IL306039A - Interleaver configuration for polar coded modulation schemes - Google Patents

Description

INTERLEA VER CONFIGURATION FOR POLAR CODED MODULATION SCHEMES FIELD [0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some implementations, examples are described for an interleaver scheme for polar coded modulation, including polar coded modulation using a modulation order greater than 2.

INTRODUCTION [0002] Wireless communications systems are deployed to provide various telecommunication services, including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, among others. Wireless communications systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service, a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax), and a fifth-generation (5G) service (e.g., New Radio (NR)). There are presently many different types of wireless communications systems in use, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular Analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), etc.

SUMMARY [0003] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below. 2 id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4"

[0004] Disclosed are systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communication. According to at least one illustrative example, a method of wireless communication is provided, the method including: obtaining an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; applying a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; applying a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and outputting an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5"

[0005] In another illustrative example, a network entity for wireless communication is provided. The network entity includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to and can: obtain an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; apply a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; apply a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and output an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. 3 id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6"

[0006] In another illustrative example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to: obtain an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; apply a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; apply a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and output an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7"

[0007] In another illustrative example, an apparatus is provided for wireless communication. The apparatus includes: means for obtaining an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; means for applying a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; means for applying a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and means for outputting an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. 4 id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8"

[0008] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification. id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9"

[0009] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10"

[0010] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution. id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11"

[0011] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim. id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12"

[0012] The foregoing, together with other features and aspects, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0013] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof. So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14"

[0014] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with some examples; id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15"

[0015] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a design of a base station and a User Equipment (UE) device that enable transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some examples; id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16"

[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station, in accordance with some examples; id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17"

[0017] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of a user equipment (UE), in accordance with some examples; 6 id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18"

[0018] FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of a 2-bit polar encoder, in accordance with some examples; id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19"

[0019] FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of an N-bit polar encoder, in accordance with some examples; id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20"

[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), in accordance with some examples; id="p-21" id="p-21" id="p-21"

[0021] FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoding system that includes an interleaver for polar coded modulation, in accordance with some examples; id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22"

[0022] FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a decoding system that includes a de-interleaver for polar coded demodulation, in accordance with some examples; id="p-23" id="p-23" id="p-23"

[0023] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example interleaver scheme for polar coded modulation based on using a respective random interleaver to mix (e.g., interleave) bit values having the same bit level or bit position across a plurality of sub-carrier modulation constellations associated with a wireless transmission, in accordance with some examples; id="p-24" id="p-24" id="p-24"

[0024] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example interleaver scheme for polar coded modulation based on using a respective random interleaver to mix (e.g., interleave) bit values having the same polarization (e.g., same error protection level) across a plurality of sub-carrier modulation constellations associated with a wireless transmission, in accordance with some examples; id="p-25" id="p-25" id="p-25"

[0025] FIG. 10 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example of a process for wireless communication, in accordance with some examples; and id="p-26" id="p-26" id="p-26"

[0026] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system, in accordance with some examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0027] Certain aspects of this disclosure are provided below for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure. Some of the aspects 7 described herein may be applied independently and some of them may be applied in combination as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of aspects of the application. However, it will be apparent that various aspects may be practiced without these specific details. The figures and description are not intended to be restrictive. id="p-28" id="p-28" id="p-28"

[0028] The ensuing description provides example aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the example aspects will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an example aspect. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the scope of the application as set forth in the appended claims. id="p-29" id="p-29" id="p-29"

[0029] Wireless communication networks can be deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, any combination thereof, or other communication services. A wireless communication network may support both access links and sidelinks for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), or other client device) and a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G/NR, a 3GPP eNB for 4G/LTE, a Wi-Fi access point (AP), or other base station). For example, an access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc. An example of an access link is a Uu link or interface (also referred to as an NR-Uu) between a 3GPP gNB and a UE. id="p-30" id="p-30" id="p-30"

[0030] Error correcting codes (ECC) may be used to improve the reliability of the transmission and reception of data in various communication systems. ECCs can be implemented in the context of channel coding used to control errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. For example, ECCs may be implemented in wireless communication networks such as 5G/NR or 4G/LTE, among various others to control errors in wireless data transmission. Wireless channels may be associated with various types of inherent imperfections, which can include multipath fading, interference, and noise. Wireless channel imperfections can result in one or more bit errors between the data transmitted by a transmitting device and the corresponding data received by a receiving device. ECCs and channel coding can be used to encode 8 messages (e.g., data transmissions) with configured redundancy. The configured redundancy can be used by the receiver to detect errors that may occur anywhere within the message. In many cases, the receiver can use the configured redundancy to correct at least a portion of the detected errors. id="p-31" id="p-31" id="p-31"

[0031] In 5G NR, polar codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been adopted for ECC. LDPC codes can be used as error correcting codes for data channels and polar codes can be used as error correcting codes for control channels. For instance, 5G NR introduces polar codes as the error correcting code for transmitting and receiving physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions. LDPC codes may be used as ECCs based on adding one or more parity bits. Polar codes can be used as ECCs without adding parity bits or other additional bits (e.g., based on a portion of the input bits for polar coding being frozen (e.g., known to both the encoder and decoder)). For example, an LDPC encoder can encode k data bits to n channel bits, where n > k (e.g., n-k represents the number of parity bits added). A polar encoder can encode n data bits to n encoded bits (e.g., the input and output of the polar encoder are of the same length, based on using n-k frozen bits at the input, where only k bits out of the n input bits are information). id="p-32" id="p-32" id="p-32"

[0032] Polar codes can be implemented as linear block ECCs. An n-bit polar code can polarize a coded message into two parts, a high-reliability part that carries information and a low-reliability part that carries "frozen" or static values. The low-reliability polarization part can also be referred to as a frozen part. Polar code construction can be performed based on channel polarization operations comprising a multiple recursive concatenation of a short kernel code to transform a physical channel into virtual outer channels. For instance, out of N independent copies of a given channel, a second set of N channels can be generated that demonstrate a channel polarization effect such that, as the number of recursions (e.g., N) increases, the virtual channels tend to either high reliability or low reliability. The tendency to either high reliability or low reliability can be referred to as the virtual channels polarizing or becoming sparse. Polar coded modulation and/or ECC can be implemented by allocating data bits to the high reliability or most reliable virtual channels of the channel polarization. id="p-33" id="p-33" id="p-33"

[0033] Unlike many codes, the input and output of a polar encoder (e.g., input and output bit sequences) are of the same length and include an equal number of bits. In 5G NR, polar codes can be used as an ECC for PDCCH, as noted above. The PDCCH 9 constellation (e.g., the mapping of information bits to distinct symbols in a constellation diagram representing a modulation scheme) may be based on Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). QPSK shares characteristics with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), as both QPSK and BPSK include one bit per dimension of their respective modulation constellations. A simple modulation constellation can be represented on the two-dimensional complex plane, with the horizontal real-valued axis (e.g., first dimension) representing the in-phase carrier (e.g., I component) and the vertical imaginary-valued axis (e.g., second dimension) representing the quadrature carrier (e.g., Q component). id="p-34" id="p-34" id="p-34"

[0034] QPSK is a generalization or Cartesian product of BPSK to two dimensions. A BPSK constellation utilizes one dimension with a single bit per dimension. A QPSK constellation utilizes two dimensions, with a single bit per dimension. The BPSK constellation can be one-dimensional and encodes one bit per symbol. The QPSK constellation can be two-dimensional and encodes two bits per symbol. In both BPSK and QPSK, the number of bits encoded per symbol is equal to the number of dimensions of the modulation scheme and the modulation constellation. id="p-35" id="p-35" id="p-35"

[0035] For instance, BPSK uses two phases that are separated by 180° and modulates at one bit per symbol (e.g., encodes one bit per symbol). The BPSK constellation diagram includes two constellation points (e.g., one for each phase value). The two BPSK constellation points can be located along one dimension of the complex plane (e.g., along the horizontal real axis representing the in-phase (I) component). For example, a BPSK constellation diagram may include the I values -1, 1 and the symbol mapping of I = -1 → ‘0’ and I = 1 → ‘1’. id="p-36" id="p-36" id="p-36"

[0036] QPSK may use four points on the constellation diagram, for example equispaced around a circle. With four phases, QPSK can encode two bits per symbol. The QPSK constellation points can be located along both (e.g., two) dimensions of the complex plane. The I component is divided into two levels (e.g., I = -1 or 1) and the Q component is divided into two levels (e.g., Q = -1 or 1). Each QPSK symbol can be represented using a unique combination of the two I levels and the two Q levels. For instance, the QPSK constellation diagram can map the QPSK symbols to unique (I, Q) points as: (1,1) = ‘11’; (1,-1) = ‘10’; (-1,-1) = ‘00’; and (-1,1) = ‘01’. id="p-37" id="p-37" id="p-37"

[0037] The modulation order of a digital communication scheme is indicative of the number of different symbols that can be transmitted using the digital communication scheme. Most modulations have an order which is a power of two, based on the binary bit logic associated with digital communications. Modulation order can be represented as the number of different symbols that can be transmitted (and/or can be represented as the exponent m (e.g., 2m = 2, 4, 8, 16, etc., for m = 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) corresponding to the number of different symbols that can be transmitted. BPSK is a second order modulation (e.g., m = 1), with the one bit of the BPSK constellation able to transmit two symbols (e.g., denoted as 0 and 1). QPSK is an example of an order 4 modulation (e.g., m = 2), with the two bits of the QPSK constellation able to transmit four symbols (e.g., denoted as 00, 01, 10, 11). QPSK has a modulation order m = 2. Higher-order modulations can be modulation schemes with m > 2. id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38"

[0038] Implementing polar codes with higher-order modulation schemes (e.g., modulation schemes with m > 2) can be challenging, based on the level of protection difference between the bits of a polar code. For instance, the level of protection difference between polar-coded bits is based on the channel polarization into high reliability and low reliability virtual channels, with data bits allocated onto the high reliability channels and frozen bit values allocated onto the low reliability channels. In one illustrative example, a polar encoder can encode fixed values onto the low reliability bit channels (e.g., also referred to as "frozen" bits). The polar code can be used as an error correcting code based on the receiver matching the decoded values of the frozen bits to the expected static value(s) of the frozen bits. The code rate of a polar coding modulation scheme can be determined based on the ratio of the number of high reliability bit channels used for data to the number of low reliability bit channels used for the frozen values. id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39"

[0039] Some wireless communication techniques assume an equalized modulation scheme that treats all bits of a constellation as equals, and do not support the level of protection difference between bits that is inherent to polar coded modulation. For instance, interleavers may be used to counteract the effects of burst errors based on rearranging (e.g., interleaving) a consequence sequence of bits to disperse the bits. Dispersing the bits can distribute the effects of burst errors across the interleaved data stream and increase the effectiveness of subsequently applied error correction techniques (e.g., ECCs, etc.). The QPSK-based PDCCH constellation does not have a level of protection difference between the bits, and all bits are treated equally. For example, modulation schemes that encode a number of symbols/bit that is equal to the number of 11 dimensions used exhibit rotational symmetry about the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram. Polar coded modulation using BPSK or QPSK can be interleaved using bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), which uses an interleaver that treats all bits as equals. id="p-40" id="p-40" id="p-40"

[0040] For higher-order polar modulations (e.g., such as the proposed use of polar codes as ECCs for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions in upcoming 6G wireless communication network implementations), BICM-based interleavers that treat all bits as equals can cause performance degradation, as the interleaving harms the polarization used to perform the polar coding. In higher-order modulations, the number of bits is greater than the number of dimensions in the modulation constellation. For example, 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) encodes four bits per symbol and uses two dimensions in its modulation constellation (e.g., the I component and Q component are split into four different levels each, for 4*4 = 16 unique (I,Q) constellation points mapping to the 16 different 16QAM symbols). id="p-41" id="p-41" id="p-41"

[0041] In these higher-order modulation schemes, not all bits have equal significance in the symbol. For instance, in 16QAM, a single bit error in the most significant bit (MSB) can be associated with a larger symbol error than a bit error in the least significant bit (LSB). Polar coding for higher-order modulation schemes can be applied to provide more protection to the more significant bits, and less protection to the less significant bits. The MSBs are mapped to higher reliability or better channel polarizations and the LSBs are mapped to lower reliability or worse channel polarizations. In these higher-order modulations that encode more than one bit per dimension, there is not rotational symmetry about the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram between each bit level or bit location. Performing BICM-based interleaving for polar coded modulation with higher-order constellations can cause performance degradation when bits with different levels of error protection are interleaved (e.g., randomly interleaved) with each other. id="p-42" id="p-42" id="p-42"

[0042] There is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to provide a polar code interleaver for interleaving polar coded bits and/or other coded bits that utilize different levels of bit protection. For instance, there is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to interleave polar coded bits without degrading the channel polarization used for the polar code. There is additionally a need for systems and techniques that can 12 be used to interleave polar coded bits for higher-order constellations (e.g., for higher modulation order polar codes, with m > 2, corresponding to a number of bits per symbol that is greater than the number of dimensions of the modulation constellation). id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43"

[0043] Systems, apparatuses, processes (also referred to as methods), and computer-readable media (collectively referred to as "systems and techniques") are described herein that can be used to provide an interleaver scheme for polar coded modulation. In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to provide an interleaver scheme that interleaves between equal error protection level bits of different constellations, but does not interleave between un-equal error protection level bits of different constellations or within the same constellation. The multiple constellations for which the polar coded modulation interleaver scheme can be utilized may correspond to respective channels or sub-carriers that are each polar coded and then multiplexed together for transmission. For instance, an input data stream can be divided into multiple sub-streams, with each respective sub-stream corresponding to a different sub-carrier. The data bits of each sub-stream and sub-carrier can be modulated using a respective modulation constellation, which can be the same for each sub-carrier (e.g., each sub-carrier can be modulated using a 16QAM constellation, etc.). The modulated subcarriers can then be multiplexed for transmission over a wireless channel. id="p-44" id="p-44" id="p-44"

