IL28931A - Delayed release medicinal tablet - Google Patents

Delayed release medicinal tablet

Info

Publication number
IL28931A
IL28931A IL28931A IL2893167A IL28931A IL 28931 A IL28931 A IL 28931A IL 28931 A IL28931 A IL 28931A IL 2893167 A IL2893167 A IL 2893167A IL 28931 A IL28931 A IL 28931A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
tablet
medicine
wax
temperature
wax additive
Prior art date
Application number
IL28931A
Other languages
Hebrew (he)
Original Assignee
Merck & Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck & Co Inc filed Critical Merck & Co Inc
Publication of IL28931A publication Critical patent/IL28931A/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/286Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2866Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Description

rgniiui H jr TJinrm PATENT ATTORNEYS ·' LVD -D E) 'DUIJ PATENTS AND DESIGNS ORDINANCE SPECIFICATION delayed Release Medicinal Tablet I/We MERCK & CO., INC., a corporation of Hew Jersey, U.S.A. , of Rahway, Hew Jersey, U.S.A. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :— This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and particularly to tablet preparations which upon ingestion are capable of prolonging the release of the contained medicine or drug over extended periods of time.
This invention also involves a process for making these pharmaceutical tablets.
This prolonged or sustained release of a medicine or drug is important for several reasons. In the first place it serves to provide the body with medication over a long time and thereby eliminates the need for swallowing an ordinary tablet at frequent; intervals. The treatment of any disease with a medicine requires a fairly constant high body titre of the medicine. If the medicine is metabolized, or otherwise eliminated quickly from the body it would be necessary to swallow an ordinary tablet quite o ten to maintain the desired therapeutic level. The sustained re-, lease tablet of this invention makes it possible to swallow the tablet at considerably less frequent intervals.
Some medicines have such a narrow therapeutic ratio that slightly more of it than is necessary to achieve a therapeutic effect, will cause adverse toxic symptoms. If an ordinary tablet is taken, the rapid release of its medical content may cause such a high body level that undesirable side reactions will occur. The prolonged release tablet of this invention prevents the sudden release of a large amount of medicine and thereby prevents the onset of toxic symptoms.
Some medicines are inherently irritating to the alimentary mucosa and their rapid release f om the ordinary ; tablet may cause damage at the loci of high concentrations Tablets have -rcn prepared in the past which will prolong the release οί' the icontained medicine but they have not been entirely satisfactory. Some of them have been too expensive to make either because of the expensive ingredients or the complicated apparatus or process to make them or they have been too large because of the necessary additives to obtain the delayed release. Other tablets have been unsatisfactory because they have poorly reproducible release patterns although made in exactly the same way. The tablets of the present invention employ inexpensive tableting material and achieve an exceptionally uniform release of the medicine. These tablets can be made of relatively small size. Furthermore, the total elapsed drug release time can be varied and established by the practice of this invention.
Another important consideration is that the material which causes the prolonged drug release must be physiologically acceptable. It must have no or a negligible toxic effect upon the person. It must be completely eliminated so that even during prolonged use it does not accumulate in the person's tissues.
In accordance with the invention, the drug is mixed with a suitable wax or wax-like substance which will melt at a temperature at which the drug will not decompose or be otherwise adversely affected. This wax or wax-like substance is hereinafter called the wax additive and preferred ones are cetyl alcohol, castor wax, glycerol monostearate, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, beeswax and solid polyethylene glycols. Lubricants and/or flow conditioners which are conventional in the tablet art may or may not be added with further inter- \ t The tablets are coated with a suitable film forming material, such as methylcellulose, which is not affected either by the molten wax or by the elevated temperature at which the wax melts. This coating material should not be-come tacky during the subsequent heating procedure so as to thereby prevent agglomeration of the tablets. The coated tablets are placed for a predetermined period in a drying oven set at a temperature higher than the melting point of the wax additive. This heating causes the wax additive to soften or melt and the coating serves to preserve the shape of the tablet and to prevent agglomeration of tablets. After cooling to room temperature the tablets exhibit the desired sustained release effect.
The mechanism involved in producing the sustained release property is that 'the drug particles are coated during the melting operation with a continuous film of the waxr additive. When the compressed, coated tablets are exposed to an elevated temperature* the additive melts and flows between the drug particles. This step in the process serves the additional function of driving off residual solvents from the film coat. Upon cooling to room temperature, the wax additive solidifies to form a continuous structure in which drug particles are imbedded. Upon ingestion, the wax additive is slowly dissolved or disintegrated, resulting in the availability of the drug at a controlled rate.
