IL44309A - Three-dimensional pre-fabricated structural elements to be assembled in habitation units - Google Patents

Description

Three-dimensional pre-fabricated structural elements be assembled in habitation unite Mario Galvagni The present invention relates to three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated structural elements to be assembled in habitation units, preferably comprised of four of such elements.

It is known that in the last years, due to the ever-growing cost of labour in building industry some erecting yards have been readapted in order to reduce the incidence of labour costs on the total cost of a house. Accordingly pre-fab i cated structural, elements have been adapted, for reducing the actual masonry work, by mainly requiring on the contrary the execution of fastening and sealing, i.e. the set up of such pre-fabr i cated elements.

However the solutions so far adopted have on I y part i*a I I y solved the basic problems involving cost and time of manufacturing houses, which according to the soc i a I -econom i c requirements of each country , shou I d be respectively low and brief. Generally, in fact, the pre--fabri cated structural elements for the building industry have been so far realized in substantially b i -d i mens i ona I ' construction wh i ch , a I though have afforded some advantages concerning the manufacturing costs, neverthe I ess have left nearly unchanged the incidence of labour cost, due to the necessary various operations of assembling, we I d i ng, fastening, sealing, etc. Actually the above mentioned transformation and . readaptat i on of the erecting yards has been car ied out in an ant i -econom i c manner, without a proper evaluation of the present improvements in all the arts which can be related to the house-building technique.

For example U.S. Patent Specification 3,587,197 relates to a tri-dimensional structure, which is a complete pre-fabricated room. There are of course transportation problems due to the weight and size of the structure, as well as assembling complexity problems due to the need of fixing by bolt-fastening cantilever structures to a central supporting unit, not being such structures of the self-supporting type. A method of erecting a multistory building by structures of this type is disclosed by U.S. Patent Specification No. 3,462,908.

The particular problem of row housing units has been solved by U.S. Patent Specification No. 3,694,977 by modular units each formed of two half-rooms joined together. However, the transportation difficulties are present again and furthermore the erection of a multistory building is not taken into consideration.

It has been found unexpectedly important and advantageous the fafit that each pre-fabricated element is self-supporting and exactly a quarter of room. This involves, further to easily transportability and assembling operation, such advantages as a lower post of the mould, due both to the fact that only one basic mould has to be produced, the outer size being always identical, and that lower tolerances may be used and required.

It is an object of the present invention to provide three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements, which being adapted to be simply assembled in habitation units, preferably comprising four of such elements, give a complete solution, according to the possibilities of transportation, of the problem of pre-fabr i cated houses with reduced manufacturing costs.

Another object of the present invention is to provide three-dimensional elements, preferably in vibrated, prestressed or light concrete, plastics or metal, so that such elements are self-supporting and easily assembled together, thus highly reducing the time necessary to the erection of buildings.

A further object of the present invention is that of, providing three-dimensional elements fully pre-fabr i cated and comparable, as to volume, with parallelepipeds which can be assembled to form a single parallelepiped, equivalent from a housing point of view to a conventional room (comprised of two or four of such elements).

Still another object of the present invention is to provide three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements of standard size, adapted to be assembled by means of suitable fastening devices and to be arranged on one another.

The three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements according to the present invention are characterized by comprising a floor section, a ceiling section, at least two interposed wall sections, said sections altogether defining a self-supporting portion of a conventional room, and assembling and fastening means on said wa'l floor and ceiling sections for mounting said three-dimensional elements in habitation units or rooms, and said rooms in flats at the same or different floor.

The present invention will be u I I y under* stood from the following detailed description of some preferred embodiments thereof, with reference to the annexed drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the interior of a pre-fabr i cated element of the invention;.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the outside of the element of Fig.1; Figure 3 is a perspective view of the inside of another pre- abr i cated element according to this invention; * Figure 4 is a perspective outside view of the element of Fig."3; Figures 5~7-9 are each perspective views of the inside of . further pre-fabr i cated elements of -t is invention; Figures 6-8-10 are each perspective outside views of the elements of Fig.5~7—9 respectively; Figures 11-13 are perspective inside views of other two embodiments of the present invention; Figures 12-14 are perspective outside vi ws of further two embodiments of the present invention; Figure 15 is an elevation diagrammatic view of an example of assembly of three-dimensional pre-fabr ic-ated elements according to the invention; Figure 16 is a plan view of a multiplicity of habitation units resulting from the assemblage of three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements shown in the preceding figures.

With reference to Figures 1 and 2, where A generally indicates the three-dimensional prefabricated element of the invention, 2 is a floor section, 3 a ceiling section and 4 are two wall sections. The pre- abr i cated structural element A of Figures 1 and 2 is designed as a d i an-corner , hav i ng two ribs 6,6' for supporting fadded seats or cushions in expanded material.

At the extrados the ceiling section 3 is -provided with fitting means 8 for allowing the mutual super i mpos i t i on and fastening of the three-dimensional element of the invention, corresponding seats being provided at the lower side- of the floor section 2 (at the intrados). The walls 4 have at the outside some suitable fastening seats 9 for assembling on the same floor a plurality of the pre-fabr i cated elements of the invent ion. The above mentioned fitting and fastening means 8 is of a known type, such as retainer pins, iron or concrete joints, or plates to be welded.