[0044] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques can be used to provide an interleaver scheme for polar coded modulation. For instance, a polar coded data stream (e.g., output of a polar encoder) can be divided into a respective polar coded sub-stream for each sub-carrier of the multiplexing scheme, where the respective polar coded sub-streams are interleaved with one another before multiplexing. In some aspects, an input data stream can be divided into a plurality of sub-streams that are polar coded using a respective polar encoder for each sub-stream, and interleaving can be performed for the plurality of polar coded sub-streams corresponding to the plurality of channels or sub-carriers used for generating the multiplexed signal for transmission over the wireless communication channel. id="p-45" id="p-45" id="p-45"

[0045] . In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques can be used to interleave polar coded bits for higher-order constellations (e.g., modulation order m > 2, corresponding to a number of encoded bits per symbol that is greater than the number of dimensions in the modulation constellation diagram). For instance, polar coded bits for 13 higher-order modulation can be interleaved based on utilizing multiple random interleavers corresponding to different bit indexes and/or different levels of bit error protection within the encoded bits corresponding to each symbol. id="p-46" id="p-46" id="p-46"

[0046] In some examples, a polar code interleaver can be used to interleave (e.g., mix or disperse) bits of the same bit index across a plurality of different sub-carriers. The plurality of different sub-carriers can also be referred to herein as a plurality of different constellations. The same bit index across the plurality of sub-carriers (e.g., constellations) can be associated with the same level of error protection of the polar coding scheme. For instance, 16QAM utilizes 16 symbols each encoding four bits (e.g., a first 16QAM symbol encodes or maps to the bits ‘0000’, …, etc.). The bit index can correspond to a bit location within the encoded sequence of bit values for a symbol. A first bit index can represent a first bit location (e.g., left-most or right-most), a second bit index can represent a second bit location (e.g., second from left or second from right), …, etc. As used here, a "bit index" may be interchangeably referred to as a "bit level" or "bit location." id="p-47" id="p-47" id="p-47"

[0047] In some aspects, the polar code interleaver does not interleave bits with different bit indices. For example, in some cases, bit 1 of constellation 1 may not be interleaved with bit 2 of constellation 1 (e.g., interleaving is not performed over different bit indices within the same symbol or sub-carrier). Bit 1 of constellation 1 also will not be interleaved with the respective bit 2 of constellations 2, 3, or 4 (e.g., interleaving is not performed over different bit indices across different symbols or different sub-carriers). The different bit indices can be configured based on the polar coded modulation scheme and/or can correspond to different sub-carrier or channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. In some examples, the polar code interleaver does not interleave the least significant bit (LSB) of a symbol and the most significant bit (MSB) of a symbol. id="p-48" id="p-48" id="p-48"

[0048] In some aspects, a polar code interleaver can include a respective random interleaver corresponding to each bit index of the bits encoded by a modulation symbol. For example, the number of random interleavers can be the same as the number of bits encoded per symbol (e.g., 16-QAM can encode four bits per symbol, and polar code interleaving can be performed using four random interleavers). Based on performing polar coding, each bit index within a symbol can correspond to a respective error protection level. Each bit index can correspond to a different error protection level, or multiple bit indices can correspond to the same error protection level. In some examples, 14 the set of different error protection levels can be the same for each of the constellations (e.g., for each sub-carrier). A first constellation can include a first error protection level bit, a second error protection level bit, a third error protection level bit, and a fourth error protection level bit. A second constellation can include a respective first error protection level bit, a respective second error protection level bit, a respective third error protection level bit, and a respective fourth error protection level bit, etc. id="p-49" id="p-49" id="p-49"

[0049] In one illustrative example, a random interleaver can be used to perform random interleaving of a set of bits corresponding to the same error protection level in a respective constellation or sub-carrier. For instance, a first random interleaver can perform random interleaving of the respective first error protection level bit of the first, second, third, and fourth constellations. A second random interleaver can perform random interleaving of the respective second error protection level bit of the first, second, third, and fourth constellations. A third random interleaver can perform random interleaving of the respective third error protection level bit of the first, second, third, and fourth constellations. A fourth random interleaver can perform random interleaving of the respective fourth error protection level bit of the first, second, third, and fourth constellations. In some aspects, the plurality of random interleavers of the polar code interleaver can be used to perform unique random interleaving across constellations and within error protection bit levels (e.g., interleaving the same bit index across different constellations or sub-carriers), without performing interleaving of bits within the same constellation (e.g., without interleaving the bit indices corresponding to the same sub-carrier). id="p-50" id="p-50" id="p-50"

[0050] In another illustrative example, a respective random interleaver can be used to perform random interleaving for each group of bits associated with the same error protection level (e.g., a respective random interleaver can interleave a group or subset of the plurality of different bit indices). For instance, a modulation scheme with modulation order m = 4 can correspond to 16 different symbols of a constellation that is used by a plurality of sub-carriers to encode four bits per symbol per sub-carrier. Based on applying a polar coding scheme, each of the four bits of a respective constellation can correspond to a first level of error protection or a second level of error protection. For instance, the respective first and third bits of each constellation may correspond to the first error protection level and the respective second and fourth bits of each constellation may correspond to the second error protection level. A polar code interleaver can include a first random interleaver configured to interleave the eight bits associated with the first error protection level (e.g., [bit 1, bit 3] * 4 constellations = 8 bits of the first error protection level) and a second random interleaver configured to interleave the eight bits associated with the second error protection level (e.g., [bit 2, bit 4] * 4 constellations = bits of the second error protection level). id="p-51" id="p-51" id="p-51"

[0051] Further aspects of the systems and techniques will be described with respect to the figures. id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52"

[0052] As used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as "based at least on A" unless specifically recited differently. id="p-53" id="p-53" id="p-53"

[0053] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, and/or tracking device, etc.), wearable (e.g., smartwatch, smart-glasses, wearable ring, and/or an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), aircraft (e.g., an airplane, jet, unmanned aerial vehicle (UA V) or drone, helicopter, airship, glider, etc.), and/or Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be referred to interchangeably as an "access terminal" or "AT," a "client device," a "wireless device," a "subscriber device," a "subscriber terminal," a "subscriber station," a "user terminal" or "UT," a "mobile device," a "mobile terminal," a "mobile station," or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and/or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and so on. 16 id="p-54" id="p-54" id="p-54"

[0054] A network entity can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., with an aggregated/monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, or a forward traffic channel, etc.). The term traffic channel (TCH), as used herein, can refer to either an uplink, reverse or downlink, and/or a forward traffic channel. id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55"

[0055] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., with an aggregated/monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (e.g., a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (e.g., a remote base station connected to a serving base station). 17 Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals (e.g., or simply "reference signals") the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station. id="p-56" id="p-56" id="p-56"

[0056] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs). id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57"

[0057] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, be, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein), a UE (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a remote unit (RU), and/or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network node may be a UE. As another example, a network node may be a base station or network entity. As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network node. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with 18 this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node), the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, the first network node may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like. id="p-58" id="p-58" id="p-58"

[0058] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station), a UE (e.g., any UE described herein), a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH)-capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a DU, a CU, a RU (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU)), and/or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, "network entity" may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 108. For example, a "network entity" is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and/or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and/or operating in the network. id="p-59" id="p-59" id="p-59"

[0059] The adjectives "first," "second," "third," and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a "first network entity" in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a "second network entity" in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network 19 entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples. id="p-60" id="p-60" id="p-60"

[0060] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, network node, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, network node, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity), the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like. id="p-61" id="p-61" id="p-61"

[0061] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network node may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network node. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the first network node is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network node. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the second network node is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network node. id="p-62" id="p-62" id="p-62"

[0062] An RF signal comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal. id="p-63" id="p-63" id="p-63"

[0063] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein will be discussed below with respect to the figures. According to various aspects, FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100. The wireless communications system 100 (e.g., which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) can include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as "network entities" or "network nodes." One or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 can include macro cell base stations (e.g., high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (e.g., low power cellular base stations). In an aspect, the macro cell base station may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a long-term evolution (LTE) network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc. 21 id="p-64" id="p-64" id="p-64"

[0064] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., which may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170). In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired and/or wireless. id="p-65" id="p-65" id="p-65"

[0065] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 1in each coverage area 110. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110. 22 id="p-66" id="p-66" id="p-66"

[0066] While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 1may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). id="p-67" id="p-67" id="p-67"

[0067] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 1may include uplink (e.g., also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (e.g., also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 may be provided using one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink). id="p-68" id="p-68" id="p-68"

[0068] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., one or more of the base stations 102, UEs 104, etc.) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be implemented based on combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation). 23 id="p-69" id="p-69" id="p-69"

[0069] A transmitting device and/or a receiving device (e.g., such as one or more of base stations 102 and/or UEs 104) may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station 102 (e.g., or other transmitting device) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 104 (e.g., or other receiving device). Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by base station 102 (or other transmitting device) multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 102 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station 102, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 104) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 102. id="p-70" id="p-70" id="p-70"

[0070] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 102 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 104). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 104 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 102 in different directions and may report to the base station 104 an indication of the signal that the UE 104 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. id="p-71" id="p-71" id="p-71"

[0071] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 102 or a UE 104) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station 102 to a UE 104, from a transmitting device to a receiving device, etc.). The UE 104 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station 102 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), etc.), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 104 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type 24 codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 102, a UE 104 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 104) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device). id="p-72" id="p-72" id="p-72"

[0072] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 104) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station 102, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions). id="p-73" id="p-73" id="p-73"

[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 1in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 Gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 can include devices (e.g., UEs, etc.) that communicate with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc., utilizing the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum can range from 3.1 to 10.5 GHz. id="p-74" id="p-74" id="p-74"

[0074] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE and/or 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire. id="p-75" id="p-75" id="p-75"

[0075] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, a DU, a RU, a Near-RT RIC, or a Non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW and/or near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (e.g., transmit and/or receive) over an mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein. id="p-76" id="p-76" id="p-76"

[0076] In some aspects relating to 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base stations 102/180, UEs 104/182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges, FR1 (e.g., from 450 to 6,000 Megahertz (MHz)), FR(e.g., from 24,250 to 52,600 MHz), FR3 (e.g., above 52,600 MHz), and FR4 (e.g., between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving 26 cell" or "PCell," and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a "serving cell" (e.g., whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency and/or component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term "cell," "serving cell," "component carrier," "carrier frequency," and the like can be used interchangeably. id="p-77" id="p-77" id="p-77"

[0077] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell") and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base stations 102 and/or the UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier up to a total of Yx MHz (e.g., x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other on the frequency spectrum. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink). The simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically 27 lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (e.g., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier. id="p-78" id="p-78" id="p-78"

[0078] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, a base station 102 and/or a UE 104 can be equipped with multiple receivers and/or transmitters. For example, a UE 104 may have two receivers, "Receiver 1" and "Receiver 2," where "Receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (e.g., carrier frequency) ‘X’ or band ‘Y ,’ and "Receiver 2" is a one-band receiver tunable to band ‘Z’ only. In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X,’ band ‘X’ would be referred to as the PCell or the active carrier frequency, and "Receiver 1" would need to tune from band ‘X’ to band ‘Y’ (e.g., an SCell) in order to measure band ‘Y’ (and vice versa). In contrast, whether the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X’ or band ‘Y ,’ because of the separate "Receiver 2," the UE 104 can measure band ‘Z’ without interrupting the service on band ‘X’ or band ‘Y .’ id="p-79" id="p-79" id="p-79"

[0079] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 1and/or the mmW base station 180 over an mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164. id="p-80" id="p-80" id="p-80"

[0080] The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (e.g., referred to as "sidelinks"). In the example of FIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 1connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on. id="p-81" id="p-81" id="p-81"

[0081] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture 200 of a base station 102 and a UE 104 that enables transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Example architecture 200 includes components of a base station 102 and a UE 104, which may be one of the base stations 102 and one of the UEs 104 illustrated in 28 FIG. 1. Base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1. id="p-82" id="p-82" id="p-82"

[0082] At base station 102, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based on the MCS(s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and/or the like) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, and/or the like) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. The modulators 232a through 232t are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and/or the like) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals may be transmitted from modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in more detail below, the synchronization signals can be generated with location encoding to convey additional information. id="p-83" id="p-83" id="p-83"

[0083] At UE 104, antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from base station 102 and/or other base stations and may provide received signals to one or more demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. The demodulators 254a through 254r are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, 29 downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM and/or the like) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280. A channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), and/or the like. id="p-84" id="p-84" id="p-84"

[0084] On the uplink, at UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and/or the like) from controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based on a beta value or a set of beta values associated with the one or more reference signals). The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX-MIMO processor 266, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and/or the like), and transmitted to base station 102. At base station 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a through 234t, processed by demodulators 232a through 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 (e.g., if applicable), and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller (e.g., processor) 240. Base station 102 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to a network controller 231 via communication unit 244. Network controller 231 may include communication unit 294, controller/processor 290, and memory 292. id="p-85" id="p-85" id="p-85"

[0085] In some aspects, one or more components of UE 104 may be included in a housing. Controller 240 of base station 102, controller/processor 280 of UE 104, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with implicit UCI beta value determination for NR. id="p-86" id="p-86" id="p-86"

[0086] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 102 and the UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and/or sidelink. id="p-87" id="p-87" id="p-87"

[0087] In some aspects, deployment of communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (e.g., such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (e.g., also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station. id="p-88" id="p-88" id="p-88"

[0088] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU). id="p-89" id="p-89" id="p-89"

[0089] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (e.g., such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (e.g., vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the 31 disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit. id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90"

[0090] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 3architecture. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (e.g., such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both). A CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 340 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340. id="p-91" id="p-91" id="p-91"

[0091] Each of the units (e.g., the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305) illustrated in FIG. 3 and/or described herein may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (e.g., collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (e.g., such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units. id="p-92" id="p-92" id="p-92"

[0092] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to 32 handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit – User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit – Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. id="p-93" id="p-93" id="p-93"

[0093] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (e.g., such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. id="p-94" id="p-94" id="p-94"

[0094] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (e.g., such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random-access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 340 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s) 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture. id="p-95" id="p-95" id="p-95"

[0095] The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may 33 be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (e.g., such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element life cycle management (e.g., such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305. id="p-96" id="p-96" id="p-96"

