IT201900004681U1 - REACTOR FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE AND PLASTIC MATERIALS CALLED "GREEN EFFEPI REACTOR" - Google Patents

Description

GREEN EFFEPI REACTOR REPORT

? Description and environmental impact

Equipment that uses a reactor for the transformation of plastics and unsorted municipal solid waste (after separation from glass, iron, inert materials, wet and green) into energy. Using this equipment, non-hazardous hospital organic waste and other material with humidity not exceeding 5% can also be transformed into energy, such as, for example, all waste from activities. that do not present an infectious and / or radioactive risk.

The transformation process is carried out without the use of combustion and pyrolysis, thus avoiding? the generation of toxic fumes, harmful to the environment and the person, with a significant improvement in health? air, water and the environment.

? Operation

The operation of the reactor is based on the physical / chemical principle of molecular disintegration. The waste is placed in a containment chamber (1) with hermetic closure (2) equipped with a pyrostat, a pressure gauge, a safety valve and a double automatic thermostat for interrupting the electricity supply, a chamber that is heated by convection or by transmission of heat from a source through a separation wall to the waste to be treated, until reaching the optimum temperature and pressure for managing the process, in the absence / lack of oxygen. Under these conditions, any organic material dissociates from the waste, with the consequence that it breaks down into four main gases: carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, hydrogen H2 and methane CH4. obtained by using the main reactor, they are then filtered by a prefilter (3) or a series of prefilters, suitable for use. to carry out a first cleaning of the product from dust and / or metal particles that could be dragged along the path.

The filtered products are then directed into a special secondary separation chamber (4) from which they come out transformed into:

a- synthesis gas (Syngas similar to methane);

b- liquid of amber color, similar to a fuel oil;

c- inert carbon, as a waste material.

It is emphasized that on the basis of the waste introduced, only the calories of the synthesis gas and the combustible liquid can vary.

The appliance does not need n? of chimney n? of a system for the expulsion of combustion gases, given the total absence of emissions, and reduces the organic waste treated to a waste of about 5% (mainly inert carbon with traces of aluminum, which can be further reused).

The prototype device used? able to process municipal solid waste weighing about 8 kg, from which about 7-8 cubic meters of synthesis gas are generated as well as? 3-3.2 l. of combustible liquid.

? The derivatives of the transformation:

a- Synthesis gas or Syngas

The synthesis gas is obtained, once the process has started, only after reaching the optimum pressure and temperature.

In this phase, the gases that come out from the head of the secondary chamber (4) can be discharged by means of an outlet valve and conveyed to a storage tank or used instantly. The synthesis gas cos? got potr? be reused for energy production.

b- Amber colored liquid

At the end of the whole process, after having discharged all the gas, it will be? It is possible to discharge the amber-colored liquid, similar to fuel oil, with a density of 784 Kg / m <3>, viscosity? at 30? of about 1.75 mm <2> / s, flash point? <40 <or> C, higher calorific value about 11000 kCal / Kg, lower calorific value about 10300 kCal / Kg (data obtained on a sample examined by the Experimental Fuel Station of S. Donato Milanese (MI) test report no. S- SSC-1601028. Analysis carried out on test with polypropylene kg 8).

This liquid can? be used to generate electricity in a dedicated plant.

c- Carbon

At the end of the process will remain? in the reactor, as waste product, only the largely carbonaceous residue.

? Aims and environmental impact

The appliance? was conceived and built in order to reduce the entry into landfills of MSW and help free the environment from the presence more and more? massive plastic materials.

For this purpose, the thermal energy necessary for operation can? be easily obtained from any source, including electricity, thanks to photovoltaic or wind power plants or from the use of the liquid fuel obtained, in a simple system for self-production of electricity (cogeneration).

Furthermore, the synthesis gas already? stored can? be used for the production of electricity to be resold later to the distribution network or reused on site for district heating or other applications.

The waste material, on the other hand, being made up mainly of carbon and aluminum residues, can? be recovered through waste-to-energy processes or put into other recycling processes, as it is or after further treatments.

? Examples of use

In view of the development of an ecological process such as the one proposed which considers its sustainability? environment and the rational use of available resources, we expect that the materials and energy used by the process are somehow returned to the environment and the community, also considering the economic aspects. and social and balanced growth ones.

In this direction the equipment can? define a closed loop since? also the final waste material, properly treated, can? be reused and re-valued. But not only that: the energy produced by the transformation of plastics can? be returned to the environment for example in seawater desalination processes, residential heating, industrial processes, transport or agriculture to promote forestry also in order to repair the damage caused by the CO2 produced by the generators of the cogeneration, transforming the energy contained in the plastic into electricity.

Last but not least, thanks to the transportability? and simplicity? of plant management,? it is conceivable to use it for the reclamation of large areas contaminated by plastic waste, resulting from the disposal of such waste huge resources for the community, both for economic and environmental purposes.

Claims (6)

LIST OF CLAIMS GREEN EFFEPI REACTOR 1. The process? closed and adiabatic type, conducted in lack / absence of oxygen and therefore without the use of combustion. Do not ? hence a pyrolytic process. 2. As there is no combustion inside the reactor, no exhaust chimneys or smoke expulsion systems are required. 3. The room? watertight and subject to precise pressure and temperature: the heat for the reaction is supplied on the mass to be treated indirectly through a contact wall or by convection. 4. The process? based on molecular disintegration or dissociation or a well-known reaction capable of breaking down municipal solid waste (the so-called undifferentiated) containing long carbon chains into compounds pi? simple both gaseous and liquid, leaving inert ashes still reusable as dry or semi-dry residue. 5. At the aforementioned temperatures, if present, the metals cannot melt and are found at the end of the cycle in the waste ashes, therefore their recovery is possible. 6. The gas / liquid fuel separation column at the outlet? the fulcrum of the process and? unique or? specifically designed for this type of process, with a closed-loop operation so that the coolant remains in the circuit without leaks.