Figures 3 and 4 show an element B, substantially similar to that already descr i bed, where i n one of the walls has a wide aperture 10 adapted to form a window-space, possibly arranged to receive various types of pre-fabr i cated windows.

Figures 5 and 6 show a pre- ab i cated lement C, formed with ibs 11 adapted to be the support of a single bed (possibly t i I tabl e) . The space 12 shown both by Fig.5 and Fig.6, is adapted for mounting a · balcony window or a door.

Analogously and similarly to what has been so far described, Figures 7/8 and 9,10 sho inside and outside views of the pre-fab i cated three- ' -dimensional elements, pre-arranged with suitable ribs for support i ng , respect i ve I y, a double bed and an auxiliary single bed (possibly tiltable).

More specifically, the element D of Figures 7 and 8 provides for a better use of the room by shifting a bed mounted on wheels along a wall.

The element E shown in Figures 9. and 10 has a window--space 15 and ribs 16 for supporting an auxiliary bed (possibly tiltable).

·· Pre-fabr i cated element F of Fig.11 can be used for receiving a wardrobe or as a living-room> and it must be assembled with the elements of Fig.9 and of Fig.10.

Figures 12 and 13 show the inside view · of two elements des igned, respect i ve I y,to be portions of a hall or external I and i ng , be i ng indicated by the reference letters G and I.

All the above mentioned elements can have the ceiling fitted for receiving a conditioning apparatus and the pipes of various dist ibution systems.

The three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated element H, shown at Fig.14 is pre-arranged for housing all sanitary fittings, inasmuch as it can contain a hydraulic unit or an integral kitchen.

Each of the illustrated structural elements, insofar the volume is concerned, is a parallelepi ed and can be advantageousl assembled with other three elements, conveniently chosen among the described or different types of pre-f br i cated elements, thus realising a habitation unit, or complete room.

It is important to point out the easiness of assemblage of the described elements and the multiplicity of the various types of room which can be obtained. Furthermore through the adoption of such pre-fabr i cated elements, it is always possible to effect subsequent structural re-adaptations and mod i f i cat i ons , each room" being adapted to be disassembled and transformed by replacement of said pre-fabr i cated structural elements. Their mounting technique is siich that these elements are mutually replaceable, being supported or suspended from fixed central units, such as element H of Fig.16.

The ribs, which are an important feature, of the various pre-fabr i.cated elements, are easily and economically obtained through the present known moulding techniques, now allowed by the most recent building materials. They advantageously overcome, from both the aesthettcal and functional poi t of view, the problem of exploiting the available space, also allowing a sensible saving of furniture.

Furthermore, all the above described pre--fabricated elements have housed there i n the whole electric installation with all the necessary current plugs and sockets, while their floors have the outer and inner covering.

Through the adoption of three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements of the described and i l lustrated type, it is possible to transform the present bui lding yards into highly technological factories, special ized in operations of assemblage, seal ing, adjusting and testing, in order ΐο· fac i I i tate the production of low-cost houses, such as those represented in Figures IS and 16,-which are an example of associated habitation units according to this invention, respecti ely in elevation and p I an v i ew .

It is important to point out that the three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated elements of the present invention are structural modu I es . hav i ng standard sizes according to the dwel l ing features and the particular town-p 1 ann i fig rules involved.

Although the present invention has been described in considerable detai l with reference to the annexed drawings, representing some preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that changes and/or additions can be made without exceeding the "scope and the spirit of' the invention itself.

Claims (11)

WHAT I CLAIM IS:

1. Three-dimensional pre- ab i cated structural elenents, characterized by comprising a loor section, a ceiling section and at least two interposed wall sections, said sections altogether defining a self-supporting portion of a conventional room, and assembling and fastening means on said wa I Is, floor and cei I ing sections, for mounting said three-dimensional elements in habitation units or rooms, and said rooms in flats at the same or different floors.

2. Structural elements accordi g to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said wall sections are in number of tw.o and said self-supporting portion of room is equal to a fourth part of a conventional room.

3. Structural elements according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said wa I I sections are in a number of three and said self-supporting portion of a room is equal to a half of a conventional room.

4. Structural elements according to claims 1. and 2, characterized by comprising, at their insides, pre-fabr i cated ribs integral with said floor and wall sect i ons .

5. Structural elements according to claim 4/ wherein at least one of said ribs forms a support for a sofa. ■ ■ rf

6. Structural elements according to claim 4/ wherein at least one of said ribs forms a support for a single or a double bed.

7. Structural elements according to claims 1 and.2, wherein said wall sections comprise apertures adapted to be fitted up by means of doors or windows.

8. Structural elements according to c 1 a i ms 1 and 2, wherein said wall secti.ons are provided with an interior wiring having wall sockets.

9. Structural elements according to claims 1 and 2, wherein said ceiling section is adapted, to house therein a conditioning system and technical equipments.

10. Structural elements according to one or more of the preceding claims, which are made of a material chosen among the group comprising vibrated, presterssed or light concrete, plastics and metals.

11. Three-dimensional pre-fabr i cated structural elements, substantially as hereinabove described and illustrated in. the annexed drawings. For the Applicant Dr. Yitzhak Hess l i