[0096] The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (e.g., such as via an Ainterface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., such as via an Einterface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325. id="p-97" id="p-97" id="p-97"

[0097] In some implementations, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 3or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (e.g., such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (e.g., such as A1 policies). 34 id="p-98" id="p-98" id="p-98"

[0098] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a computing system 470 of a wireless device 407. The wireless device 407 may include a client device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) or other type of device (e.g., a station (STA) configured to communication using a Wi-Fi interface) that may be used by an end-user. For example, the wireless device 407 may include a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), or mixed reality (MR) device, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle, an aircraft, and/or another device that is configured to communicate over a wireless communications network. The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (e.g., or may otherwise be in communication, as appropriate). For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and/or other processing device or system. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and/or with the one or more memory devices 486. id="p-99" id="p-99" id="p-99"

[0099] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more SIMs 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, an antenna 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch sensitive screen, a touch pad, a keypad, a microphone, and/or the like), and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, and/or the like). id="p-100" id="p-100" id="p-100"

[0100] In some aspects, computing system 470 may include one or more radio frequency (RF) interfaces configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals. In some examples, an RF interface may include components such as modem(s) 476, wireless transceiver(s) 478, and/or antennas 487. The one or more wireless transceivers 478 may transmit and receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) via antenna 487 from one or more other devices, such as other wireless devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as eNBs and/or gNBs, Wi-Fi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders or the like, etc.), cloud networks, and/or the like. In some examples, the computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or an antenna array that may facilitate simultaneous transmit and receive functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna such that radio frequency (RF) signals may be received from and transmitted in all directions. The wireless signal 488 may be transmitted via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), wireless local area network (e.g., a Wi-Fi network), a BluetoothTM network, and/or other network. id="p-101" id="p-101" id="p-101"

[0101] In some examples, the wireless signal 488 may be transmitted directly to other wireless devices using sidelink communications (e.g., using a PC5 interface, using a DSRC interface, etc.). Wireless transceivers 478 may be configured to transmit RF signals for performing sidelink communications via antenna 487 in accordance with one or more transmit power parameters that may be associated with one or more regulation modes. Wireless transceivers 478 may also be configured to receive sidelink communication signals having different signal parameters from other wireless devices. id="p-102" id="p-102" id="p-102"

[0102] In some examples, the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end including one or more components, such as an amplifier, a mixer (e.g., also referred to as a signal multiplier) for signal down conversion, a frequency synthesizer (e.g., also referred to as an oscillator) that provides signals to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, among other components. The RF front-end may generally handle selection and conversion of the wireless signals 488 into a baseband or intermediate frequency and may convert the RF signals to the digital domain. id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103"

[0103] In some cases, the computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and/or decode data transmitted and/or received using the one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, the computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and/or decrypt data (e.g., according to the AES and/or DES standard) transmitted and/or received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478. id="p-104" id="p-104" id="p-104"

[0104] The one or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and related key assigned to the user of the wireless device 407. The IMSI and key may be used to identify and authenticate the subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with the one or more SIMs 474. The one or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using the one or more wireless transceivers 36 478. The one or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, the one or more modems 476 may include a Wi-Fi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and/or other types of modems. The one or more modems 476 and the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used for communicating data for the one or more SIMs 474. id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105"

[0105] The computing system 470 may also include (and/or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486), which may include, without limitation, local and/or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device such as a RAM and/or a ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updateable, and/or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data storage, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and/or the like. id="p-106" id="p-106" id="p-106"

[0106] In various aspects, functions may be stored as one or more computer-program products (e.g., instructions or code) in memory device(s) 486 and executed by the one or more processor(s) 484 and/or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486), including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and/or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may comprise computer programs implementing the functions provided by various aspects, and/or may be designed to implement methods and/or configure systems, as described herein. id="p-107" id="p-107" id="p-107"

[0107] As noted previously above, systems and techniques are described herein that can be used to perform interleaving for polar codes and/or for various other non-equal protection codes. In some aspects, the interleaving can be implemented as bit-level interleaving rather than symbol-level interleaving, based on using a plurality of respective random interleavers each corresponding to a respective one or more bit indices and/or error protection levels of the polar coding scheme. For example, the polar code interleaving may be implemented using a one-to-one correspondence between the respective random interleavers and the different bit indices of a polar coded modulation symbol and/or may be implemented using a one-to-multiple corresponding between the 37 respective random interleavers and the different bit indices of a polar coded modulation symbol. id="p-108" id="p-108" id="p-108"

[0108] As noted above, polar codes may be an example of a non-equal protection code or an un-equal error protection code. In 5G NR, polar codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been adopted for ECC. LDPC codes can be used as error correcting codes for data channels and polar codes can be used as error correcting codes for control channels. For instance, 5G NR introduces polar codes as the error correcting code for transmitting and receiving physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions. LDPC codes may be used as ECCs based on adding one or more parity bits. Polar codes can be used as ECCs without adding parity bits or other additional bits. For example, an LDPC encoder can encode k data bits to n channel bits, where n > k (e.g., n-k represents the number of parity bits added). A polar encoder can encode k data bits to n=k data bits (e.g., the input and output of the polar encoder are of the same length). id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109"

[0109] For example, FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example encoder architecture 510 of a 2-bit polar encoder 520, in accordance with some examples. The basic scheme of a polar encoder (e.g., such as the 2-bit polar encoder 520) can be implemented as a [u+v,v] kernel. For example, a polar encoder (e.g., such as the 2-bit polar encoder 520) can polarize a coded message into two parts, a high-reliability part that carries information on a quantity v of high-reliability bits, and a low-reliability part that carries a quantity u of frozen bits (e.g., v bits of information on u+v total bits). id="p-110" id="p-110" id="p-110"

[0110] Polar code construction can be performed based on channel polarization operations comprising a multiple recursive concatenation of a short kernel code to transform a physical channel into virtual outer channels. For instance, out of N independent copies of a given channel, a second set of N channels can be generated that demonstrate a channel polarization effect such that, as the number of recursions (e.g., N) increases, the virtual channels tend to either high reliability or low reliability. The tendency to either high reliability or low reliability can be referred to as the virtual channels polarizing or becoming sparse. Polar coded modulation and/or ECC can be implemented by allocating data bits to the high reliability or most reliable virtual channels of the channel polarization. id="p-111" id="p-111" id="p-111"

[0111] The 2-bit polar encoder 520 can implement a 2-bit polar code G[u+v,v]2 based on: 38 id="p-112" id="p-112" id="p-112"

[0112] Here, two un-coded input bits u1 and u2 are polar encoded into the two polar coded output bits y1 and y2. The polarization and polar encoding can be based on applying the 2x2 weight matrix above. id="p-113" id="p-113" id="p-113"

[0113] FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 550 of an N-bit polar encoder 560, in accordance with some examples. In some aspects, the quantity N can be a power of 2 (e.g., 2-bit, 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, etc., polar encoder). The 2-bit polar encoder 520 implementation of FIG. 5A can be generalized to the N-bit polar encoder 5implementation based on the recursive construction of WN from two copies of WN/2. For instance, the N-bit polar code G[u+v,v]N can be implemented based on: id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114"

[0114] Here, N input bits U0, …, UN-1 can be polar encoded into a corresponding N polar coded output bits Y0, …, YN-1. The first (e.g., upper) copy of WN/2 can be used to generate the first half of the polar coded output bits Y0, …, YN/2–1 corresponding to the first half of the un-coded input bits U0, …, UN/2–1. The second (e.g., lower) copy of WN/can be used to generate the second half of the polar coded output bits YN/2, …, YN-corresponding to the second half of the un-coded input bits UN/2, …, UN-1. id="p-115" id="p-115" id="p-115"

[0115] In some cases, polar codes (e.g., such as the 2-bit polar code corresponding to the 2-bit polar encoder 520 of FIG. 5A and/or the N-bit polar code corresponding to the N-bit polar encoder 560 of FIG. 5B) can be implemented based on the polarization phenomenon represented as: id="p-116" id="p-116" id="p-116"

[0116] For example, some of the polar coded bits will correspond to or see a bit channel úúúúúú= =+ +11, 2 ] , [ v v u v v uF G1 21X G U = ×111Y W X ® ® nv v u N binary N v v uF B Gú+ +× =, ] [ ] , [00- -= ×NNNX G U000- - -® ®N N NY W X − ⎯ ⎯ → ⎯ −  −  →) ; ( 1) ; ( 1Y U IY U I IIIN iii   39 (e.g., virtual bit channel) with a bit error rate (BER) = 0 (e.g., capacity = 1). Some of the polar coded bits will correspond to or see a bit channel (e.g., virtual bit channel) with BER = 0.5 (e.g., capacity = 0). The proportion of noiseless bit channels converges to the channel capacity, given a sufficiently large value of N. id="p-117" id="p-117" id="p-117"

[0117] Given the channel capacity, the indexes of the N different bit channels can be sorted by reliability (e.g., higher reliability corresponding to higher error protection level, and lower reliability corresponding to lower error protection level). To transmit using a rate R, data information is transmitted in the best (e.g., maximal capacity and/or minimum BER) K bit channels, where K/N = R. For the remaining N-K bits (e.g., bit channels), the N-bit polar encoder 560 can transmit fixed values known to the decoder. The fixed values transmitted on the remaining N-K bits can be referred to as "frozen bits." Decoding can be implemented in some examples using a Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoder, which can be associated with a relatively low block error rate (BLER). id="p-118" id="p-118" id="p-118"

[0118] In some cases, polar codes (e.g., such as the 2-bit polar code corresponding to the 2-bit polar encoder 520 of FIG. 5A and/or the N-bit polar code corresponding to the N-bit polar encoder 560 of FIG. 5B) can be combined with higher-order modulation (e.g., modulation order m > 2) based on using multi-level coding (MLC) or bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). id="p-119" id="p-119" id="p-119"

[0119] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) scheme 600, in accordance with some examples. The BICM scheme 600 can be performed based on a single code GN 610. The BICM scheme 600 can correspond to a single coding level for the code GN 610, rather than the multiple coding levels associated with multi-level coding (MLC). In some aspects, the code GN 610 can be a polar code with size N (e.g., an N-bit polar code generated by the N-bit polar encoder 560 of FIG. 5B). id="p-120" id="p-120" id="p-120"

[0120] The encoder output (e.g., the code GN 610) can be used to perform interleaving (e.g., based on BICM scheme 600) for all of the constellation bits associated with transmission over a channel. For instance, a 16QAM constellation diagram 650 is depicted in FIG. 6 with Gray labeling (e.g., one bit difference between all adjacent symbols of the 16QAM constellation 650), where each of the 16 different 16QAM symbols encodes four bits. For example, a first 16QAM symbol encodes the four bits ‘0000,’ a second 16QAM symbol encodes the four bits ‘0001,’ …, and a 16th 16QAM 40 symbol encodes the four bits ‘1010.’ id="p-121" id="p-121" id="p-121"

[0121] In the example of 16QAM modulation using the 16QAM constellation 650, the encoder output (e.g., the code GN 610) can be used to perform interleaving (e.g., based on BICM scheme 600) for the respective four encoded bits corresponding to a 16QAM symbol modulated on each respective sub-carrier of a plurality of sub-carriers M1 620-1, …, Mi, …, Mm. For instance, the m different sub-carriers can each be modulated (and subsequently multiplexed for transmission) corresponding to a respective 4-bit 16QAM symbol of the 16QAM constellation 650. id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122"

[0122] The sub-carriers 620-1, …, 620-i, …, 620-m can also be referred to as constellations (e.g., 620-1 is the 1st constellation, 620-i is the i-th constellation, 620-m is the m-th constellation, etc.). id="p-123" id="p-123" id="p-123"

[0123] In one illustrative example, the BICM scheme 600 can be applied for the plurality of sub-carriers (e.g., constellations 620) based on splitting the total length of the coded bit stream corresponding to the encoder output (e.g., the code GN 610) into m different 4-bit sequences or sub-streams. For instance, using the 16QAM modulation associated with 16QAM constellation 650 (e.g., 4 bit/symbol modulation), the total length of the coded bit stream corresponding to GN is equal to m*4. id="p-124" id="p-124" id="p-124"

[0124] The BICM scheme 600 can be implemented to interleave consecutive (e.g., adjacent or successive) bits within the encoder output code GN 610 to different subcarrier constellation symbol mappings 620-1 through 620-m. For example, the coded bits [B1 BB3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B 11 B12] without using the BICM scheme 600 could be mapped to m=3 16QAM constellation 650 symbols as M1 = [B1 B2 B3 B4], M2 = [B5 B6 B7 B8], M3 = [B9 B10 B 11 B12]. The bits B1–B4 are transmitted on a first sub-carrier corresponding to the first constellation M1; the bits B5–B8 are transmitted on a second sub-carrier corresponding to the second constellation M2; and the bits B9-12 are transmitted on a third sub-carrier corresponding to the third constellation M3. id="p-125" id="p-125" id="p-125"

[0125] Using the BICM scheme 600, the consecutive (e.g., adjacent or successive) bits within the encoder output code GN 610 are interleaved to different ones of the m=16QAM constellation 650 symbols. For instance, the BICM scheme 600 can use a BICM interleaver to map to the constellations as: M1 = [B1 B4 B7 B10], M2 = [B2 B5 B8 B 11], M= [B3 B6 B9 B12]. Using the BICM scheme 600, the impact of burst errors can be reduced, 41 based on consecutive symbols of the encoder output code GN 610 being re-ordered and spaced apart (e.g., interleaved) in the interleaved stream corresponding to the plurality of constellations (e.g., sub-carriers) 620-1, …, 620-I, …, 620-m. id="p-126" id="p-126" id="p-126"

[0126] In some examples, the BICM scheme 600 can be sub-optimal. For example, from the information chain rule: id="p-127" id="p-127" id="p-127"

[0127] In some aspects, the interleaver and Gray labeling can be used to reduce or minimize this loss. id="p-128" id="p-128" id="p-128"

