IT201800001888A1 - ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE - Google Patents
ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- IT201800001888A1 IT201800001888A1 IT201800001888A IT201800001888A IT201800001888A1 IT 201800001888 A1 IT201800001888 A1 IT 201800001888A1 IT 201800001888 A IT201800001888 A IT 201800001888A IT 201800001888 A IT201800001888 A IT 201800001888A IT 201800001888 A1 IT201800001888 A1 IT 201800001888A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- machine according
- piston
- axis
- plane
- crankshaft
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
- F01B1/10—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with more than one main shaft, e.g. coupled to common output shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
- F02B75/048—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable crank stroke length
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/06—Engines with means for equalising torque
- F02B75/065—Engines with means for equalising torque with double connecting rods or crankshafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
- F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
- F02B75/22—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement
- F02B75/225—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement having two or more crankshafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
- F04B39/062—Cooling by injecting a liquid in the gas to be compressed
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Description
del brevetto per invenzione industriale dal titolo: of the patent for industrial invention entitled:
“MACCHINA VOLUMETRICA ALTERNATIVA” "ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE"
La presente invenzione è relativa ad una macchina volumetrica alternativa. The present invention relates to an alternative volumetric machine.
In particolare, la presente invenzione trova applicazione particolarmente vantaggiosa sia in macchine motrici come, per esempio, i motori a combustione interna, sia in macchine operatrici come, per esempio, i compressori alternativi a pistoni. In particular, the present invention finds particularly advantageous application both in driving machines such as, for example, internal combustion engines, and in operating machines such as, for example, reciprocating piston compressors.
Nel settore delle macchine volumetriche alternative, è noto realizzare una macchina volumetrica alternativa del tipo comprendente almeno un cilindro; un pistone impegnato in maniera scorrevole nel cilindro per spostarsi con un moto rettilineo alternativo lungo il cilindro stesso; un albero a gomito montato per ruotare attorno ad un asse di rotazione perpendicolare ad un asse longitudinale del cilindro; ed una biella accoppiata in maniera girevole all’albero a gomito ed al pistone. In the field of alternative volumetric machines, it is known to produce an alternative volumetric machine of the type comprising at least one cylinder; a piston slidably engaged in the cylinder to move with a reciprocating rectilinear motion along the cylinder itself; a crankshaft mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cylinder; and a connecting rod rotatably coupled to the crankshaft and piston.
Il moto rettilineo alternativo del pistone comprende una corsa di andata ed una corsa di ritorno, durante le quali il pistone è mobile tra un punto morto inferiore ed un punto morto superiore. The reciprocating rectilinear motion of the piston comprises a forward stroke and a return stroke, during which the piston is movable between a lower dead center and an upper dead center.
Le macchine volumetriche alternative note del tipo sopra descritto presentano alcuni inconvenienti principalmente discendenti dal fatto che le forze di spinta esercitate dalla biella sul pistone durante lo spostamento del pistone tra il punto morto inferiore ed il punto morto superiore sono inclinate secondo un angolo diverso da 0° rispetto all’asse longitudinale del cilindro e comprendono, quindi, una componente assiale coincidente con l’asse longitudinale del cilindro ed una componente radiale perpendicolare all’asse longitudinale del cilindro stesso. The known alternative volumetric machines of the type described above have some drawbacks mainly due to the fact that the thrust forces exerted by the connecting rod on the piston during the displacement of the piston between the lower dead center and the upper dead center are inclined according to an angle other than 0 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and therefore comprise an axial component coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and a radial component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder itself.
Le componenti radiali delle forze di spinta generano tra il pistone ed il cilindro un attrito, che comporta l’usura del pistone e del cilindro, compromette il corretto funzionamento e l’efficienza della macchina volumetrica alternativa, e rende necessaria la lubrificazione del pistone e del cilindro. The radial components of the thrust forces generate friction between the piston and the cylinder, which leads to wear of the piston and cylinder, compromises the correct operation and efficiency of the reciprocating volumetric machine, and makes it necessary to lubricate the piston and the cylinder. cylinder.
