing the base 15, and an upper part 142, opposite the lower part 141, furthermore the separator 14 has an inlet 19 and an outlet 20 configured for the inlet and outlet of refrigerant fluid into / from the separator 14.

The inlet 19 and the outlet 20 can be provided on the upper part 142 to optimize the fluid dynamic performance of the separator 14.

In particular, the inlet 19 and the outlet 20 can be in a position of the upper part 142 of maximum distance from the base 15.

In this way the fluid entering the separator 14 will determine? the slightest disturbance of the liquid fraction.

In detail, separator 14 has an internal wall 143 which delimits a cavity. separation E.

The inlet 19 and the outlet 20 are in fluid communication with the cavity. separation E.

To optimize the operation of the separator, the outlet 20 can? comprising a first tube 201 which extends internally to the cavity? of separation E and has an inlet 202 placed in a region of the bottom of the cavity? separator E to suck, in use, refrigerant fluid in the liquid and lubricant phase.

Said bottom region? placed in a position of the cavity? separation E of minimum distance from the base 15.

For example, the separator 14 could? have a cup that extends towards the base 15 and the mouth 202 can? be prepared inside the cup, or, the separator can? have its main development direction B inclined with respect to the support surface and the entrance 202 can? be arranged in correspondence with the part of the separator 12 proximal to the base 15, i.e. more? close to this.

In particular, a? Unit? condensing unit 10 also comprises an electronic unit 21.

The carcass 12 can? have a separation wall 22 which projects from the base 15 so as to divide the compartment V into two housings of which a first housing F contains the electronic unit 21, and a second housing G which contains the refrigeration unit 11.

The carcass 12 can? comprise a bottom wall 23 which delimits the second housing G at one end of the latter opposite the separation wall 22.

The bottom wall 23 and / or the separation wall 22 can cooperate with the base 15 to stiffen the casing 12; in particular they can stiffen the base 15 with respect to bending and / or twisting.

The refrigeration unit 11 can? comprehend:

- the compressor 13 which can? be volumetric and can? be at variable speed and has a delivery and an intake, the latter? hydraulically connected to a first connector 24 to connect the compressor 13 to a cold exchanger 25 of a refrigeration user;

- a hot exchanger 26, or gas cooler, which can? be fixed to the bottom wall 23 and hydraulically connected to the delivery of the compressor 13 to be supplied by it with refrigerant fluid;

- the separator 14 which? hydraulically connected to the hot exchanger 26 to receive refrigerant fluid from it;

- a first expansion valve 27, hydraulically connected to the separator 14 to receive refrigerant fluid, and to a second connector 28 to connect the first valve 27 to the cold exchanger 25 to supply it with refrigerant fluid;

- a second regulating valve 29, hydraulically connected downstream of the hot exchanger 26 and upstream of the separator 14.

The electronic group 21 can? be configured and / or programmed to regulate the operating speed of the compressor 13, the degree of opening of the first valve 27 and the degree of opening of the second valve 29, as a function of a control algorithm that will be able to to optimize the operation of the refrigeration unit 11 by adjusting the overheating temperature of the refrigerant fluid coming from the first connector 24, with respect to a set-point value, and possibly also by regulating the pressure of the refrigerant discharging the hot exchanger 26, to maintain the pressure of the refrigerant fluid, at the delivery of the compressor 13, within a range of optimal values.

The unit? moto-condensing 10 pu? also comprising a third flash gas valve 30, hydraulically connected to the separator 14 and to the compressor 13 and connected to the electronic unit 21 which? configured and / or programmed to operate it to bypass refrigerant fluid in vapor form from separator 14 directly to compressor 13.

In this case, the separator 14 can? have an exhaust 31 of the gas that can? include a tube that extends inside the cavity? and which has an opening 311 facing the internal wall 143 and preferably positioned in the cavity. separation E in order to allow the flow of steam into the exhaust but at the same time counteract the entry of liquid into the latter.

For example, the opening 311 can? be facing a part of the internal wall 143 which? of maximum distance from the base 15 that is, that is, when the unit? condensing unit 10? in place, in an area of maximum height and, therefore, of maximum distance from the liquid refrigerant which, in use,? present in the separator 14.

The inner wall 143 can? be cylindrical and include two opposite ends? axial which can be constituted by caps fixed or welded to the terminals of a tubular section, to form the internal wall 143 itself.

Entrance 19 can comprise a curved tube 191 with a passage hole 192 facing the internal wall 143 and, preferably, towards one of the caps, so as to facilitate a mechanical separation of the liquid particles from the vapor which constitute the refrigerant fluid which, in operation, enters in the separator 14 through the inlet 19.

The? Entrance 19 and the? Exit 20 can be positioned in proximity? of the opposite ends? axial of the separator 14, to minimize the interference that the inlet refrigerant fluid may have on the liquid leaving the separator.