[0128] BICM schemes (e.g., such as the BICM scheme 600) may treat all of the bits of the input code GN 610 as equals, with an assumed equal level of protection for different bits and/or different bit indices of the corresponding constellation symbol bit indices. As noted previously, polar coded modulation using BPSK or QPSK can be interleaved using BICM, based on BPSK and QPSK having equal error protection levels across all bit indices of their respective constellation symbols. id="p-129" id="p-129" id="p-129"

[0129] For higher-order polar modulations (e.g., such as the proposed use of polar codes as ECCs for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions in upcoming 6G wireless communication network implementations), BICM-based interleavers that treat all bits as equals can cause performance degradation, as the interleaving harms the polarization used to perform the polar coding. In higher-order modulations, the number of bits is greater than the number of dimensions in the modulation constellation. For example, 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) encodes four bits per symbol and uses two dimensions in its modulation constellation (e.g., the I component and Q component are split into four different levels each, for 4*4 = 16 unique (I,Q) constellation points mapping to the 16 different 16QAM symbols). id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130"

[0130] In these higher-order modulation schemes, not all bits have equal significance in the symbol. For instance, in 16QAM, a single bit error in the most significant bit (MSB) can be associated with a larger symbol error than a bit error in the least significant bit (LSB). Polar coding for higher-order modulation schemes can be applied to provide more protection to the more significant bits, and less protection to the less significant bits. The MSBs are mapped to higher reliability or better channel polarizations and the LSBs are ( ) ( ) ( ) Y U I U Y U I Y U Im liim li; | ; ;11=  =−= 42 mapped to lower reliability or worse channel polarizations. In these higher-order modulations that encode more than one bit per dimension, there is not rotational symmetry about the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram between each bit level or bit location. Performing BICM-based interleaving for polar coded modulation with higher-order constellations can cause performance degradation when bits with different levels of error protection are interleaved with each other. id="p-131" id="p-131" id="p-131"

[0131] In some techniques for higher-order polar coded modulation, the interleaver is dropped entirely (e.g., the BICM scheme 600 and/or other BICM schemes and interleaving patterns are not used before the constellation symbol mapping to the polar encoder output code GN). There is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to provide a polar code interleaver for interleaving polar coded bits and/or other coded bits that utilize different levels of bit protection. For instance, there is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to interleave polar coded bits without degrading the channel polarization used for the polar code. There is additionally a need for systems and techniques that can be used to interleave polar coded bits for higher-order constellations (e.g., for higher modulation order polar codes, with m > 2, corresponding to a number of bits per symbol that is greater than the number of dimensions of the modulation constellation). id="p-132" id="p-132" id="p-132"

[0132] FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoding system 700 that includes an interleaver 720 for polar coded modulation, in accordance with some examples. FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a decoding system 750 that includes a de-interleaver 770 for polar coded demodulation, in accordance with some examples. The encoding system 700 can correspond to the decoding system 750. For instance, encoding system 700 can be used to generate modulated symbols 735 for interleaved polar coded bits 725 that are generated from an input bit stream 705 (e.g., a polar encoder 710 can generate polar coded bits 715 (e.g., GN) from an input bit stream 705, which are then interleaved by polar code interleaver(s) 720 to provide the interleaved polar coded bits 725 to modulator 730). For instance, the encoding system 700 can be used to generate modulated symbols 735 that are polar coded and interleaved, where the modulated symbols 735 are used for transmission over a wireless channel. id="p-133" id="p-133" id="p-133"

[0133] The decoding system 750 can be used to recover a decoded bit stream 785 from modulated symbols 755 that are received over a wireless communication channel. For 43 instance, the received modulated symbols 755 of FIG. 7B can correspond to the transmitted modulated symbols 735 of the encoder system 700 of FIG. 7A). The decoding system 750 can use a demodulator 760 to determine demodulated bits 765 from the received modulated symbols 755. The demodulator 760 can correspond to the modulator 730. The demodulated bits 765 can correspond to the interleaved polar coded bits 7(e.g., the demodulated bits 765 output by demodulator 760 are not yet de-interleaved). id="p-134" id="p-134" id="p-134"

[0134] The demodulated bits 765 can be de-interleaved by the polar code de-interleaver 770, which generated de-interleaved polar coded bits 775. The polar code de-interleaver 770 can correspond to the polar code interleaver 720. The de-interleaved polar coded bits 775 can correspond to the polar coded bits 715. The de-interleaved polar coded bits 7can be used by a polar decoder 780 to recover a decoded bit stream 785 that is the same as or similar to the input (e.g., uncoded) bit stream 705. The polar decoder 780 can correspond to the polar encoder 710. id="p-135" id="p-135" id="p-135"

[0135] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to implement an interleaver scheme and/or a de-interleaver scheme that can be used for higher-order (e.g., m > 2) polar coded modulation and/or various other non-equal protection modulation scheme. In some aspects, the interleaver scheme can be implemented based on configuring one or more interleavers to mix or re-order (e.g., interleave) bits between equal error protection levels and/or equal bit indices within different respective constellations or sub-carriers. The multiple constellations for which the polar coded modulation interleaver scheme can be utilized may correspond to respective channels or sub-carriers that are each polar coded and then multiplexed together for transmission. For instance, an input data stream can be divided into multiple sub-streams, with each respective sub-stream corresponding to a different sub-carrier. The data bits of each sub-stream and sub-carrier can be modulated using a respective modulation constellation, which can be the same for each sub-carrier (e.g., each sub-carrier can be modulated using a 16QAM constellation, etc.). The modulated subcarriers can then be multiplexed for transmission over a wireless channel. id="p-136" id="p-136" id="p-136"

[0136] For instance, the polar code interleaver(s) 720 of FIG. 7A can be configured to interleave bits with equal polar coded error protection levels and/or bit indices within different respective constellations or sub-carriers associated with a transmission over a wireless channel. As used herein, reference to an interleaver or interleaver scheme can 44 also apply equally to a de-interleaver or de-interleaver scheme (respectively), with the described processes and techniques performed in the reverse order for a de-interleaver as they are performed for an interleaver. For instance, description of polar code interleaving performed by a polar code interleaver 720 of FIG. 7A may apply in reversed order also to a polar code de-interleaver 770 of FIG. 7B. Additionally, the one or more interleavers illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 (e.g., described below) can correspond to one or more de-interleavers that perform de-interleaving operations that are the same as or similar to the interleaving operations arranged in a reverse order. id="p-137" id="p-137" id="p-137"

[0137] In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to implement a polar code interleaver that mixes bits between equal (e.g., same) error protection levels and/or equal (e.g., same) bit indices within different respective constellations or sub-carriers, but does not interleave between un-equal (e.g., different) error protection levels and/or un-equal (e.g., different) bit indices within the different respective constellations or sub-carriers. In some aspects, the polar code interleaver additionally does not interleave between un-equal (e.g., different) error protection levels and/or un-equal (e.g., different) bit indices within the same respective constellation or sub-carrier. id="p-138" id="p-138" id="p-138"

[0138] For instance, in higher-order modulation schemes with modulation order m > (e.g., such as the higher-order 16QAM modulation scheme), not all bits have equal significance in the constellation symbols. In 16QAM, a single bit error in the most significant bit (MSB) can be associated with a larger symbol error than a bit error in the least significant bit (LSB). Polar coding for higher-order modulation schemes can be applied to provide more protection to the more significant bits, and less protection to the less significant bits. The MSBs are mapped to higher reliability or better channel polarizations and the LSBs are mapped to lower reliability or worse channel polarizations. In these higher-order modulations that encode more than one bit per dimension, there is not rotational symmetry about the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram between all bit indices of the plurality of different bit indices. In some examples, the systems and techniques can be used to implement a polar code interleaver that does not interleave symbol bits with different channels and/or with different SNRs. For instance, in some cases, the polar code interleaver does not interleave the least significant bit (LSB) of a symbol and the most significant bit (MSB) of a symbol. id="p-139" id="p-139" id="p-139"

[0139] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a first example interleaver scheme 800 that can 45 be used for polar coded modulation and/or various other non-equal protection modulation schemes. In one illustrative example, the interleaver scheme 800 can be used to perform bit-level interleaving for higher-order (e.g., m > 2) polar coded modulation and/or various other non-equal protection modulation schemes, such as 16QAM (e.g., among various others). id="p-140" id="p-140" id="p-140"

[0140] In one illustrative example, polar coded bits can be interleaved for modulation and transmission on a plurality of subcarriers (e.g., such as OFDM subcarriers, when multiplexing of the plurality of subcarriers is based on OFDM). For instance, a plurality of polar coded and non-interleaved bits 810 can be obtained as the output of a polar encoder. For instance, the polar coded and non-interleaved bits 810 (e.g., also referred to herein as the "input polar code," the "polar code," and/or the "polar code bits" 810) can be generated by a polar encoder that is the same as or similar to one or more of the polar encoders of FIGS. 5A and/or 5B, the polar encoder 710 of FIG. 7A, etc. In some cases, the polar code bits 810 can be the same as or similar to the polar coded bits 715 of FIG. 7A and/or the single code GN 610 of FIG. 6. id="p-141" id="p-141" id="p-141"

[0141] In one illustrative example, the polar code bits 810 can include a plurality of individual bits. In some aspects, 16QAM modulation can be used, with four bits encoded per sub-carrier (e.g., four bits per 16QAM symbol and one 16QAM symbol per subcarrier per unit time). For instance, the polar code bits 810 can include 16 different polar coded bits, corresponding to transmitting a respective 4-bit 16QAM symbol on each of four respective subcarriers SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4. id="p-142" id="p-142" id="p-142"

[0142] The polar code bits 810 are illustrated as a 4x4 grid, with the four rows of polar code bits 810 corresponding to the four different subcarriers SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 (e.g., four constellations). The four columns of the polar code bits 810 correspond to the four different bit indices Bit 1, Bit 2, Bit 3, Bit 4 (e.g., the four different bit locations within a 4-bit 16QAM symbol). id="p-143" id="p-143" id="p-143"

[0143] The first subcarrier SC1 includes the four bits B1(1), B2(1), B3(1), and B4(1). Here, the notation Bx(y) is indicative of a bit with a bit index of x and a subcarrier (e.g., constellation) of y. The second subcarrier SC2 includes the four bits B 1(2), B2(2), B3(2), and B4(2). The third subcarrier SC3 includes the four bits B1(3), B2(3), B3(3), and B4(3). The fourth subcarrier SC4 includes the four bits B1(4), B2(4), B3(4), and B4(4). 46 id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144"

[0144] In one illustrative example, a polar code interleaver can be implemented using a respective random interleaver for each bit index of an encoded modulation symbol. For example, a first random interleaver 850-1 can be used to perform random interleaving for the plurality of first index bits 815-1 of the polar code bits 810, where the plurality of first index bits 815-1 includes the first bit index for each subcarrier (e.g., B1(1), B1(2), B1(3), B1(4)). id="p-145" id="p-145" id="p-145"

[0145] A second random interleaver 850-2 can be used to perform random interleaving for the plurality of second index bits 815-2 of the polar code bits 810, where the plurality of second index bits 815-2 includes the second bit index for each subcarrier (e.g., B2(1), B2(2), B2(3), B2(4)). A third random interleaver 850-3 can be used to perform random interleaving for the plurality of third index bits 815-3 of the polar code bits 810, where the plurality of third index bits 815-3 includes the third bit index for each subcarrier (e.g., B3(1), B3(2), B3(3), B3(4)). A fourth random interleaver 850-4 can be used to perform random interleaving for the plurality of fourth index bits 815-4 of the polar code bits 810, where the plurality of fourth index bits 815-4 includes the fourth bit index for each subcarrier (e.g., B4(1), B4(2), B4(3), B4(4)). id="p-146" id="p-146" id="p-146"

[0146] In some examples, the random interleavers 850-1, 850-2, 850-3, 850-4 can be the same as or similar to one another. One or more (or all) of the random interleavers 850-– 850-4 can implement different interleaving patterns (e.g., random interleaving patterns). For instance, the random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 can be implemented and/or configured as unique random interleavers, where each interleaver performs interleaving using a different (e.g., unique) interleaving pattern that may be randomly or pseudo-randomly determined. In some aspects, implementing different and/or random interleaving patterns for at least a portion of the plurality of respective random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 can correspond to performing bit-level interleaving of the polar code bits 810. Implementing the same interleaving pattern at each of the respective random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 can correspond to performing symbol-level interleaving, which can be associated with degradation of a BICM scheme implemented using the random interleavers. In some examples, a "random" interleaver (e.g., the random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 of FIG. 8) can be configured with a unique random interleaving pattern that is then used repeatedly for each polar code bit sequence 810 of a plurality of polar code bit sequences 810 (e.g., randomness of unique interleaving patterns may be configured once, rather than per interleaving occasion or per polar code bit 47 sequence 810 received as input to the interleavers 850). id="p-147" id="p-147" id="p-147"

[0147] The random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 can be included within and/or can be used to implement a polar code interleaver, such as the polar code interleaver 720 of FIG. 7A. The polar code interleavers 720 of FIG. 7A and/or the random interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 of FIG. 8 can be implemented as hardware interleavers, can be implemented as software or logical interleavers, or can be implemented as a combination of the two. id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148"

[0148] Each interleaver 850-1 – 850-4 can be configured to interleave only the subset of bits within polar code bits 810 that are from the same bit index within the different constellations (e.g., within the different subcarriers SC1-SC4). For instance, given a total number of constellations (e.g., subcarriers) as J, a bit Bk(i) representing the k-th bit from constellation Mi (e.g., subcarrier SCi) can be switched with the corresponding k-th bit Bk(j) from constellation Mj for any j ∈ J other than j = i. id="p-149" id="p-149" id="p-149"

[0149] For instance, bit index 1 of SC1 corresponds to bit B1(1), and the first random interleaver 850-1 can switch B1(1) with any of B1(2), B1(3), or B1(4); etc. Bit index 2 of SC1 corresponds to bit B2(1), and the second random interleaver 850-2 can switch B2(1) with any of B2(2), B2(3), or B2(4); etc. Bit index 3 of SC1 corresponds to bit B3(1), and the third random interleaver 850-3 can switch B3(1) with any of B3(2), B3(3), or B3(4); etc. Bit index 4 of SC1 corresponds to bit B4(1), and the fourth random interleaver 850-can switch B4(1) with any of B4(2), B4(3), or B4(4); etc. id="p-150" id="p-150" id="p-150"