Scopo della presente invenzione è di realizzare una macchina volumetrica alternativa che sia esente dagli inconvenienti sopra descritti e che sia di semplice ed economica attuazione. The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative volumetric machine which is free from the drawbacks described above and which is simple and economical to implement.
Secondo la presente invenzione viene realizzata una macchina volumetrica alternativa come rivendicato nelle rivendicazioni allegate. According to the present invention, an alternative volumetric machine is realized as claimed in the attached claims.
La presente invenzione verrà ora descritta con riferimento alla figura annessa, che ne illustra schematicamente, con parti in sezione e parti asportate per chiarezza, un esempio di attuazione non limitativo. The present invention will now be described with reference to the attached figure, which schematically illustrates, with parts in section and parts removed for clarity, a non-limiting example of embodiment.
Con riferimento alla figura allegata, con 1 è indicata, nel suo complesso, una macchina volumetrica alternativa. Nella fattispecie, la macchina volumetrica alternativa può essere sia una macchina motrice come, per esempio, un motore a combustione interna, sia una macchina operatrice come, per esempio, un compressore alternativo a pistoni. With reference to the attached figure, 1 indicates, as a whole, an alternative volumetric machine. In this case, the reciprocating volumetric machine can be either a driving machine such as, for example, an internal combustion engine, or an operating machine such as, for example, a reciprocating piston compressor.
La macchina 1 comprende un cannotto 2 di forma cilindrica, il quale presenta un asse 3 longitudinale, è chiuso assialmente, in corrispondenza di una sua prima estremità, da un coperchio 4 montato trasversalmente all’asse 3, ed è chiuso assialmente, in corrispondenza di una sua seconda estremità, da un corpo scatolato 5 di forma triangolare. The machine 1 comprises a cylindrical sleeve 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, is closed axially, at one of its first ends, by a cover 4 mounted transversely to the axis 3, and is axially closed, at its first end. a second end thereof, by a triangular-shaped box body 5.
Il cannotto 2, il coperchio 4, ed il corpo scatolato 5 definiscono fra loro un cilindro 6 della macchina 1. The sleeve 2, the cover 4, and the boxed body 5 define together a cylinder 6 of the machine 1.
Il cilindro 6 è associato ad un pistone 7 comprendente un piattello 8, il quale presenta una forma a tazza con concavità rivolta verso il corpo scatolato 5, è impegnato in maniera scorrevole nel cilindro 6, ed è limitato da una parete 9 laterale sostanzialmente coassiale all’asse 3 e da una parete 10 di fondo sostanzialmente perpendicolare all’asse 3 stesso. The cylinder 6 is associated with a piston 7 comprising a plate 8, which has a cup shape with a concavity facing the box body 5, is engaged in a sliding manner in the cylinder 6, and is limited by a lateral wall 9 substantially coaxial to the axis 3 and a bottom wall 10 substantially perpendicular to axis 3 itself.
Il pistone 7 comprende, inoltre, uno stelo 11 tubolare, il quale sporge dalla parete 10 coassialmente all’asse 3, ed è impegnato in maniera scorrevole attraverso il corpo scatolato 5 tramite l’interposizione di una boccola 12 di guida. The piston 7 also comprises a tubular stem 11, which protrudes from the wall 10 coaxially to the axis 3, and is engaged in a sliding manner through the boxed body 5 through the interposition of a guide bushing 12.
La parete 9 è accoppiata a tenuta di fluido con una superficie interna del cannotto 2 tramite l’interposizione di una guarnizione 13 anulare montata sul piattello 8 coassialmente all’asse 3. The wall 9 is fluid-tight coupled with an internal surface of the tube 2 through the interposition of an annular gasket 13 mounted on the plate 8 coaxially to the axis 3.