The wax-additives which may be employed in the practice of this invention should have melting points above body temperature and should be slowly soluble or disintegrat-able by digestion in g£- str-o-intestinal fluids. Among them as animal fats and hardened vegetable oils, Including hydro genated fats and oils; higher fatty alcohols and acids such as octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl.
The coating v.'hich is applied directly to the wax-additive core, in addition to the methylcellulose mentioned above, may be ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate or a substituted alkyl cellulose such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulo'se . Other conventional coatings-may be used if it is known that it will not melt or become sticky during the heating step which melts the waxy core. Sufficient coating should be applied so that it will serve to retain the shape and also prevent agglomeration of the tablets during the time that the core is molten, and for this purpose the film should be from .03 to 0.1 mm. thick.
The heating temperature should be slightly above the predetermined melting temperature of the wax additive and it should be sustained for a period that will assure the melting of the entire wax additive. This will generally require a minimum of about 30 minutes although the tablets may be heated for as long as an overnight period.
The amount of weight of the wax additive should be from 5$ to 95 and preferably from 10 to 20$ of the weight of the drug. Amounts higher than 25$ generally will be used when a mixture of additives is required for special release effects such as a release spread over an entire day or more.
The release time of the drug will be dependent upon the part cular selected wax additive and the particle size of the dru The process of this invention is an economical one These coated, cooled tablets can be swallowed in the form in v/hich they come from the heating step and consequently they may be sold as the final end use product.
However, their appearance, taste and ability to stand ship- 5 ment and shelf age, may make it desirable to further coat them. This overcoating may be a conventional sugar or plastic coating which is applied in a tumbling pan or by a spray using known materiels, the spray being directed upon the tumbling tablets in a pan or upwardly into a fluidized column of tablets. These are known techniques and form no part of this invention as the feature of this concept is the core of such a coated tablet.
A medicament may be added to the coating next to j the wax core if the medicament will withstand the heating 1 15 step. This may be utilized if this medicament is chemically incompatible with the medicament in the core, or if it is I desired that the medicament in the coating be quickly released.
For example, the coating may contain a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide so as to quickly get it into the person's 1 20 system and the core may contain potassium chloride so that it will be released slowly. The overcoating may, as well, contain a medicament, for the same reasons.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples : EXAMPLE 1 Ingredients per core tablet: Potassium chloride (Granular) 1,000 mg.
Cetyl alcohol 150 mg.
Procedure : The ingredients are thoroughly intermixed and , com ressed to form tablets containin the desired wei ht , A coating solution of the following composition prepared: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
Alcohol Chloroform The film coating is applied to the tablets by a continuous spraying operation v/ell knov/n to those in the industry. Thirty milligrams of coating are applied to each tablet. The tablets are then placed in an oven (110° C) for 30 minutes. The finished product is obtained by cooling the tablets to room temperature. The dissolution time of the resulting tablet in water (75 ml.) was as follo\ EXAMPLE 3 Ingredients per core tablet: Potassium chloride (Granular) 1,000 mg.
Castor wax 150 mg.
Stearic acid 5 mg.
The procedure described in Example 1 is followed.
EXAMPLE k Ingredient per core tablet: Amitriptyline 0; mg.
The procedure of Example 1 is followed, and the dissolution rate of the resulting tablet in water { 750 ml.) is as follows: Time (hours)- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 co Dissolved 31.8 44.6 52 .0 58.5 63.2 69.0 72.5 Time (hours) 8 9 10 11 12 13 Dissolved 76.0 79.5 82 . 85.5 88.0 90.1 EXAMPLE 5 Any one of the preceding examples is carried out but 5 mg. of anhydrous colloidal silica is added per tablet.
Other examples are apparent from the above specific, illustrative ones. Any one of the wax-additives mentioned above may be substituted for those in the above examples and they may be added within the 5 to 9 i^ range which has been mentioned. The medicament may be substances other than potassium chloride, such as is represented by the following: EXAMPLE 6 Ingredients per core tablet: Chlorothiazide 500 mg.
Cetyl alcohol 75 mg.
The procedure of Example 1 is carried out. Also, other examples are evident, considering that for the hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose coating may be substituted other known