[0150] Each bit of the same constellation is treated separately by the polar code interleavers 850-1–850-4. For instance, each interleaver 850 receives as input a single bit from a respective one of the constellations or subcarriers SC1-SC4 and no interleaving is performed within or across the four bit indices of a 4-bit constellation symbol. id="p-151" id="p-151" id="p-151"

[0151] In one illustrative example, the polar code interleaving can be implemented by the interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 based on each respective interleaving using a different interleaving pattern. For instance, the first interleaver 850-1 interleaves the four bit index bits within the first column 815-1 of the polar code 810, and in one example switches row 1 with row 2 (e.g., B1(1) with B1(2)) and switches row 3 with row 4 (e.g., B1(3) with B1(4). The interleaving pattern for the first interleaver 850-1 in this example is {b1, b2, b3, b4} → {b2, b1, b4, b3}. Before interleaving, the polar code 810 includes the four index 1 bits 815-1 in the order B1(1), B1(2), B1(3), B1(4). After interleaving, the 48 interleaved polar code 870 includes the four interleaved index 1 bits 875-1 in the order B1(2), B1(1), B1(4), B1(3). id="p-152" id="p-152" id="p-152"

[0152] Interleavers 850-2 – 850-4 use different interleaving patterns from the first interleaver 850-1. For instance, the second interleaver 850-2 interleaves the four bit index bits within the second column 815-2 of the polar code 810, and in one example can have an interleaving pattern that does not switch any bits (e.g., an interleaving pattern of {b1, b2, b3, b4} →{b1, b2, b3, b4}). The non-interleaved index 2 bits 815-2 of polar code 8are the same order as the "interleaved" index 2 bits 875-2 of the interleaved polar code 870. id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153"

[0153] Interleavers 850-3 and 850-4 use different interleaving patterns from the first interleaver 850-1 and the second interleaver 850-2. For instance, the third interleaver 850-interleaves the four bit index 3 bits within the third column 815-3 of the polar code 810, and in one example can have an interleaving pattern of {b1, b2, b3, b4} → {b3, b4, b1, b2}. Before interleaving, the polar code 810 includes the four index 3 bits 815-3 in the order B3(1), B3(2), B3(3), B3(4). After interleaving, the interleaved polar code 8includes the four interleaved index 3 bits 875-3 in the order B3(3), B3(4), B3(1), B3(2). id="p-154" id="p-154" id="p-154"

[0154] Interleaver 850-4 uses a different interleaving pattern from the first interleaver 850-1, the second interleaver 850-2, and the third interleaver 850-3. For instance, the fourth interleaver 850-4 interleaves the four bit index 4 bits within the fourth column 815-of the polar code 810, and in one example can have an interleaving pattern of {b1, b2, b3, b4} → {b4, b3, b2, b1}. Before interleaving, the polar code 810 includes the four index 4 bits 815-4 in the order B4(1), B4(2), B4(3), B4(4). After interleaving, the interleaved polar code 870 includes the four interleaved index 4 bits 875-4 in the order B4(4), B4(3), B4(2), B4(1). id="p-155" id="p-155" id="p-155"

[0155] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example interleaver scheme 900 for polar coded modulation based on using a respective random interleaver to mix (e.g., interleave) bit indices having the same polarization (e.g., same error protection level) across a plurality of sub-carrier modulation constellations associated with a wireless transmission, in accordance with some examples. For example, the interleaver scheme 900 can include a fist error protection group random interleaver 950-1 and a second error protection group random interleaver 950-2. The interleaver 950-1 can implement an interleaving pattern that is different from a respective interleaving pattern implemented 49 by the interleaver 950-2. For instance, interleavers 950-1 and 950-2 can each implement a respective random unique interleaving pattern, which can be a configured interleaving pattern associated with the respective interleaver and re-used for interleaving of various different polar code 910 inputs. id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156"

[0156] The interleavers 950-1 and 950-2 may be the same as or similar to one or more of the interleavers 850-1 – 850-4 of FIG. 8. The polar code input 910 of FIG. 9 is the same as the polar code input 810 of FIG. 8, and includes a bit index 1 group of bits 915-1, a bit index 2 group of bits 915-2, a bit index 3 group of bits 915-3, and a bit index group of bits 915-4. id="p-157" id="p-157" id="p-157"

[0157] Each of the interleavers 950-1 and 950-2 can be used to perform random interleaving for a respective subset of bits within the polar code input 910, where the respective subsets are disjoint from one another, and where each respective subset can include bits from multiple different bit levels across the different constellations or subcarriers SC1-SC4. For instance, first interleaver 950-1 can perform interleaving for a first error protection group of bits comprising the bit index 1 bits 915-1 and the bit index bits 915-3 of polar code 910, based on the bit index 1 bits 915-1 and the bit index 3 bits 915-3 having the same first error protection level in the polar coding scheme of polar code 910. Second interleaver 950-2 can perform interleaving for a second error protection group of bits comprising the bit index 2 bits 915-2 and the bit index 4 bits 915-4 of polar code 910, based on the bit index 2 bits 915-2 and the bit index 4 bits 915-4 having the same second error protection level in the polar coding scheme of polar code 910. id="p-158" id="p-158" id="p-158"

[0158] For instance, when the polar coded modulation uses a QAM modulation scheme (e.g., 16QAM) with regular Gray labeling (e.g., such as the Gray-labeled 16QAM modulation scheme of the 16QAM constellation 650 of FIG. 6) is used, the horizontal real axis (e.g., I component) of the 16QAM constellation 650 and the vertical imaginary axis (e.g., Q component) of the 16QAM constellation 650 are isomorphic. id="p-159" id="p-159" id="p-159"

[0159] Based on both axes of the constellation diagram (e.g., 16QAM constellation diagram 650) being isomorphic, the i-th bit in each respective dimension can be treated together during polar code interleaving at a first interleaver (e.g., first error protection group interleaver 950-1). For instance, the MSB of the real part and the MSB of the imaginary part can be treated together during polar code interleaving, and the LSB of the real part and the LSB of the imaginary part can be treated together during polar code 50 interleaving at a second interleaver (e.g., second error protection group interleaver 950-2). id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160"

[0160] Each of the random interleavers (e.g., interleaver 950-1 and interleaver 950-2) can perform interleaving for a group of multiple bit indices that have the same error protection properties in the polar coding scheme associated with polar code 910. For instance, the first interleaver 950-1 can perform interleaving for the group of most significant bits (MSBs) in the polar coding scheme associated with polar code 910, corresponding to the bit index 1 bits 915-1 and the bit index 3 bits 915-3. The second interleaver 950-2 can perform interleaving for the group of least significant bits (LSBs) in the polar coding scheme associated with polar code 910, corresponding to the bit index bits 915-2 and the bit index 4 bits 915-4. id="p-161" id="p-161" id="p-161"

[0161] In one illustrative example, the first error protection group interleaver 950-1 can interleave between bit index 1 and bit index 3 of the different constellations (e.g., subcarriers SC1–SC4) and the second error protection group interleaver 950-2 can interleave between bit index 2 and bit index 4 of the different constellations (e.g., subcarriers SC1-SC4). id="p-162" id="p-162" id="p-162"

[0162] For instance, bit index 1 of constellation 1 (e.g., SC1) can be switched with bit index 1 or bit index 3 of any of constellations 2-4 (e.g., SC2-4) and can additionally be switched within constellation 1 (e.g., SC1) with bit index 3 only. For instance, given J constellations (e.g., SC1-SCj), bit B1(1) can be switched with the B1(j) bit or the B3(j) bit from constellation Mj for any j ∈ J. id="p-163" id="p-163" id="p-163"

[0163] In some aspects, the first error protection group interleaver 950-1 can implement any interleaving pattern for the first error protection group bits {B1(1), B1(2), B1(3), B1(4), B3(1), B3(2), B3(3), B3(4)} and the second error protection group interleaver 950-2 can implement any interleaving pattern for the second error protection group bits {B 2(1), B2(2), B2(3), B2(4), B4(1), B4(2), B4(3), B4(4)}, where the interleaving patterns implemented by the first and second interleavers 950-1 and 950-2 are different from each other. id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164"

[0164] In one illustrative example, the interleaved bit index 1 bits 975-1 of interleaved polar code 970 can include reordered bits from a combination of the bit index 1 bits 915-and the bit index 3 bits 915-3 of polar code 910. Additionally, the interleaved bit index 51 3 bits 975-3 of interleaved polar code 970 can include reordered bits from a combination of the bit index 1 bits 915-1 and the bit index 3 bits 915-3 of polar code 910. id="p-165" id="p-165" id="p-165"

[0165] The interleaved bit index 2 bits 975-2 of interleaved polar code 970 can include reordered bits from a combination of the bit index 2 bits 915-2 and the bit index 4 bits 915-4 of polar code 910. Additionally, the interleaved bit index 4 bits 975-4 of interleaved polar code 970 can include reordered bits from a combination of the bit index 2 bits 915-and the bit index 4 bits 915-4 of polar code 910. id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166"

[0166] In the 16QAM example with 4-bit constellation symbols transmitted on each of four different subcarriers SC1-SC4, the first error protection group can correspond to the bit index 1 and bit index 3 columns within polar code 910, and the second error protection group can correspond to the bit index 2 and bit index 4 columns within polar code 910. Bit indexes 1 and 3 can have the same error protection properties in the polar coding scheme of polar code 910 based on bit indexes 1 and 3 having rotational symmetry between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram 650 of FIG. 6. Bit indexes 2 and 4 can have the same error protection properties (but different from those of bit indexes 1 and 3) based on bit indexes 2 and 4 having rotational symmetry between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram 650 of FIG. 6. id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167"

[0167] Bit index 1 has different error protection properties from bit indexes 2 and 4, based on bit index 1 not having rotational symmetry with bit indexes 2 and 4 between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram. Bit index 3 has different error protection properties from bit indexes 2 and 4, based on bit index 3 not having rotational symmetry with bit indexes 2 and 4 between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram. Additionally, bit index 2 has different error protection properties from bit indexes 1 and 3, based on bit index 2 not having rotational symmetry with bit indexes 1 and 3 between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram. Bit index 4 has different error protection properties from bit indexes 1 and 3, based on bit index 4 not having rotational symmetry with bit indexes 1 and 3 between the real and imaginary axes of the constellation diagram. id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168"

[0168] In one illustrative example, the different error protection group interleavers (e.g., first and second interleavers 950-1 and 950-2) can correspond to different bit indices within the respective subset of bits corresponding to the real portion or dimension of the 52 constellation diagram and within the respective subset of bits correspond to the imaginary portion or dimension of the constellation diagram. id="p-169" id="p-169" id="p-169"

[0169] For instance, FIG. 9 depicts a 16QAM example with 4 bits per symbol. In addition to the bit indexes described above corresponding to different bit positions within the symbol (e.g., {b1, b2, b3, b4} for a 4-bit symbol encoding), the 4-bit symbols can additionally be indexed as {Re1, Re2, Im1, Im2}. id="p-170" id="p-170" id="p-170"

[0170] The bit index 1 position is the first bit of the real portion of the constellation symbol (e.g., is the real portion MSB). The bit index 2 position is the second bit of the real portion of the constellation symbol (e.g., is the real portion LSB). The bit index position is the first bit of the imaginary portion of the constellation symbol (e.g., is the imaginary portion MSB). The bit index 4 position is the second bit of the imaginary portion of the constellation symbol (e.g., is the imaginary portion LSB). In one illustrative example, the first error protection level group corresponding to the first interleaver 950-and the bit indexes 1 and 3 within polar code 910 is the MSB error protection level grouping. The second error protection level group corresponding to the second interleaver 950-2 and the bit indexes 2 and 4 is the LSB error protection level grouping. id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171"

[0171] When a modulation scheme with a greater number of bits per symbol is used, additional interleavers 950-n can be used for each additional error protection level grouping. id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172"

[0172] For example, a modulation scheme using 8 bits per symbol can be indexed as the bit positions {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8} and can also be indexed as the real and imaginary portions {Re1, Re2, Re3, Re4, Im1, Im2, Im3, Im4}. When the modulation scheme constellation diagram uses Gray labeling (e.g., regular Gray labeling), both axes of the constellation diagram (Re and Im) are isomorphic (e.g., between the Re and Im axes of the constellation diagram, there is rotational symmetry for the i-th Re bit and the i-th Im bit). In some aspects, a respective error protection group level interleaver can be used for each of the i-th pairs of Re and Im bits of a modulated symbol. id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173"

[0173] For instance, four error protection group level interleavers can be used to interleave the 8-bit symbols in the example above. A first interleaver corresponds to and interleaves the first Re and Im bits (b1 and b5 indexes, respectively), a second interleaver corresponds to and interleaves the second Re and Im bits (b2 and b6 indexes, 53 respectively), a third interleaver corresponds to and interleaves the third Re and Im bits (b3 and b7 indexes, respectively), and a fourth interleaver corresponds to and interleaves the fourth Re and Im bits (b4 and b8 indexes, respectively). id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174"

[0174] In some aspects, the polar coded modulation interleaver can be implemented for downlink (DL) transmissions between a first network entity (e.g., gNB, base station, etc.) and a second network entity (e.g., gNB, base station, UE, etc.). In some examples, the polar coded modulation interleaver can be implemented for uplink (UL) transmissions from the second network entity to the first network entity. id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175"

[0175] In some examples, a UE can be configured to transmit to a network entity information indicative of the UE interleaving capability. For instance, the UE can transmit the UE interleaving capability information upon connection establishment with a network entity (e.g., gNB, base station, etc.). The UE interleaving capability information can correspond to the UE capability to interleave different bits according to different bit error protection levels for a polar coding scheme. id="p-176" id="p-176" id="p-176"

[0176] In some aspects, the UE can transmit interleaving capability information indicative of whether the UE supports polar code interleaving with a respective interleaver for each bit index of a constellation symbol (e.g., as in the example of FIG. 8), polar code interleaving with a respective interleaver for each different group of bit indexes with the same error protection level (e.g., as in the example of FIG. 9), or both. id="p-177" id="p-177" id="p-177"