Lo stelo 11 è accoppiato a tenuta di fluido con la boccola 12 tramite l’interposizione di una guarnizione 14 anulare montata nella boccola 12 coassialmente all’asse 3. The stem 11 is fluid-tight coupled with the bushing 12 through the interposition of an annular gasket 14 mounted in the bushing 12 coaxially to axis 3.
Il pistone 7 è provvisto di almeno un canale 15 di lubrificazione, il quale è realizzato in parte attraverso lo stelo 11 ed in parte attraverso la parete 10 del piattello 8, e presenta almeno una uscita affacciata alla guarnizione 13 in modo da alimentare un liquido o gas lubrificante alla guarnizione 13 stessa. The piston 7 is provided with at least one lubrication channel 15, which is made partly through the rod 11 and partly through the wall 10 of the plate 8, and has at least one outlet facing the gasket 13 so as to feed a liquid or lubricating gas to the gasket 13 itself.
Il corpo scatolato 5 alloggia al proprio interno almeno parte di due alberi 16, 17 a gomito montati per ruotare, ciascuno, attorno ad un rispettivo asse 18 di rotazione trasversale all’asse 3. The boxed body 5 houses internally at least part of two elbow shafts 16, 17 mounted to rotate, each, around a respective rotation axis 18 transversal to axis 3.
I due assi 18 sono disposti da bande opposte di un piano P di simmetria del cilindro 6 contenente l’asse 3 e parallelo agli assi 18 stessi, e sono equidistanti dal piano P stesso. The two axes 18 are arranged on opposite bands of a plane P of symmetry of the cylinder 6 containing the axis 3 and parallel to the axes 18 themselves, and are equidistant from the plane P itself.
I due alberi 16, 17 sono montati per ruotare con sensi di rotazione fra loro opposti, e sono fasati fra loro in maniera speculare rispetto al piano P, nella fattispecie, tramite una coppia di ruote dentate 19, ciascuna delle quali è ricavata o calettata sul relativo albero 16, 17, ed è accoppiata alla ruota dentata 19 dell’altro albero 16, 17. The two shafts 16, 17 are mounted to rotate with opposite directions of rotation, and are phased together in a mirror-like manner with respect to the plane P, in this case, by means of a pair of toothed wheels 19, each of which is obtained or keyed on the relative shaft 16, 17, and is coupled to the toothed wheel 19 of the other shaft 16, 17.
Ovviamente, secondo alcune varianti non illustrate, le ruote dentate 19 possono essere eliminate e sostituite con differenti sistemi di fasatura dei due alberi 16, 17. Obviously, according to some variants not illustrated, the toothed wheels 19 can be eliminated and replaced with different timing systems of the two shafts 16, 17.
Gli alberi 16, 17 sono collegati con il pistone 7 tramite un sistema 20 di trasmissione comprendente un bilanciere 21 accoppiato in maniera girevole allo stelo 11 per ruotare, rispetto allo stelo 11 stesso, attorno ad un asse 22 di fulcro parallelo agli assi 18, perpendicolare all’asse 3, e complanare al piano P. The shafts 16, 17 are connected to the piston 7 by means of a transmission system 20 comprising a rocker arm 21 rotatably coupled to the stem 11 to rotate, with respect to the stem 11 itself, around a fulcrum axis 22 parallel to the axes 18, perpendicular to axis 3, and coplanar to plane P.
Il sistema 20 comprende, inoltre, per ciascun albero 16, 17, una rispettiva biella 23, 24 estendentesi tra due assi 25, 26 di fulcro paralleli fra loro ed all’asse 22, e di cui l’asse 25 è l’asse di rotazione della biella 23, 24 rispetto al relativo albero 16, 17 e l’asse 26 è l’asse di rotazione della biella 23, 24 rispetto al bilanciere 21. The system 20 also comprises, for each shaft 16, 17, a respective connecting rod 23, 24 extending between two fulcrum axes 25, 26 parallel to each other and to the axis 22, and of which the axis 25 is the axis of rotation of the connecting rod 23, 24 with respect to the relative shaft 16, 17 and the axis 26 is the rotation axis of the connecting rod 23, 24 with respect to the rocker arm 21.