Claims (7)

t
1. C L A I H S:
2. , A medicine tablet which will prolong the release of the contained medicine ¾Mch comprises drug particles contained in the cooled melt of a wax additive which is solid at room temperature but which melts at a temperature at which the medicine will note be affected adversely and which is slowly fluids dissolved in or is slowly disintegrated by gastric/ and a coating which will preserve its shape at the temperature at which the wax additive melts. ί?. A tablet according to claim 1 in which the wax additive is selected from the group consisting of hardened organic animal, yegetable and mineral fats and oils, higher fatty alcohols, higher fatty acids, beeswax, glycerol monostearate and solid polyethylene glycol,
3. » A tablet according to claim 1 in which the wa additive is selected fronr the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, castor wax, glycerol monostearate, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, beeswax and solid polyethylene glycol.
4. A tablet accordin to claim 1 in which said coating is selected from the group consisting^methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and a substituted alkylcellulose.
5. The method of making a medicine tablet which will' rolong the release, of the contained medicine which comprises mixing together medicine particles and a wax additive which is solid at room temperature but which melts at a temperature at which the medicine will not be affected adversely and which is slowly dissolved in or is slowly disintegrated by gastric fluids, compressing the mixture into tablet form to make a tablet core, coating the core with a material which will retain its shape at the temperature at which the wax additive melts, heating the coated core to at least the melting temperature of the wax additive for a period to assure the melting of the wax additive, and cooling the tablet to room temperature.
6. The process according to claim 5 in which the wax additive is selected from the group consisting of . ·■ ' hardened, organic animal, vegetable and mineral fats and oils, higher fatty alcohols, higher fatty acids, beeswax, glycerol solid rnonostearate and/polyethylene χίά&τ glycol.
7. The process according to claim 5 in which coating the wa¾-¾-dri4 Ate is selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and a substituted alkyl-cellulose .
IL28931A 1966-11-23 1967-11-13 Delayed release medicinal tablet IL28931A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59645866A 1966-11-23 1966-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL28931A true IL28931A (en) 1971-07-28

Family

ID=24387352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL28931A IL28931A (en) 1966-11-23 1967-11-13 Delayed release medicinal tablet

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3487138A (en)
DE (1) DE1617657A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1561127A (en)
GB (1) GB1179938A (en)
IL (1) IL28931A (en)
NL (1) NL6715224A (en)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4137300A (en) * 1976-08-20 1979-01-30 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Sustained action dosage forms
GB1598458A (en) * 1977-04-01 1981-09-23 Hoechst Uk Ltd Tableting of microcapsules
DE3024416C2 (en) * 1980-06-28 1982-04-15 Gödecke AG, 1000 Berlin Process for the production of medicaments with sustained release of active substances
JPS57171428A (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-22 Sankyo Co Ltd Preparation of coated solid preparation
FR2548021B1 (en) * 1983-06-29 1986-02-28 Dick P R PROLONGED AND CONTINUOUS DERMAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS BASED ON ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
GB2170104A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-07-30 Warner Lambert Co Coated pharmaceutical dosage forms
US4657784A (en) * 1986-03-10 1987-04-14 Ecolab Inc. Process for encapsulating particles with at least two coating layers having different melting points
IT1204294B (en) * 1986-03-11 1989-03-01 Gentili Ist Spa METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF GRANULARS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COATED TABLETS, FOR ORAL USE, WITH CONTROLLED RELEASE
JP2681373B2 (en) * 1988-07-18 1997-11-26 塩野義製薬株式会社 Method for manufacturing sustained-release preparation
JPH03232814A (en) * 1990-02-08 1991-10-16 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Method for manufacturing sustained release tablets
US5714167A (en) * 1992-06-15 1998-02-03 Emisphere Technologies, Inc. Active agent transport systems
AU8913491A (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-06-25 Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Quick release coated preparation
ES2096103T3 (en) * 1992-01-13 1997-03-01 Pfizer PREPARATION OF INCREASED RESISTANCE TABLETS.
DE69332291T2 (en) * 1992-10-16 2003-07-31 Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. METHOD FOR PRODUCING WAX MATRICES
US5690959A (en) * 1993-05-29 1997-11-25 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Pharmaceutical thermal infusion process
US5827537A (en) * 1995-05-04 1998-10-27 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Pharmaceutical thermal infusion process

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2987445A (en) * 1958-10-10 1961-06-06 Rohm & Haas Drug composition
US3308217A (en) * 1965-02-09 1967-03-07 Lowy Lawrence Method of granulating materials for subsequent forming into tablets
US3400185A (en) * 1965-04-08 1968-09-03 Bristol Myers Co Agglomeration of smaller pharmaceutical particles into larger microspherules and enteic-coating thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1561127A (en) 1969-03-28
DE1617657A1 (en) 1971-09-02
GB1179938A (en) 1970-02-04
US3487138A (en) 1969-12-30
NL6715224A (en) 1968-05-24

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