[0177] In some cases, the UE can transmit information (e.g., interleaving capability information) indicative of the particular one or more modulation constellations that are supported for each of the two interleaving options. In some examples, the UE can indicate interleaving preference information for one or more of the supported modulation constellations. In some cases, the UE can indicate interleaving preference information between the polar code interleaving scheme 800 of FIG. 8 and the polar code interleaving scheme 900 of FIG. 9. The interleaving preference information may correspond to a particular modulation constellation, a particular modulation coding scheme (MCS), a particular code block (CB) size, etc. The interleaving preference information may indicate a preference for no interleaving to be used or configured, for symbol-level interleaving to be used or configured, or for bit-level by error protection group interleaving to be used or configured. 54 id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178"

[0178] The preference for bit-level by error protection group interleaving can correspond to one (or both) of the polar code interleaving scheme 800 of FIG. 8 and the polar code interleaving scheme 900 of FIG. 9. id="p-179" id="p-179" id="p-179"

[0179] In some examples, once the UE is in connected mode with the network entity (e.g., gNB, base station, etc.) that received the UE interleaving capability information and/or the UE interleaving preference information, the network entity can transmit (and the UE can receive) information indicative of a configured interleaver. For instance, the information transmitted by the network entity and received by the UE can be indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for higher-order polar coded modulations used for DL transmission from the network entity to the UE, a configured interleaving scheme for higher-order polar coded modulations used for UL transmission from the UE to the network entity, or both. The UL and DL configured interleaving schemes can be the same as one another or can be different. id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180"

[0180] In some aspects, the network entity can signal the configured interleaving scheme information to the UE, where the configured interleaving scheme is selected or determined based on channel condition information, SNR information, working MCS, rank, size, etc., information. The configured interleaving scheme may additionally be selected or determined based on interference information, power delay profile (PDP) information, etc. id="p-181" id="p-181" id="p-181"

[0181] In some examples, the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme can be included in downlink control information (DCI). For instance, DCI indicative of the configured interleaving scheme can be used when rapid changes in the configured interleaving scheme(s) are occurring. id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182"

[0182] In some examples, the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme can be included in a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), for instance in examples where the same interleaving scheme is configured and used for multiple consecutive slots. id="p-183" id="p-183" id="p-183"

[0183] In some aspects, the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme can be included in one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages. For instance, RRC messages indicative of configured interleaving scheme information can be used when the interleaving scheme configured and used is constant or semi-constant. In 55 some cases, the configured interleaving scheme information can be defined based on a lookup t able (LUT) with inputs of MCS, rank, constellation. id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184"

[0184] In some examples, a UE can report to a network entity (e.g., gNB, base station, etc.) if the currently configured interleaving scheme is not optimal, for instance based on self-calculation performed by the UE based on one or more of the channel PDP, surrounding interferers and/or other sources causing non-Gaussian noise, etc. id="p-185" id="p-185" id="p-185"

[0185] In some cases, the network entity can configure the UE to use a particular polar code interleaving scheme for UL transmission from the UE to the network entity. For instance, the network entity can configure the UE to use a particular polar code interleaving scheme for polar coded physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions, polar coded physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions, etc. As noted previously above, the interleaving schemes that can be implemented using the systems and techniques described herein can correspond to polar coded modulation and/or can be used to perform interleaving for various other non-equal protection codes. In some examples, the network entity can transmit to the UE information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme, where the interleaving scheme that is to be used or configured switches based on the encoder or decoder that is used. For instance, the interleaving scheme configuration information can be indicative of a first configured interleaving scheme corresponding to use of an LDPC encoder and a second configured interleaving scheme corresponding to use of a polar encoder. id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186"

[0186] FIG. 10 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example of a process 1000 for wireless communication. The process 1000 may be performed by a network entity or network device (or apparatus) or a component (e.g., a chipset, codec, etc.) of the network entity or device. The network entity may be a UE (e.g., the UE 104 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and/or FIG. 3, the wireless device 407 of FIG. 4, or other UE). The network entity (e.g., UE) can be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a network-connected wearable such as a watch, an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device or augmented reality (AR) device), a vehicle or component or system of a vehicle, or other type of computing device configured to perform wireless communications. The operations of the process 1000 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, the TX MIMO processor 266, the MIMO detector 256 of FIG. 2, the 56 processor(s) 484 of FIG. 4, the processor 1110 of FIG. 11, or other processor(s)). Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the network entity in the process 1000 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas, one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver(s)), and/or other communication components (e.g., the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, the TX MIMO processor 266, the MIMO detector 256, the modulator(s)/demodulator(s) 254a through 254t, and/or the antenna(es) 252a through 252t of FIG. 2, the antenna(es) 487 of FIG. 4, the wireless transceiver(s) 478 of FIG. 4, the communication interface 1140 of FIG. 11, or other antennae(s), transceiver(s), and/or component(s)). id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187"

[0187] In some cases, the process 1000 may be performed by a network entity that may be a base station (e.g., an eNB, a gNB, etc.) or a portion of a base station (e.g., one or more of a CU, a DU, a RU, a Near-RT RIC, and/or a Non-RT RIC, such as the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, the Near-RT RIC 325, and/or the Non-RT RIC 315 of the disaggregated base station 300 of FIG. 3), server device, or other network entity. The operations of the process 1100 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., the transmit processor 220, the receive processor 238, the TX MIMO processor 230, the MIMO detector 236 of FIG. 2 and/or the processor 1110 of FIG. 11, or other processor(s)). Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the network entity in the process 1100 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas, one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver(s)), and/or other communication components (e.g., the transmit processor 220, the receive processor 238, the TX MIMO processor 230, the MIMO detector 236, the modulator(s)/demodulator(s) 232a through 232t, and/or the antenna(es) 234a through 234t of FIG. 2, the communication interface 1140 of FIG. 11, or other antennae(s), transceiver(s), and/or component(s)). id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188"

[0188] At block 1002, the network entity (or component thereof) can obtain an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation. id="p-189" id="p-189" id="p-189"

[0189] In some examples, the plurality of polar coded bits can be the same as or similar to the polar coded bits 715 of FIG. 7A. For instance, the input bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits can be obtained from a polar encoder, such as the polar encoder 710 57 of FIG. 7A. In some examples, the plurality of polar coded bits can be the same as or similar to the plurality of polar coded and non-interleaved bits 810 of FIG. 8, and/or the plurality of polar coded and non-interleaved bits 910 of FIG. 9. id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190"

[0190] In some cases, the plurality of bit indexes can include the bit indexes 1-4 of FIG. (e.g., the first bit index 815-1, second bit index 815-2, third bit index 815-3, fourth bit index 815-4) and/or the bit indexes 1-4 of FIG. 9 (e.g., the first bit index 915-1, second bit index 915-2, third bit index 915-3, fourth bit index 915-4). In some cases, the plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation can be the same as or similar to the subcarriers SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 of FIG 8 and/or FIG. 9. id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191"

[0191] In some cases, the plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers is the same. For instance, the plurality of subcarriers (e.g., SC1-SC4 of FIG. 8 and/or FIG. 9) can be associated with the same plurality of bit indexes (e.g., Bit Index 1 – Bit Index 4 of FIG. 8 and/or FIG. 9). In some examples, a number of bit indexes in the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a modulation order of the polar coded modulation, and the modulation order is greater than a number of dimensions of the polar coded modulation. id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192"

[0192] In some cases, the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order modulation scheme with a modulation order greater than two. For instance, the polar coded modulation can be based on the n-bit polar encoder 560 of FIG. 5, with n > 2. In some cases, the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with a modulation order greater than two. id="p-193" id="p-193" id="p-193"

[0193] In some examples, the network entity is a user equipment (UE) configured to transmit, to a second network entity, interleaving capability information of the UE. For instance, the network entity can be a UE that is the same as or similar to one or more of the UEs of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, etc. In some aspects, the interleaving capability information is indicative of one or more of: one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes of the UE, and/or one or more modulation constellations supported for each supported polar code interleaving scheme of the one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes. The supported polar code interleaving schemes of the UE can be associated with a polar code interleaver 720 of FIG. 7A, implemented by the UE, and/or can be associated with a polar code de-interleaver 770 of FIG. 7B, implemented by the UE. The one or more modulation constellations can be the same as or similar to the example Gray labeled 16QAM modulation constellation 650 of FIG. 6. 58 id="p-194" id="p-194" id="p-194"

[0194] In some cases, the network entity (e.g., UE) can transmit, to a second network entity, UE preference information indicative of a particular interleaving scheme for interleaved polar coded modulation. In some cases, the network entity (e.g., UE) can receive, from the second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation, wherein the configured interleaving scheme is based on the interleaving capability information of the UE. In some examples, receiving the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation comprises receiving, from the second network entity, one or more of downlink control information (DCI), a Media Access Control (MAC)-Control Element (MAC-CE), or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. id="p-195" id="p-195" id="p-195"

[0195] At block 1004, the network entity (or component thereof) can apply a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-196" id="p-196" id="p-196"

[0196] For instance, the first interleaving pattern can be applied using a polar code interleaver the same as or similar to the polar code interleavers 720 of FIG. 7A. In some examples, the first interleaving pattern can be applied using the Bit Index 1 random interleaver 850-1 of FIG. 8. In some cases, the first interleaving pattern can be applied using the first error protection group random interleaver 950-1 of FIG. 9. In some examples, to apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a first subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-197" id="p-197" id="p-197"

[0197] In some examples, the first subset of polar coded bits can include the one or more polar coded bits 815-1 associated with the Bit Index 1 of FIG. 8 and/or can include the one or more polar coded bits 915-1 associated with the Bit Index 1 of FIG. 9. In some cases, the first subset of polar coded bits includes only the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 815-1 of FIG. 8 or the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 915-1 of FIG. 9. In some examples, the first subset of polar coded bits includes the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 815-1/915-and additionally includes polar coded bits associated with a different bit index of the plurality of bit indexes (e.g., the Bit Index 2 polar coded bits 815-2/915-2; the Bit Index polar coded bits 815-3/915-3; the Bit Index 4 polar coded bits 815-4/915-4; etc.). 59 id="p-198" id="p-198" id="p-198"

[0198] In some cases, the network entity is configured to receive, from a second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation. The network entity can apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset based on the configured interleaving scheme. In some examples, to apply the first interleaving pattern, the network entity is configured to reorder at least a portion of the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits to corresponding bit sequence positions different from the input bit sequence. For instance, to apply the first interleaving pattern, the network entity can reorder the Bit Index 1 bits 815-1 of FIG. 8 into the reordered polar coded bits 875-1 of FIG. 8. id="p-199" id="p-199" id="p-199"

[0199] In some examples, a reordered polar coded bit of the first subset is associated with a configured bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. The configured bit index can be different from the first bit index. For instance, the configured bit index for reordering the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 815-1 of FIG. 8 can be any of Bit Index 2, Bit Index 3, and/or Bit Index 4. In some examples, the configured bit index is based on the first interleaving pattern (e.g., the interleaving pattern configured for and/or applied using the Bit Index 1 random interleaver 850-1 of FIG. 8). id="p-200" id="p-200" id="p-200"

[0200] At block 1006, the network entity (or component thereof) can apply a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern. id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201"

[0201] For instance, the second interleaving pattern can be applied using a polar code interleaver the same as or similar to the polar code interleavers 720 of FIG. 7A. In some examples, the second interleaving pattern can be applied using the Bit Index 2 random interleaver 850-2 of FIG. 8. In some cases, the second interleaving pattern can be applied using the second error protection group random interleaver 950-2 of FIG. 9. In some examples, to apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a second subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-202" id="p-202" id="p-202"

[0202] In some examples, the second subset of polar coded bits can include the one or more polar coded bits 815-2 associated with the Bit Index 2 of FIG. 8 and/or can include the one or more polar coded bits 915-2 associated with the Bit Index 2 of FIG. 9. In some 60 cases, the second subset of polar coded bits includes only the Bit Index 2 polar coded bits 815-2 of FIG. 8 or the Bit Index 2 polar coded bits 915-2 of FIG. 9. In some examples, the second subset of polar coded bits includes the Bit Index 2 polar coded bits 815-2/915-and additionally includes polar coded bits associated with a different bit index of the plurality of bit indexes (e.g., the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 815-1/915-1; the Bit Index polar coded bits 815-3/915-3; the Bit Index 4 polar coded bits 815-4/915-4; etc.). id="p-203" id="p-203" id="p-203"

[0203] In some cases, to apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a second subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes. The second subset of bit indexes can be different from the first subset of bit indexes. id="p-204" id="p-204" id="p-204"

[0204] In some examples, the first interleaving pattern and the second interleaving pattern are included in a plurality of interleaving patterns. Each respective bit index of the plurality of bit indexes can be associated with a single respective interleaving pattern of the plurality of interleaving patterns. In some cases, the network entity is configured to receive, from a second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation. The network entity (e.g., UE) can apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset based on the configured interleaving scheme, and can apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset based on the configured interleaving scheme. id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205"

[0205] In some cases, the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. The plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers can be the same. In some instances, the respective interleaving pattern for the first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the first interleaving pattern, and the respective interleaving pattern for the second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the second interleaving pattern. id="p-206" id="p-206" id="p-206"

[0206] In some examples, each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation. In some cases, the network entity is configured to apply the respective interleaving pattern for each bit index to interleave polar coded bits of a same error protection level. 61 id="p-207" id="p-207" id="p-207"

[0207] In some cases, the network entity is configured to apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index to a corresponding subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a number of polar coded bits included in the corresponding subset is equal to a number of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-208" id="p-208" id="p-208"

[0208] In some examples, the network entity is configured to apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index using a corresponding random interleaver of a plurality of random interleavers. For instance, the corresponding random interleaver can be selected from the plurality of random interleavers comprising the Bit Index 1 random interleavers 850-1 of FIG. 8, the Bit Index 2 random interleaver 850-2 of FIG. 8, the Bit Index 3 random interleaver 850-3 of FIG. 8, and the Bit Index 4 random interleaver 850-4 of FIG. 4. In some cases, each corresponding subset includes one respective polar coded bit associated with each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-209" id="p-209" id="p-209"