A proposito di quanto sopra esposto è opportuno precisare che: Regarding the above, it should be noted that:
il bilanciere 21 consente di compensare eventuali sfasamenti, causati da tolleranze di lavorazione e/o giochi, tra gli spostamenti dell’assieme definito dall’albero 16 e dalla biella 23 e gli spostamenti dell’assieme definito dall’albero 17 e dalla biella 24; the rocker arm 21 allows you to compensate for any mismatches, caused by machining tolerances and / or clearances, between the displacements of the assembly defined by the shaft 16 and the connecting rod 23 and the displacements of the assembly defined by the shaft 17 and the connecting rod 24;
sia i due assi 25, sia i due assi 26 sono trasversali all’asse 3, sono disposti da bande opposte del piano P, e sono sostanzialmente equidistanti dal piano P stesso; e il bilanciere 21 e le bielle 23, 24 sono disposti in modo tale da presentare rispettivi piani di mezzeria e rispettivi baricentri disposti in un piano P1 di contenimento perpendicolare al piano P e contenente l’asse 3. both the two axes 25 and the two axes 26 are transverse to axis 3, are arranged on opposite bands of the plane P, and are substantially equidistant from the plane P itself; and the rocker arm 21 and the connecting rods 23, 24 are arranged in such a way as to present respective center planes and respective centers of gravity arranged in a containment plane P1 perpendicular to the plane P and containing axis 3.
La macchina 1 comprende, inoltre, una pluralità di canali 27 di raffreddamento ricavati attraverso il cannotto 2 e/o il coperchio 4 e/o il corpo scatolato 5 per alimentare un fluido refrigerante attraverso la macchina 1 stessa. The machine 1 also comprises a plurality of cooling channels 27 obtained through the sleeve 2 and / or the cover 4 and / or the boxed body 5 to feed a coolant fluid through the machine 1 itself.
Dal momento che le componenti radiali delle forze di spinta esercitate dalle due bielle 23, 24 sul pistone 7 sono uguali ed opposte e, quindi, complessivamente nulle, l’attrito tra il cilindro 6 ed il pistone 7 è relativamente ridotto e limitato all’attrito tra il cilindro 6 e la guarnizione 13. Since the radial components of the thrust forces exerted by the two connecting rods 23, 24 on the piston 7 are equal and opposite and, therefore, overall zero, the friction between the cylinder 6 and the piston 7 is relatively low and limited to friction between cylinder 6 and gasket 13.
La macchina 1 presenta, inoltre, l’ulteriore vantaggio costituito dal fatto che la guarnizione 14 separa a tenuta di fluido una camera 28 a volume variabile definita all’interno del cilindro 6 da una camera 29 di contenimento definita all’interno del corpo scatolato 5 e contenente gli alberi 16, 17 a gomito, gli ingranaggi 19, il bilanciere 21, e le bielle 23, 24 ed i relativi lubrificanti. The machine 1 also has the further advantage constituted by the fact that the gasket 14 separates in a fluid-tight manner a variable volume chamber 28 defined inside the cylinder 6 from a containment chamber 29 defined inside the boxed body 5 and containing the crankshafts 16, 17, the gears 19, the rocker arm 21, and the connecting rods 23, 24 and the relative lubricants.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT201800001888A IT201800001888A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2018-01-25 | ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT201800001888A IT201800001888A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2018-01-25 | ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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IT201800001888A1 true IT201800001888A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
Family
ID=62089868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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IT201800001888A IT201800001888A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2018-01-25 | ALTERNATIVE VOLUMETRIC MACHINE |
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IT (1) | IT201800001888A1 (en) |
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2018
- 2018-01-25 IT IT201800001888A patent/IT201800001888A1/en unknown
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