The exhaust 31 pu? be placed in an intermediate position between the inlet 19 and the outlet 20 where, preferably, the position of the opening 311? the pi? possible spaced from that of the passage hole 192, to limit as much as possible the risk of drops of refrigerant fluid in the liquid phase entering the drain 31.

The first valve 27 and / or the second valve 29 and / or the third valve 30 can be electronically controlled valves connected to the electronic assembly 21 to be operated by them in accordance with the said algorithm.

In particular, the first valve 27 and / or the second valve 29 and / or the third valve 30 each have their own direction of greater bulk, along which they have a greater space occupation.

This direction of greater encumbrance will be able? be a direction defined by an axis of rotation of an electric motor, for example a stepper, of the respective first valve 27 and / or second valve 29 and / or third valve 30.

To the advantage of the compactness of the unit? condensing motor 10 at least one of the first valve 27 and / or the second valve 29 and / or the third valve 30 has its own direction of greater obstruction askew, i.e. not perpendicular, with respect to the support plane of the casing 12 and, preferably, at least one of the first valve 27 and / or the second valve 29 and / or the third valve 30 have their own direction of greater bulk parallel to the support plane itself. The electronic group 21 in particular can? include a controller with inverter 32, connected to compressor 13 to operate it at speed? variable according to the cooling capacity required by the cooling user in which the unit? condensing unit 10? integrated, in place.

The controller with inverter 32 can? be fixed to the separation wall 22, possibly by means of a spacer bracket 33

In order to particularly optimize the dimensions of the refrigeration unit 21, inside the second housing F, from the separation wall 22 proceeding towards the bottom wall 23, the compressor 13 is placed first, then the separator 14 and then the hot exchanger 26, what can? be fixed to the back wall 23. The latter can be fixed to the back wall. have through holes for the passage of bushings 34 for the hydraulic connection of the hot exchanger 26 with a liquid cooling circuit, and especially with water.

The refrigeration unit 11 can? also comprise pressure sensors 35 and temperature sensors 36 connected to the electronic unit to provide pressure and temperature values where the electronic unit can? be configured or programmed to operate the refrigeration unit 11 as a function of said pressure values and / or temperature values.

A pressure sensor 35 potr? be placed in at least one of the following positions of the refrigeration unit 11, to measure the pressure of the refrigerant fluid:

- downstream of the first connector 24, ie between this and the compressor 13; - at the intake of compressor 13;

- to the delivery of compressor 13;

- at the discharge of the hot exchanger 26, ie between the hot exchanger 26 and the separator 14;

- upstream of the third valve 30, ie between the third valve 30 and the separator 14, to detect an increase in pressure in the separator 14. A temperature sensor 36 will be able to detect an increase in pressure in the separator 14. optionally be placed in at least one of the following positions of the refrigeration unit 11, to detect the temperature of the refrigerant fluid:

- downstream of the first connector 24;

- at the intake of compressor 13;

- to the delivery of compressor 13;

- to the exhaust of the hot exchanger 26.

The unit? moto-condensing 10 pu? also comprising at least one temperature detector and preferably two temperature detectors 37 and 38 thermally connected to the inlet and outlet of the cooling circuit in the hot exchanger 26, i.e. hydraulically in proximity to the heat exchanger 26. of the bushings 34, to detect the inlet and outlet temperature of the liquid, for example water with antifreeze, responsible for cooling the refrigerant fluid which flows therein.

The temperature detectors 37 and 38 can be connected to the electronic unit 21, to transmit the detected temperature values to this.

The electronic group 21 can? be configured or programmed to operate the refrigeration unit 11 also according to the temperature values detected by the temperature detectors 37 and 38.

The temperature detectors 37 and 38 will be able to project inside the compartment V to limit the overall dimensions of the unit. condensing unit 10, for example along the longitudinal direction C.

Structurally, to the advantage of modularity? of the unit? motor-condenser 10, a first 16 of the plate-like elements 16 and 17 of the base 15 can? the electronic group 21 can be fixed and the second 17 of the plate-like groups 16 and 17 can be fixed. be fixed the refrigeration unit 11, cos? make the unit? motor-condenser 10, precisely, modular, ie consisting of a refrigeration module, which includes the refrigeration group 11 and an electronic module that includes the electronic group 21, which can be easily stored in the warehouse and easy to assemble and install.

Moreover, there? makes the refrigerator module and the electronic module autonomous cos? which, under construction? possible to submit them to verification or quality tests? autonomously, to the benefit of the efficiency of the production process of the unit? condensing unit 10.

In this description yes? with reference to a single compressor 13, however, it applies, mutatis mutandis, to the case in which two compressors are provided, in series or in parallel.

The found so? conceived? susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the attached claims.

Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

In practice, the materials used, as well as? the contingent shapes and dimensions may be varied according to contingent requirements and the state of the art.