[0209] In some cases, the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each group of two or more groups of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes. In some cases, the first interleaving pattern comprises the respective interleaving pattern for a first group of bit indexes including the first bit index and a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. The second interleaving pattern may comprise the respective interleaving pattern for a second group of bit indexes including the second bit index and a fourth bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210"

[0210] In some cases, the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits further includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes and a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. For instance, the first subset can include the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 815-1 and the Bit Index 3 polar coded bits 815-3 of FIG. 8, or the Bit Index 1 polar coded bits 915-1 and the Bit Index 3 polar coded bits 915-3 of FIG. 9. id="p-211" id="p-211" id="p-211"

[0211] In some examples, the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits includes a real-valued most significant bit (MSB) and an imaginary-valued MSB corresponding to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. The second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits can include a real-valued least significant bit (LSB) and an imaginary-valued LSB correspond to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. In some cases, each group of the two or more groups of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal 62 error protection associated with the polar coded modulation. In some examples, the two or more groups of bit indexes include a first group of bit indexes corresponding to a first error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation. id="p-212" id="p-212" id="p-212"

[0212] For instance, the first group of bit indexes can be the group of Bit Index 1 and Bit Index 3 polar coded bits 915-1 and 915-3 (respectively) of FIG. 9, which may correspond to a first error protection level of an unequal error protection, and may be interleaved using the first error protection group random interleaver 950-1 of FIG. 9. id="p-213" id="p-213" id="p-213"

[0213] A second group of bit indexes can correspond to a second error protection level of the unequal error protection, wherein the second error protection level is different from the first error protection level. For instance, the second group of bit indexes can be the group of Bit Index 2 and Bit Index 4 polar coded bits 915-2 and 915-4 (respectively) of FIG. 9, which may correspond to a second error protection level of the unequal error protection, and may be interleaved using the second error protection group random interleaver 950-2 of FIG. 9. In some cases, the two or more groups of bit indexes are based on isomorphic dimensions of a modulation constellation corresponding to the polar coded modulation, and wherein the modulation constellation is associated with regular Gray labeling (e.g., such as the regular Gray labeling associated with the example 16QAM modulation constellation 650 of FIG. 6). id="p-214" id="p-214" id="p-214"

[0214] At block 1008, the network entity (or component thereof) can output an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. id="p-215" id="p-215" id="p-215"

[0215] The interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits can be associated with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission of the network entity. For instance, the interleaved bit sequence can be the same as or similar to the interleaved polar coded bits 725 of FIG. 7A (e.g., generated using the polar code interleaver 720 of FIG. 7A). In some cases, the interleaved bit sequence can be the same as or similar to the demodulated bits 765 of FIG. 7B. In some aspects, the interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits can be the same as or similar to the interleaved bit sequence 870 of FIG. 8 and/or the interleaved bit sequence 970 of FIG. 9. 63 id="p-216" id="p-216" id="p-216"

[0216] In some examples, the network entity is further configured to modulate the interleaved bit sequence using a modulation scheme corresponding to the polar coded modulation. For instance, the network entity can modulate the interleaved bit sequence using the modulator 730 of FIG. 7A. In some examples, the network entity can transmit, to a second network entity, modulated information corresponding to the interleaved bit sequence. For instance, the modulated information can be the same as or similar to the modulated symbols 735 of FIG. 7A and/or the modulated symbols 755 of FIG. 7B. id="p-217" id="p-217" id="p-217"

[0217] In some cases, the network entity is a user equipment (UE) and the second network entity is a base station. The modulated information can be included in an uplink transmission from the UE to the base station. id="p-218" id="p-218" id="p-218"

[0218] In some cases, the network entity is a base station and the second network entity is a user equipment (UE). The modulated information can be included in a downlink transmission from the base station to the UE. id="p-219" id="p-219" id="p-219"

[0219] In some cases, the computing device or apparatus configured to perform the process 1000 may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and/or other component(s) that are configured to carry out the steps of processes described herein. In some examples, the computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to communicate and/or receive the data, any combination thereof, and/or other component(s). The one or more network interfaces may be configured to communicate and/or receive wired and/or wireless data, including data according to the 3G, 4G, 5G, and/or other cellular standard, data according to the WiFi (802.11x) standards, data according to the BluetoothTM standard, data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard, and/or other types of data. id="p-220" id="p-220" id="p-220"

[0220] The components of the computing device may be implemented in circuitry. For example, the components may include and/or may be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which may include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), central processing units (CPUs), and/or other suitable electronic circuits), and/or may include and/or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof, to perform the various operations described herein. 64 id="p-221" id="p-221" id="p-221"

[0221] The process 1000 is illustrated as a logical flow diagram, the operation of which represent a sequence of operations that may be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement the processes. id="p-222" id="p-222" id="p-222"

[0222] Additionally, the process 1000 and/or other process described herein, may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program comprising a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors. The computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may be non-transitory. id="p-223" id="p-223" id="p-223"

[0223] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. In particular, FIG. 11 illustrates an example of computing system 1100, which may be for example any computing device making up internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof in which the components of the system are in communication with each other using connection 1105. Connection 1105 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1110, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 11may also be a virtual connection, networked connection, or logical connection. id="p-224" id="p-224" id="p-224"

[0224] In some aspects, computing system 1100 is a distributed system in which the functions described in this disclosure may be distributed within a datacenter, multiple data centers, a peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represents many such components each performing some or all of the 65 function for which the component is described. In some aspects, the components may be physical or virtual devices. id="p-225" id="p-225" id="p-225"

[0225] Example system 1100 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1110 and connection 1105 that communicatively couples various system components including system memory 1115, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1120 and random access memory (RAM) 1125 to processor 1110. Computing system 1100 may include a cache 1114 of high-speed memory connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of processor 1110. id="p-226" id="p-226" id="p-226"

[0226] Processor 1110 may include any general-purpose processor and a hardware service or software service, such as services 1132, 1134, and 1136 stored in storage device 1130, configured to control processor 1110 as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 11may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric. id="p-227" id="p-227" id="p-227"

[0227] To enable user interaction, computing system 1100 includes an input device 1145, which may represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, etc. Computing system 1100 may also include output device 1135, which may be one or more of a number of output mechanisms. In some instances, multimodal systems may enable a user to provide multiple types of input/output to communicate with computing system 1100. id="p-228" id="p-228" id="p-228"

[0228] Computing system 1100 may include communications interface 1140, which may generally govern and manage the user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receipt and/or transmission wired or wireless communications using wired and/or wireless transceivers, including those making use of an audio jack/plug, a microphone jack/plug, a universal serial bus (USB) port/plug, an AppleTM LightningTM port/plug, an Ethernet port/plug, a fiber optic port/plug, a proprietary wired port/plug, 3G, 4G, 5G and/or other cellular data network wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM low energy (BLE) wireless signal transfer, an IBEACONTM wireless signal transfer, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transfer, near-field communications (NFC) wireless signal 66 transfer, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transfer, 802.Wi-Fi wireless signal transfer, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transfer, Visible Light Communication (VLC), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transfer, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) signal transfer, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signal transfer, ad-hoc network signal transfer, radio wave signal transfer, microwave signal transfer, infrared signal transfer, visible light signal transfer, ultraviolet light signal transfer, wireless signal transfer along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof. The communications interface 1140 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers that are used to determine a location of the computing system 1100 based on receipt of one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the US-based Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russia-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the China-based BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the Europe-based Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed. id="p-229" id="p-229" id="p-229"

[0229] Storage device 1130 may be a non-volatile and/or non-transitory and/or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which may store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, a magnetic strip/stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disc, a rewritable compact disc (CD) optical disc, digital video disk (DVD) optical disc, a blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disc, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory Stick® card, a smartcard chip, a EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini/micro/nano/pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip/card, random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), 67 flash EPROM (FLASHEPROM), cache memory (e.g., Level 1 (L1) cache, Level 2 (L2) cache, Level 3 (L3) cache, Level 4 (L4) cache, Level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache), resistive random-access memory (RRAM/ReRAM), phase change memory (PCM), spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or cartridge, and/or a combination thereof. id="p-230" id="p-230" id="p-230"

[0230] The storage device 1130 may include software services, servers, services, etc., that when the code that defines such software is executed by the processor 1110, it causes the system to perform a function. In some aspects, a hardware service that performs a particular function may include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as processor 1110, connection 1105, output device 1135, etc., to carry out the function. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction(s) and/or data. A computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory medium in which data may be stored and that does not include carrier waves and/or transitory electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over wired connections. Examples of a non-transitory medium may include, but are not limited to, a magnetic disk or tape, optical storage media such as compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD), flash memory, memory or memory devices. A computer-readable medium may have stored thereon code and/or machine-executable instructions that may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, or the like. id="p-231" id="p-231" id="p-231"

[0231] Specific details are provided in the description above to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, while illustrative aspects of the application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited 68 by the prior art. Various features and aspects of the above-described application may be used individually or jointly. Further, aspects may be utilized in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein without departing from the broader scope of the specification. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate aspects, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described. id="p-232" id="p-232" id="p-232"

[0232] For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. Additional components may be used other than those shown in the figures and/or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the aspects in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the aspects. id="p-233" id="p-233" id="p-233"

[0233] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. id="p-234" id="p-234" id="p-234"

[0234] Individual aspects may be described above as a process or method which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations 69 are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function. id="p-235" id="p-235" id="p-235"

[0235] Processes and methods according to the above-described examples may be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used may be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on. id="p-236" id="p-236" id="p-236"

[0236] In some aspects the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories may include a cable or wireless signal containing a bitstream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se. id="p-237" id="p-237" id="p-237"

[0237] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, in some cases depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc. id="p-238" id="p-238" id="p-238"

[0238] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and may take any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code 70 segments to perform the necessary tasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor(s) may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include laptops, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rackmount devices, standalone devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also may be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality may also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example. id="p-239" id="p-239" id="p-239"

[0239] The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functions described in the disclosure. id="p-240" id="p-240" id="p-240"

[0240] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods, algorithms, and/or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may comprise memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed, read, and/or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves. 71 id="p-241" id="p-241" id="p-241"

[0241] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term "processor," as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. id="p-242" id="p-242" id="p-242"

[0242] One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terminology used herein may be replaced with less than or equal to ("≤") and greater than or equal to ("≥") symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of this description. id="p-243" id="p-243" id="p-243"

[0243] Where components are described as being "configured to" perform certain operations, such configuration may be accomplished, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operation, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operation, or any combination thereof. id="p-244" id="p-244" id="p-244"

[0244] The phrase "coupled to" or "communicatively coupled to" refers to any component that is physically connected to another component either directly or indirectly, and/or any component that is in communication with another component (e.g., connected to the other component over a wired or wireless connection, and/or other suitable communication interface) either directly or indirectly. id="p-245" id="p-245" id="p-245"

[0245] Claim language or other language reciting "at least one of" a set and/or "one or more" of a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language reciting "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, 72 C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any duplicate information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, and so on), or any other ordering, duplication, or combination of A, B, and C. The language "at least one of" a set and/or "one or more" of a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language reciting "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B. The phrases "at least one" and "one or more" are used interchangeably herein. id="p-246" id="p-246" id="p-246"

[0246] Claim language or other language reciting "at least one processor configured to," "at least one processor being configured to," "one or more processors configured to," "one or more processors being configured to," or the like indicates that one processor or multiple processors (in any combination) can perform the associated operation(s). For example, claim language reciting "at least one processor configured to: X, Y , and Z" means a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y , and Z; or that multiple processors are each tasked with a certain subset of operations X, Y , and Z such that together the multiple processors perform X, Y , and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y , and Z. In another example, claim language reciting "at least one processor configured to: X, Y , and Z" can mean that any single processor may only perform at least a subset of operations X, Y , and Z. id="p-247" id="p-247" id="p-247"

[0247] Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and/or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. id="p-248" id="p-248" id="p-248"

[0248] Where reference is made to an entity (e.g., any entity or device described herein) performing functions or being configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method), the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) 73 to perform the functions. The one or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more (or all) of the functions, and/or any combination thereof. Where reference to the entity performing functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components) and/or each function need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function). id="p-249" id="p-249" id="p-249"

[0249] Illustrative aspects of the disclosure include: id="p-250" id="p-250" id="p-250"

[0250] Aspect 1. A network entity for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the network entity is configured to: obtain an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; apply a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; apply a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and output an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. id="p-251" id="p-251" id="p-251"

[0251] Aspect 2. The network entity of Aspect 1, wherein: to apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a first subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes; to apply the second interleaving pattern to the 74 second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a second subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes; and the second subset of bit indexes is different from the first subset of bit indexes. id="p-252" id="p-252" id="p-252"

[0252] Aspect 3. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein: the first interleaving pattern and the second interleaving pattern are included in a plurality of interleaving patterns; and each respective bit index of the plurality of bit indexes is associated with a single respective interleaving pattern of the plurality of interleaving patterns. id="p-253" id="p-253" id="p-253"

[0253] Aspect 4. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein, to apply the first interleaving pattern, the network entity is configured to reorder at least a portion of the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits to corresponding bit sequence positions different from the input bit sequence, wherein: a reordered polar coded bit of the first subset is associated with a configured bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; the configured bit index is different from the first bit index; and the configured bit index is based on the first interleaving pattern. id="p-254" id="p-254" id="p-254"

[0254] Aspect 5. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein: the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order modulation scheme with a modulation order greater than two. id="p-255" id="p-255" id="p-255"

[0255] Aspect 6. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein: the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with a modulation order greater than two; and the interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission of the network entity. id="p-256" id="p-256" id="p-256"

[0256] Aspect 7. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers is the same. id="p-257" id="p-257" id="p-257"

[0257] Aspect 8. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein: a number of bit indexes in the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a modulation order of the polar coded modulation; and the modulation order is greater than a number of dimensions of the polar coded modulation. 75 id="p-258" id="p-258" id="p-258"

[0258] Aspect 9. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the network entity is configured to: receive, from a second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation; apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset based on the configured interleaving scheme; and apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset based on the configured interleaving scheme. id="p-259" id="p-259" id="p-259"

[0259] Aspect 10. The network entity of Aspect 9, wherein the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers is the same. id="p-260" id="p-260" id="p-260"

[0260] Aspect 11. The network entity of Aspect 10, wherein the respective interleaving pattern for the first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the first interleaving pattern, and wherein the respective interleaving pattern for the second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the second interleaving pattern. id="p-261" id="p-261" id="p-261"

[0261] Aspect 12. The network entity of any of Aspects 10 to 11, wherein: each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation. id="p-262" id="p-262" id="p-262"

[0262] Aspect 13. The network entity of Aspect 12, wherein the network entity is configured to: apply the respective interleaving pattern for each bit index to interleave polar coded bits of a same error protection level. id="p-263" id="p-263" id="p-263"

[0263] Aspect 14. The network entity of any of Aspects 10 to 13, wherein the network entity is configured to: apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index to a corresponding subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a number of polar coded bits included in the corresponding subset is equal to a number of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-264" id="p-264" id="p-264"

[0264] Aspect 15. The network entity of Aspect 14, wherein: the network entity is configured to apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index using a corresponding random interleaver of a plurality of random interleavers; and each corresponding subset includes one respective polar coded bit associated with each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. 76 id="p-265" id="p-265" id="p-265"

[0265] Aspect 16. The network entity of any of Aspects 9 to 15, wherein the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each group of two or more groups of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-266" id="p-266" id="p-266"

[0266] Aspect 17. The network entity of Aspect 16, wherein: the first interleaving pattern comprises the respective interleaving pattern for a first group of bit indexes including the first bit index and a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; and the second interleaving pattern comprises the respective interleaving pattern for a second group of bit indexes including the second bit index and a fourth bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. id="p-267" id="p-267" id="p-267"

[0267] Aspect 18. The network entity of any of Aspects 16 to 17, wherein: the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits further includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes and a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-268" id="p-268" id="p-268"

[0268] Aspect 19. The network entity of any of Aspects 16 to 18, wherein: the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits includes a real-valued most significant bit (MSB) and an imaginary-valued MSB corresponding to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits includes a real-valued least significant bit (LSB) and an imaginary-valued LSB correspond to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-269" id="p-269" id="p-269"

[0269] Aspect 20. The network entity of any of Aspects 16 to 19, wherein: each group of the two or more groups of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation. id="p-270" id="p-270" id="p-270"

[0270] Aspect 21. The network entity of any of Aspects 16 to 20, wherein the two or more groups of bit indexes include: a first group of bit indexes corresponding to a first error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation; and a second group of bit indexes corresponding to a second error protection level of the unequal error protection, wherein the second error protection level is different from the first error protection level. id="p-271" id="p-271" id="p-271"

[0271] Aspect 22. The network entity of any of Aspects 16 to 21, wherein the two or more groups of bit indexes are based on isomorphic dimensions of a modulation 77 constellation corresponding to the polar coded modulation, and wherein the modulation constellation is associated with regular Gray labeling. id="p-272" id="p-272" id="p-272"

[0272] Aspect 23. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 22, wherein the network entity is a user equipment (UE) configured to transmit, to a second network entity, interleaving capability information of the UE, and wherein the interleaving capability information is indicative of one or more of: one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes of the UE; or one or more modulation constellations supported for each supported polar code interleaving scheme of the one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes. id="p-273" id="p-273" id="p-273"

[0273] Aspect 24. The network entity of Aspect 23, wherein the network entity is configured to transmit, to a second network entity, UE preference information indicative of a particular interleaving scheme for interleaved polar coded modulation. id="p-274" id="p-274" id="p-274"

[0274] Aspect 25. The network entity of any of Aspects 23 to 24, wherein the network entity is configured to: receive, from the second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation, wherein the configured interleaving scheme is based on the interleaving capability information of the UE. id="p-275" id="p-275" id="p-275"

[0275] Aspect 26. The network entity of Aspect 25, wherein, to receive the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation, the network entity is configured to: receive, from the second network entity, one or more of downlink control information (DCI), a Media Access Control (MAC)-Control Element (MAC-CE), or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. id="p-276" id="p-276" id="p-276"

[0276] Aspect 27. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 26, wherein the network entity is further configured to: modulate the interleaved bit sequence using a modulation scheme corresponding to the polar coded modulation; and transmit, to a second network entity, modulated information corresponding to the interleaved bit sequence. id="p-277" id="p-277" id="p-277"

[0277] Aspect 28. The network entity of Aspect 27, wherein: the network entity is a user equipment (UE); the second network entity is a base station; and the modulated information is included in an uplink transmission from the UE to the base station. id="p-278" id="p-278" id="p-278"

[0278] Aspect 29. The network entity of any of Aspects 27 to 28, wherein: the network entity is a base station; the second network entity is a user equipment (UE); and the 78 modulated information is included in a downlink transmission from the base station to the UE. id="p-279" id="p-279" id="p-279"

[0279] Aspect 30. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 29, wherein the polar coded modulation is based on 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM), and wherein the plurality of bit indexes comprises four bit indexes used for four respective bits on each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-280" id="p-280" id="p-280"

[0280] Aspect 31. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 30, wherein the polar coded modulation and the interleaved bit sequence are associated with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission of the network entity. id="p-281" id="p-281" id="p-281"

[0281] Aspect 32. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 31, wherein, to apply the first interleaving pattern, the network entity is configured to: reorder at least a portion of the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits to corresponding bit sequence positions different from the input bit sequence, wherein a reordered polar coded bit of the first subset is associated with a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-282" id="p-282" id="p-282"

[0282] Aspect 33. The network entity of any of Aspects 14 to 32, wherein each respective polar coded bit included in the corresponding subset is associated with a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-283" id="p-283" id="p-283"

[0283] Aspect 34. The network entity of any of Aspects 18 to 33, wherein: the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits further includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a fourth bit index of the plurality of bit indexes and a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. id="p-284" id="p-284" id="p-284"

[0284] Aspect 35. The network entity of any of Aspects 23 to 34, wherein the network entity is configured to transmit the interleaving capability information during connection establishment with the second network entity. id="p-285" id="p-285" id="p-285"

[0285] Aspect 36. The network entity of any of Aspects 24 to 35, wherein the configured interleaving scheme is indicative of the first interleaving pattern and the second interleaving pattern. id="p-286" id="p-286" id="p-286"

[0286] Aspect 37. The network entity of Aspect 36, wherein the network entity is configured to: determine the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits based on the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme; and apply the first 79 interleaving pattern to the first subset using the first interleaving pattern of the configured interleaving scheme. id="p-287" id="p-287" id="p-287"

[0287] Aspect 38. The network entity of Aspect 37, wherein the network entity is configured to: determine the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits based on the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme; and apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset using the second interleaving pattern of the configured interleaving scheme. id="p-288" id="p-288" id="p-288"

[0288] Aspect 39. A method for wireless communication, comprising: obtaining an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; applying a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; applying a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and outputting an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset. id="p-289" id="p-289" id="p-289"

[0289] Aspect 40. A method for wireless communication, comprising performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 38. id="p-290" id="p-290" id="p-290"

[0290] Aspect 41. A method comprising performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 38. id="p-291" id="p-291" id="p-291"

[0291] Aspect 42. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising one or more means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 38. id="p-292" id="p-292" id="p-292"

[0292] Aspect 43. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 38. 80 id="p-293" id="p-293" id="p-293"

[0293] Aspect 44. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising one or more means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 38. 81 ABSTRACT Systems and techniques are provided for wireless communication. An input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits each associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation can be obtained. A first interleaving pattern can be applied to a first subset of polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes. A second interleaving pattern can be applied to a second subset of polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, the second interleaving pattern different from the first interleaving pattern. An interleaved bit sequence can be output to include a first portion corresponding to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and a second portion corresponding to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset.

Claims (30)

82 CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A network entity for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the network entity is configured to: obtain an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; apply a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; apply a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and output an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset.

2. The network entity of claim 1, wherein: to apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a first subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes; to apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, the network entity is configured to interleave respective polar coded bits associated with a second subset of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes; and the second subset of bit indexes is different from the first subset of bit indexes. 83

3. The network entity of claim 1, wherein: the first interleaving pattern and the second interleaving pattern are included in a plurality of interleaving patterns; and each respective bit index of the plurality of bit indexes is associated with a single respective interleaving pattern of the plurality of interleaving patterns.

4. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, to apply the first interleaving pattern, the network entity is configured to reorder at least a portion of the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits to corresponding bit sequence positions different from the input bit sequence, wherein: a reordered polar coded bit of the first subset is associated with a configured bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; the configured bit index is different from the first bit index; and the configured bit index is based on the first interleaving pattern.

5. The network entity of claim 1, wherein: the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order modulation scheme with a modulation order greater than two.

6. The network entity of claim 1, wherein: the polar coded modulation is based on a higher-order Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with a modulation order greater than two; and the interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission of the network entity.

7. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers is the same.

8. The network entity of claim 1, wherein: a number of bit indexes in the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a modulation order of the polar coded modulation; and the modulation order is greater than a number of dimensions of the polar coded modulation. 84

9. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the network entity is configured to: receive, from a second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation; apply the first interleaving pattern to the first subset based on the configured interleaving scheme; and apply the second interleaving pattern to the second subset based on the configured interleaving scheme.

10. The network entity of claim 9, wherein the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the plurality of bit indexes for the plurality of subcarriers is the same.

11. The network entity of claim 10, wherein the respective interleaving pattern for the first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the first interleaving pattern, and wherein the respective interleaving pattern for the second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes comprises the second interleaving pattern.

12. The network entity of claim 10, wherein: each bit index of the plurality of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation.

13. The network entity of claim 12, wherein the network entity is configured to: apply the respective interleaving pattern for each bit index to interleave polar coded bits of a same error protection level.

14. The network entity of claim 10, wherein the network entity is configured to: apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index to a corresponding subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a number of polar coded bits included in the corresponding subset is equal to a number of the plurality of subcarriers.

15. The network entity of claim 14, wherein: 85 the network entity is configured to apply the respective interleaving pattern for each respective bit index using a corresponding random interleaver of a plurality of random interleavers; and each corresponding subset includes one respective polar coded bit associated with each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers.

16. The network entity of claim 9, wherein the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation corresponds to a respective interleaving pattern for each group of two or more groups of bit indexes of the plurality of bit indexes.

17. The network entity of claim 16, wherein: the first interleaving pattern comprises the respective interleaving pattern for a first group of bit indexes including the first bit index and a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; and the second interleaving pattern comprises the respective interleaving pattern for a second group of bit indexes including the second bit index and a fourth bit index of the plurality of bit indexes.

18. The network entity of claim 16, wherein: the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits further includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a third bit index of the plurality of bit indexes and a different subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers.

19. The network entity of claim 16, wherein: the first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits includes a real-valued most significant bit (MSB) and an imaginary-valued MSB corresponding to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and the second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits includes a real-valued least significant bit (LSB) and an imaginary-valued LSB correspond to a respective modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers.

20. The network entity of claim 16, wherein: 86 each group of the two or more groups of bit indexes corresponds to a different error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation.

21. The network entity of claim 16, wherein the two or more groups of bit indexes include: a first group of bit indexes corresponding to a first error protection level of an unequal error protection associated with the polar coded modulation; and a second group of bit indexes corresponding to a second error protection level of the unequal error protection, wherein the second error protection level is different from the first error protection level.

22. The network entity of claim 16, wherein the two or more groups of bit indexes are based on isomorphic dimensions of a modulation constellation corresponding to the polar coded modulation, and wherein the modulation constellation is associated with regular Gray labeling.

23. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the network entity is a user equipment (UE) configured to transmit, to a second network entity, interleaving capability information of the UE, and wherein the interleaving capability information is indicative of one or more of: one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes of the UE; or one or more modulation constellations supported for each supported polar code interleaving scheme of the one or more supported polar code interleaving schemes.

24. The network entity of claim 23, wherein the network entity is configured to transmit, to a second network entity, UE preference information indicative of a particular interleaving scheme for interleaved polar coded modulation.

25. The network entity of claim 23, wherein the network entity is configured to: receive, from the second network entity, information indicative of a configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation, wherein the configured interleaving scheme is based on the interleaving capability information of the UE. 87

26. The network entity of claim 25, wherein, to receive the information indicative of the configured interleaving scheme for polar coded modulation, the network entity is configured to: receive, from the second network entity, one or more of downlink control information (DCI), a Media Access Control (MAC)-Control Element (MAC-CE), or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

27. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the network entity is further configured to: modulate the interleaved bit sequence using a modulation scheme corresponding to the polar coded modulation; and transmit, to a second network entity, modulated information corresponding to the interleaved bit sequence.

28. The network entity of claim 27, wherein: the network entity is a user equipment (UE); the second network entity is a base station; and the modulated information is included in an uplink transmission from the UE to the base station.

29. The network entity of claim 27, wherein: the network entity is a base station; the second network entity is a user equipment (UE); and the modulated information is included in a downlink transmission from the base station to the UE.

30. A method for wireless communication, comprising: obtaining an input bit sequence of a plurality of polar coded bits, wherein each polar coded bit of the plurality of polar coded bits is associated with a respective bit index of a plurality of bit indexes and a respective subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for polar coded modulation; applying a first interleaving pattern to a first subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the first subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a first bit index of the plurality of bit indexes; 88 applying a second interleaving pattern to a second subset of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein the second subset includes one or more polar coded bits each associated with a second bit index of the plurality of bit indexes, and wherein the second interleaving pattern is different from the first interleaving pattern; and outputting an interleaved bit sequence of the plurality of polar coded bits, wherein a first portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the first interleaving pattern and the first subset, and wherein a second portion of the interleaved bit sequence corresponds to the second interleaving pattern and the second subset.