Where the constructive characteristics and techniques mentioned in the following claims are followed by reference marks or numbers, such marks or reference numbers have been affixed with the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility? of the claims themselves and, consequently, they do not in any way limit the interpretation of each element identified, purely by way of example, by such signs or reference numbers.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1. Unit? motor-condenser (10), with CO2, comprising a refrigerating unit (11) and a casing (12) which defines a support surface of said unit? motor-condenser (10); said casing (12) having an internal compartment (V) in which? contained said refrigeration unit (11); wherein said refrigerating unit (11) comprises a compressor (13), for compressing a refrigerating fluid, and a separator (14), for separating liquid refrigerating fluid from refrigerating fluid in the form of vapor; wherein said compressor (13) and said separator (14) each extend mainly in its own main development direction (A, B); where said compressor (13) and said separator (14) are fixed to said casing (12) in such a way that said main development directions (A, B) are skewed, that is to say? not perpendicular, to said support plane in such a way that said unit? condensing unit (10) has an overall height (H), in a direction perpendicular to said support surface, not greater than 350 mm. 2. Unit? condensing unit (10), according to claim 1 which has an overall dimension in length (L), along a longitudinal direction (C), and has an overall dimension in depth? (P), along a transverse direction (D); where said longitudinal direction (C) and said transversal direction (D) are both parallel to said support plane and said overall length (L)? greater than that encumbrance in depth? (P); where said compressor (13) and said separator (14) are positioned in said compartment (V) in such a way that said overall dimensions in depth? (P)? not greater than 600 mm and preferably not greater than 460 mm. 3. Unit? condensing unit (10), according to claim 2, where said main development directions (A, B), of said compressor (13) and of said separator (14), are substantially parallel to said transverse direction (D) and mutually parallel. 4. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, where said casing (12) comprises a base (15) which defines said supporting surface; said separator (14) being in abutment with said base (15) or between said base (15) and said separator (14) a free space being provided, ie without parts of said unit? motor-condenser (10). 5. Unit? CO2 motor-condenser according to claim 4 wherein said compressor (13) and said separator (14) are mechanically fixed on said base (15); said base (15) having an upper face (15a), on which said compressor (13) and said separator (14) face, the latter being in abutment against said upper face (15a) or at a distance from the latter not greater than 50 mm or not greater than 30 mm or not greater than 15 mm. 6. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to one of claims 4 and 5 where said separator (14) has a lower part (141), which? facing said base (15), and an upper part (142), opposite said lower part (141), furthermore said separator (14) has an inlet (19) and an outlet (20) configured for the inlet and - outlet of refrigerant fluid in said separator (14); said inlet (19) and said outlet (20) being provided on said upper part (142). 7. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to claim 6 wherein said inlet (19) and said outlet (20) are in a position of said upper part (142) of maximum distance from said base (15). 8. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to one of claims 6 and 7 where said separator (14) has an internal wall (143) which delimits a cavity? separation (E) with which said inlet (19) and said outlet (20) are in fluid communication; wherein said outlet (20) comprises a first tube (201) which extends internally to said cavity. separation (E) and has an inlet 202 placed in a bottom region of said cavity? separator (E) to suck, in use, refrigerant fluid in the liquid and lubricant phase; where said bottom region? placed in a position of said cavity? separation (E) of minimum distance from said base (15). 9. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims which comprises an electronic unit (21) where said casing (12) has a separation wall (22) which projects from said base (15) so as to divide said compartment (V) in two housings of which a first housing (F) contains said electronic group (21), and a second housing (G) which contains said refrigeration group (11); where said casing (12) comprises a bottom wall (23) which delimits said second housing (G) at one end of the latter opposite to said separation wall (22); where said refrigeration unit (11) comprises: - said compressor (13), what? volumetric and variable speed, having a delivery and a suction, the latter being hydraulically connected to a first connector (24) to connect said compressor (13) to a cold exchanger (25) of a refrigeration user; - a hot exchanger (26) fixed to said bottom wall (23) and hydraulically connected to the delivery of said compressor (13) to be fed by it with refrigerant fluid; - said separator (14) which? hydraulically connected to said hot exchanger (26) to receive refrigerant fluid therefrom; - a first expansion valve (27), hydraulically connected to said separator (14) to receive refrigerant fluid, and to a second connector (28) to connect said first valve (27) to said cold exchanger (25) to supply it with refrigerant fluid; - a second regulating valve (29), hydraulically connected downstream of said hot exchanger (26) and upstream of said separator (14); where said electronic group (21)? configured and / or programmed to regulate the operating speed of said compressor (13), the degree of opening of said first valve (27) and the degree of opening of said second valve (29), as a function of a control algorithm. 10. Unit? condensing unit (10) according to claim 9 which comprises a third valve (30) hydraulically connected to said separator (14) and to said compressor (13) and connected to said electronic unit (21) which? configured and / or programmed to operate it to bypass refrigerant fluid in vapor form from said separator (14) to said compressor (13).